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Electrical Simulation Lab Manual
u
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Sl. No. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT Page No.
1 Simulation of Transient response of RLC Circuit To an input (i) step
(ii) pulse and(iii) Sinusoidal signals 2
2 Analysis of Three Phase Circuit representing the generator transmission
line and load. plot three phase currents and neutral current. 7
3 Simulation of Single Phase full converter using RLE loads and single
phase AC Voltage Controller using RL loads. 12
4 Plotting of Bode plots, Root Locus and Nyquist plots for the transfer
functions of systems up to 5th order.
23
5 Power System load flow using Newton-Raphson Technique. 28
6 Modeling of Transformer and simulation of lossy transmission line 34
7 Integrator and Differentiator circuits using OP-AMP. 38
8 Simulation of D.C separately excited motor using Transfer function
approach. 43
9 Simulation of Buck & Boost converters. 45
10 Simulation of single Phase Inverter with PWM control. 51
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 2 of 55
Expt. No: 1
PSPICE SIMULATION OF SERIES RLC CIRCUITS FOR STEP,
PULSE & SINUSOIDAL INPUTS
Date:
AIM: To study the responses of series RLC circuits for a given step, pulse & sinusoidal inputs.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
Series RLC circuit for STEP input
Series RLC circuit for SQUARE input
Series RLC circuit for SINUSOIDAL input
SPECIFICATIONS:
V1
R2
2 OHMS
4
V3
R1
1 OHM
L2
50uH
C310UF
5 6
C210UF
8 93L1
50uH
R3
8 OHMS
71
V2
2 L3
50uH
0
C110UF
R2
2 OHMS
4 L2
10uH
C310UF
5
V2
6
C210UF
8R1
1 OHM
9
V3
3L1
10uH
R3
3 OHMS
71 2 L3
10uH
0
C110UF
V1
R2
2 OHMS
4
V3
L2
10uH
C310UF
5 6
C210UF
8R1
0.5 OHM
9
V2
3L1
10uH
R3
6 OHMS
71 2
V1
L3
10uH
0
C110UF
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THEORY:
PROGRAMS:
STEP INPUT
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PULSE INPUT
SINUSOIDAL INPUT
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PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
CL
L
R
*
1
*2
0
A).OVER DAMPED ( 0 )
0
B) UNDER DAMAPED ( 0 )
0
C) CRITICALLY DAMPED ( 0 )
0
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
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MODEL GRAPH:
SERIES RLC CIRCUIT WITH STEP INPUT
SERIES RLC CIRCUIT WITH SQUARE INPUT
SERIES RLC CIRCUIT WITH SINUSOIDAL INPUT
Time
0s 100us 200us 300us 400us 500us 600us 700us 800us
V(3) V(6) V(9)
0V
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
Time
0s 40us 80us 120us 160us 200us 240us
V(3) V(6) V(9)
-15V
-10V
-5V
0V
5V
10V
15V
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms
V(3) V(6) V(9)
-200V
-100V
0V
100V
200V
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 7 of 55
Expt. No: 2
PSPICE ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASE CIRCUIT
Date:
AIM: To study the analysis of simple three phase circuit for balanced and unbalanced loads.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
Three Phase circuit with Balanced load
Three Phase circuit with Unbalanced load
SPECIFICATIONS:
L23MH
R220 OHMS
3
L33MH
7
L13MH
VS1
4
R120 OHMS
6
R320 OHMS
5
VS2
Vx0V
1
VS3
0
2
L26MH
R210 OHMS
3
L39MH
7
L13MH
VS1
4
R150 OHMS
6
R315 OHMS
5
VS2
Vx0V
1
VS3
0
2
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 8 of 55
THEORY:
PROGRAMS:
BALANCED LOAD CONDITION
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UNBALANCED LOAD CONDITION
PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
RESULT:
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
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MODEL CALCULATIONS:
A) FOR BALANCED LOAD
IbIyIrIn
Ib
Iy
Ir
B) FOR UNBALANCED LOAD
000 2401200 IbIyIrIn
Ib
Iy
Ir
s
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 11 of 55
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
INPUT WAVEFORM
BALANCED LOAD CONDITION
UNBALANCED LOAD CONDITION
Time
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms
V(1) V(2) V(3)
-200V
-100V
0V
100V
200V
Time
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms
I(L1) I(L2) I(L3)
-10A
-5A
0A
5A
10A
Time
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms
I(L1) I(L2) I(L3)
-20A
-10A
0A
10A
20A
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 12 of 55
Expt. No: 3(a)
PSPICE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER
WITH RL & RLE LOADS
Date:
AIM: To analyze the single phase full converter with RL and RLE Loads.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
Single Phase full converter with RL load
Single Phase full converter with RLE load
5
8
R10 OHMS
3 4
7
Vs
L100MH
E100V
9
1
2
0
XT1
XT2
XT3
XT4
6
5
8
R10 OHMS
3 4
7
Vs
L100MH
1
2
0
XT1
XT2
XT3
XT4
6
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SPECIFICATIONS:
THEORY:
PROGRAMS:
WITH RL LOAD
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WITH RLE LOAD
SIGLE-PHASE FULL CONVERTER CIRCUIT WITH RLE LOAD
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS FOR ANALYSIS USING CIRCUIT:
Single Phase full converter with RL load
Single Phase full converter with RLE load
X42N1595
0
VG1
TD = 3333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
R1
10 OHMS
VG2
TD = 3333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
X32N1595
VG4
TD = 13333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
VSFREQ = 50HZVAMPL = 169.7V
VOFF = 0V
L1
100 MH
X22N1595
VG3
TD = 13333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
X12N1595
0
VG3
TD = 13333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
X22N1595
L1
100 MH
X12N1595
VG2
TD = 3333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
X42N1595
VSFREQ = 50HZVAMPL = 169.7V
VOFF = 0V
VG4
TD = 13333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
X32N1595
VG1
TD = 3333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
E
100 V
R1
10 OHMS
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 16 of 55
PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
THERITICAL CALCULATIONS:
A)FOR RL LOAD
V
COSV
V
COSV
V
M
M
_______
(____)2
0
)(2
0
B)FOR RLE LOAD
At t i.e. at t
. io = 0
We know t EVm )sin(
Min value of firing angle 3)(sin)(sin 11
mV
E
Max value of firing angle 12 180
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
The single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier is used to control power flow in many
applications (e.g., power supplies, variable-speed dc motor drives, and input stages of other
converters)
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 17 of 55
MODEL WAVEFORMS FOR FULL CONVERTER:
INPUT WAVEFORM
OUTPUT WAVEFORM WITH RL LOAD
OUTPUT WAVEFORM WITH RLE LOAD
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms
V(1,2)
-200V
-100V
0V
100V
200V
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms
V(7)
-200V
-100V
0V
100V
200V
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms
V(7)
-100V
0V
100V
200V
300V
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 18 of 55
Expt. No: 3(b)
PSPICE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE
CONTROLLER WITH RL LOAD
Date:
AIM: To analyze the single phase full converter with RL and RLE Loads.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Single Phase AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER with RL load
SPECIFICATIONS:
THEORY:
3
R10 OHMS
2
L10MH
0
1
XT1
XT2
Vs
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PROGRAM:
SIGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER CIRCUIT WITH RL LOAD
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR ANALYSIS USING CIRCUIT:
PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
THERITICAL CALCULATIONS(FOR RL LOAD):
Wt=______=______ms
V
COSV
V
COSV
V
M
M
______
]1(____)[0
]1)([0
RESULT:
VS1
FREQ = 50HZVAMPL = 169.7VVOFF = 0V
VG1
TD = 3333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100V
0
VG2
TD = 13333.34US
TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US
V1 = 0V
TR = 1NS
V2 = 100VL1
10 MH
R1
10 OHMS
X2
2N1595
X1
2N1595
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 21 of 55
APPLICATIONS:
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MODEL WAVEFORMS:
INPUT WAVEFORM
OUTPUT WAVEFORM
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms
V(1)
-200V
-100V
0V
100V
200V
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms
V(2)
-200V
-100V
0V
100V
200V
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 23 of 55
Expt. No: 4
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT SYSTEMS
(Bode, Root Locus, Nyquist plots using MATLAB)
Date:
AIM: To analyze the stability of given linear time invariant systems using MATLAB.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with MATLAB Software
THEORY:
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TRANSFER FUNCTION:
The given system is represented by a transfer function as follows
THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:
Draw Bode, Nyquist and Root locus plots for the given transfer function.
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PROGRAMS:
BODE PLOT:
NYQUIST PLOT:
ROOT LOCUS PLOT:
PROCEDURE:
1. Open the MATLAB command window clicking on the MATLAB icon.
2. Click on file menu and open new M file.
3. Enter the MATLAB code.
4. Click on the debug menu and run the code.
5. Then copy the obtained plot.
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
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MODEL GRAPHS:
BODE PLOT
NYQUIST PLOT
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ROOT LOCUS PLOT
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Expt. No: 5
POWER SYSTEM LOAD FLOW USING GAUSS-SEIDEL AND
NEWTON-RAPHSON TECHNIQUE
Date:
AIM: To find the power flow solution of a given power system using Gauss-Seidel and Newton
Raphson methods.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with MATLAB Software
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM:
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THEORY:
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PROGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
NEWTON – RAPHSON METHOD:
1. Open the MA TLAB Command window by clicking on the MA TLAB.exe icon.
2. Enter the programs LF-Bus, LF-Newton busout and lineflow in the MATLAB Text Editor.
3. Prepare the line, transformer parameters and transformer tap settings data in a matrix named
line data.
4. Run the programs LF-Y-Bus, LF-Newton, busout and line flow in MATLAB Command Window
to get the power flow solution using Newton-Raphson.
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 31 of 55
Expt. No: 6(a)
MODELING OF TRANSFORMER Date:
AIM: To simulate an Op-amp based Integrator & Differentiator circuits using Pspice.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
THEORY:
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SPECIFICATIONS:
PROGRAMS:
PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
MODEL GRAPTH
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Expt. No: 6(b)
PSPICE Simulation of a Lossy Transmission Line
Date:
Aim: Calculation of lossy transmission line parameters by applying PSPICE simulation.
Software tools required: PSPICE
THEORY:
Procedure:
1. Open PSPICE and create 5 sections of a lossless transmission line by placing 5 inductors (use
values of L=10H) in series, then connect each node between the inductors (and the node after the
last inductor) to ground through a capacitor (use C=1nF) as shown in Figure 1. This is the
lumped element model for a lossless transmission line.
Figure 1
2. Calculate the characteristic impedance for this lossless transmission line model.
3. Place a resistor having a value of the characteristic impedance of your line at the end of your
line in parallel with the final capacitor. This is the load.
4. Place a VSIN source on the left side of your circuit and connect it to the line by means of the
first inductor. Adjust VSIN such that it has amplitude of 10 V, phase of 0 degrees, and a
frequency of 1 kHz. Note that VSIN also requires that you set a “Voff” value. Set this to zero.
5. Determine the phase velocity of the transmission line model.
A. The lumped element model is in terms of segments rather than position, so the phase
velocity will be in units of segments/seconds.
B. Place a marker at the node between L2 and L3, between L3 and L4, and between L4
and L5.
C. Go to the Analysis menu and open the setup window. Find the transient analysis
section and then open it. Set the following parameters: Print Step (.01m), final Time (5m), No-
Print Delay (0), and Step Ceiling (.01m). Run the simulation and examine the trace plots
associated with each marker.
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D. Divide the number of segment by the time difference between the peak for each
marker.
E. Determine the phase velocity for following three cases (1) between L2-L3 and L3-L4,
(2) between L3-L4 and L4-L5, and (3) between L2-L3 and L4-L5. The phase velocity for these
cases should be approximately the same. (See Figure 2)
Figure 2. The phase velocity between segments 3 and 4 is 1/t.
1. Determine the propagation constant, , for this lumped element model.
a. The propagation constant is the position variable quantity.
b. It is easier to determine the wavelength, , and then calculate the propagation constant
as given by 2 .
c. To find the wavelength you need to place a voltage monitor between each segment and
then measure the voltage on each marker at the same time. (see Figure 3)
d. Add more segments until you can map out more than one entire period of the sinusoidal
wave.
e. Plot the voltage as a function of segment number.
f. Measure the period in terms of segments.
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Figure 3
2. Compare the relationship of your calculated phase velocity and wavelength to that derived in
the book (Eq. 2.53).
3. Add resistors in series with each inductor that causes the sinusoid to be visibly damped while
still showing oscillation. This lumped element models the finite resistance of the metal lines of
the transmission line. Describe your new circuit and its values for decay constant. Include a
printout with your description.
4. Add resistors in parallel with each capacitor that causes the sinusoid to be visibly damped
while still showing oscillation. This lumped element models the small conductivity of the
insulator (between the two metal lines of the transmission line.
Describe your new circuit and its values for decay constant. Include a printout with your
description.
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THEROTICAL CALCULATIONS:
CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDENCE C
LZ0
RESULT:
APPLICATION:
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Expt. No: 7
PSPICE SIMULATION OF INTEGRATOR & DIFFERENTIATOR
Date:
AIM: To simulate an Op-amp based Integrator & Differentiator circuits using Pspice.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
INTEGRATOR CIRCUIT
DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUIT
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THEORY:
PROGRAMS:
INTEGRATOR:
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DIFFERENTIATOR:
RESPENSE OF DIFFERENTIATOR
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PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
MODEL CALCULATION:
A).FOR DIFFERENTATIOR
dt
dVCRFV **0
B).FOR INTEGRATOR
T
F
VdtCR
V0
*1
10
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
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MODEL WAVEFORMS:
INTEGRATOR INPUT & OUTPUT WAVEFORMS
DIFFERENTIATOR INPUT & OUTPUT WAVEFORMS
Time
0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 3.0ms 3.5ms 4.0ms
V(4)
-5.0V
0V
5.0V
SEL>>
V(1)
-2.0V
-1.0V
0V
1.0V
Time
0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 3.0ms 3.5ms 4.0ms
V(4)
-5.0V
0V
5.0V
V(1)
0V
0.5V
1.0V
SEL>>
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 43 of 55
Expt. No: 8
SIMULATION OF D.C SEPARATELY EXCITED MOTOR
USING TRANSFER FUNCTION APPROACH. Date:
AIM: To Simulation of D.C separately excited motor using Transfer function approach using
MATLAB.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with MATLAB Software
SPECIFICATIONS:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
THEORY:
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 44 of 55
PROCEDURE:
1. Open the MATLAB software by clicking on the MATLAB icon.
2. Click on file menu and open new Model file.
3. Add the required blocks from simulink library browser to model file.
4. Click on the start button to simulate.
5. Draw the plot.
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
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Expt. No: 9(A)
SIMULATION OF BOOST CONVERTERS Date:
AIM: To simulate boost converters using Pspice.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
SPECIFICATIONS:
THEORY:
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 46 of 55
BOOST CHOPPER
PROCEDURE: 1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
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MODEL CALCULATIONS:
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
Expt. No: 9(B)
T
Tonwhere
VSV
10
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 48 of 55
SIMULATION OF BUCK CONVERTERS Date:
AIM: To analyze Buck chopper using Pspice.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Buck chopper
SPECIFICATIONS:
THEORY:
RB250 OHMS
0
Ce8.33UF
T1
Vx 0VVg
L
40.91UH
Dm
Vy
0V
R3 OHMS
Vs110V
Le
681.82UH
10 V
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PROGRAM:
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PROCEDURE:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
MODEL CALCULATIONS :
VST
TonVSV *0
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS:
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 51 of 55
Expt. No: 10
SINGLE PHASE INVERTER WITH PWM CONTROL Date:
AIM: PSpice analysis of single phase inverter with PWM control.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED: PC with PSPICE Software
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Single phase inverter with PWM control
PWM Generator
D4
5
12D1
T2
Vy 0V
9
T3Rg1
R
2.5 OHMS
1
7
Vx
0V
T4
13
Rg4
2
4
6Vs100V
8T1
D2
Rg3
11
L
10MH
0
14 10Rg2
D3
3
Rin2MEG
R4
100 KOHMS
4
2
Vc
1
Co10pf
R2
1k
6
Ro75 OHMS
0
Vr
3
R1
1k
5
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 52 of 55
Carrier and Reference signals
SPECIFICATIONS:
THEORY:
0
Rc12MEG
1715
VrVc1 Vc3Rc32MEG
16
Rr2MEG
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PROGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
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Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 54 of 55
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.
2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
MODEL WAVEFORM:
AMPLITUDE OF ‘VC1&VC2’>AMPLITUE OF ‘VR’
AMPLITUDE OF ‘VC1&VC2’=AMPLITUE OF ‘VR’
Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE
Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology Page 55 of 55
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
CASDE ‘A’:OVER MADULATION (Ar >Ac)
==5>1
>Mr>1
=>Ar/Ac
=
N=number of pulses per half cycle N=1
CASDE ‘A’:UNDER MADULATION (Ar <Ac)
=>Mr<1
=>Ar/Ac
=
=
N-1=number of pulses per half cycle
1
)2/(
N
frfcN
RESULT:
APPLICATIONS: