sindh.police by capt. (r) parvez ahmed chandio, psp

Task Force on Improving Service Delivery of

Police Department at Districts in Lasbellah ,

Hyderabad & Ghotki

BY

Capt. ® Parvez Ahmed Chandio, PSP

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AIM OF PRESENTATION

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• To apprise the participants about the history of policing, causes of its

failure in service delivery and various attempts made to reform the

police.

• To share an implementable operational plan for improving service

delivery by addressing the loopholes through IT interventions at

district SSP office level in Lasbellah, Hyderabad and Ghotki Districts.

SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION

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• History of Policing

• Duties & functions of police

• Attempts to reform police

• Where has Thana failed to deliver?

• Causes of failure to deliver

• Recommendations

• Implementable Operational Plan

• I.T Interventions

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HISTORY OF POLICING

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HISTORY OF POLICING

• Kotwali & Foujdari System under Talpur Rulers.1

• Sindh Police commissioned on 23rd March 1843 by Charles Napier.2

• Initially Police Formed for Three Principal Towns –

Karachi, Hyderabad & Shikarpur.

• Operationalized as Police Force on 1st May 1843 at Karachi. (190 Mounted & 133

Foot Constables)

1. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, Vol. 2 , July 2010

2. Napier, Sir W. History of Sir Charles Napier’s, Administration in Scinde and In The Cutchee Hills, 1851, London, Chapman & Hall

Cont.…

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HISTORY OF POLICING

i) Functions

a) Colonial Exigencies of Subjugation of Conquered Territory

b) Confiscate means of transport

c) Force Labor

ii) Design & Orientation

a) Royal Irish Constabulary Model

b) A Repressive / Coercive Force

c) Harsh and Imposing Style of Policing

d) Centralized Chain of Command

e) Detached from Indigenous Population

Source : Pakistan Journal of Criminology, Vol. 2 , July 2010

Cont.…

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HISTORY OF POLICING

i) The Police Act, 1861 adopted the Sindh Model.

ii) Developed Provinces of India did not adopt the 1861 Act – Instead of RIC

Inspectorate Design, opted for Metropolitan and Directorate style setups.1

iii) Several attempts made to reform the Police Act 1861.

iv) The Police Act, 1861 repealed by Police Order, 2002.

v) The Police Act, 1861 was adopted again in 2011

1. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, Vol. 2 , July 2010

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DUTIES & FUNCTIONS OF POLICE

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• State Responsibility

• Sir Robert Peel’s first principle of policing¹:

“The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and

disorder”

• Law Enforcement

• Prevent & detect Crime

• Maintain Law & Order

• Service Delivery

1. Policing in the 21st Century: Reconnecting police and the people: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/consultations/policing-21st-century/policing- 21st-full-pdf?view=Binary

Cont.…

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• Behave with courtesy, promote amity, assist people in danger of harm

• Protect life, property and liberty of citizens

• Preserve and promote public peace

• All rights and privileges of under custody person are protected

• Detect and bring offenders to justice

• Afford relief to people in distress

• Prevent harassment of women and children in public places

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ATTEMPTS TO REFORM POLICE

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• 25 - Commissions and Committees since 1948 for police reforms

• Lack of political will to reform the Police was major obstacle.

• Focal group on Police reforms in 1999

• Recommendations debated in Public & media

• Police Order 2002 promulgated and repealed

• Back to outdated Police Act of 1861 to control the force by Political

Masters Cont.…

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• Inspector General of Police

• Colonial

• To Rule

• Internal oversight

• Executive control

• Coercive

• Hierarchical

• Political order

• Provincial Police Officer

• Community based

• To Serve

• PSC & PCA

• Judicial control

• Cooperative

• Specialization

• Social order

Police Act 1861 Police Order 2002

Source: Police Act 1861 and Police Order 2002

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WHERE HAS THANA FAILED TO DELIVER?

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• Non-registration/delayed registration/Burking

• Registration of fake cases

• Massive Police Corruption

• Rude, Indifferent and Callous Attitude

• Poor / Faulty Investigation Skills

• Lack of Record Keeping

• Law & Order Duties Vs Crime Control

• Sophistication in Crime Patterns

• Public Mistrust Cont.…

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• Extortion

• Human Rights violations

Illegal detentions

Torture to elicit confessions

Custodial deaths

Lack sophisticated means of investigation

Forensics capabilities are rudimentary

• People perceive the police as agents of the party in power and not of the State

• Police rules by authority and not by consent

• Chase political opponents rather than the criminals.

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CAUSES OF FAILURE TO DELIVER

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• Low investment in Human Resource Development

• Logistics, Weapons & Wireless – Outdated

• Living & Operational Buildings – Poor Condition

• Low Operational Budget and its misuse

• Low Salaries

“Their pay was low, it being assumed by the authorities that they would get milk, eggs,

butter and potatoes as gifts from local people” 1

1. J D Brewer, 1990, The RIC: An Oral History, Belfast

Cont.…

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Cont.…

• Training on militaristic lines

• Capacity building failure

• Force not service oriented

• Constabulary – less educated and unskilled

• Modern investigative skills missing

• 400,000 police for a population of around 200 million, a ratio of 1:500

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Cont.…

• Political Interference – Shoulder promotions, Transfer/Postings,

Staffing

• Constabulary opinions never basis for Policy Making

• Politicized Recruitment/Staffing

• Frequently perform guard and VIP duties

• Three main reasons of corruption:

lack of Accountability

lack of Merit

low salaries

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Inability to resist political interference-Leadership failure

Inadequate institutional capacity

Lack of professionalism

No R & D base

Non-provision of accountability mechanisms

Demoralized police force

Weak police-pubic relations

Media shyness

Districts No. of Cases Security Provided

Hyderabad

District

Case of Rescue from

kidnapping1300 Industries

Personal Sacrifices 2463 VIPs

Criminal Arrested 1000 Highways/Roads

Lasbellah

District

Criminal Arrested 1230 Foreigners

Narcotic sized 554 kgs Installations/Building

Arms Recovered 180 High officials

Vehicles Recovered 170 Politician

Criminal Killed 01 13% Average Decline

Gthotki

District

Criminal Arrested 127

Arms Recovered 722

Vehicle Recovered 18

Criminal Killed 06

Key Performance Indicators

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RECOMMENDATIONS

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RECOMMENDATIONS

The Short-comings in the Police Act, 1861

• The word ‘superintendence’ is not clearly defined

• Act is quite often used as an instrument by the political leaders to misuse it

for Political gains

• Does not envisage for a ” Service oriented Police Setup".

• Silent on concept of accountability/transparency.

• Society NOT Citizen Focused

Cont.…

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION

1. Watch and ward, Intelligence, RRF, Transport

2. Anti Riot, Traffic and VVIP Protection

3. Investigations- Forensics, Legal, Prosecution Support

Cont.…

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE

• IGP to be independent in decision making and be declared as Ex-officio

Secretary to Govt:

• Funding at Police Station level

• Hiring of Human Resource

• Must be ensured through

• NTS for lower Subordinates

• PPSC for Upper Subordinates

• FPSC for Gazetted officersCont.…

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Cont.…

• USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• To detect and arrest the criminals through cell phone tracking system

• Hot spot policing to detect the crime pattern and crime clusters

• Digital Provincial database of outlaws including their cell phones, sim nos

and call data records for analysis and electronic detection of crime

• Monitoring and supervising over all Police Service delivery Indicators

• Human Resource Management on modern lines

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Cont.…

• Enhancement of the Capacity Building

• Highly neglected part of Polices System which needs to improve on war

footings.

• One and integrated training institution with latest training tools be

established like Punjab Police College Sihalla.

• Basic training should be on modern lines of the developed countries

• Special emphasis be given on Human Rights training and its sensitisation

• Behavioural change of Police officer while dealing with public be focused

• Annual increment and promotions strictly linked with professional courses

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Cont.…

• Human Rights and Media awareness – Pushing Police to Stop Abuse of

Authority.

• Concept of service instead of force . Must change or face Public Reaction.

• Police are Public and Public are the Police. Community Policing is the

future.

• Serious and Sincere legal Reforms – To transform the organization into

people friendly department.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• Specialized Crime Scene Investigation unit at each Sub-Division Level under the command of a DSP

• Electronic Surveillance of Vulnerable and very important points

• Switch over to Less-lethal weapons like 5.56 mm and 12 mm bore

• Non-lethal weapons like water cannons instead of batons.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Cont.…

• Compulsory time off from duty and periodic leave to all Police officers for

positive effects on their behavior

• For optimum work output, enabling environment at Police Station be

provided with latest facilities to feel a sense of dignity

• Special salary structure for the police officers along with health security

• Education system for the children of Police officials, to raise the morale of

service members on the pattern of Armed Forces.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Cont.…

• Police Professional Accountability

• Draw performance parameters for every assignment and officer

• Assessment reports with maximum objective approach then subjective

• Countersigning officer must asses objectively and give decision for

suitability for next deployment

• External Accountability

• Police Complaint Authorities

• Public Safety Commissions

• Civil Liability Suits

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IMPLEMENTABLE OPERATIONAL

PLAN

INITIATIVE - 1:

ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNITY POLICE AT POLICE STATION, SUB-DIVISION AND DISTRICT LEVEL

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY & TOOLS

• Responsibility• Senior Superintendent of Police of concerned district

• Tools• Finance -• HR Police and Community• Technical District SSP office

OUTCOME• Involvement of community in maintenance of law & order

• Bridging the existing gap between the police and public

• Reduction in crime

• Improved service delivery

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IMPLEMENTABLE OPERATIONAL PLAN

& EFFECTIVE TOOLS (SHORT TERM)

Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 2:

ESTABLISHMENT OF ONLINE COMPLAINT CELL IN DISTRICT SSP OFFICE



• Tools• Finance -• HR District SSP office• Technical District SSP office

OUTCOME• Redresal of public complaints

• Improvement in police image

• Relationship of trust between police and public

• Improved service delivery

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Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 3:

ESTABLISHMENT OF CELL PHONE COMPLAINT SYSTEM IN DISTRICT SSP OFFICE




OUTCOME• Redresal of public complaints

• Quick accessibility

• Doing away the trust deficit between police and public

• Respect of police in the eyes of public

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Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 4:

INTEGRATION OF CELL PHONE COMPLAINT SYSTEM AND ONLINE COMPLAINT CELL IN DISTRICT SSP OFFICE




OUTCOME• No delay in registration of FIR

• Quick and direct accessibility with the district SSP

• Reduction in crime

• Eradication of vice dens

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Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 1:

ESTABLISHMENT OF FORENSIC LABORATORY IN DISTRICT SSP OFFICE


• Responsibility• Inspector General of Police of concerned province

• Tools• Finance Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan• HR District SSP office• Technical Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan

OUTCOME• Scientific collection of evidence

• Improvement in conviction rate

• Service delivery

• Professionalism in police

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& EFFECTIVE TOOLS (MEDIUM TERM)

Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 2:

ESTABLISHMENT OF POLICE COMPLAINT AUTHORITY


• Responsibility• Home department of concerned province

• Tools• Finance Home department of Sindh / Balochistan• HR Home department and Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan• Technical Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan

OUTCOME• Redresal of public complaints regarding police excesses

• Accountability of police

• Conversion of police from force to service

• Improvement in Thana culture

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Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 3:

CREATION OF ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR POLICE



• Tools• Finance Home department of Sindh / Balochistan• HR Home department and Central police office of Sindh /

Balochistan• Technical Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan

OUTCOME• Marked improvement in behavior of police

• Improvement in Thana culture

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Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 1:

LEGISLATION TO CONVERT NON COGNIZABLE OFFENCE

INTO COGNIZABLE OFFENCES


• Responsibility

• Federal and Provincial Governments

• Tools

• Finance -

• HR Federal and Provincial Legislatures, respective CPOs

• Technical Police department

OUTCOME

• Petty justice for common citizens

• Provision of liberty, dignity and honor to the marginalized segments of society

• Reduction in heinous offence

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& EFFECTIVE TOOLS (LONG TERM)

Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 2:

EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONAL SEPARATION OF DUTIES AT POLICE STATION LEVEL



• Tools• Finance Home department of Sindh / Balochistan• HR Home department and Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan• Technical Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan

OUTCOME• Functional specialization of police

• Improvement in quality of investigation leading to public satisfaction

• Enhancement in quality of prosecution

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Cont.…

INITIATIVE - 3:

COMPUTERIZATION OF POLICE STATIONS RECORD


• Responsibility

• Inspector General of Police of concerned province

• Tools

• Finance Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan

• HR District SSP office

• Technical Central police office of Sindh / Balochistan

OUTCOME

• Establishment of criminal data bank

• Analysis of modern trends of crime

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I.T INTERVENTIONS

MOBILE PHONE APP

Crime Scene Evidence Collection

(CSEC)

Dried Blood Stains

Standard Blood Specimens

Autopsy Blood Samples

Blood Samples from Live Individuals

Handling and Storage of Physiological Fluid

Evidence

Stains and Controls

Liquids (generally standards)

Complaint Redressal System (CRS)

Review by Panelist

sindh.police by capt. (r) parvez ahmed chandio, psp

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