2014

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)

gamomcemloba „meridiani“

Tbilisi 2014

sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsi

(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)

2010 wlis 1 oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos axali

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic qmnis SejibrebiTobis

principze da fuZnebul sistemas.

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~

(ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

saxelmwifo de partamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da

samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT exmareba saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs marTlmsajulebis

xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyo faSi da sxva programebis paralelurad,

axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsze dayrdnobiT axorcielebs

specialur programas saqarTvelos advoka tTa asociaciis wevri

advokatebisaTvis. saxelmZRvaneloSi gaTvaliswinebulia misi

dabeWdvis periodisaTvis saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba da

praqtika. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmZRvanelos dabeWdvisas

redaqtorisaTvis cnobili ar aris saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi komentarebis arsebobis Sesaxeb,

Tumca iTvaliswinebs maTi axlo momavalSi gamocemis SesaZleblobas.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia

kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis

mier, mowveuli eqspertebis daxmarebiT, amerikis SeerTe buli Statebis

saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da

samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da fi nansuri mxardaWeriT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia saqarTvelos

advokatTa asociaciis wevri advokatebisaTvis.

saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba da redaqtireba SesaZlebeli gaxda

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis Semdeg TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviTa

da Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT:

© amerikis iuristTa asociacia

ISBN 978-9941-10-841-9

mamuka mamacaSvili (samxareo direqtoris moadgile);

medea maTiaSvili (ufrosi iuristi);

ana loria (ufrosi iuristi);

Tea WeliZe (finansuri menejeri);

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~

(ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisas gaweuli

daxmarebisaTvis did madlobas uxdis Semdeg pirebsa da organizaciebs:

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCs riCard norlands. aseve: rob

buns, aleqsandra belenkaias, irina parSikovas, meri griers, kristi

kontaks, judiT kembels, kristin tefts, reiCel holcmans, profesor

Tomas r. oqonors, maikl terners, aleqsandre baramiZes, giorgi

giorgaZes, aron fiSmans, stiven nefs, Tamar nasariZes, gvanca saurs,

nata wnoriaSvils, tatiana pataraias, skot Torfs, kaliforniis olqis

prokurorTa asociacias, kim terners, skot burnss, erovnul saolqo

prokurorTa asociacias da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo

departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikul da samarTaldacviTi

programebis biuros (INL).

amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa (ABA ROLI), saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis sisxlis samarTlis sapro­

ceso kodeqsis Sesaxeb treningis saxelmZRvanelos Semdeg avtorebs:

baton giorgi giorgaZesa da Bbaton aleqsandre BbaramiZes.

saxelmZRvanelos is nawili, sadac saubaria amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis sasamarTlo praqtikaze, kanonmdeblobasa da precedentebze

gamoyenebulia Semdegi masalidan:

jon Sofeli `msjeloba nafic msajulTa instruqciebis Sesaxeb~

(2010), `gavrcelebuli danaSaulebi da dacvis mxaris strategia~

(2010), `bradi/kelis dava da mtkicebulebaTa gacvla~ (2010); tom

kleini da jon Sofeli `jvaredini dakiTxvis farglebis gafarToeba~

(2010), `mtkicebulebaTa gacvla dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan, mt­

kicebulebaTa gacvlis wesebi da misi darRvevis Sedegebi, sanqciebi

mtkicebulebaTa wesebis darRvevisaTvis da anazRaurebis sakiTxebi~.

aRniSnuli masalebi gamoiyeneba niu iorkis iuridiuli daxmarebis aso­

3

ciaciis nebarTviT. amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis

iniciativa gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis baton denis merfis, baton

jon Sofelsa da baton tom kleins.

saxelmZRvanelos qveTavi _ `mowmis dakiTxva­gamokiTxva: gasaTval­

iswinebeli kiTxvebi~ gamoyenebulia jon repingis statiidan `mowmis

gamokiTxva – gasaTvaliwinebeli kiTxvebi~. `amerikis iuristTa asocia­

cia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas

uxdis baton jon repings.

amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa (ABA ROLI), saqarTvelos ofisi gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis baton

ronald uolfsons winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnisaTvis gaweuli

didi Zalisxmevisa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobisaTvis.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzen aesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTalda cviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT. saxelmZRvanelo yovelTvis ar gamoxatavs `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSriso antinarkotikuli da samarTalda cviTi programebis biuros (INL) mosazrebebs.

4

In October 2010 Georgia’s new Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) took ef-fect. The Code creates a new adversarial system.

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in Georgia with assistance and funding provided by the Bureau of International narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) is working to help the citizens of Georgia have access to Justice under the new law. Among its other programs ABA ROLI Georgia has created a program for defense lawyers of the Georgian Bar Association in Criminal Procedure Code. It should be noted that as of the time of printing the editor is not aware of any completed commentaries on the Georgian CPC although it is anticipated and hoped they will be written in the near future. This Book was created by experts retained for that purpose by ABA ROLI Georgia with fund ing from The Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) for the use of Georgian Defense Lawyers. To the extent reasonably possible at the time of its printing, Georgian law and practice has been taken into consideration. The materials in this Book have been written in the Georgian Language.

The work on this book was done by the dedicated staff members of ABA ROLI Georgia:

Mamuka Mamatsashvili, Deputy Country Director Medea Matiashvili, Senior Staff Attorney Ana Loria, Senior Staff Attorney Tea Chelidze, Office/Financial Manager

ABA ROLI Georgia thanks the following persons and organizations for helping to make this Manual possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia Richard Norland, Rob Boone, Alexandra Belenkaya, Irina Parshikova, Mary Greer, Kristi Kontak, Judith Campbell, Christine Tefft, Rachel L. Holtzman, Dr. Thomas R. O’Connor, Mike Turner, Aleksandre Baramidze, Giorgi Giorgadze, Aaron Fishman, Steven Neff, Tamar Nasaridze, Gvantsa Sauri, Nata Tsnoriashvili, Tatiana Pataraia, Scott Thorpe, The California District Attorneys Association, Kim Turner, Scott Burns, The National District Attorneys Association, and the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

5

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in Georgia thanks the following authors of this book on Criminal Procedure Code:

Mr. Giorgi Giorgadze and Mr. Aleksandre Baramidze

The sections in these materials on Selected Case Law and Law and Practice Ideas excerpted from:

John Schoeffel’s “Litigating Jury Instructions (2010)”, “Common Crimes and De fenses (2010)”, “Litigating Brady/Kyles and Discovery (2010)”, and Tom Klein and John Schoeffel’s “Expanding the Scope Of Cross-Examination’(2010)”, “Discovery from the Defense, the rules for discovery from the defense and remedies for discovery errors, discovery violations sanctions and remedies” are used with permission from the Legal Aid Society of New York and with special thanks to Dennis Murphy, John Schoeffel and Tom Klein of the Legal Aid Society of New York.

The witness interview checklist contained in these materials was used with permis sion and derived from an article by John Rapping “Interviewing a Witness: Questions to Consider~. ABA ROLI Georgia thanks Mr. Rapping for the use of the article.

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) Georgia especially thanks Mr. Ronald Wolfson for his work and efforts dedicated to the creation of this manual.

© American Bar Association

This publication is provided by the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) Georgia through support and funds provided by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL). The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initia-tive) or the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

6

sarCevi

Tavi I _ terminTa ganmarteba ......................................................................................................15procesis mxaris cneba ................................................................................................... 15

braldebuli ......................................................................................................................... 15

gamomZiebeli ......................................................................................................................... 16

advokati ................................................................................................................................. 17

dazaralebuli..................................................................................................................... 17

saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis Setyobineba dazaralebulisTvis ..... 19

mtkicebulebiTi standartebi ....................................................................................20

mtkicebis standartebi ..................................................................................................20

dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti ......................................................................20

albaTobis maRali xarisxis standarti .............................................................21

gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti ............................................................................22

mowme .........................................................................................................................................22

eqsperti .................................................................................................................................23

ganaCeni, ganCineba da dadgenileba ...........................................................................24

Tavi II _ mtkicebis standartebi da mtkicebulebebi ....................................25dasabuTebuli varaudi...................................................................................................26

albaTobis maRali xarisxi .........................................................................................27

gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti ............................................................................28

Tavi III _ mtkicebuleba mtkicebuleba, mtkicebis sagani da procesi .......................................................................................................33muxli #72 _ dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba ..........................................................34

preiudicia ............................................................................................................................38

braldebulis Cveneba muxli #74 ..........................................................................40

7

muxli #75 _ mowmis Cveneba ....................................................................................41

iribi Cveneba ........................................................................................................................42

dokumentebis mtkicebulebiTi Zala da dasaSveboba...................................59

mtkicebulebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................61

mxareebs Soris mtkicebulebebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla.........65

braldebis mier informaciis moTxovna ..............................................................68

informaciis moTxovnaze dacvis uflebis SezRudva ..................................68

sruli informaciis gadacemis valdebuleba ...................................................69

braldebulisaTvis informaciis gacnobis valdebuleba ..........................70

dacvis sagamonakliso ufleba ..................................................................................70

kavSiri gamoZiebis valdebulebasa da aRmoCenas Soris ...........................71

a. niu­iorkis mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis

SemzRudavi statutis precedentuli Seswavla ...........................................72

b. informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis konstituciuri wyaroebi .............80

debatebi vrceli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis

gacvlis wesebze ................................................................................................................83

mowmis Carevis (saqmeebSi Carevis) argumenti ................................................84

saproceso dacvis saSualebebi da sanqciebi ...................................................85

moTxovna mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlaze (nimuSi) ...86

gamamarTlebeli, Seusabamo an uarmyofeli mowmeebi ...................................90

Tavi IV _ dacvis mxaris sagamoZiebo uflebamosileba ...............................97SejibrebiToba da Tanasworoba sagamoZiebo

moqmedebebis ganxorcielebisas ................................................................................ 101

gamokiTxva, saproceso kodeqsis 113­e muxli .................................................. 102

mowmis dakiTxva­gamokiTxva:

gasaTvaliswinebeli kiTxvebi ..................................................................................... 106

1. adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi ............................................ 112

I. sad? ...................................................................................................................................... 112

II. rodis? ........................................................................................................................... 113

III. ra? ..................................................................................................................................... 113

IV. rogor? ........................................................................................................................... 114

8

V. vin ra gaakeTa .............................................................................................................. 115

VI. dacvis kiTxvebis forma ....................................................................................... 115

2. dacvis kiTxvebi ........................................................................................................... 115

I. msxverplis agresiuli Tu `cudi~ xasiaTis mtkicebuleba:

(msxverplis agresiulobisadmi midrekilebis saCveneblad) .................. 116

II. mopasuxis codna msxverplis moZalade, agresiuli Tu

`cudi~ xasiaTis Sesaxeb: .............................................................................................. 117

III. msxverplsa da mopasuxes Soris manamde arsebuli

urTierToba .......................................................................................................................... 117

3. sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli ........................................... 117

I. sad? ...................................................................................................................................... 117

II. rodis? .............................................................................................................................. 118

III. ra? .................................................................................................................................. 119

IV. rogor? ........................................................................................................................... 119

4. gayalbeba .......................................................................................................................... 120

5. fotoebi ............................................................................................................................ 121

6. xelnaweris analizi .................................................................................................. 122

7. narkotikuli nivTiereba an mimdinare saqmeebi ........................................ 122

8. utyuari mowmeebi ........................................................................................................ 122

Tavi V _ ganrideba..................................................................................................................................125ganrideba arasrulwlovnis mimarT ....................................................................... 125

ganridebisa da mediaciis mTavari principebi ................................................. 131

ganrideba srulwlovnis mimarT .............................................................................. 132

ganridebis pirobebi ........................................................................................................ 135

Tavi VI _ dakaveba ....................................................................................................................................136Tavisuflebis prezumfciis idea ............................................................................. 136

iuridiuli prezumfciebis yvelaze cnobili magaliTebi ....................... 137

braldebulis statusi piris dakavebisTanave ................................................ 138

dakavebis safuZveli ........................................................................................................ 141

9

dasabuTebuli varaudi................................................................................................... 142

obieqturi piris cneba .................................................................................................. 145

dakaveba sasamarTlo ganCinebis gareSe ............................................................... 146

dakavebis uflebis mqone piri .................................................................................. 147

imuniteti dakavebisas .................................................................................................... 148

dakavebis wesi ..................................................................................................................... 150

ganmartebebi dakavebis, braldebis arsisa da uflebebis Sesaxeb ........ 150

ganmartebis gareSe dakavebis iuridiuli Sedegi ......................................... 150

policiis ganyofilebaSi miyvanis valdebuleba ............................................ 151

piradi Cxreka ...................................................................................................................... 151

janmrTelobis mdgomareobis dadgenis valdebuleba .................................. 152

dakavebis vada ...................................................................................................................... 152

dakavebis oqmi ..................................................................................................................... 152

dakavebis wesis darRvevis an oqmis Sedgenis wesis

arsebiTi darRvevis iuridiuli Sedegi .............................................................. 153

dakavebulis gaTavisuflebis safuZveli da wesi ......................................... 154

gaTavisuflebis safuZvlebi ....................................................................................... 154

vis mier unda gaTavisufldes dakavebuli piri? ......................................... 156

saxelmwifos valdebuleba aanazRauros ziani

ukanono dakavebisTvis .................................................................................................... 157

Setyobineba dakavebis, dapatimrebis an eqspertizisaTvis

samedi cino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis Sesaxeb ............................................. 157

Tavi VII _ piris braldebulad cnoba ............................................................................158piris braldebulad cnobis safuZveli .............................................................. 158

bralis wayenebis wesi ................................................................................................... 158

braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gacnoba braldebulis an

misi advokatisaTvis ........................................................................................................ 159

sagamoZiebo organoSi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi...................................... 159

imuniteti bralis wayenebisas .................................................................................. 160

10

braldebulad yofnis vada .......................................................................................... 160

saCivari sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis

Segnebulad gaWianurebis Taobaze .......................................................................... 161

Tavi VIII _ aRkveTis RonisZiebis problemuri sakiTxebi .........................162braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis sxdoma ........................ 162

Tavisuflebis prezumfcia ........................................................................................... 163

aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis miznebi da safuZveli ......................... 163

miznebi ..................................................................................................................................... 163

safuZveli .............................................................................................................................. 164

evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika sapatimro aRkveTis

RonisZiebebis safuZvlebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT ............................. 165

a) dakavebis an dapatimrebis kanoniereba: miTiTeba erovnul

kanonmdeblobaze ................................................................................................................ 165

b) specialuari niSnebis arsebobis aucilebloba ....................................... 165

g) danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebis safrTxe ................................ 166

d) saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenisaTvis xelis SeSlis

saSiS roeba ............................................................................................................................. 166

e) mimalvis safrTxe da inkriminirebuli danaSaulis simZime ............ 167

v) stereotipuli formulirebebis dauSvebloba ........................................ 167

prokuroris valdebuleba daasabuTos aRkveTis RonisZiebis

mizanSewoniloba ................................................................................................................ 168

konkretuli individualuri niSnebis gaTvaliswinebis

valdebuleba ........................................................................................................................ 169

danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadenis sakiTxis garkvevis aucilebloba .......... 170

aRkveTis RonisZiebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi..... 173

advokatis uflebis SezRudva .................................................................................. 173

a) zepiri mosmenis ufleba ......................................................................................... 176

b) axali garemoebebis Sesaxeb moTxovnis Seusabamoba

evropul konvenciasTan .................................................................................................. 179

11

evropuli sasamarTlos ganCinebebi konvenciis me­5 muxlis

darRvevebis gamo saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Setanil saCivrebze .......... 181

a) facuria saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadis nomeri:

#30779/04, ganCinebis TariRi: 2007 wlis 6 noemberi) ........................... 181

b) giorgi nikolaiSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

(ganacxadi #37048/04, ganCinebis TariRi: 2009 wlis 13 ianvari) ... 186

Tavi IX _ winasasamarTlo sxdoma.........................................................................................194winasasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebis vada ........................................................... 194

braldebulisaTvis braldebis arsis ganmarteba .......................................... 195

sasamarTlos valdebuleba, gamoarkvios,

cnobs Tu ara braldebuli Tavs damnaSaved ................................................... 195

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis

ganmarteba .............................................................................................................................. 195

Suamdgomlobebi mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Taobaze ........................... 196

dauSvebeli mtkicebulebis zogadi ganmarteba .............................................. 197

`mowamluli xis doqtrina~ ...................................................................................... 197

mtkicebuleba dauSvebelia Tu is auaresebs

braldebulis mdgomareobas........................................................................................ 198

ras niSnavs `arsebiTi darRveva~? .......................................................................... 198

wamebis, Zaladobisa da sxva ukanono qmedebebis Sedegad

mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba .......................................................... 199

mtkicebulebaTa dauSvebloba dakavebuli pirisaTvis

misi uflebebis ganumartaobis gamo .....................................................................200

braldebulis mier micemuli Cvenebis nebayofilobiTobis

Semowmeba ................................................................................................................................201

mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebisas,

romlis dro da adgili braldebulisTvis cnobili ar iyo ..............201

mtkicebulebaTa dauSvebloba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis

dawyebis Segnebulad gaWianurebis dros ...........................................................201

12

sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe Catarebuli sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba ..............202

Zaladakarguli ganCinebis safuZvelze Catarebuli sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba ..............203

gadaudebeli aucileblobisas Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moq medebis

Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba .......................................203

kanoniT dadgenili wesis darRveviT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba ..............204

Cxrekis da amoRebis akrZalva konstituciuri garantiebis

sawinaaRmdegod ...................................................................................................................204

mtkicebulebaTa damagrebis wesis darRveviT warmodgenili

mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba ......................................................................................205

mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba amocnobis wesis darRvevisas ...................206

eqspertizis daskvnis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnoba ...........................207

mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba misi warmomavlobis miuTiTeblobis

SemTxvevaSi ............................................................................................................................207

mtkicebulebaTa dauSvebloba mtkicebulebaTa gadmocemis

wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi .....................................................................................208

iZulebiTi gamokiTxvis dauSvebloba ....................................................................209

nivTieri da dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis dauSvebloba ......................210

mowmis Cvenebis rogorc mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba ..............................211

Suamdgomloba aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis,

Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb ....................................................................................213

Suamdgomloba saproceso konfiskaciis uzrunvelyofis

Taobaze da sxva Suamdgomlobebi ...........................................................................213

arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacemis sakiTxis gadawyveta .........213

saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis momzadeba........................................................216

mosamarTlis valdebulebebi, Tu saqme nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlos gansjadia .................................................................................................216

13

Tavi X – sasamarTlo ganaCenis gasaCivreba, saapelacio da sakasacio wesi .....................................................................................................................218nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganaCeni,

gasaCivrebis wesi da safuZvlebi ............................................................................218

pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mosamarTlis mier

ganxiluli saqmis Sedegad gamotanili ganaCeni ...........................................223

apelacia ..................................................................................................................................223

gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone pirebi .......................................................................223

saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada .........................................................................223

moTxovnebi saapelacio saCivris mimarT ............................................................224

saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxis gadawyveta ...........................224

saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCeni ...........................................................................225

sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva ..............................................................................225

kasacia .....................................................................................................................................226

gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone pirebi .......................................................................226

sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada .............................................................................226

moTxovnebi sakasacio saCivris mimarT ................................................................226

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxis gadawyveta ..............................227

sakasacio sasamarTlos ganaCeni ..............................................................................228

sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva ..............................................................................229

14

Tavi I _ terminTa ganmarteba

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me­3 muxli daT­mobili aqvs kodeqsSi gamoyenebul ZiriTad terminTa ganmarte bas. aRniSnuli muxlis mniSvneloba ganpirobebulia, sapro ceso ter­minTa erTgvarovani ganmartebis aucilebelobiT. ama vdroulad mocemuli muxli warmodgenas gvaZlevs saproceso kodeqsSi asaxuli siaxleebis Sesaxeb.

procesis mxaris cneba:sssk­is me­3 muxli 5. mxare _ braldebuli, msjavrdebuli, gamarTlebuli, maTi

advokati, gamomZiebeli, prokurori. 6. braldebis mxare _ gamomZiebeli, prokurori. 7. dacvis mxare _ braldebuli, msjavrdebuli, gamarTle­

buli, maTi advokati. 8. msjavrdebuli _ piri, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia sa­

samarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.

braldebulirogorc, mocemuli muxlidan Cans, axali saproceso kode­

qsiT Camoyalibebulia braldebulis erTiani cnebis definicia. gansxvavebiT Zveli saproceso kanonmdeblobisagan, romelic sx­vadasxva statuss aniWebda dacvis mxares sxvadasxva sapro ceso etapze. Kkanonmdeblis azriT, iseTi gansxvaveba `eWvmi tanils~, `braldebuls~ Tu `gansasjels~ Soris, romelic eyrdnoboda mxolod formalur dadgenilebebs anda saqmis sagamoZiebo or­ganodan sasamarTloSi gadasvlas – arsebiTi uflebrivi cvli­lebis gareSe – ar aris gamarTlebuli, gan sakuTrebiT ki axali saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul erTiani gamoZiebis siste­maSi. Sesabamisad, ̀ braldebulis~ erTian statuss, romelic aseve moicavs `eWvmitanilisa~ da `gansasjelis~ formalur niSnebs, eZleva erTaderTi dat virTva, romelic SesaZlebelia hqondes saproceso statuss – mkafiod gansazRvruli, ucvleli da efeq­

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turi uflebebi sa da valdebulebebis CamonaTvali, romelic mas rogorc procesis mxares gaaCnia mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi. piri braldebulis statusiT da Sesabamisi uflebebiT sarge­blobs mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebidan (e.i misi dakavebis an braldebulad cnobidan) pirveli instanciis sa samarTlos ganaCenis gamotanamde.

gamomZiebeli saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT gamomZiebeli aRar warmoad gens

`e.w. neitralur pirs~, romelsac Zveli saprocesi kod eqsiT Hhqonda valdebuleba Caetarebina gamoZieba yovelmxriv, srulad da obieqturad, aseve moepovebina braldebulis gama marTlebeli da mamxilebeli garemoebebi, agreTve bralde bulis pasuxismge­blobis damamZimebeli Tu Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi.

axali saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT, rogorc vxedavT, gamomZiebeli gvevlineba braldebis mxared, aRniSnuli cvli leba gamowveuli unda iyos im garemoebiT, rom kodeqsis ZiriTa­di principia mxareTa SejibrebiToba da dacvis mxa risTvis gamoZiebis Catarebis uflebis miniWeba. Sesabamisad gamomZiebeli aris saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piri, romelic uflebamosilia Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi awarmoos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZieba. gamomZiebeli valdebu lia gamoZieba awarmoos yovelmxriv, srulad da obieqturad.

rogorc vxedavT, gamomZiebels aRar aqvs valdebuleba ga­moavlinos an moipovos braldebulis gamamarTlebeli an misi pa­suxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli mtkicebulebebi. Tumca, im Sem­TxvevaSi, Tu gamomZieblis xelSi mainc aRmoCndeba bralde bulis gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebebi, man amis Sesaxeb unda acnobos dacvis mxares am ukanasknelis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi.

sssk­is muxli 83­e SesaZlo mtkicebulebaTa Taobaze in­formaciis gacvla mxareebis mier 1. sisxlis samarTlis pro­cesis nebismier stadiaze dac vis mxaris moTxovna braldebis mxaris im informaciis gac nobis Taobaze, romlis mtkicebulebad sasamarTloSi ward genasac braldebis mxare apirebs, dauyovne­bliv unda dakmayo fildes. braldebis mxare aseve valdebulia am

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nawiliT gaT valiswinebul SemTxvevaSi dacvis mxares gadasces mis xelT arsebuli gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebebi.

advokati sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan amoRebul iqna

termini `damcveli~ da misi adgili daikava advokatma.Kkod eqsi advokats ganmartavs rogorc pirs, romelic kanoniT dadgenili wesiT icavs braldebuls, msjavrdebuli da gamarTlebulis in­teresebs da uwevs maT iuridiul daxmarebas. A

advokats ufleba aqvs, am kodeqsiT dadgenil farglebSi da dadgenili wesiT gaecnos braldebis mxaris mtkicebule bebs, miiRos mtkicebulebisa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis aslebi, agreTve isargeblos braldebulis yvela uflebiT da am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva uflebebiT. advokati ver isargeblebs im uflebebiT, romlebiTac, TviT am uflebaTa bune­bidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba mxolod bral debulma isargeblos.

dazaralebulidazaralebuli _ saxelmwifo, fizikuri an iuridiuli piri,

romelsac moraluri, fizikuri Tu qonebrivi ziani mi adga uSua­lod danaSaulis Sedegad (muxli me­3).

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT dazara­lebuli aRar warmoadgens procesis (braldebis) mxares. dazara­lebulis statusi da uflebebi axleburadaa mowes rigebuli. igi aris procesis monawile. mas gaaCnia saxelm wifo braldebisagan informaciisa da konsultaciis miRebis farTo uflebebi, Tumca, aRar aqvs Zveli saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli mravali gasaCivrebisa da procesis msv lelobaSi Carevis ufleba. amasTan, dazaralebuls SeuZlia qonebrivi interesebis dacva samoqalaqo wesiT. samoqalaqo sarCelis ganxilva aRar aris damokidebuli sisxlis samarT lis saqmis Sedegze. amasTanave, saproceso kod­eqsi aRar icnobs samoqalaqo mopasuxisa da samoqalaqo mosar­Celis cnebebs.

rogorc aRvniSne, dazaralebuli aRar warmoadgens pro­cesis mxares, igi mxolod mowmis statusiT sargeblos. aRniS­

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nuli garemoeba garkveulwilad SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis saxeebTan. mogex­senebaT, rom dazaralebuli Zveli saproceso kanonmde blobiT warmoadgenda subsidiur bralmdebels, anu mas SeeZlo gaesaCivre­bina sasamarTlos ganaCeni aseve gamoeTqva sakuTari mosazrebebi SesaZlo sasjelis simZimesTan dakavSirebiT da a.S. axali sap­roceso kodeqsi ki AaRiarebs mxolod saja ro sisxlissamarT­lebriv devnas, anu kanonmdebelma kodeqsSi gamoxata neba, rom braldeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze mxolod saxelmwifos eqskluziuri uflebamosilebaa.

amasTan, kanonmdebeli dazaralebulis saproceso ufle bebis Sekvecis dabalansebas Seecada, misTvis braldebisagan informa­ciisa da konsultaciis miRebis uflebebis miniWebiT.

kerZod, dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs: a) icodes braldebulisaTvis wardgenili braldebis arsi; b) sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas da sasjelis

Sefardebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo sxdomaze misces Cveneba zia nis Sesaxeb, romelic mas miadga;

g) ufasod miiRos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis (ganCinebis), ganaCenis, sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis asli;

d) miiRos procesSi monawileobis Sedegad gaweuli xar­jebis anazRaureba;

e) daibrunos gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros saqmis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT CamorTmeuli, misi kuTvnili qoneba;

v) moiTxovos dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyeneba, Tu safrTxe emuqreba rogorc mis, ise misi axlo naTesavis an ojaxis wevris sicocxles, janmrTelobas an/da sakuTrebas;

z) miiRos ganmarteba Tavisi ufleba­movaleobebis Sesaxeb; T) isargeblos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva ufle­

bebiT (muxli 57­e). braldebis mxares aseve ekisreba dazaralebulis winas wari

informirebis da ganmartebis valdebuleba. 1. prokurorma dazaralebuls winaswar unda Seatyobinos

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Semdegi saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis adgili da dro: a) braldebulis pirveli wardgena magistrat mosamarTlesTan; b) winasasamarTlo sxdoma; g) sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma; d) sa­samarTlo sxdoma sasjelis Sefardebis Sesaxeb; e) saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo sxdoma.

2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi aRniSnuli informacia dazara­lebuls werilobiT unda gadaeces, garda im SemTx vevisa, rode­sac sxvagvari saSualebiT gadacema gonivrulia mocemul gare­moebebSi da sakmaris dros iZleva Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

3. prokurori valdebulia Seatyobinos dazaralebuls sap­roceso SeTanxmebis dadeba.

dazaralebulis uflebebi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT Semoifargleba mxolod proku rors dadgenilebis erTjeradad gasaCivrebiT zemdgom proku rorTan.

1. gamoZiebis an/da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyve­tis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs prokurori dadgenilebiT. es dadgenileba sasamarTloSi ar saCivrdeba. igi dazaralebulma SeiZleba erTjeradad gaasaCivros zemdgom prokurorTan.

2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb ecnobeba braldebuls, mis advokats da dazaralebuls (muxli 106­e). dazaralebulTan konsultaciis gavlis valdebuleba:

braldebis mxares dazaralebulTan konsultaciis gavla evaleba ganridebisa da saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SemTx­vevaSi. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom braldeba valdebulia gaiz­iaros dazaralebulis pozicia.

ganridebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde prokurori konsultacias gadis dazaralebulTan (aseTis arsebobis Sem­TxvevaSi). (muxli #168, me­3).

saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis Setyobineba dazaralebulisTvis saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebamde prokurori valdebulia

gaiaros konsultacia dazaralebulTan da Seatyobinos mas sap­roceso SeTanxmebis dadeba.

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dazaralebuls ufleba ara aqvs gaasaCivros saproceso Se­Tanxmeba. saproceso SeTanxmeba dazaralebuls ar arTmevs ufle­bas, Seitanos samoqalaqo sarCeli (muxli #217).

mtkicebulebiTi standartebi adre moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis erT­

erT arsebiT naklovanebas warmoadgenda mtkicebis mkaf iod gansaz­Rvruli standartebis ararseboba. amis sapirispi rod, saproceso kodeqsSi Camoyalibebulia mtkicebulebisa da mtkicebis wesebis axleburi da martivi sistema, romelic eyrdnoba ZiriTad mtice­biT standartebs – dasabuTebuli varaudis, maRali albaTobis xarisxisa da gonivrul eWvs miRma (utyuari mtkicebulebis) standartebs. piris mimarT devnis dawyebisa da braldebis ward­genisaTvis, aseve aRkveTis RonisZiebisas gamoyeneba dasabuTebuli varaudis stand arti. maRali albaTobis standartis moTxovnebis dacvisas SesaZlebelia arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis sasamarTloSi saqmis warmarTva. bolos, gonivrul eWvs miRma unda damtkicdes piris braleuloba konkretuli danaSaulis CadenaSi – anu es aris gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis standarti, romlis miuRw evlobis SemTxvevaSi piri unda gamarTldes.

mtkicebis standartebi axal kodeqsSi Camoyalibebulia mtkicebis xarisxis Tval­

sazrisiT sami erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli mtkicebis stan darti, romelTagan TiToeuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxvadasxva stadiaze gamoiyeneba. es standartebia:

• dasabuTebuli varaudi; • albaTobis maRali xarisxi; • gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti,

dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti axali kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­11 nawili „dasabuTebul

varauds~ ganmartavs, rogorc `faqtebis an informaciis erTo­blioba, romelic mo cemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoe­baTa erTo bliobiT daakmayofilebda obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskv­

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na piris mier danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena, am kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebisTvis an/da aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisT vis gaTvaliswinebuli mtkice­bulebiTi standarti.

rogorc vxedavT, mtkicebis procesis dros yuradRebis gamaxvileba xdeba e.w. `obieqtur pirze~, hipoTezur gonier ada­mianze, romelic process miukerZoeblad, samarTlianad, obieq­turad da yovelgvari interesTa konfliqtis gareSe udgeba.

es standarti gamoiyeneba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis daw­yebis stadiaze, rodesac pirs unda waredginos braldeba, mis mimarT unda Catardes garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi da gam­oyenebul unda iqnes garkveuli aRkveTis RonisZieba. mtkicebis xarisxiT samidan es yvelaze dabali xarisxis standartia.

albaTobis maRali xarisxis standarti axali kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­12 nawili „albaTobis maRal

xarisxs~ ganmartavs, rogorc – winasasamarTlo sxdomaze saq­mis arsebiTad gansaxilvelad gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mosamarTlis saxelmZRvanelo standarti, romelic eyrdnoba sxdomaze warmodgenil urTierTSeTavsebad da dama­jerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas da sakmarisia varaudis maRali xarisxisaTvis, rom mocemul saqmeze gamotanil iqneba gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. (14.06.2013. N741)

rogorc ganmartebidan Cans, albaTobis maRali xarisxis standarti gamoiyeneba winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, rodesac sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ganixileba warmodgenil mtkicebule baTa dasaSvebobis sakiTxi da arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadace­mis dasaSvebobis sakiTxi.

saqme arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis dasaSvebia mxolod im Sem­TxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo darwmundeba, rom braldebis mxaris mier wardgenili mtkicebulebebi albaTobis maRali xarisx iT iZleva safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom danaSauli am pir ma Caid­ina. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle valdebulia ganCinebiT Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. Aaqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom winasasamarTlo

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sxdoma da albaTobis maRali standarti gvev lineba erTgvar filtrad, romlis gavlis Semdegac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ufro metad mosalodnelia, rom dadgeba gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.

gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti axali kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­13 nawili „gonivrul eWvs

miRma~ standarts ganmartavs. rogorc `sasamarTlos mier gama­mtyunebeli ganaCenis gamot anisaTvis saWiro mtkicebuleba­Ta erToblioba, ro melic obieqtur pirs daarwmunebda piris braleulo baSi.~ es aris mtkicebis yvelaze maRali standarti, romelic mxolod gamamtyunebeli ganaCenisTvis gamoiyeneba.

rogorc vxedavT, aqac mtkicebis procesisas yuradRebis gamaxvileba xdeba ara mosamarTleze an mis „Sinagan rwmenaze~, aramed obieqtur pirze, romelic aris miukerZoebeli, obieq­turi da samarTliani damkvirvebeli.

gonivrul eWvs miRma niSnavs, rom obieqtur pirs araviTari eWvi ar unda eparebodes imaSi, rom braldebulma danaSauli Caidina. nebismieri eWvi, romelic SeiZleba arsebobdes bral­debulis mier danaSaulis Cadenis faqtis mimarT, unda gaxdes braldebulis gamarTlebis safuZveli.

mtkicebulebiTi standartebis Sesaxeb ufro detalurad qvemoT gveqneba saubari.

ØMmowme

20. mowme _ piri, romelmac SeiZleba icodes sisxlis samar­Tlis saqmis garemoebaTa dasadgenad saWiro monacemi. piri mowmis statussa da ufleba­movaleobebs iZens sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze gafrTxilebisa da ficis dadebis Sem­deg.

24. mowmis Cveneba _ mowmis mier sasamarTloSi micemuli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.

rogorc vxedavT, piri mowmis status iZens sisxlissa­marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb gafrTxilebisa da sa­samarTloSi ficis dadebis Semdeg.

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saproceso kodeqsis siaxles warmoadgens is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlo gamoZiebis prioritetisa da SejibrebiTobis piro­bebSi sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaze gakeTe buli aqcentis gaTvaliswinebiT, garkveuli gamonaklisiT gau qmebulia gamoZiebis dros mowmis mier Cvenebis micemis saval debulooba. amasTan, nebayoflobiToba, romelic warmoadgens erT­erT mTavar garants piris uflebebis xelyofisagan, ar vrceldeba sasamarT­los mier mowmis gamoZaxebasa da mxaree bis mier sasamarTloSi mis dakiTxvaze. amiT aqcenti isev da isev gadatanilia sasamarT­los winaSe miRebuli mtkice bulebis mniSvnelobaze. ra Tqma unda, gamomZiebels, proku rors, advokats SeuZlia nebismieri pirisagan, nebayoflobiT safuZvelze, informaciis miReba Cad­enili danaSaulis Sesaxeb, magram amgvari nebayoflobiTi gamok­iTxvis Sedegad mopove buli informacia ar miiReba saqmis arse­biTi ganxilvis dros rogorc mtkicebuleba. mowme valdebulia, gamocxaddes da misces Cveneba mxolod sasamarTloSi.

SeniSvna: 2015 wlis 31 dekembramde moqmedebs mowmis da­kiTxvis Zveli wesi.

Eeqsperti

21. eqsperti _ specialuri codnis, Cvevebisa da gamoc­dilebis mqone fizikuri piri, romelic am kodeqsiT dadge nili wesiT, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saWiro gamokvlevis Casatare­blad da daskvnis Sesadgenad miwveulia mxaris an mx aris Sua­mdgomlobiT sasamarTlos mier. garda amisa, eqsperti mxareebsa da sasamarTlos daxmarebas uwevs mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenaSi, gamokvlevasa da demonstrirebaSi.

saproceso kodeqsi gvTavazobs eqspertis cnebis axlebur gagebas. kerZod, eqsperti, gansxvavebiT adre moqmedi sapro ceso kanonmdeblobidan, SeiZleba iyos nebismieri fizikuri piri, romelsac gaaCnia specialuri codna, Cvevebi da gamoc dileba mecnierebis, teqnikis, xelovnebis, xelobis dargSi an nebismier sxva sferoSi da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze mi wveulia mx­aris an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos mier. Sesabamisad, eqsperts aRar moeTxoveba, rom hqondes raime spe cialuri li­

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cenzia an muSaobdes romelime saeqsperto dawese bulebaSi. garda amisa, eqspertis cneba aseve moicavs special istsac, romelic mxareebsa da sasamarTlos daxmarebas uwevs mtkicebulebaTa aR­moCenaSi, gamokvlevasa da demonstrirebaSi. rogorc vxedavT, axali saproceso kodeqsi gvTavazobs eqspertis ufro farTo cnebas, vidre es aqamde iyo.

ganaCeni, ganCineba da dadgenilebaaxali saproceso kodeqsiT Semcirda da Sesabamisad ga­

martivda im saproceso aqtebis CamonaTvali, romelTa miRebac xdeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis mimdinareobisas.

gansxvavebiT adre moqmedi saproceso kodeqsisgan, romlis mixedviTac xSirad Zneli iyo garkveva Tu romeli organos, Tu Tanamdebobis piris mier rodis romeli saproceso doku menti miiReboda, axali saproceso kodeqsi gvTavazobs Semdeg CamonaT­vals:

ganaCeni _ pirveli instanciis, saapelacio an sakasacio sa­samarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic braldebuls cnobs damna­Saved danaSaulis CadenaSi an amarTlebs mas.

ganCineba _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganaCenisa da gank­argulebis garda) nebismier sakiTxze.

dadgenileba gamomZieblis, prokuroris gadawyvetileba nebi­smier sakiTxze.

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Tavi II _ mtkicebis standartebi da mtkicebulebebi

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi age­bulia SejibrebiTobis, sajaroobis, mxareTa Tanasworobis, mt­kicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevisa da sxva principebze. kodeq­sis mizania, sayovelaTod xelmisawvdomi, swrafi, efeq turi da samarTliani marTlmsajulebis sistemis Seqmna.

kodeqsma Camoayaliba mtkicebulebisa da mtkicebis wesebis axleburi sistema, romelic eyrdnoba dasabuTebuli varaudis, albaTobis maRali xarisxisa da gonivrul eWvs miRma (mtkice­bulebis) standartebs.

kodeqsiT mTavari aqcenti keTdeba SejibrebiTobis prin cipze dayrdnobiT Ria sasamarTlo gamoZiebis pirobebSi ganx ilul mt­kicebulebaze.

saproceso kodeqsSi Camoyalibebulia mtkicebis xarisx­is TvalsazrisiT sami erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli mtkicebis standarti, romelTagan TiToeuli sisxlis samarTlis proce­sis sxvadasxva stadiaze gamoiyeneba. aRniSnuli standartebis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis gareSe SeuZlebelia procesis Sem­dgomi ganviTareba.

mtkicebulebiTi standartebis mniSvneloba damaxasiaTebe lia saerTo samarTlis qveynebisaTvis da pirdapir gamomdi nareobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiTobis pric nipidan. Seji­brebiTi procesis principi, ganxvavebiT adre moqmedi obieqturi WeSmaritebis dadgenis principisgan, gu lisxmobs WeSmaritebis dadgenas mxareebs Soris davis gziT. aRniSnul davaSi braldebis mxares gaaCnia piris braleulo bis mtkicebis tvirTi. mtkice­bulebiTi standartebi, proce sis sxvadasxva stadiaze, gansaz­Rvraven mtkicebis tvirTis `simZimes~ da romelime maTganis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, sisxlisamarTlebrivi devna ver gagrZeldeba.

rogorc aRvniSne, TiToeuli mtkicebulebiTi standarti konkretul saproceso stadiasTan aris dakavSirebuli da miznad isaxavs piris mimarT arsebuli braldebis safuZv lianobis dad­

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genas. Sesabamisad, konkretuli mtkicebulebiTi standartis dakmayofileba braldebis mxaris valdebulebaa. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal­calke.

dasabuTebuli varaudi aRniSnuli standarti gamoiyeneba sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis dawyebis stadiaze, rodesac pirs unda waredginos bral­deba, mis mimarT unda Catardes garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmede­bebi da mis mimarT gamoyenebul unda iqnes garkveuli aRkveTis RonisZieba.

pirveli mtkicebulebiTi stadarti aris `dasabuTebuli varaudis~ stadarti. aRniSnuli standarti gamoiyeneba mx olod sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis stadiaze. aRniSnul sta diaze xde­ba informaciis mopoveba danaSaulisa da bralde bulis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, is SedarebiT naklebi sirTulis mqone da mtkicebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze dabali standartia.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­11 nawili dasabuTebul varauds ganmartavs, rogorc `faqtebis an informaciis erToblioba, romelic mo cemuli sisxlis samarT­lis saqmis garemoebaTa erTobliobiT daakmayofilebda obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskv na piris mier danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena, am kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebisTvis an/da aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebi sTvis gaT­valiswinebuli mtkicebulebiTi standarti.

aRniSnuli normis ganmartebidan gamomdinareobs, rom aucile­belia faqtebis an informaciis arseboba, romelic da kavSirebulia danaSaulis savaraudo CadenasTan. kodeqsi ar akonkretebs Tu ra saxis informaciasTan SeiZleba gvqondes saqme, Sesabamisad, es SeiZleba iyos nebismieri informacia, romelic SeiZleba mtkice­bulebad iqnes gamoyenebuli sa samarTloSi;

rogorc vxedavT, mtkicebis procesis dros yuradRebis gamax­vileba xdeba e.w. `obieqtur pirze~, obieqtur damk virvebelze, anu saSualo, `zogadstatistikur~ adamianze, romelsac ar gaaC­nia iuridiuli ganaTleba an saqmis garemoe bebis codna; gonieri adamiani, romelic process miukerZoe blad, samarTlianad, obi­

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eqturad da yovelgvari interesTa konfliqtis gareSe udgeba. es niSnavs, rom gamomZiebeli, prokurori Tu sasamarTlo,

dasabuTebuli varaudis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas, mas unda mi­udgnen obieqturad da yovelgvari profesiuli Tu piradi mik­erZoebis gareSe.

rogorc aRvniSne, mtkicebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT, mo­cemuli standarti yvelaze dabali standartia, Sesabamis ad, daskvna danaSaulis savaraudo Cadenaze ar niSnavs, rom gamor­icxuli unda iqnes yovelgvari eWvi.

dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti aseve vrceldeba sisxlis­samarTlebrivi devnis stadiis sxva saproceso moq medebebze, ro­goricaa sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi, kerZod, Cxreka, amoReba da aRkveTis RonisZiebebi.

albaTobis maRali xarisxi aRniSnuli standarti gamoiyeneba saqmis winasasamarTlo sx­

domaze ganxilvisaTvis da misi moqmedebac, Sesabamisad, pro cesis am stadiiT Semoifargleba. albaTobis maRali xarisx is standar­tis mizani aris, braldebis mxarem daarwmunos sasamarTlo, rom saqme mzad aris arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis da rom sasamarTlo xelisuflebis resursebi ar daixarjeba iseT saqmeze, romelsac gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT dasrulebis naklebi perspeqtiva aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom winasasamarTlo sxdoma da albaTobis maRali standarti gvevlineba erTgvar filtrad, romlis gavlis Sem degac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ufro metad mosalodnelia, rom dadgeba gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. axali saproceso kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­12 nawili „al­baTobis maRal xarisxs~ ganmartavs, rogorc – winasasamarT­lo sxdomaze saqmis arsebiTad gansaxilvelad gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mosamarTlis saxelmZRvanelo stan­darti, romelic eyrdnoba sxdomaze warmodgenil urTierTSe­Tavsebad da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas da sak­marisia varaudis maRali xarisxisaTvis, rom mocemul saqmeze gamotanil iqneba gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. (14.06.2013. N741)

rogorc ganmartebidan Cans, albaTobis maRali xarisxis

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standarti gamoiyeneba winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, rodesac sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ganixileba warmodgenil mtkicebule baTa dasaSvebobis sakiTxi da arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadace­mis dasaSvebobis sakiTxi.

saqme arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis dasaSvebia mxolod im Sem­TxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo darwmundeba, rom braldebis mxaris mier wardgenili mtkicebulebebi albaTobis maRali xarisx iT iZleva safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom danaSauli am pir ma Caid­ina. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle valdebulia ganCinebiT Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.

mocemuli standartis arsi aris gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis maRali albaToba. `maRali~ ar gulisxmobs, rom gama­mtyunebeli ganaCenis dadgoma aris aucileblad gardu vali da `yovelgvari eWvis gamomricxavi~.

gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti axali kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­13 nawili „gonivrul eWvs

miRma~ standarts ganmartavs, rogorc `sasamarTlos mier gama­mtyunebeli ganaCenis gamot anisaTvis saWiro mtkicebuleba­Ta erToblioba, ro melic obieqtur pirs daarwmunebda piris braleulo baSi.~

mocemuli muxli pirdapir adgens, rom piris mimarT gama­mtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanisaTvis sasamarTlo unda dar­wmundes, rom braldebam gonivruli eWvis gamomricxvel mt­kicebulebaTa erTobliobiT daadastura piris braleuloba. Sesabamisad, mTeli aqcenti swored eWvis xarisxze aris ga­datanili. gonivruli eWvis zustad gansazRvra uaRresad rTu­lia. gonivruli eWvi aris eWvi, romelic damyarebulia gonebasa da saR azrze da ar aris damnaSaveobis ubralo albaToba. gonivruli eWvi aris iseTi eWvi, romelic gonier adamians aiZu­lebs, daeWvdes ama Tu im qmedebisas. Sesabamisad, gonivrul eWvs miRma mdgomi mtkicebuleba unda iyos imdenad damajerebeli, rom gonierma adamianma SeZlos masze dayrdnoba da mis mixedviT moqmedeba. Sesabamisad, Tu adamians, romelic wyvets piris msja­vrdebis sakiTxs, darCeba eWvi braldebu lis mimarT wardgenili

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mtkicebulebis arasakmarisobaze an arasandoobaze imgvarad, rom mas araviTari subieqturi azri ara aqvs arc braldebis da arc dacvis interesebis mxriv, man ar unda miiRos gadawyvetileba piris braleulobaze da unda gaamarTlos braldebuli. magram Tu darCenili eWvi aragonivrulia da ar aris nakarnaxevi saqmis garemoebaTa mi ukerZoebeli SefasebiT, amgvari eWvi ver daedeba safuZvlad gamamarTlebel ganaCens. sisxlis samarTlis sapro­ceso kodeqsis me­13 muxlis Tanaxmad~:

1. mtkicebulebas ara aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala. 2. braldebulis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba misi braleu­

lobis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebiT, sakma risi ar aris mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamosatanad. gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni unda efuZnebodes mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul, aSkara da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas, romelic gonivrul eWvs miRma adasturebs piris braleulobas.

rogorc vxedavT, mocemuli muxli ufro metad akonkretebs wina debulebaSi moyvanil mtkicebis zogad standarts gamam­tyunebeli ganaCenis gamosatanad. kerZod, braldebulis aRi areba ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, raTa mis mimarT gamam tyunebeli ga­naCeni dadges. ganaCenis gamosatanad braldebu lis aRiareba unda iyos dadasturebuli saqmeSi arsebuli sxva mtkicebulebebiT. Tu piris aRiarebas saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi ewinaaRm­degeba, aRiareba mxedvelobaSi ar mi iReba. Tundac piri aRiareb­des danaSauls da amgvari aRi arebis nebayoflobiToba eWvs ar iwvevdes, mosamarTle orive SemTxvevaSi valdebulia Seamowmos, Tu ramdenad dasabuTebu lia amgvari aRiareba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebiT.

amas garda, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni unda emyarebodes mxo lod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul, aSkara da damajerebel mtkice bulebaTa erTobliobas, romelic gonivrul eWvs miRma adas turebs piris braleulobas. anu, Tu saqmeSi ramdenime mtkice bulebaa mtkice­bulebis Semfasebeli erTian gadawyvetilebamde unda midiodes. Tu mtkicebulebebs Soris urTierTwinaaRmde gobaa da amgvari winaaRmdegobis damajereblad dasabuTeba procesze SeuZlebelia, ver iqneba gamoricxuli gonivruli eWvi piris udanaSaulobis Taobaze da is Sesabamisad unda gamarTldes.

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sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis sta­diaze mxareebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad moipoveben ̀ mtkice­bulebebs~, amasTan, unda iTqvas, rom winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis etapze mxareTa mier mopovebul masalebs, infor macias mxolod pirobiTad SeiZleba ewodos `mtkicebuleba~, radganac, kodeqsis mixedviT, mxareTa mier mopovebuli ma salebi, informacia mxolod mas Semdeg iZens mtkicebulebis mniSvnelobas, rodesac moxdeba mxareTa mier am masalebis, informaciis wardgena sasamarTloSi.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me­3 muxlis Tanaxmad, mtkicebuleba aris kanoniT dadgenili wesiT sasamarTloSi wardgenili informacia, am informaci is Semcveli sagani, dokumenti, nivTiereba an sxva obieqti, romlis safuZvel­zedac mxareebi sasamarTloSi adastureben an uaryofen faqtebs, samarTlebrivad afaseben maT, asrule ben movaleobebs, icaven Ta­vianT uflebebsa da kanonier in teresebs, xolo sasamarTlo adgens, arsebobs Tu ara faqti an qmedeba, romlis gamoc xor­cieldeba sisxlis samarTlis procesi, Caidina Tu ara es qmedeba garkveulma pirma, dam naSavea Tu ara igi, agreTve garemoebebs, romlebic gavlenas axdens braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis xa­siaTsa da xarisxze, axasiaTebs mis pirovnebas. dokumenti mt­kicebulebaa, Tu is Seicavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqto­brivi da samarT lebrivi garemoebebis dasadgenad saWiro cnobas. dokumentad iTvleba nebismieri wyaro, romelSic informacia aRbeWdilia sityvier­niSnobrivi formiT an/da foto­, kino­, video­, bger isa Tu sxva Canaweris saxiT, an sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT. mocemuli muxli exeba mtkicebulebis gansazRvrebas sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis miznebi­saTvis, aseve gansazRvravs mtkicebis sagans. am muxlis mTavari arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mtkiceb uleba mxolod sasamarTlo­saTvis wardgenili informaciaa da, Sesabamisad, winasasamarTlo etapze mtkicebulebis mopoveba da saproceso damagreba ar xdeba. mTvari aq is principia, rom amgvari informaciis mtkicebulebad gadaqceva mxolod sasamarTloSi wardgenis gziT xdeba.

procesis monawilisaTvis, am SemTxvevaSi, ar gaaCnia gad­amwyveti mniSvneloba mis mier an misgan mopovebuli informa cia

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formalurad `mtkicebulebas~ warmoadgens Tu ara; mTa vari aris konkretul saproceso moqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli normebis moTxovnaTa Sesruleba. sasamarTloSi wardgenis mo mentidan in­formacia mtkicebulebis statuss avtomaturad iZens.

saproceso kodeqsi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobis sakiTx is gadawyvetas mxolod sasamarTlos miandobs. aRniSnuli principi miuTiTebs, rom `mtkicebulebad~ iTvleba mxolod sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros, procesis nebismier stadiaze warmodgenili da gamokvleuli informacia. Sesabamisad, nebis mieri informacia, romelic braldebisa da dacvis mxares gaaC nia da ar iqna ward­genili mosamarTlis winaSe, formalurad `mtkicebulebad~ ver CaiTvleba.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me­14 muxlis mixed­viT _ mtkicebulebis gamokvleva uSualod da zepirad unda moxdes.

1. sasamarTlos (nafic msajulebs) ar unda waredginos mt­kicebuleba, Tu mxareebs misi uSualod da zepirad gamokv levis Tanabari SesaZlebloba ar hqoniaT, garda am kodeqsiT gaTval­iswinebuli gamonaklisisa.

2. mxares ufleba aqvs, sasamarTloSi moiTxovos mowmis uSualod dakiTxva da waradginos sakuTari mtkicebuleba.

aRniSnuli ganamtkicebs im princips, rom mtkicebule bas mxolod is informacia warmoadgens, romelic sasamarT loSi aris warmodgenili da sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa mier aris gamokvleuli. amasTan, es debuleba mtkicebule baTa `uSualod da zepirad~ gamokvlevas moiTxovs. es mniSvnelovania, vinaidan procesis SejibrebiTi sistema damyare bulia mxareTa mier sa­samarTlosaTvis maqsimaluri odenobis informaciis uSualod miwodebaze sasamarTlo ganxilvis pi robebSi. am mxriv informa­cia mosamarTles, Tu es obieqtu rad SeuZlebeli ar aris, unda waredginos zepiri formiT. magaliTad, am principis erT­erTi gamovlineba aris eqspertis werilobiT daskvnaze eqspertis Se­sabamisi Cvenebis miRebis savaldebulooba, anu eqspertma zepirad unda waradginos sa kuTari mosazrebebi sasamarTlo procesis dros mis werilobiT daskvnaSi asaxuli sakiTxebis Taobaze.

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yvela mowmis Cveneba zepirad unda iqnes miRebuli, garda gansa­kuTrebuli SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es obieqturad SeuZlebelia. nivTieri mtkicebuleba unda gamoqveyndes sasamarTlo sxdomaze zepiri formiT da, Tu SesaZlebelia, misi demonstrirebiT.

mtkicebulebis uSualod da zepirad gamokvlevis prin cipis erT­erT gamoxatulebas warmoadgens arsebiTi sxdomis mosamar­TlisTvis, msajulTaTvis saqmis masalebTan raime wi naswari Sexebis akrZalva. mosamarTles, msajulebs ar gadae cema saq­mis masalebi da is Sesabamisad iZulebulia mxareebisa gan uSua­lod miiRos informacia saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa Sesaxeb da moisminos mowmeTa Cvenebebi. Tumca dRes moqmedi praqtikis mixedviT, mosamarTleebs xeli miuwvdebaT poli cies mier Sed­genil dokumentebze, aseve winaswar gamoZiebaSi micemul mow­meTa Cvenebebis eleqtronul versiaze. me­14 muxlis pirveli nawili aseve adgens, rom arse buli wesidan gamonaklisi kanoniT, anu kodeqsiT aris dadge nili. amgvar gamonakliss warmoadgens kodeqsis 243­e muxli, romlis mixedviTac, 1. gamoZiebis dros mowmis deponirebuli Cvenebis sasamarTlo sxdomaze sajarod wakiTxva, aseve misi Cvenebis audio an video Canaweris mosmena (demonstrireba) dasaSvebia, Tu mowme gardaicvala, ar imyofeba saqarTveloSi, misi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia an amowurulia misi sasamarT loSi warmodgenis yvela gonivruli SesaZlebloba da Cveneba micemulia am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.

saproceso kodeqsis me­14 muxlis me­2 nawili ayalibebs mx­aris uflebas, moiTxovos sasamarTloSi sakuTari mowmis dakiTx­va. es miiRweva rogorc nebismier sasamarTlo sxdomaze sakuTari mowmeebis warmodgenis zogadi movaleobiT, aseve rogorc mow­meTa siaSi sakuTar mowmeTa CarTvis moTxovnis uflebamosile­biT. arc mosamarTles da arc sapirispiro mxares am mxriv ar gaaCnia raime saxis Zalaufleba, romelic mxares aukrZalavda am uflebis ganxorcielebas. me­3 nawili aseve akonkretebs pirvel nawilSi moyvanil uSualobis princips. sasamarTlos, am deb­ulebis SinaarsiT, gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeuZlia mxolod mis winaSe – an sxva sasamarTlos winaSe – mxareTa monawileo­biT gamokv leul mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze.

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Tavi III _ mtkicebuleba mtkicebuleba, mtkicebis sagani da procesi1

mogexsenebaT, rom 1999 wlis redaqciis saproceso kod eqsis 111­e muxli detalurad CamoTvlida im garemoebebs, ra SemTx­vevaSic mtkicebuleba miiCneoda dauSveblad, kerZod,

1. `mtkicebuleba~ dauSveblad miiCneva, Tu igi miRebulia: a) im Tanamdebobis piris an organos mier, romelic ufle

bamosili ar aris Sekribos mtkicebulebani am saqmeze; b) kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli wyarodan; g) kanoniT dadgenili wesis darRveviT, agreTve Zalado bis,

muqaris, motyuebis, SantaJis, pirovnebis abuCad agdebis an sxva ukanono meTodis gamoyenebiT;

d) pirisagan, romelmac daarRvia kanoni an romelsac ar SeuZlia miuTiTos, ra wyarodan, sad, rodis da rogor gamov­linda mis mier warmodgenili monacemebi.

1. braldebis mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobisa da dacvis mt­kicebulebaTa dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralm­debels.

2. mtkicebuleba dauSveblad miiCneva procesis mwarmoe­beli organos dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT).

3. dauSveblad miCneuli mtkicebuleba amoiReba sisxlis samarTlis saqmidan da inaxeba procesis mwarmoebeli orga nos kancelariaSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Senaxvis vadis ganmav­lobaSi;

1 saxelmZRvanelos is nawili, sadac saubaria amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTlo praqtikaze, kanonmdeblobasa da precedentebze amoRebu­lia Semdegi masalidan: jon Sofeli `msjeloba nafic msajulTa instuqciebis Sesaxeb~ (2010), `gavrcelebuli danaSaulebi da dacvis mxaris strategia~ (2010), `bradi/kelis dava da mtkicebulebaTa gacvla~ (2010); tom kleini da jon Sofeli `jvaredini dakiTxvis farglebis gafarToeba~ (2010), `mtkiceb­ulebaTa gacvla dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan, mtkicebulebaTa gacvlis wesebi da misi darRvevis Sedegebi, sanqciebi mtkicebulebaTa wesebis darRvevisaTvis da anazRaurebis sakiTxebi~. aRniSnuli masalebi gamoiyeneba niu iorkis iurid­iuli daxmarebis asociaciis nebarTviT. amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis baton denis merfis, baton jon Sofelsa da baton tom kleins.

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4. dauSveblad miCneuli braldebis mtkicebuleba SeiZle ba daSvebul iqnes dacvis SuamdgomlobiT.~

axali saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxli dauSvebeli mt­kicebulebis cnebis irgvliv mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebul normebs Seicavs.

muxli #72 _ dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba1. am kodeqsis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebuli mtkiceb uleba

da amgvari mtkicebulebis safuZvelze kanonierad mop ovebuli sxva mtkicebuleba, Tu is auaresebs braldebulis samarTlebriv mdgomareobas, dauSvebelia da iuridiuli Zala ar gaaCnia.

2. mtkicebuleba aseve dauSvebelia, Tu igi mopovebulia am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesis dacviT, magram uaryofili ar aris gonivruli eWvi misi SesaZlo gamocvlis, misi niSan­Tvisebebis arsebiTi Secvlis an masze darCenili kvalis ar sebiTi gaqrobis Sesaxeb.

3. braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa da dac vis mxaris mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels.

4. mxare valdebulia sasamarTlos miawodos informacia sa­kuTari mtkicebulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.

5. mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobis sakiTxs wyvets sa­samarTlo. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba dasabuTebuli inda iyos.

6. dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad dae dos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas.~

rogorc vxedavT, nacvlad imisa, rom CamoTvalos dauS­vebeli mtkicebulebis saxeobebi, axali kodeqsi dauSvebeli mt­kicebulebis zogad cnebas gvTavazobs.

72­e muxlis pirveli nawili bevr sakiTxs Riad tovebs. pirvelive winadadeba saubrobs kanonis `arsebiTi darRveviT~ mopovebul mtkicebulebaze, xolo kiTxvas, Tu ra SeiZleba iyos kanonis arsebiTi darRveva, saproceso kodeqsi upasuxod tovebs.

Fformulireba `arsebiTi darRveva~ sakmaod farTo in­terpretaciis SesaZleblobas iZleva da am debulebis mTavar

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mizans SesaZloa warmoadgendes sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoya­libeba.

amasTan, mtkicebulebis mopovebis wesis arsebiT Tu ara­arsebiT darRvevaze ramodenime magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZle beli, romlebic sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa:

1. kanonis araarsebiT darRvevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos sap­roceso dokumentebis Sedgenisa Tu Sevsebis dros daSvebuli teqnikuri xasiaTis uneblie Secdomebi, Tu isini procesis monawilis, maT Soris mxaris, mdgomareobas ar cvlis imgvarad, rom am Secdomis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi sxva gadawyvetileba iqneboda miRebuli.

2. kanonis arsebiT darRvevad unda CaiTvalos im sagamoZie­bo moqmedebis Catareba, romlis CatarebisTvisac aucilebelia mosamarTlis ganCineba, aseTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.

3. kanonis arsebiT darRvevad unda CaiTvalos aseve, Tu uSualod dairRva braldebulis uflebebi.

4. mtkicebuleba yovelTvis CaiTvleba kanonis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebulad, Tu misi mopovebisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqna kanoniT akrZaluli iZuleba, wameba, daSineba da sxva saxis zemoqmedeba.

5. mtkicebuleba kanonis arsebiTi darRveviT aris mopove­buli, Tu misi mopoveba moxda danaSaulis Cadenis gziT an da­naSaulis Sedegad.

saboloo jamSi, Tu ra CaiTvleba an ar CaiTvleba kodeq­sis „arsebiT darRvevad~, rac mtkicebulebis dauSveblad miCn­evis safuZveli unda gaxdes, es yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos msjelobis sakiTxia da sanam am sakiTxTan da­kavSirebiT sasamarTlo praqtika ar Camoyalibdeba, kategori­ulad ramis mtkiceba Znelia.

saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis pirveli nawilis meore mniSvnelovan debulebas warmoadgens `mowamluli xis princi pi~ amsaxveli norma, romelic krZalavs ukanonod mopovebuli mt­kicebulebis safuZvelze kanonierad mopovebuli mtkiceb ulebis dasaSvebobas. aRniSnuli normis arseboba nakarnax evia samarTliani porcesis moTxovnebiT. ZiriTadad, es aris sagamoZiebo organoe­

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bisa da braldebis mxaris warmomdgenelTa mier mtkicebulebaTa ukanonod mopovebis waxalisebis winaaR mdeg mimarTuli Semaka­vebeli faqtori. Tumca, saproceso kodeqsi erTmniSvnelovnad ar udgeba am sakiTxs. `mowamluli xis principi~ gamoiyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SemdgomSi (kanonierad) mopovebuli mt kicebuleba amZimebs braldebulis samarTlebriv mdgomareo­bas. martivad rom vTqvaT, `mowamluli xis~ principi mxolod mamxilebeli mtkicebulebis mimarT gamoiyeneba. dacvis mxares amgvari daTqma ar exeba da mis mier Tundac kanonis darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebis safuZvelze mopovebuli gamamarTle­beli mtkicebuleba dasaSvebia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis me­2 nawili dauSvebeli mtkicebulebis damatebiT kriteriumebs ayalibebs. es debule­ba mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis kidev erT SemTxvevas adgens, rodesac mtkicebuleba mopovebulia kanoniT dadgenili wesis dacviT, magram uaryofili ar aris gonivruli eWvi misi Sesa­Zlo gamocvlis, misi niSnebisa da Tvisebebis arsebiTi Secv lis, an masze darCenili kvalis arsebiTi gaqrobis Sesaxeb.

mocemuli debulebis mixedviT problematuria Tu ra igu­lisxmeba gonivruli eWvis qveS da rogor unda moxdes misi gansazRvra yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi, aseve, Tu vis ekisreba eWvis arsebobis uaryofis valdebuleba.

saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis me­2 nawili da arc sxva debulebebi ar ayalibebs raime konkretul an sagamonakliso wess amasTan dakavSirebiT, Sesabamisad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi eWvis `gonivruloba~ unda dadg­indes gonivruli eWvis saerTo standartiT. kerZod, gonivruli eWvi aris eWvi, romelic damyarebulia gonebasa da saR azrze da ar aris damnaSaveobis ubralo albaToba. gonivruli eWvi aris iseTi eWvi, romelic gonier adamians aiZulebs, daeWvdes ama Tu im qmedebisas.

Tu vis ekisreba gonivruli eWvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi misi uaryofa da zogadad vis mxarezea mtkicebis tvirTi mt­kicebulebebis dasaSvebobasTan dakavSirebiT, pasuxs gvaZlevs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis me­3 nawili.

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Mmocemuli normebis formulirebidan naTelia, rom bral­debisa da dacvis mxareebi araTabar mdgomareobaSi imyofebian. braldebas uwevs rogorc sakuTari mtkicebulebis dasaSve bebis, ise dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebaTa dauSveblobis mt kiceba, maSin rodesac dacvis mxares amgvari arc erTi val debuleba ar gaaCnia – erTaderTi, risi mtkicebac mas eva leba, aris sakuTari mtkice­bulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba. amgvari sxvaoba, ra Tqma unda, emyareba sayovelTaod aRiarebul prin­cips, romlis mixedviTac piris braleulobis mtkicebis tvirTi yovelTvis braldebas akis ria. braldebam isedac unda SeZlos braldebis damtkiceba, Tundac dacvam arc erTi sapirispiro mtkicebuleba ar moi yvanos.

Sesabamisad, braldebam mosamarTles unda daumtkicos, rom mtkicebulebis mopoveba ar momxdara kanonis darRveviT; im Sem­TxvevaSi, Tu mtkicebulebis mopoveba kanonis darRveviT moxda, amgvari darRveva araarsebiTia;

mtkicebuleba ar gamomdinareobs sxva, kanonis arsebiTi dar­RveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebidan da amasTanave, ar aua resebs braldebulis samarTlebriv mdgomareobas;

mtkicebuleba ar gamocvlila, ar Seucvlia niSani an ar­sebiTi Tviseba da masze arsebuli kvali ucvlelia.

rac Seexeba dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebis dauSveblobas, prokurorisaTvis sakmarisia daadasturos, rom mtkicebulebis mopoveba moxda kanonis arsebiTi darRveviT; an mtkicebuleba gamomdinareobs sxva, kanonis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebidan da amasTan, auaresebs braldebulis samarT­lebriv mdgomareobas an mtkicebuleba gamocvlilia, Seicvala niSani an arsebiTi Tviseba, an masze arsebuli kvali waiSala.

saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis me­4 nawilis mixedviT, mxare valdebulia sasamarTlos miawodos informacia saku­Tari mtkicebulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom es formulireba, erTi SexedviT, nakleb valdebulebas ayalibebs dacvis mxarisaTvis, es valdebuleba sakmaod se riozulia da faqtobrivad moicavs rogorc mtkicebulebis namdvilobis, ise misi kanonierebis Sesaxeb informacias.

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amasTan, mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT, rom dacvis mxa reze mtkicebis tvirTis ararseboba ar gamoricxavs dacvis uflebas, idavos sakuTari mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobaze da braldebis mx­aris mtkicebulebaTa dauSveblobaze. saproceso kodeqsis 72 –e muxlis me­5 nawili mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis sakiTxis gadawyvetas mxolod sasamarTlos akis­rebs da rac mTavaria aseTi gadawyvetileba unda iyos dasabuTe­buli. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba ki sul mcire gulisxmobs mosamarTlis mier argumentebis moyvanas. Sesabamisad amgvari moTxovna kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoyalibebas da mxareebs daexmareba saTanado wesiT moipovon da waradginon mtkicebulebebi.

saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis me­6 nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobis Sedegebze pro­cesis monawileebisaTvis. dauSveblad cnobili mtkicebuleba safuZvlad ar SeiZleba daedos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas. es aris `saproceso sanqcia~ kanonis arsebiTi darRvevisaTvis mtkicebulebis mopovebis dros. amasTan, es debuleba pirda pir ar miuTiTebs sxva arsebiT Sedegebs, romelic mtkiceb ulebis dauSveblad cnobas mohyveba sisxlis samarTlis pro cesisaTvis. xSirad amgvari Sedgebi imdenad arsebiTia, rom mTlianad cv­lis procesis mimdinareobas. dauSveblad cnobil mtkicebulebas aRar gaaCnia araviTari mtkicebulebiTi Zala, anu sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia is araTu moiyvanos sakuTari gadawyvetilebis rome­lime nawilSi, aramed mxedvelobaSic ki miiRos msjelobisas. aranakleb mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom dauSveblad cnobil mtkicebulebaze damyarebuli yvela sxva mtkicebulebac, garda gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebisa, dauSveblad iqneba cnobili.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cno ba, ro­gorc wesi, Zalian didi zianis momtania mxarisaTvis, romelmac mtkicebuleba waradgina.

preiudiciagamokvlevis gareSe mtkicebulebad miiReba: a) sayovelTaod cnobili faqti;

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b) ganaCeni nasamarTlobaze; g) sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ganaCeniT dadgenili

faqtobrivi garemoebebi, Tu procesis arcerTi monawile maT saeWvod ar xdis;

d) nebismieri sxva garemoeba Tu faqti, romelzedac mxareebi SeTanxmdebian.

2. mxaris iniciativiT, sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos pre­iudiciulad dadgenili faqti, Tu es faqti ewinaaRmdegeba sa­samarTloSi mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebs.

preiudicia, anu garemoeba, romelic ar moiTxovs damate biT damtkicebas, aris saproceso kanonmdeblobisTvis yvelaze myari mtkicebulebis saxe, kodeqsi mtkicebulebaTa saxeebis CamoTvlas swored preiudiciiT iwyebs.

73­e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, pre­iudiciis pirvel saxes warmoadgens sayovelTaod cnobili faq­ti, romelTa kategoriaSic ZiriTadad xvdeba mecnierebis mier dadgenili kanonzomierebani, faqtebis saxeobebi. gamokv levis ga­reSe mtkicebulebad miRebuli faqti unda iyos iseTi faqti, romelic ar eqvemdebareba gonivrul davas, radgan igi zogadad cnobilia saqmis ganaxilveli sasamarTlos terito riuli gan­sjadobis farglebSi, an SesaZlebelia misi zusti da swrafi gansazRvra iseTi wyaroebis meSveobiT, romelTa gonivrulad eWvqveS dayeneba SeuZlebelia.

calke kategoriad aris gamoyofili sasamarTlos mier dad­genili sxvadasxva faqtobrivi garemoebebi da samarT lebrivi Se­fasebebi. am mxriv, 73­e muxli moixseniebs ganaCens adre nasa­marlobaze.

73­e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqti ayalibebs pre­iudiciis kidev erT, damatebiT saxes. am debulebis mixed viT, preiudiciad SeiZleba CaiTvalos nebismieri garemoeba an faqti, romelzedac mxareebi SeTanxmdebian saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dawyebamde. Sesabamisad, mxareebs SeuZliaT miaR wion SeTanxme­bas saqmeSi arsebul konkretul faqtebze, rom lebic SemdgomSi sadavo ar gaxdeba da sasamarTlo procesis dros mxareebs Seu­

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ZliaT Semoifarglon mxolod im sakiTxe biT, romlebic maT So­ris davis sagans warmoadgens.

ra formiT xdeba konkretul faqtebze SeTanxmebis gafor meba? am kiTxvaze pasuxs gvcems saproceso kodeqsis 220­e muxlis (g)punqti, romlis Tanaxmadac winasasamarTlo sxdo mis mosamarTle mxareTa monawileobiT saqmis arsebiTi ganx ilvisaTvis mosamza­deblad: g) amtkicebs mxareebis mier warsadgen mtkicebulebaTa nusxas, aseve maTgan miRebul im mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals, romlebsac mxareebi sadavod ar xdian;

es niSnavs, rom konkretul faqtze SeTanxmebis Semdeg mxa­reebs aRar SeuZliaT idavon SeTanxmebiT gansazRvrul faqtebsa da garemoebebze. Sesabamisad dacvis mxare gansa kuTrebuli yur­adRebiT unda moekidos winasasamarTlo sx domas da warmoadgi­nos Tavisi pozicia sisxlis samarTlis konkretul garemoe­bebTan dakavSirebiT.

Mmoqmedi saproceso kodeqsis 73­e muxlis redaqcia mxa reebs aZlevs preiudiciis uaryofis SesaZleblobas. kerZod, mxares SeuZlia sadaod gaxados sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ganaCeniT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi.

braldebulis Cveneba muxli #741. braldebulis Cveneba aris mis mier sasamarTloSi mice­

muli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa Ses axeb. 2. Cvenebis micema braldebulis uflebaa. 3. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru

Cvenebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulo bis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.

4. braldebulis aRiareba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos gamamtyunebel ganaCens, Tu igi ar dasturdeba misi braleu­lobis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebiT.

74­e muxli agrZelebs mtkicebulebaTa saxeebis CamonaT vals braldebulis CvenebiT.

braldebulis Cveneba, iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva mt­kicebuleba, mxolod sasamarTlos winaSe warmodgenili in­formaciaa. Cvenebis micema braldebulis uflebaa, rac niS vans,

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rom mas nebismier dros SeuZlia Sewyvitos is Cveneba, romelsac igi iZleva sasamarTlos winaSe an dumilis ufleba gamoiyenos mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi. Tu braldebuli uars ityvis Cvenebis micemaze an cru Cvenebas miscems, es ar SeiZleba CaiT­valos misi braleulobis damadasturebel mt kicebulebad.

muxli #75 _ mowmis Cveneba1. mowmis Cveneba mtkicebuleba ver iqneba, Tu mowme ver

miuTiTebs warmodgenili informaciis wyaros an Tu dadg indeba, rom fsiqikuri avadmyofobis an fizikuri naklis gamo mas ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos faqtebi.

2 Tu mowmis CvenebebSi arsebiTi winaaRmdegobaa, mxares ufleba aqvs, mosamarTlis winaSe daayenos Suamdgomloba Cvenebis (Cvenebebis) dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobis Tao baze.

3. mowmis Cveneba dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa, Tu am mowmis gamokiTxvis oqmi ar gadaeca meore mxares am kodeqsis 83­e mux­liT dadgenili wesiT. (14.06.2013. N741)

mowmis CvenebasTan aris dakavSirebuli saproceso kan onis yvelaze mniSvnelovani novaciebi. am mxriv, 75­e muxlis pirveli nawili asaxavs mtkicebulebis kodeqsiT dadgenil cnebas, rom­lis mixedviTac mowmis Cveneba mxolod sasamarT loSi miiReba.

75­e muxli akonkretebs mowmis Cvenebis aucilebel el­ementebs, kerZod, mowmem savaldebulo wesiT unda miuTiTos warmodgenili informaciis wyaro, kerZod, iyo Tu ara is TviT­mxilveli an romeli pirisagan moipova es informacia, anda rom­eli sxva konkretuli informaciis wyarodan aqvs mas cnobebi, romelTa Taobazec is Cvenebas iZleva sasamarTloSi.

75­e muxlis pirveli nawilis danarCeni nawili adgens kidev erT kriteriums, romelic mowmis CvenebisaTvis aris aucile­beli. kerZod, mowmes ar unda gaaCndes fsiqikuri avad myofoba an Wkuasustoba, romlis gamoc mas ar SeuZlia swo rad aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos faqtebi. rogorc wesi, es mxareTa Soris arsebiTi ganxilvis dros pirdapiri da jvaredini da­kiTxvis dros vlindeba da Sesabamisad, sa samarTlos SeuZlia am

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sakiTxze saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis gareSe gadawyvitos konkre­tuli mtkicebulebis bedi.

75­e muxlis me­2 nawili adgens mowmis Cvenebis dauSve blad cnobis konkretul wess, Tu mowmis sasamarTlo Cvene bebs So­ris (magaliTad, aRmkveTi RonisZiebis Sefardebisa da arsebiTi ganxilvis dros) arsebobs arsebiTi winaaRmdegoba. Sesabamisad, mxaris SuamdgomloboT, dauSveblad iqneba cno bili Cvenebis is nawili, romelSic mowme sakuTar Tavs ewi naaRmdegeba. 75­e muxlis me­3 nawili mxareebs akisrebs valdebulebas Seadgi­non mowmis gamokiTxvis oqmi da aseTi oqmi gadascen meore mx­ares, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTloSi aseTi mowmis Cveneba dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba iqneba. amgvari cvlileba erTis mxriv ganpirobebulia kanonmdeblis surviliT, rom mxareebs winaswarve saqmis arsebiT ganxilvamde hqondeT SesaZlebloba icodnen, Tu ra sakiTxze miscems mowme Cvenebas da Sesabamisad ukeTesad moemzadon jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis. amasTan aRsanisnavia, rom aseTma danawesma SesaZloa ufro gaarTulos sisxlis samarTlis procesi,

iribi Cvenebasisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 76­e muxlis Tanax­

mad 1. iribia mowmis is Cveneba, romelic efuZneba sxva piris

mier gavrcelebul informacias. 2. iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa mxolod im SemTx­

vevaSi, Tu iribi Cvenebis mimcemi piri miuTiTebs informaciis wyaros, romlis identificireba da realurad arsebobis Semow­meba SesaZlebelia. (14.06.2013. #741)

3. sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa, Tu igi dasturdeba sxva is­eTi mtkicebulebiT, romelic ar aris iribi Cveneba. (14.06.2013. #741)

saproceso kodeqsiT moyvanili kidev erTi mtkicebulebis saxe aris iribi Cveneba. iribi Cveneba warmoadgens mowmis Cvenebis konkretul nairsaxeobas, romelic efuZneba sxva piris mier

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gavrcelebul informacias. anu mowmes sakuTari TvaliT ar unax­avs an sxvagvarad uSualod ar aRuqvams is in formacia, romlis Taobazec is Cvenebas iZleva sasamarTloSi. mowmis iribi Cveneba dasaSvebia, Tu is garkveul pirobebs srulad akmayofilebs.

aseTi piroba oria, pirveli iribi Cveneba dasaSvebia mx­olod informaciis wyaros miTiTebiT romlis identificireba da realurad arsebobis Semowmeba SesaZlebelia da meore piroba, anu sasamarTlos arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis iribi Cvenebis dasaS vebobis sakiTxi, romlis mixedviTac unda arsebobdes sxva ara iribi mtkicebuleba, romelic irib Cvenebas adasturebs.

rogorc vxedavT, saproceso kodeqsis arsebuli redaqci iT, dasaSvebia erTi iribi Cvenebis mxolod arairibi CvenebiT dada­stureba.

saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi es saproceso wesi cnobilia rogorc `hearsay rule~ da, qarTuli saproceso kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT, Camoyalibebulia iribi Cvenebis zogadi akrZal vis formiT, romlisganac arsebobs mravali gamonaklisi. aseTi gam­onaklisebi ZiriTadad mocemulia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis federalur wesebSi mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb.

wesi 801. ganmarteba(a) gancxadeba. `gancxadeba~ aris: (1) zepiri, an werilo biTi

mtkiceba, an (2) piris araverbaluri qmedeba, Tu igi gamiznulia piris mier, rogorc mtkiceba;

(b) ganmcxadebeli. `ganmcxadebeli~ aris piri, romelic akeTebs gancxadebas;

(g) iribi Cveneba. `iribi Cveneba~ aris gancxadeba, garda im gancxadebisa, romelic ganmcxadebelma sasamarTlo procesze an ganxilvaze Cvenebis micemisas gaakeTa, romelic warmod genilia mtkicebulebis saxiT gancxadebuli sakiTxis WeS maritebis damt­kicebis mizniT;

(d) gancxadebebi, romlebic irib Cvenebas ar warmoadgens. gancxadeba ar warmoadgens irib Cvenebas, Tu:

(1) mowmis warsuli gancxadeba. ganmcxadebeli Cvenebas aZlevs sasamarTlo procesze, an ganxilvaze da eqvemdebareba jvare­

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din dakiTxvas gancxadebasTan dakavSirebiT da gancxade ba (a) ar Seesabameba ganmcxadeblis Cvenebas da gakeTda fi cis qveS, rac eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo procesze, ganxilvaze ,an sxva sapro­ceso moqmedebis dros an werilobiT CvenebaSi cru CvenebisaTvis sasjels, an (b) Seesabameba ganmcxadeblis Cvenebas da warmodge­nilia uaxloes warsulSi gayalbebis, arasaTanado gavlenis, an motivis pirdapiri an nagulisxmevi braldebis gasabaTileblad, an (g) Seexeba piris identifika cias da ganxorcielda piris Secnobis Semdeg; an

(1) oponenti mxaris mier aRiareba. gancxadeba warmodgenilia erT­erTi mxaris winaaRmdeg da warmoadgens (a) TviT mxaris sa­kuTar, individualurad, an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ga keTebul gancxadebas, an (b) gancxadeba, romelic mxarem gaiz iara, an warmoaCina Tavisi rwmena mis WeSmaritebaSi, an (g) mxaris mier uflebamosili piris mier gakeTebuli gancxadeba sakiTxis Ses­axeb, an (d) mxaris warmomadgenlis an mosamsax uris mier ga­keTebuli gancxadeba iseT sakiTxze, romelic organizaciis kon­petenciis, an SromiTi urTierTobis farg lebSia, da gakeTda aseTi urTierTobis arsebobis periodSi, an (e) gancxadeba mxaris Tanamzraxvelis mier danaSaulis Cadenis, an xelSewyobis peri­odSi; gancxadebis Sinaarsi unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca mxolod aRniSnuli gancxadebis wardgena, rogorc aseTi, ar aris sakmarisi ganmcxadeblis uflebamosilebis dasadgenad (g) qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, organizacia, an SromiTi urTierToba da maTi farglebi (d) qvepunqtis Sesabamisad, an (e) qvepunqtis Se­sabamisad danaSaulisaTvis mzadebis arsebobis da ganmcxadeblis da masSi im mxaris monawileobis dasadgenad, romlis sawinaaR­degodac gancxadeba aris warmodgenili.

wesi 803. iribi Cvenebis gamonaklisebi, rodesac ganmcxade­blis xelmisawvdomoba araarsebiTia;

qvemoT moyvanili garemoebebi ar warmoadgens iribi Cvenebis wesis gamonakliss, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganmcxade beli xelmi­sawvdomia rogorc mowme: awmyos STabeWdileba. gancxadeba, ro­melic aRwers an ganmartavs garemoebas, an mdgomareobas, romelic gakeTda im dros, rodesac ganmcxadebeli aRiqvamda garemoebas,

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an mdgo mareobas, an dauyovnebliv aRniSnulis Semdeg. aRgzneb­uli gamoxatva. gancxadeba sawyisi garemoe bis an mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic gakeTda im momentSi, rodesac ganmcxadebeli ganicdida sulier stress, romelic gamowveuli iyo am gare­moebiT an mdgomareobiT. im momentSi arsebuli mentaluri, emo­ciuri an fizi kuri mdgomareoba. ganmcxadeblis gancxadeba, im momentSi arsebuli ganwy obis, emociis, SegrZnebis, an fizikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb (rogoricaa mizani, gegma, motivi, ganz­raxva, mentaluri Seg rZneba, tkivili da sxeulis janmrTelo­bis mdgomareoba), magram, garda gancxadebisa, mexsierebis, an rwmenis Sesaxeb mex sierebaSi arsebuli, an navaraudevi faqtis dasamtkiceblad, Tu igi ar ukavSirdeba ganmcxadeblis anderZis aRsrulebas, gauqmebas, identifikacias, an pirobebs.

gancxadebebi samedicino diagnostikis, an mkurnalobis miznebi-saTvis. gancxadebebi, romlebic gakeTebulia samedicino diag­nostikis, an mkurnalobis miznebisaTvis da romelic aRw ers samedicino istorias, an warsul, an amJamindel simptom ebs, tkivils, an SegrZnebebs, an mis dasawyiss, an mizezis, an gareSe wyaros zogad bunebas, rac gonivrulad ukavSirdeba diagnozs, an mkurnalobas. Cawerili mogonebebi. memorandumi an Canaweri iseTi sakiTxis Sesaxeb, romelic mowmem odesRac icoda, Tumca amJa mad saTanadod ver ixsenebs, raTa SesaZlebloba mieces mowmes misces sruli da zusti Cveneba da romelSic naCvenebia, rom Sedge­nilia, an dadasturebulia mowmis mier maSin, rodesac sakiTxi mowmis mexsierebaSi axali iyo da raTa aRniSnuli codna swored asaxos. Tu daSvebuli iqneba, memorandumi an Canaweri SeiZleba wakiTxul iqnes mtkicebulebis saxiT, Tum ca ar SeZleba igi aRiarebul iqnes rogorc mtkicebuleba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mas warmoadgens mowinaaRmdege mxare. regularulad ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis Canaweri. qmedebebis, garemoebebis, mdgomareobis, mosazrebis, an diag nozis Sesaxeb memorandumi, an­gariSi, Canaweri, an monacemTa nakrebi nebismieri formiT, ro­melic Sedgenilia im momentSi, an im momentTan axlos im piris mier, romelsac gaaCnia codna, an im informaciis meSveobiT, romelic am pirma gadmosca, Tu igi daculia regularulad

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ganxorcielebuli biznessaqmiano bis farglebSi da Tu memoran­dumis Sedgena warmoadgenda am biznessaqmianobis regularul praqtikas, angariSi, Canaweri, an monacemTa nakrebi, rac naCvenebia pasuxismgebeli piris, an sxva kvalificiuri mowmis CvenebiT, an sertificirebis meSveobiT 902(11)­e, 902(12) wesebis Sesabam­isad, an serti ficirebis damSvebi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu informaciis wyaro, an misi momza­debis garemoe bebi, an meTodi miuTiTebs sandoobis naklebobaze. termini `biznesi~, rogorc is winamdebare muxlSi gamoiyeneba, moicavs bizness, dawesebulebas, asociacias, profesias, saqmi­anobas da nebismieri saxis mowodebas, romelic xorcieldeba mogebis mizniT, an mis gareSe.

CanawerebSi Canaweris ararseboba me-(6) punqtis deb ulebebTan Sesabamisad. mtkicebuleba imisa, rom sakiTxi ar aris Setanili memorandumis angariSebSi, an monacemTa nakre bebSi nebismieri formiT, romlebic daculia me­(6) punqtis debulebebTan Sesa­bamisad, imis dasamtkiceblad, rom sakiTxs adgili ar hqonia, an ar arsebobs, Tu sakiTxi iseTi bunebisaa, romelzec regularu­lad dgeboda da inaxeboda memorandumi, angariSi, an monacemTa nakrebi, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu in formaciis wyaroebi, an sxva garemoebebi miuTiTebs sandoobis naklebobaze. sajaro Canawerebi da angariSebi. sajaro moxelee bis, sajaro dawesebulebebis, an uwyebebis nebismieri formis Canawerebi, angariSebi, gancxadebebi, an monacemTa nakrebebi, romlebic Seexeba (a) dawesebulebis, an uwyebis saqmiano bas, an (b) sakiTxebs, romlebic Semxebia kanoniT dawesebuli valdebulebis Sesabamisad da romelTa mimarT arse­bobs an gariSgebis valdebuleba (Tumca aRniSnuli ar exeba sisx­lis samarTlis saqmeebSi policiis oficrebisa da samarTaldam­cavi organoebis procedurebs), an (g) samoqalaqo saqmeebsa da samarTalwarmoebaSi da saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg warmoe bul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi faqtis dadgenas gamoZiebis Sede­gad kanoniT miniWebuli uflebamosilebis Sesabamisad, Tu in­formaciis wyaro, an sxva garemoebebi sandoobis naklebo baze ar miuTiTebs.

mniSvnelovani statistikuri Canawerebi. nebismieri formis

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Canawerebi, an monacemTa nakrebebi dabadebis, nayo fis gardacva­lebis, gardacvalebis, an qorwinebis Sesaxeb, Tu maT Sesaxeb angariSi waredgina sajaro dawesebulebas kanonis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisad.

sajaro Canawerebis, an Canaweris ararseboba. nebismieri formis Canaweris, angariSis, gancxadebis, an monacemTa nakrebis ararse­bobis dasamtkiceblad, an iseTi sakiTxis ararsebobis, an armox­denis dasamtkiceblad, romelzec nebismieri formis Canaweri, angariSi, gancxadeba, an monacemTa nakrebi dgeboda da inaxeboda regularulad sajaro dawesebulebis, an uwyebis mier, mtkice­buleba sertificirebis formiT 902­e wesTan Sesabamisad, an Cveneba, rom guldasmiT ganxorcielebulma Zie bam ver aRmoaCina Canaweri, angariSi, gancxadeba, an monacemTa nakrebi, an CanawerSi Senatani.

religiuri organizaciebis Canawerebi. gancxadebebi dabadebis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis, kanon ierebis, warmoma­vlobis, sisxliT, an qorwinebiT naTesaobis, an msgavsi piradi, an ojaxuri istoriis faqtebis Sesaxeb, romlebic inaxeba religi­uri organizaciis regularulad dacul CanawerebSi.

qorwineba, naTloba da msgavsi sertifikatebi. gancxade bebi faqtis Sesaxeb, romelic miTiTebulia mowmobaSi, rom piri daqorwinda, an ganaxorciela sxva ceremonia, an eklesi uri said­umloeba, romelic Caatara sasuliero pirma, sajaro moxelem ,an sxva pirma, romelic uflebamosilia religiuri organiza­ciis an kanoniT dadgenili wesebis, an praqtikis Sesabamisad ganaxorcielos sertificirebuli aqti, romelic mis Tanaxmad gamocemulia am aqtis momentSi, an mis Semdeg gonivrul vadaSi.

saojaxo Canawerebi. gancxadebebi faqtis Sesaxeb pira di, an ojaxis istoriis Sesaxeb, romlebic daculia saojaxo bibli­ebSi, genealogiaSi, reestrSi, beWedze amonatvifrSi, saojaxo portretebze warwerebSi, urnebze, akldamebze, an epitafiebze amonatvifrSi da sxva.

Canawerebi dokumentebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Seexeba qonebriv interess. Canawerebi dokumentis Sesaxeb, romlis mizania gansaz­Rvros, an gavlena moaxdinos qonebriv interesze, rogorc mt­

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kiceba Cawerili dokumentis dedanis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb da misi aRsruleba da Sesruleba TiToeuli piris mier, romelTa mier mis Tanaxmad igi unda aRsrulebuliyo, Tu Canaweri sajaro dawesebulebis Canawers warmoadgens da Sesabamisi kanoni uSvebs am dawesebulebaSi am tipis doku mentebis Sesaxeb Canawerebis warmoebas.

gancxadebebi dokumentebSi, romlebic Seexeba qonebriv inter-ess. gancxadeba, romelic miTiTebulia dokumentSi, rom lis miza­nia gansazRvros, an gavlena moaxdinos qonebriv in teresze, Tu miTiTebuli sakiTxi relevanturia dokumentis miznisaTvis, gar­da im SemTxvevisa, Tu qonebaze garigebebi dokumentis Sedgenis Semdeg ar Seesabameba gancxadebis WeS maritebas, an dokumentis mizans. gancxadebebi Zvel dokumentebSi. gancxadebebi oci, an meti wlis win Sedgenil dokumentebSi, romelTa avTentu roba dadgenilia. bazris kvlevebi, komerciuli gamocemebi. bazris kvotireba, tabulaciebi, siebi, direqtoriebi, an sxva gamoce­muli nakrebebi, romlebic zogadad gamoiyeneba da romlebsac sazogadoeba da konkretuli profesiebis warmomadgenlebi ey­rdnobian.

almanaxi. jvaredini dakiTxvis dros eqsperti mowmis yur­adRebis gamaxvilebis doneze, an im doneze, romelzec eqsperti mowme eyrdnoba maT pirdapiri dakiTxvis dros, gancxadebebi, romlebic gamoqveynebulia almanaxSi, periodul gamocemebSi, an broSurebSi, rogorc istoriis, medicinis, an mecnierebis, an xelovnebis sxva dargis sagani, romelic dada sturebulia, ro­gorc sando avtoriteti mowmis Cvenebis, an aRiarebis saSuale­biT, an sxva eqspertis CvenebiT, an preiu diciiT. Tu daiSveba, aseTi gancxadebebi SeiZleba wakiTxul iqnes mtkicebulebis sax­iT, Tumca ar SeiZleba iqnes miRe buli, rogorc nivTieri mt­kicebuleba.

reputacia piradi an ojaxis istoriasTan dakavSire biT. repu­tacia piris ojaxis wevrebs Soris sisxliT, Svilad ayvaniT, an qorwinebiT, an piris kolegebs Soris, an sazoga doebaSi piris dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqor winebis, gardacva­lebis, legitimurobis, an sisxliT, Svilad ayvaniT, an qor­

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winebiT naTesaobis, warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, an sxva piradi, an ojaxuri istoriis msgavsi faqtis Sesaxeb.

reputacia sazRvrebis an zogadi istoriis Sesaxeb. reputacia sazogadoebaSi, romelic sadavoa sazogadoebaSi sazRvrebis, an Cveulebebis Sesaxeb, romelTac gavlena aqvT miwaze da reputa­cia zogadi istoriis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic mniS­vnelovania sazogadoebisaTvis, Statis, an erisaTvis, romelSic igi arsebobs. reputacia xasiaTis mimarT. reputacia piris xasi­aTis mimarT kolegebs Soris, an sazogadoebaSi. gadawyvetileba adreuli nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetileba piradi, ojaxis, an zogadi istoriis, an sazRvrebis Sesaxeb.

mopasuxis konstituciuri ufleba warmoadginos utyuari _ magram sxvagvarad dauSvebeli _ irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli Cvene-bebi/mtkicebulebebi.

dacvis ufleba samarTliani sasamarTlos erT­erTi yvelaze arsebiTi nawilia. es aris ufleba, romelic moicavs ufro mets, vidre mowmeTa pirdapiri Cvenebebis warmodgena da Sei­cavs garkveuli garemoebebis mixedviT, sasamarTlos winaSe war­moadginos meoradi saxis mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa, maga liTad, irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba.

braldebulis saTanado procesis ganxorcielebis konsti­tuciuri ufleba moiTxovs irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mt­kicebulebebis miRebas/daSvebas nafic msajulTa/mosamarTleTa kolegiis winaSe, maSin rodesac ganmcxadeblis dakiTxva/war­modgena sasamarTloze SeuZlebelia, sadac gavrcelebul xme­bze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba aris materialuri/arsebiTi, gama­marTlebeli da sakmarisad sarwmunoa, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi ar ganisazRvreba im debulebebiT, rac gulisxmobs winas­wari mtkicebulebebis wardgenas sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT irib Cvenebaze damyarebulma mtkicebulebebma SesaZloa Tavidan aicilon chase Cvenebebi.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis uzenaesma sasamarTlom daad­gina, rom maSinac ki, sadac mtkicebulebiTi samarTlis normebi Seesabam eba Statis mtkicebulebiTi samarTlis normebs, sasamarT­lom mainc unda gaiTvaliswinos es wesebi `dausabuTebeli~ an

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araSeusabamo im miznebTan, rasac unda emsaxurebodes. arairib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebulebebi, warmoadgenili mopa suxis mxridan kisrulobs ndobis ganmtkicebas da dacvis mxarisTvis saziano iyo. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom,rodesac Cveneba aris gamamarTlebeli mopasuxisTvis, ufro naklebad zusti stand­artebi gamoiyeneba imis dasadgenad, Tu romeli Cvenebebia dasaS­vebi da sadac es Cvenebebi qmnian kritikul nawils dacvis mx­arisTvis, saTanado procesma SeiZleba ubiZgos daSvebis sasarge­blod. im Cvenebebis saqmidan gamoricxva, romelsac aqvs mniS­vnelovani wona gamamarTlebeli mtkiceb ulebebis warmodgenisas, kidev erTxel gausvams xazs, misTvis samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis CamorTmevas.

aRiarebulia, rom mopasuxisaTvis (braldebulisTvis) pro­cesSi monawileobis konstituciuri ufleba moiTxovs irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebulebebis miRebas/daSve bas, maSin rodesac ganmcxadeblis dakiTxva/warmodgena sa samarTloze Seu­Zlebelia. irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mt kicebuleba aris mate­rialuri/arsebiTi, gamamarTlebeli da sakmarisad sarwmuno. ar unda iyos eWvis imisa, rom Cveneba/ mtkicebuleba iyo rogorc materialuri, ise gamamarTlebeli, sanam aSkarad gamoCndeboda, rom policiam SecdomiT Cado kontrabanda sxva dakavebulis amanaTidan mopasuxis kuTvnil amanaTSi, anu mopasuxe SeiZleba SecdomiT yofiliyo sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis CadebaSi braldebuli. ufro metic, mtkicebulebis ganxilvis Semdeg, na­Telia, rom prokurors hqonda sruli da samarTliani SesaZle­blobebi Seemowmebina da amgvarad daekmayofilebina sarwmunoobis testi. sabolood, mosmenis Canaweri, mtkicebulebis miRebis Ses­axeb gamoarkvevs, rom dacva Sesabamisad moiqca. am garemoebebidan gamomdinare, wardgenili mtkicebulebebis mcdarma gamoricxvam gamoiwvia Seuqcevadi procesebi. ganvixiloT magaliTebi celkeu­li saqmeebis mixedviT:

saqmeze xalxi v. Bull, 218 A.D.2d 663, 664­665 (2d Dept. 1995) winaaRmdeg, mas Semdeg, rac braldebam warmoadgina mtki­cebuleba, rac adgenda, rom bavSvebs dausves sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebis diagnozi maTi gaupatiurebidan 15 Tvis

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Semdeg, sasamarTlo arasworad moiqca, rodesac SezRuda mo­pasuxis mcdeloba daemtkicebina, rom igi ar iyo am daa vadebiT dainficirebuli. mopasuxis sawinaaRmdegod miSelis mier war­modgenili mtkicebuleba, romelmac gonoreis testis dadebiTi pasuxi daadastura da rom orive bavSvis qlami diis testi iyo dadebiTi, sworad iyo daSvebuli, radgan igi daadgenda, rom bavSvebi iyvnen gaupatiurebisa Tu seqsualuri Zaladobis msx­verplni. miuxedavad im angariSisa, ramac daad gina, rom mopasuxe ar iyo seqsualuri sqesobrivi gziT gadam debi daavadebiT in­ficirebuli, iyo irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba 1990 wlisa, mopasuxisTvis neba unda daerToT rom nebayoflobiT Caetarebina testi, mas Semdeg rac gaigo rom mis winaaRmdeg mim­dinareobda gamoZieba gaupatiurebisa da Zaladobis braldebiT.

saqmeze xalxi v. Legrande, 176.D.2d 351, 352 (2d Dept. 1991) winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlom windauxedavad gamoiyena misi dis­kreciuli uflebamosileba, rodesac ver SeZlo mtkiceb ulebad mieRo alibis mowmeebis winaswari Cveneba. sanam sasamarTlom sworad uaryo mopasuxis moTxovna saqmiswarmoebis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb. mas unda mieca neba warmoedginaT alibis mowmis Cvenebis asli rogorc mtkicebuleba). magaliTad, saqmeSi xalxi v. Me-lendez, 296 A.D.2d 424 (2d Dept. 2002) winaaRmdeg Tina melende­si braldebuli iyo misi Seyvarebulis pirve li xarisxis mkvl­elobaSi maTi ojaxuri konfliqtis dros. Mmeore departamentma Secvala braldeba, radgan mosamarTlem arasworad gamoricxa misi gamamarTlebeli Cvenebebi inci dentamdeli faqtebis Sesaxeb:

`sasamarTlos mimdinareobis dros mopasuxem warmoadgina mtkicebuleba, rac amyarebda mis sarCels, rom msxverplis dar­tymiT mkvleloba iyo an SemTxveviTi, an gamarTlebuli. dacvis mxaris advokatma ifiqra rom mopasuxis 911­ze zaris Canaweri daeSva rogorc mtkicebuleba, rac ganxorcielda maleve darty­mis ganxorcielebidan. dacvis mxaris advokati amtkicebda, rom 911 Canaweri daamtkicebda, rom adgili hqon da SemTxveviT dar­tymas da mopasuxes hqonda mcdeloba daecva msxverplis sicocx­le. prokurorma uari Tqva am Canaweris mtkicebulebad daSvebaze imis safuZvelze, rom es Canaweri SeiZleba iyos mopasuxis wi­

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naswari Cveneba, Tu ra Tqva 911­Tan saubris dros. sasamarTlom miiRo protesti da 911 zaris Canaweri ar iqna daSvebuli.

`sadavo ar aris, rom 911 zari gakeTda msxverplis dar tymis ganxorcielebisTanave an maleve. amgvarad, ar Cans, rom mopasuxes hqonda sakmarisi dro 911 CanawerSi raime Seecvala. aseve, 911 Canaweri iyo gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebis poten ciurad Rire­buli nawili mopasuxisTvis. mopasuxis mTeli am saqmis Teoria iyo is,rom xeli mohkida danas, romelic bral debuls hqonda, sanam braldebuli mas umiznebda pistolets. Canaweris Semadgen­loba Tavis mxriv gadascems mosamarTleTa kolegias mopasuxis namdvil emociur reaqcias da mopasux is namdvili intonaciis mosmeniT, mosamarTleTa kolegiam SeiZleba miiRos gansxvave­buli daskvna imasTan dakavSirebiT hqonda Tu ara mas winawari ganzraxva, rom msxverplisTvis se riozuli fizikuri ziani miey­enebina. faqti, rom SesaZlebeli iyo mopasuxis dakiTxva da dai­kiTxa, 911 Canaweris Sinaarsi ar gamoricxavda misi dasaSvebobas rogorc irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebulebis gamonakliss. amgvarad, mas Semdeg, rac mopasuxis ganzraxvis sakiTxi dacvis mxarisTvis iyo Zalian kritikuli da mas CamoerTva ufleba waredgina dasaS vebi mtkicebuleba, rac gaamyarebda mis dacvas mosamarTleTa kolegiis winaSe, mas aqvs gasaCivrebis ufleba.~

maSinac ki, rodesac mopasuxis gamamarTlebeli Cveneba ar kvalificirdeba rogorc afeqturi, dacvis mxares jer kidev SeuZlia dauSvas is, rodesac igi warmodgenilia ro gorc mo­pasuxis adrindeli gonebrivi garemoebis mtkicebule ba. Sesa­Zloa, amis yvelaze naTeli axsna warmodgenili iyos mosamarT­lis gansxvavebuli azriT saqmeSi People v. Morales. winaaRmdeg, ukiduresad mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba imsax urebs Semdegnair gadmocemas:

`es gadawyvetileba xsnis wess mtkicebulebaze, rac ward­genili iyo mkvlelobis saqmis ganxilvis dros. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom am saqmis faqtebis Sesaxeb mopasuxis Cveneba misi dakavebis Semdeg daSvebuli iyo rogorc dacvis mxaris mt­kicebuleba. mtkicebulebam daadgina, rom xose morale si iyo alkoholiki, colis (rosado) mimarT eWviani. maSin rodesac

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rosado, batoni hainsi da sxva macxovreblebi erTad isxdnen Ria verandaze, mopasuxem baton hainss Caartya, vinaidan man miiC­nia, rom batonma hainsma yvelas Tvalwin Seuracxyo misi coli. policiis manqanaSi igi ambobda, rom unda moekla batoni hainsi, radgan araferi esaqmeboda mis colTan. am SemTxvevaSi, bral­debam winaaRmdegoba gauwia mis rogorc mtkicebulebis daSvebas im safuZvelze, rom es iyo xmebze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba da ar SeiZleba daSvebuli yifiliyo rogorc afeqturi, radgan es gakeTda mas Semdeg rac mopasuxes hqonda SesaZlebloba, rom Cveneba yofiliyo farsi. braldebam am SemTxvevaSi arasworad ganmarta mtkice bulebis roli.

Cveneba ar iyo daSvebuli mtkicebulebad rogorc afeqtu ri an irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba. igi warmod genili iyo rogorc mopasuxis gonebrivi mdgomareobis gare moebiTi mt­kicebuleba da mdgomareoba msxverplis dartymis dros. Tavda­pirvelad Cveneba warmodgenili iyo rogorc gare moebiTi mtkice­buleba, rom mopasuxes ar hqonda ganzraxuli batoni hainsis mkvleloba. Cvenebam – me unda momekla igi, mas ar hqonda saqme Cems colTan _ aCvena, rom mopasuxes sjeroda, rom msxverpli ar mouklavs. (SesaZloa imitom, rom hainsi ar dacemula Zirs da SenobaSi Sevarda). Uufro adre, dartymis dros, mopasuxes ar ufiqria,rom mas moklavda, da mas sjero da, rom msxverpli sikvdils imsaxurebda. Aaqedan gamomdinare, Cveneba iyo mopasuxis udanaSualobis gonebrivi mdgomareobis mtkicebuleba. Cvenebas aseve hqonda meore mizani. es iyo gare moebiTi mtkicebuleba, rom mopasuxes sjeroda, rom rac man mis cols uTxra, iyo Zalian didi Secdoma da araswori.

mopasuxis Cveneba, rac SeTavazebulia rogorc mtkiceb uleba, romelic mis gonebriv mdgomareobas asaxavs, ar aris irib Cvene­baze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba. Tu mopasuxe pol iciels etyo­da, rom mas ar hqonda msxverplis mokvla ganz raxuli da mkvl­eloba moeyvana sisruleSi, es iqneboda dauS vebeli `self-serving hearsay… ~ es SeiZleba yofiliyo warsuli faqtze Cveneba _ mo­pasuxis mxridan mkvlelobis ganzraxvis ararseboba _ am faqtis dasamtkiceblad. sasamarTlos ar ugulisxmia, rom mopasuxis

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dakavebis Semdeg Cvenebis SeTava zeba iyo dasaSvebi rogorc dac­vis mxaris mtkicebuleba. mt kicebulebebis wesebi iSviaTad Tu dauSveben mopasuxis daka vebis Semdeg arsebul Cvenebas. magram Tu moTxovnebi daculia, mtkicebuleba SeiZleba iyos miRebuli.

rogorc gamoZiebis axalma etapma aCvena, Tu dacvis mxaris advokatma mkvlelobis saqmis sasamarTlo procesze niu­ior kis StatSi sworad moaxdina imis damtkiceba, rom mopasuxis zari 911­ze srolidan maleve gansazRvruli iqna, rogorc ara irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba im mizniT, rom eCvenebinaT mopasuxis gonebrivi mdgomareiba srolis dros. argumenti Sei­Zleba iyos damajerebeli. See Smith v. Duncan, 411 F.3d 340, 347 n.4 (2nd Cir. 2005). konkretulad sufolkis mkvlelobis saqmeSi dacvis mxare amtkicebda, rom smitma es rola msxverpls, vinaidan sjeroda, rom igi iyo gangsterebis jgufis wevri da surda misi mokvla. smitma msxverplis mokvlis Semdeg maSinve dareka 911­ze da moiTxova saswrafod policiis mosvla, radgan sxva wevrebi mis mosaklavad mo diodnen. samwuxarod, smitis advoka­tma ver moaxerxa daemt kicebina, rom 911 firi iyo gavrcele­bul xmebze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba, Tu ki firi CarTes, radgan mosamarTleTa ko legiisTvis eCvenebinaT, mopasuxis gon­ebrivi mdgomareoba _ SiSi, aRSfoTeba, _ es ar iqneboda irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebuleba, radgan dacvis mxare amas ar akeTebda saqmis sisworisaTvis. firi SeTavazebuli iyo ara imis dasamtkice blad, rom wevrebi marTla modiodnen, aramed imis dasamtkice blad, rom smits sjeroda, rom isini modiodnen. radgan smi tis gonebrivi mdgomareoba iyo erTaderTi Sesabamisi sakiTxi sasamarTloze, gvjera, rom es sakiTxi damajerebeli iqneboda.

unda aRiniSnos, rom moralesisa da smitis gadawyvetile­bebSi, Cvenebebi ganmartebuli iqna rogorc gonebrivi mdgo mareoba _ anu momxseneblis damajerebloba Cvenebis gakeTebis dros. Cveneba Semdeg gaxda daSvebuli, radgan orive sasamarT lom ga­moarkvia, rom momxseneblis rwmena iyo garemoebiTi mtkiceb­uleba da rom adreuli gonebrivi mdgomareoba saq mis realobis Sesabamisi iyo. Oorive SemTxvevaSi gakeTebuli gancxadebebi, rom

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`unda momekla~ da `isini modian~, iyo gare moebiTi mtkiceb­uleba maTi rwmenisa. mopasuxis Cveneba misi colis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, misi colis gaupatiurebisa da SeuracxyofisTvis dakavebisas iyo misi gonebrivi mdgomareo bis da wuTis win misi ganzraxvis gamosacdeli.

niu­iorkis wamyvani saqme am sakiTxze xalxi v. Reyno so, wi-naaRmdeg 73 Y.2d 816, 819 (1988), aris imis ilustracia Tu rogor ganmarta sasamarTlom mopasuxius Cveneba danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg, rogorc dauSvebeli irib Cvenebaze mtkicebuleba. saapelacio sasamarTlom uaryo ignasio re inosos argumentze, rom misi gancxadeba Tavisi dis mimarT msxverplisaTvis srol­idan or saaTSi, rom msxverpli iyo SeiaraRebuli, iyo dasaS­vebi ara irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebulebis mizniT. amis magivrad sasamarTlom daadgina, rom gancxadeba/Cveneba iqneboda Sesabamisi Tu mosamarTleTa kolegia miiRebda/aRiarebda misi Sinaarsis simarTles, anu reinoso darwmunebuli iyo, rom msx­verpli iyo SeiaraRe buli. rogorc sasamarTlom Seajama: sanam Cvenebebi miRebul iqneba, raTa moxdes mopasuxis gonebrivi mdgo­mareobis Cveneba, isini ver gamodgeba manamde arsebuli faqtebis simarTlis dasamtkiceblad. mopasuxis saqmis mosazreba, rom man daartya mosarCeles Tavdacvis mizniT, vinaidan am ukanasknelma muqara ganaxorciela mis mimarT. sasamarTlo sworad moiqca rodesac uari uTxra damcvels mieRo Cveneba erT­erTi oficris­gan. damcvels oficrisgan undoda imis damtkiceba, rom mopasux­em mas uTxra muqaris Sesaxeb. es iyo dauSvebeli gavrcelebul xmebze damyarebuli mticebuleba, radgan mopasuxis Cveneba, rom mosarCele mas emuqreboda, gakeTda faqtis simarTlis dasad­genad: konkretulad, danaSaulis Cadenamde, mopasuxes sjeroda, rom mosarCele misTvis safrTxes warmoadgenda. aseTi tipis mt­kicebuleba ar warmoadgens gonebrivi mdgomareo bis maCveneblis gamonakliss.

irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkicebulebis/Cvenebis ganmcxade­blis acilebis ufleba:

zogadi wesi: rodesac irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mt­kicebuleba daSvebulia procesze, gamonaklisis Tanaxmad,

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ganmcxadeblis ndoba _ piri, romelmac gaakeTa es gancxadeba/ Cveneba _ aris gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtori imis gansazRvris dros Tu ra mniSvneloba unda hqondes mtkicebulebas. Sesa­bamisad, zogadi wesia, rom mtkicebuleba, romelic, savarau dod, daasustebs ganmcxadeblisadmi ndobas, dasaSvebia imdenad ram­denadac aseTi mtkicebuleba dasaSvebi iqneboda ganmcxade beli sasamarTloze mowmed rom yofiliyo.ix Prince, Richard son On vidence (11th ed., Farrell), §8­111.

ra Tqma unda, Tu braldeba ver moaxerxebs ganmcxadeblis warmodgenas Cvenebis misacemad, maSin dacvis mxaris advoka tma pirvel rigSi unda gaaprotestos maTi mcdeloba miiRon nebis­mier Cvenebaze dafuZnebuli mtkicebuleba.

sasamarTlom cno daSvebulad braldebis mowmis uarmyofe­li Cveneba, romelmac aRniSna, rom man SemTxveviT gaigona, rom ganmcxadebeli iTrevda mopasuxes mkvlelobaSi. es Cveneba pirda­pir ewinaaRmdegeba irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mtkiceb ulebis Cvenebas, sadac adgili hqonda mopasuxis gamarTlebas da romelic mopasuxem gamoiyena rogorc mtkicebuleba, misi penal intere­sis winaaRmdeg. Tu arasodes yofila ganmcxade blis jvaredini dakiTxvis SesaZlebloba, Seusabamo Cveneba safuZvlis gareSec SeiZleba iyos naCvenebi.) accord People v. Scott, 262 A.D.2d 1021, 1022 (4th Dept. 1999) jeinis sasamarTlo procesis dros ga­keTebuli jvaredini dakiTxvis Canaweri dac vis mxaris advokatma waikiTxa. aq ZiriTadad jeinis citireba keTdeba. gamomZieblis uarmyofeli Cveneba sworad iyo daSve buli imisaTvis, rom jeinis ndobis xarisxi amaRlebuliyo an dacemuliyo saqmeSi People v. Canady, 186 A.D.2d 749, 749-751 (2d Dept. 1992) mopasuxes surda, rom warmoedgina pirveli ori Cveneba (mkvlelobis msxverpli), magram ara mesame Cveneba. Tumca sasamarTlom daadgina, rom Tu dacvis mxare warmoad genda pirvel or Cvenebas, igi nebas dar­Tavda braldebas warmoedgina mesame Cveneba, sadac CarTuli iyo mopasuxe, misi braldebis mizniT.

saqmeze xalxi v. Ricken, 242 A.D. 106, 109-110 (3rd Dept. 1934) winaaRmdeg, dacvis mxare cdilobda im ganmcxadeblis dada naSaulebas, romlis Cvenebac miRebul iqna rogorc momakv­

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davi kacis, mtkicebulebad ganmcxadeblis braldebis Sesaxeb damowmebuli Canaweri Statebis sasamarTlodan. prokurorma protesti gamoTqva da sasamarTlom es protesti miiRo da aRniSna, rom `gardacvlilis mexsirebas ar unda Seexon~. es iyo zianis momtani Secdoma. ganmcxadebeli Riaa braldebisT vis da is rom wardges rogorc mowme sasamarTloze, bral deba swo­rad iqneba naCvenebi. situacia ar icvleba im faqtiT, rom igi piradad ar imyofeba procesze. es aZlierebs mopa suxis mxridan misi dadanaSaulebis uflebis pretenzias. mas CamoarTves misi yvelaze Zlieri dacvis ufleba _ jvaredini dakiTxva.

praqtikuli SeniSvna, Cveneba irib Cvenebaze damyarebuli mo­nacemTa winaaRmdeg, rodesac igi micemulia dacvis mxaris mier. niu­iorkSi dacvis bralis momxsneli, mareabilitirebeli Cvene­ba sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg, SemoTavazebuli dacvis mxaris mier fasdeba rogorc ufro mimtevebluri kritikuli ganxilvis dros, vidre aseTive SeTavazeba gakeTebuli bral debis mxaris mier.

konkretulad, rodesac mopasuxes surs dauSvan gamamar­Tlebeli gancxadeba/Cveneba imis safuZvelze, rom es keTdeba ganmcxadeblis mometebuli interesis winaaRmdeg, mas sWirde ba gonivruli SesaZleblobebis dadgena, rom Cveneba SesaZloa mar­Tali iyos. ufro metic, sadac Cveneba qmnis dacvis kritikul nawils saTanado procesma SeiZleba ubiZgos daSvebis sasarge­blod.Gdamamtkicebeli/myari mtkicebuleba Sesabamisia, Tu ki qm­nis gonivrul SesaZleblobebs, rom Cveneba SeiZleba iyos marTa­li. Tu sasamarTlos sjera, rom Cvenebis siswore Seusabamoa da rom dasaSvebobis sakiTxi unda gadawydes saqmis maxasiTeblebis (susti da Zlieri mxare) gaTvaliswinebis ga reSe. Tuki Cvenebis mxardamWeri SeZlebs ndobis sakiTxi daay enos, mosamarTleTa ko­legiis funqcias warmoadgens mxolod safuZvlaini eWvis daad­gena, maSin rodesac Cveneba mopasux isTvis aris gamamarTlebeli, gamoiyeneba Sefasebis naklebi standarti imis gansasazRvravad, rom Cveneba mometebuli in teresis winaaRmdeg aris dasaSvebi da sadac Cveneba qmnis dacvis mxarisTvis kritikul nawils, procesma unda ubiZgos daSvebis sasargeblod. sadac braldeba

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cdilobs im mtkiceb ulebebis daSvebas, rac mopasuxes daadana­Saulebs, ufro siR rmiseuli Seswavlis sagani xdeba im gamamar­Tlebel CvenebasTan SedarebiT, rasac mopasuxe uWers mxars.

mesame mxaris Cvenebebi damnaSavis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba dauS­van, rodesac kompetenturi damoukidebeli mtkicebule baa war­modgenili, imis dasamtkiceblad, rom gancxadeba ga keTda im garemoebebSi, rac mas ufro sarwmunos xdis. Cveneba, romelic mopasuxes brals sdebs ufro mareabilitirebeli standartis sagania. mxardamWeri mtkicebuleba sakmarisia Tu igi adgens gonivrul SesaZleblobas, rom Cveneba SeiZleba iyos marTali (es wesi am konteqstSi ar SeiZleba mkacrad Sefasdes, gansa­kuTrebiT dacvis kritikul nawilSi).

piriqiT, rodesac braldebas surs dauSvas iseTi Cveneba, rac mopasuxes brals dadebs im safuZvelze, rom es iyo ganmcxade­blis mometebuli interesis winaaRmdeg, sasamarT loebma unda gamoiyenon zusti kritikuli ganxilva da gansazRvron, rom ar­sebobs Cvenebebis sarwmunoobis done. zusti kritikuli ganxil­va saWiroa, rodesac gavrcelebul xmebze damyarebuli Cvenebebi gamoyenebulia mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. Tuki Cveneba aris TviTmamx­ilebeli an ar SeiZleba am kon teqstSi misi ganxilva da pasuxi SeiZleba gaeces mas Semdeg, rac naTeli moefineba yvela garemoe­bas..is Cvenebebic ki, rac neitraluri Cans, SeiZleba ganmcxadeb­lis interesis winaaR mdeg imuSaos.

ufro zogadad, niu­iorkis Statis moTxovnebi aris Sem degi: `imisaTvis, rom Sefasdes mtkicebulebebi Semsruleblis mom­

etebuli interesis winaaRmdeg, warmodgenili unda iyos Semdegi saxis elementebi: pirveli, ganmcxadebels ar unda SeeZlos pro­cesze mowmed yofna. meore, rodesac gancxadebis gakeTebis dros ganmcxadebelma unda icodes, rom es iyo misi mometebuli in­teresis sawinaaRmdego. mesame, ganmcxadebels unda hqondes kargi codna Cvenebis faqtebisa, da meoTxe da yvelaze mniSvnelovani, gancxadebisgan damoukidebeli mxar damWeri garemoebebi unda iyos warmodgenili, rom daamtkicos ndoba da sarwmunooba. mniS­vnelovani gamoZieba fokusirdeba Cvenebis sandoobaze. Ggaremoe­bebis umniSvnelobam SeiZleba moaxdinos ganmcxadeblis Cvenebis

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harmonizeba da amiT Seqmnas saWiro kavSiri/xazi.~ im principidan gamomdinare, rom sasamarTlom Sesabamis mt­

kicebulebas unda mianiWos gamosacdeli xarisxi mopasuxis zianis sawinaaRmdegod da mopasuxis konstituciuri ufleba daupirisp­irdes mowmeebs da warmoadginos gamamarTlebeli mtkicebuleba, mtkicebulebaTa wesebi gansxvavebulad gamoiy eneba, maSin rodesac braldeba sTavazobs Sesabamis mtkiceb ulebas da rodesac mopa­suxes aqvs konstituciuri ufleba, e.i. irib Cvenebaze damyare­buli Cveneba mis sasargeblod warim arTos. amgvarad, mopasuxes SeiZleba hqondes konstituciuri ufleba, rom dasaSvebi iyos sarwmuno irib Cvenebaze damyare buli mtkicebuleba, maSin rode­sac es ufleba braldebas ar eZleva imitom,rom mopasuxes gaaC­nia ufleba gamovides mowmis winaaRmdeg. aseve, sasamarTloebma daadgines, rom sadac mopa suxe cdilobs warmoadginos gancxade­ba, rac misi penal in teresebis sawinaaRmdegoa,dasaSvebobis stan­darti aris ufro mareabilitirebeli vidre, rodesac xalxi cdilobs amas. am sasamarTlom aseve daadgina, rom mopasuxis eqsperts eqneba SesaZlebloba daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe aris nacemi.

dokumentebis mtkicebulebiTi Zala da dasaSvebobaaxali kodeqsis Zalze mniSvnelovan siaxles warmoadgens

78­e muxlis pirveli nawili, romelic exeba sasamarTloSi mt­kicebulebis saxiT wardgenili dokumentebis mtkicebule biT Za­las da mis dasaSvebobas:

`mxaris moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi dokuments mtkicebulebiTi Zala aqvs, Tu cnobilia misi warmomavloba da is avTenti kuria. dokumenti an nivTieri mtkicebuleba dasaSvebi mtkiceb ulebaa, Tu mxares SeuZlia mowmed dahkiTxos piri, romelmac moipova/Seqmna igi an/da romelTanac inaxeboda sasamarTloSi wardge­namde.~

mocemuli muxli adgens or kriteriums, romelTa dak­mayofilebis SemTxvevaSi dokuments mxaris moTxovnis SemTx vevaSi eqneba mtkicebulebiTi Zala. kerZod, dokumentis war momavlobisa da avTenturobis dadasturebis aucileblobas. pirveli krite­

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riumia dokumentis warmomavloba, rac gulisx mobs, rom cnobi­lia misi Sedgenis TariRi, masSi informaciis Semyvani piri an organizacia, informaciis Seyvanis pirobebi da sxva garemoebebi, romelic miuTiTebs informaciis warmo mavlobaze. rac Seexeba dokumentis avTenturobas, avTenturo ba niSnavs, rom avTentu­ria dokumenti, Tu igi aris namdvili, saxeSeucvleli, ekuTvnis konkretul pirs da a.S.

kidev ufro mniSvnelovania moTxovna, rom dokumenti ar SeiZleba iyos dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba, Tu ar arsebobs mowme, romelmac moipova/Seqmna igi an/da romelTanac inaxeboda sa­samarTloSi wardgenamde.

sxva sityvebiT, dokumentis avTenturobis Semowmeba Ses­aZlebelia swored da mxolod da mxolod Sesabamisi mowmis dakiTxvis safuZvelze.

avTenturobis moTxovna nivTier mtkicebulebebsac exeba (ix. axali kodeqsis 77­e muxlis me­4 nawili).

sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebisaTvis dokumenti xSir­ad xdeba mtkicebulebaTa mniSvnelovani wyaro. Tumca, saproce­so kodeqsis am debulebis ganmartebisas unda gaviT valiswinoT TviT `dokumentis~ buneba.

amgvar gansazRvrebas detalurad ayalibebs me­3 muxlis 23­e nawili, romlis mixedviT dokumenti mtkicebulebaa, Tu is Sei­cavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqtobrivi da samarT lebrivi garemoebebis dasadgenad saWiro cnobas. dokumentad iTvleba nebismieri wyaro, romelSic informacia aRbeWdilia sityvier­niSnobrivi formiT an/da foto­, kino­, video­, bger isa Tu sxva Canaweris saxiT an sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT.

rogorc vxedavT, mocemul muxlSi CamonaTvalis saxiT aris moyvanili informaciis nebismieri wyaro, `romelSic informa­cia aRbeWdilia sityvier­niSnobrivi formiT, an/da foto, kino, video, bgerisa Tu sxva Canaweris saxiT, an sxva teqnikuri sa­Sualebis gamoyenebiT~. Sesabamisad, aq igulisx meba ara mxolod werilobiTi dokumenti, aramed kompiuteris faili, amonaweri satelefono zarebis uwyisidan da aS.

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mtkicebulebis SefasebamtkicebulebaTa samarTlebrivi Sefaseba aris kanonis

fsiqologiis, filosofiis, ritorikisa da saRi azris nazavi. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 82­emuxlis pirveli

nawilis mixedviT mtkicebuleba unda Sefasdes sisx lis samarT­lis saqmesTan misi relevanturobis, dasaSvebobis da utyuaro­bis TvalsazrisiT.

mocemuli muxlis pirveli nawili ayalibebs sam kriteri­ums, romelTa safuZvelzec unda Sefasdes mtkicebuleba: es aris Semxebloba saqmesTan, dasaSveboba da utyuaroba.

mtkicebulebis Semxebloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan gulisxmobs, rom mtkicebuleba relevanturia mocemuli pro­cesisaTvis da masTan aris dakavSirebuli. Sesabamisad, mtkice­bulebas ar eqneba gadamwyveti Zala, Tu is ar aris kavSirSi saqmis arsTan da axals arafers sZens saqmes Tundac sxva mt­kicebulebis dadasturebis mxriv.

mtkicebuleba relevanturia, Tu igi Seicavs, adasturebs an uaryofs informacias mtkicebis saganTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod:

a) mas SeuZlia saqmisaTvis samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani garemoebis an varaudis damtkiceba, an uaryofa.

magaliTad, braldebis mxarem mtkicebulebad waradgina ga­naCeni braldebulis nasamarTlobaze, riTac braldebis mxare daadasturebs braldebulis mier araerTgzisi danaSaulis Ca­denas.

amasTan, saqmisaTvis samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani gare­moebisa Tu varaudis arseboba an/da ararseboba logikurad unda gamomdinareobdes mtkicebulebidan;

b) mas SeuZlia saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa Sesaxeb mniS­vnelovani raime garemoebis, varaudis damtkiceba an uaryofa.

rac Seexeba meore kriteriums, mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebo­bis sakiTxs, ukve visaubreT saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis komentirebisas.

bolos, mtkicebulebis utyuaroba gulisxmobs misi Si naarsis Sefasebas, Tu ramdenad akmayofilebs igi procesis konkretul stadiaze gamoyenebad mtkicebulebiT standarts. winasasamarTlo

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gamoZiebis dros is unda akmayofilebdes dasabuTebuli varaudis standarts danaSaulis Cadenis Tao baze, xolo winasasamarTlo sxdomaze da ganaCenis gamota nisas – Sesabamisad, maRali alba­Tobisa da gonivrul eWvs miRma standartebs. mtkicebulebis Semfasebelma am mxriv unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom xSirad calke aRebuli mtkicebuleba damoukideblad ver iqneba romelime am standartis damakmayo filebeli; Sesabamisad, mtkicebulebebis Se­faseba unda moxdes sxva mtkicebulebTan erTobliobiT.

saintereso iqneba vnaxoT Tu, rogor aris mtkicebule baTa Sefasebis sakiTxi mowesrigebuli amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi skiTxebi asaxulia mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb feder­alur wesebSi. aRniSnuli wesebis mixedviT rel evanturi mtkice­buleba aris iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic nebismieri faqtis arsebobas, romelic konkretuli qmedebis gansazRvris Sedegia, ufro metad an naklebad SesaZlebels xdis, vidre mtkiceb­ulebis gareSe. yvela relevanturi mt kicebuleba daSvebulia, Tuki misi daSveba ar arRvevs zogi erT gamonaklis/gansakuTrebul wess; orazrovania an Seesab ameba varaudebs; dasaSvebia yvela relevanturi mtkicebuleba, Tu amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciiT, kongresis aqtiT, an sxva wesebiT, an uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier misi kanonieri uflebamosilebis farglebSi gamocemuli wesebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. mtkice­buleba, romelic ar aris relevanturi, dauSvebelia.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mtkicebuleba relevanturia, Sesa­Zloa igi ar iqnes daSvebuli, Tu mis mtkicebulebiT Zalas mniSvnelovnad gadawonis usamarTlo mikerZoebis, sakiTxebis aR­revis, an nafici msajulebis SecdomaSi Seyvanis, an usafuZ vlo gaWianurebis, drois fuWi xarjvis, an krebsiTi mtkice bulebis usargeblo warmodgenis safrTxe.

mtkicebulebis mtkicebulebiTi Zalis Sedarebisas 403­e wesiT gansazRvrul safrTxeebTan da mosazrebebTan, rogorc wesi, balansi unda ixrebodes mtkicebulebis daSvebis sa­sargeblod~. `sasamarTloebma 403­e wesi daaxasiaTes, ro gorc gansakuTrebiT gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi gamosayenebeli meqanizmi,

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romelic SesaZleblobas aZlevs pirveli instanciis sasamarT­los, ar dauSvas sxvagvarad relevanturi mtkiceb uleba~.

`usamarTlo mikerZoeba~. 403­e wesi `gvTavazobs dacvas ara iseTi mtkicebulebebisagan, romlebic mxolod mikerZoeb­ulia im TvalsazrisiT, rom isini wamgebiania erT­erTi mx­aris saqmisaTvis, aramed wesi gvTavazobs dacvas mxolod is­eTi mt kicebulebebisagan, romlebic usamarTlod mikerZoebulia. mt kicebuleba usamarTlod mikerZoebulia mxolod maSin, Tu mas gaaCnia `arasaTanado tendencia SesTavazos gadawyvetileba arasaTanado safuZvliT~, rogorc wesi, Tumca ara yovelTvis, emociuri safuZvliT~. mtkicebuleba usamarTlod mikerZoe­bulia, Tu igi `nafici msajulebis TanagrZnobaze TamaSobs, aR­viZebs maT SiSebs, maTi dasjis instinqtis provocirebas axdens~, an sxvagvarad SeiZleba aiZulos nafici msajulebi, TavianTi gadawyvetileba daafuZnon raime sxvaze, garda saqmis dadgenil garemoebebisa.

saerTo maxasiaTeblebis mtkicebulebam, rodesac igi mi­iCneva, rom kumulatiuria, SesaZloa moipovos didi gamo sacdeli Rirebuleba/xasiaTi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi diskreciuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi gamoricxos Sesa bamisi mtkicebule­ba, Tu misi probaciuli xasiaTi gadawona sasamarTlo procesis SeCereba/gadavadebam, mosamarTleebis SecdomaSi Seyvanam. ubralo, umniSvnelo an savarudo mniS vnelobis mtkicebuleba SesaZloa iyos ubralod Seusabamo imisTvis, rom es riskebi gadawonos saqmeebis zogierTi mniS vnelovani an/da gamosadegi magaliTebi, sadac saapelacio sa samarTloebma konkretuli tipis mtkiceb­ulebebi miiCnies ro gorc Seusabamo Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:

msxverplTa piradi warsulis Sesaxeb Cvenebebi/mtkiceb­ulebebi, rac sasamarTloze nebismieri sakiTxTan/problemas­Tan Seusabamoa,unda gamoiricxos; im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT rom msxverplis Sesaxedaoba danaSaulamde ar iyo saqmis gare moebebTan Sesabamisi, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, rom por treti dasaS­vebad cno, iyo mcdari (mkvlelobis msxverplis Sesaxeb mtkice­buleba/Cveneba da misi foto gadaRebuli sanam cocxali iyo Seusabamoa, uzanaesi sasamarTlo araswori iyo, rodesac mtkice­

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bulebad dauSva msxverplis foto, romelic gadaRebuli iyo mis sicocxleSi, radgan es mtkicebuleba ar iyo sasamarTlo pro­cesis raime materialuri faqtis Sesa bamisi); (is mtkicebuleba, romelic emsaxureba mxolod imis mtkicebas, rom warmoadginos msxverplis kargi xasiaTi da mis naTesavebze danaSaulis gav­lena, unda gamoiricxos, rom Seusabamoa); sasamarTlom Secdoma dauSva, rodesac dasaS vebad cno msxverplis foto Tavis qal­iSvilTan erTad da bavSvis Sexedulebasa da pirovnuli maxasi­aTeblebis Sesaxeb mokle aRweriloba, radgan es mtkicebuleba Seusabamo iyo. prokurorma maswavleblisgan miiRo Cveneba misi jildoebis Sesaxeb. maswavleblis Cveneba, Tu ras grZnobda igi, rodesac mopasuxis saklaso oTaxi datova, Seusabamo iyo. Tumca amas SeeZlo mosamarTleebi mieyvana im daskvnamde, rom Tu aseTma gamorCeulma maswavlebelma icoda, rom raRac araswori xde boda mopasuxesa da msxverpls Soris, maSin ufro savaraudoa, rom gadacdomas adgili ar hqonia); mopasuxis qceva qurdobi dan sami dRis Semdeg danaSaulis mimdebare teritoriaze ar niSnavs mis danaSaulSi monawileobis (sasamarTlom Secdoma dauSva, rode­sac mtkicebulebad dauSva Cveneba mopasuxisgan misi dakavebis dros 1,027 dolaris CamorTmevis Sesaxeb da TviTon es fulic. (mopasuxe daakaves narkotikebiT vaWrobi dan erTi Tvis Semdeg da braldebam ver SeZlo daemtkicebina am Tanxasa da brals So­ris kavSiri); mopasuxisgan aRebuli Tanxa, romelsac ar hqonda aranairi kavSiri narkotikebiT vaWrobasTan iyo Seusabamo); mt­kicebuleba, rom narkotiki, romelic dakavebis dros mopasuxis gverdiT mdgoms hqonda, iyo Seusabamo, vinaidan arc erTi mt­kicebuleba ar amtkicebs rom isini erTad moqmedebdnen); (mt­kicebuleba, rom mopasu xe flobda danas, ar SeiZleba dasaSvebi yofiliyo iaraRis gamoyenebis gareSe Cadenili qurdobis saqmeSi. ufro met ic, mtkicebuleba mopasuxis mxridan danis flobaze qmnida safrTxes, rom sasamarTloze damtkicdeboda, rom mopa­suxes winaswar hqonda ganzraxuli qurdobis Cadena).

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mxareebs Soris mtkicebulebebaTa Sesaxebinformaciis gacvla

muxli #83 _ SesaZlo mtkicebulebaTa Taobaze informa ciis gacvla mxareebis mier

1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze dac­vis mxaris moTxovna braldebis mxaris im informaciis gac nobis Taobaze, romlis mtkicebulebad sasamarTloSi ward genasac braldebis mxare apirebs, dauyovnebliv unda dakmayo fildes. braldebis mxare aseve valdebulia am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi dacvis mxares gadasces mis xelT arsebuli gama­marTlebeli mtkicebulebebi.

2. dacvis mxaris moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Semdeg bral­debis mxare uflebamosilia dacvis mxarisagan miiRos is in­formacia, romlis mtkicebulebad sasamarTloSi wardgenasac dacvis mxare apirebs.

3. informaciis gacvlis moTxovnis Semdeg im momenti saTvis arsebuli masalis mxarisaTvis sruli moculobiT gadaucemloba iwvevs am masalis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobas.

4. am muxlis pirveli da me­2 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebu li mxareebis mier informaciis gacvlis Taobaze dgeba oqmi, rom­lis aslic egzavneba sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan erTad.

5. dacvis mxaris ufleba informaciis gadacemis Taobaze Sei­Zleba braldebis mxaris SuamdgomlobiT SezRudos sa samarTlom mxolod operatiul­samZebro RonisZiebis Sedegad miRebuli in­formaciis nawilSi da mxolod winasasamarTlo sxdomamde.

6. winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde ara ugvianes 5 dRisa mxareebma erTmaneTs da sasamarTlos unda miawodon im momentisaTvis maT xelT arsebuli sruli informacia, rom lis mtkicebulebad sasamarTloSi wardgenasac apireben.

7. mxareebma sakuTari xarjiT unda gadascen erTmaneTs in­formacia dokumentis aslis saxiT, sxva masalis SemTxvevaSi ki _ cnobis saxiT. dasaSvebia nivTieri mtkicebulebis daT­valierebac, Tu es ar iwvevs mis an masze arsebuli kvalis da­

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zianebas an ganadgurebas. 8. braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirvel wardgenamde mxa reebi

valdebuli arian miscen erTmaneTs im informaciisa da mtkiceb­ulebis gacnobis SesaZlebloba, romelTa sasamarT loSi wardge­nasac isini apireben, aseve gadascen werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis aslebi.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 83­e muxli adgens mxareTa Soris mtkicebulebis gacvlis saproceso wess.

mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis mniSvneloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom is emsaxureba mxareTa Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofas. misi erT­erTi daniSnulebaa is, rom SesaZle­blobas aZlevs mxareebs kargad moamzadon sakuTari pozicia. aseve emsaxureba sasamarTlo procesis efeqturobas, vinaidan, Tu mxarem informacia romelime konkretuli mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb Seityo meore mxarisagan sasamarTlo procesis mimdin­areobisas, es gamoiwvevda procesis gadadebasa da gaWianurebas: sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSi valdebulia meore mxares misces sa­Sualeba, gaecnos warmodgenil mtkicebulebas da moamzados sa­kuTari pozicia. mtkicebulebis gacvla aseve SesaZlebels xdis mxareebs Soris SeTanxmebas konkretuli mtkicebulebis Taobaze, rac gaamartivebs sasamarTlo ganxilvas.

mtkicebulebis cnebidan gamomdinare, `gasacvleli infor­macia~ exeba mxolod iseT informacias, romelic mtkiceb ulebis saxiT SesaZlebelia wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi. es informa­cia SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes rogorc winasa samarTlo stadi­aze, ise arsebiTi ganxilvis drosac, vinaid an informacia mtkice­bulebis statuss iZens sasamarTloSi wardgenisTanave – Tundac is gamovlinda arsebiTi ganxilvis stadiaze.

83­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze dacvis

mxaris moTxovna braldebis mxaris im informaciis gacnobis Taobaze, romlis mtkicebulebad sasamarTloSi wardgenasac braldebis mxare apirebs, dauyovnebliv unda dakmayofil des. braldebis mxare aseve valdebulia am nawiliT gaT valiswinebul SemTxvevaSi dacvis mxares gadasces mis xelT arsebuli gama­

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marTlebeli mtkicebulebebi.~ rogorc vxedavT, moTxovnis iniciatori SesaZlebelia mx­

olod dacvis mxare iyos; amasaTan, gasacvleli informaciis moculoba braldebisaTvis ufro didia, vidre dacvis mxari­saTvis.

braldeba ar aris valdebuli, dacvas gadasces is Si­dasamsaxurebrivi dokumentebi, piradi Canawerebi, romlebic braldebis mier sasamarTloSi ar iqneba wardgenili an ar gaaCnia mtkicebulebiTi Zala da ver iqneba wardgenili sa samarTloSi. es informacia gadacemas ar eqvemdebareba, Tumca misi gaziareba dacvis mxarisaTvis akrZaluli ar aris.

amasTan, 83­e muxlis I nawili erTmniSvnelovnad adgens, rom zemoT moyvanili wesi ar vrceldeba braldebis xelT arsebul `gamamarTlebel mtkicebulebaze~. am SemTxvevaSi, es aris nebis­mieri saxis informacia, romelic Tundac ar iqneba wardgenili sasamarTloSi braldebis mier an ar gaaC nia mtkicebulebiTi Zala, magram, amasTan, Seicavs monacemebs, romlebic dacvisaTvis mniSvnelovania misi udanaSaulobis dasamtkiceblad. es SeiZleba moicavdes Sidasamsaxurebriv dokumentsac, gasaubrebis Canawers da informaciis sxva wya ros. orive mxare adgens saqmis sakuTar masalebs, romlebic mxareebis mier erTmaneTisagan damoukide­blad moipoveba da mzaddeba sasamarTlos arsebiTi ganxilvisaT­vis. Sesabamisad, dacvis mxares, survili aqvs, icnobdes bral­debis xelT arse bul masalebs, raTa srulyofilad moemzados procesisaTvis.

mocemul muxlSi pirdapir ar aris naTqvami Tu ramden­jer SeuZlia dacvis mxares aseTi moTxovnis dayeneba, Tumca is garemoeba, rom dacvis mxares SeuZlia procesis nebismier sta­diaze moiTxovos misTvis mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb infor maciis gadacema, gulisxmobs rom dacvas aRniSnuli uflebis realizeba SeuzRudavad SeuZlia.

83­e muxlis pirveli nawili aseve adgens, rom dacvis mxaris moTxovna `dauyovnebliv~ unda dakmayofildes. amasTan, sapro­ceso kodeqsi ar adgens raime konkretul saproceso vadas am konkretuli moTxovnisaTvis.

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braldebis mier informaciis moTxovnaaxali kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad: — `dacvis mxaris moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Semdeg bral­

debis mxare uflebamosilia dacvis mxarisagan miiRos is infor­macia, romlis mtkicebulebad sasamarTloSi wardgena sac dacvis mxare apirebs.~

prokurors ar SeuZlia sakuTari iniciativiT moiTxovos informacia.

„dacvis mxaris moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Semdeg~ imaze miuTiTebs, rom dacvis mxaris mier informaciis moTxovnis day­eneba da am moTxovnis dakmayofileba aucilebeli piro baa imisaT­vis, rom braldebis mxares mieces dacvisaTvis aseTive moTxovnis dayenebis ufleba. anu braldebas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos infor­macia, Tu dacvam ukve ar miiRo igi.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, romelime mxaris mier informaciis gacvlis moTxovnis Semdeg im momentisaTvis arsebuli masalis meo re mxarisaTvis sruli moculobiT gadaucemloba am masalis dauS­vebel mtkicebulebad miCnevis safuZvelia.

rogorc vxedavT, mocemuli muxli adgens pasuxismge blobis saproceso formas romelime mxaris mier informaciis kodeqsiT dadgenili moculobiT gadaucemlobis SemTxvevaSi. es aris mtki­cebulebis dauSveblad cnoba, sityvebi `am ma salis~ imas unda niSnavdes, rom dauSvebel mtkicebulebad miCneul iqneba sruli masala, maT Soris misi is nawilic, romelic gadacemul iqna da is nawilic, romelic gadacemul ar iqna.

informaciis moTxovnaze dacvis uflebis SezRudvaerTaderTi SezRudva, romelsac eqvemdebareba dacvis mx­

aris mier informaciis moTxovna, exeba operatiul­samZebro RonisZiebis Sedegad miRebul informacias.

axali kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­5 nawilis Tanaxmad: `dacvis mxaris ufleba informaciis gadacemis Taobaze Sei­

Zleba braldebis mxaris SuamdgomlobiT SezRudos sa samarTlom mxolod operatiul­samZebro RonisZiebis Sedegad miRebuli in­

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formaciis nawilSi da mxolod winasasamarTlo sxdomamde.~ maSasadame, aseTi SezRudva avtomaturi ki ar aris, aramed

SesaZlebelia dawesdes sasamarTlos mier braldebis Suamd­gomlobis safuZvelze.

amasTanave, SezRudva mxolod winasasamarTlo sxdomamde grZeldeba da, aqedan gamomdinare, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze da mis Semdgom dacvis mxares operatiul­samZebro RonisZiebis Ses­axeb informaciac unda gadaeces.

sruli informaciis gadacemis valdebulebaaxali kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­6 nawilis Tanaxmad: `winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dRiT adre mxa reebma

erTmaneTs da sasamarTlos unda miawodon im momen tisaTvis maT xelT arsebuli sruli informacia, romlis mtkicebulebad sa­samarTloSi wardgenasac apireben.~

sanam winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dReze meti rCeba, erTi mxaris mier meorisaTvis informaciis gadacemis val­debulebis warmoSoba meore mxaris moTxovnazea damokide buli: Tu mxare ar iTxovs informacias, mas igi ar gadaecema. magram winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dRiT adre TiToeulma mxarem meores unda gadasces sruli informacia da amisaTvis ar aris saWiro meore mxaris moTxovna. mo cemuli debuleba war­moadgens mxareTa Soris informaciis gacvlis garantias, imisda miuxedavad, gamoiyenes Tu ara maT sakuTari uflebamosileba am muxlis debulebebis Sesabam isad. amasTan, mtkicebulebebi unda gadaeces sasamarTlosac, vinaidan winasasamarTlo sxdomaze mosamarTles braldebis safuZvlianobis dadgena mouwevs.

ra formiT unda gadascen mxareebma erTmaneTs informacia? am kiTxvaze pasuxs axali kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­7 nawili

iZleva: `mxareebma sakuTari xarjiT unda gadascen erTmaneTs in­

formacia dokumentis aslis saxiT, sxva masalis SemTxvevaSi ki – cnobis saxiT. dasaSvebia nivTieri mtkicebulebis daT­valierebac, Tu es ar iwvevs mis an masze arsebuli kvalis da­zianebas an ganadgurebas.~

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braldebulisaTvis informaciis gacnobis valdebulebaaxali kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­8 nawilis Tanaxmad: `braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirvel wardgenamde bral debis

mxare valdebulia mas misces im informaciisa da mt kicebulebis gacnobis SesaZlebloba, romelTa sasamarTloSi wardgenasac braldebis mxare apirebs, aseve gadasces werilo biTi mtkiceb­ulebebis aslebi.~

sityvebSi `sasamarTloSi pirvel wardgenamde~ igulisx­meba braldebulis sasamarTloSi wardgena misTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis mizniT.

dacvis sagamonakliso uflebaaxali kodeqsis 84­e muxli dacvas aniWebs erT damatebiT

privilegias, romlis analogi braldebas ar gaaCnia. kerZod, 83­e muxlis pirobebis miuxedavad, dacvas SeuZlia ar gadasces bral­debas misi dacvis uzrunvelsayofad gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani informacia da aseT SemTxvevaSi mas gadaucemeli mtkiceb ulebis dauSveblad miCnevis sanacvlod mxolod saproceso xarjebis gadaxdis valdebuleba ekisreba:

`dacvis mxaris mier iseTi mtkicebulebis warudgen­loba, romelic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi dacvis uz­runvelsayofad, ar iwvevs sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiT ganx­ilvaze am mtkicebulebis dauSveblobas. am SemTxvevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomare dacvis mxares gankargulebiT akisrebs saproceso xarjebis anazRaurebas. “. (muxli 84. dacvis mxaris sagamonak­liso ufleba amoRebul iqnes (14.06.2013. N741 amoqmeddes 2014 wlis 1 seqtembridan)

am SemTxvevaSi saintereso iqneba gavceT pasuxi, Tu vis ekis­reba saproceso xarjebis gadaxda. Tu mivyvebiT mocemuli deb­ulebis ganmartebas, mosamarTle saproceso xarjebis gadaxdas akisrebs dacvis mxares, dacvis mxares ki sssk­is me­3 muxlis mixedviT warmoadgens braldebuli, msjavrdebuli, gamarTle­buli da advokati. Sesabamisad, upriani iqneba Tu ad vokatebi aRniSnul garemoebas gaiTvaliswineben dasacav pirTan iuridi­uli momsaxurebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis dadebis dros.

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daskvnis saxiT unda aRiniSnos, rom kodeqsis 83­e mux lis redaqcia da arsebuli praqtika ufro met SekiTxvas badebs, vidre pasuxs gascems. gansakuTrebiT problematuria im infor­maciis moculobis da farglebis dadgena, romelic eqvemdebareba gadacemas.

xSiria dava imis Taobaze, gadaecema Tu ara dacvas bral­debis sasamarTlo, arasavldebulo gasaubrebisa Tu gamokiTx vis oqmebi, Canawerebi da sxva amgvari tipis informacia.

amasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso iqneba Tu vnaxavT ro gori damokidebuleba arsebobs am sakiTxebisadmi amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.

kavSiri gamoZiebis valdebulebasa da aRmoCenas Sorisdacvis efeqturi daxmarebis miRebis ufleba, rac namd­

vilad AaRiarebs gamoZiebis Catarebis valdebulebas, arafe­ria sasamarTloSi warsadgeni SesaZlo mtkicebulebze xelmi­sawvdomobis gareSe. yvela saqmeSi Sesabamisi gamoZiebis miz nis miRwevas yovelTvis axlavs sistematuri da praqtikuli dab­rkolebebi. informaciis gacvla mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb, ase vTqvaT, gvTavazobs ukeTesi gamoZiebis warmatebas/prog ress na­klebi uaryofiTi mxareebiT. mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informa­ciis gacvlis procesis gaxangrZliveba aris bral debis mxaris mier Seqmnili dabrkoleba im situaciebSi, sadac ubralod ar arsebobs saWiro informacia an misi prokuror isTvis gaziarebis SesaZlebloba, magaliTad, fsiqikuri daa vadebis gamo.

winasasamarTlo sxdomisTvis arsebobs uflebamosilebis Semdegi xuTi wyaro: 1. statutebi; 2. sasamarTlos wesebi; 3. mosamarTleebis ganuyofeli Zalaufleba samarTlianobis miRw­evisaTvis aRmoCenis ganxorcielebis nebarTva gascen; 4. sajaro samarTali; 5. konstitucia. ZiriTadad, sasamarTlos wesebi Tu statuti gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saqmee bSi mtkiceb­ulebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis wesebs. es wesebi adgenen proceduras, maT Soris, dros da gansazRvraven ra aris mtkice­bulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis sagani. wesebi sxvadasxva Statsa da federalur sistemaSi gansx vavdeba. erT mxares arian

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iseTebi, romlebic Zalian SemzRud vel federalur wesebs mis­deven (aseTi daaxloebiT 12­ia). xolo meore mxares arian ufro meti raodenobis, romlebic misdeven 1970 wlis amerikis advo­katTa asociaciis stand artebs. Statebis daaxloebiT naxevari am speqtris, ase vTqvaT SuaSi dgas.

gansxvaveba federalur da ABA ­s modelebs Soris mdgo­mareobs mowmeebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis sakiTxSi, rac damcvelis mxridan gamoZiebis SesaZleblobisTvis sasicocx lod mniSvnelovania. Statebi, romlebic ABA­s modelebiT xelmZ­Rvaneloben, ZiriTadad braldebisgan moiTxoven im mow meebis saxelebis da misamarTebis gaxmaurebas, romelTa sa samarTloSi gamoZaxebasac braldeba apirebs. amgvarad, didi Statebi, rogori­caa, kalifornia, ilinosi, miCigani, niu­jersi da pensilvania _ ufro farTo wesebi aqvT, vidre niu­iorks, gansakuTrebiT mow­meTa Sesaxeb informaciis gaxmovanebasTan dakavSirebiT. florida damcvels imis nebasac ki aZlevs, rom braldebis zogierT mowmes ficis qveS miaceminos Cveneba. amis sawinaaRmdegod, amJamindeli federaluri wesebi ar rTavs nebas mowmeTa vinaobis gamxelas. Zalian cota darCa iseTi iurisdiqciebisa, sadac SezRuduli informaciis gacvla mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb aris wesi, miuxe­davad sxva iuris diqciebSi mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis farTo wesis arsebobis aTeulobiT wlebis warmatebuli gamoc dilebisa. am seqciis `a~ nawili mimoixilavs niu­iorkis Statis. mt kicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla process rogorc zogadad, ise jein smitis saqmis praqtikul magaliTze, rac SesavalSi mokled iyo aRwerili. es moaxdens VI cvli­lebis gamoZiebis valdebulebasa da SemzRudav aRmoCenis wesebs So ris konfliqtis ilustracias. xolo `b~ nawili mokled Se exeba informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis konstituciur safuZv­els, rac ZiriTadad SezRudulia mopasuxis uflebiT, hqondes gamamarTlebeli mtkicebuleba (flobdes braldeba).

a. niu-iorkis mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis SemzRudavi statutis precedentuli Seswavla

niu­iorkis StatSi mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaci is

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gacvlis wesebi ZiriTadad sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod­eqsis 240­e muxliT ganisazRvreba. imisaTvis, rom Seva fasoT is ZiriTadi roli, rasac es statuti TamaSobs dam cvelis infor­maciisadmi xelmisawvdomobaSi, mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT, rom ar arsebobs niu­iorkis statutis gareTGaseTi xelmisawvdomobis SesaZlebloba. vnaxoT ori magaliTi, winas wari mosmenebi da ne­bayoflobiTi gaxmaureba xSirad moixsenieba/aRiniSneba, rogorc informaciisadmi xelmisawvdomobis alternatiuli wyaro.

niu­iorkis prokurorebi ZiriTadad Tavidan icileben wi­naswar mosmenebs da mis nacvlad nafic msajulTa/mosamarTleTa kolegiis process iyeneben. niu­iorkis saqmeebis umrav lesobaSi ar arsebobs mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis Ses­aZleblobebi winaswari mosmenis etapze.

informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis kidev erT potenciur wy­aros warmoadgens prokuroris mxridan informaciis nebayo­flobiT gaxmaureba, mis farglebs gareT an mas Sedeg, vidre statuti moiTxovs. sanam simarTles warmoadgens is faqti rom prokurorTa garkveuli raodenoba nebayoflobiT gaax maurebs in­formacias sxvadasxva iurisdiqciebsa da garemoebebSi, es mainc gauTvaliswinebelia da ar gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, manhetenis prokurorebi xelmZRvaneloben SemzRudavi statu tiT, maSin rodesac bruklinSi mdinaris gadaRma prokurorebi nebayoflo­biT gvTavazoben Ria saqmis aRmoCena/gamoZiebas.

Tuki winasasamarTlo procesebiT an nebayoflobiT gax­maurebis saSualebiT informacia xelmisawvdomia, es wyaroebi ver Caanacvleben mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacv lis/gamoZiebis statuts gamoZiebis valdebulebis ganxor cielebis saWiro saSualebebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. winaswari mosmenebis dros _ Tu xdeba _ xSirad eZleva damcvels in formaciaze xelmisawvdomobis nebarTva, magram es informacia arc damtkice­buli da arc srulia. rogorc erT­erT praqti kul saxelmZR­vaneloSia aRniSnuli, iseT iSviaT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac proku­rori winaswar mosmenebs atarebs, igi ecdeba Cveneba absolutur minimumamde SeinarCunos da daarwmunos mosamarTle saqme nafic msajulebs gadasces. nebayoflobiTi gaxmaurebis ganxorciele­

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biT damcvelma SesaZloa igrZnos, rom SezRudulia, srulad da efeqturad gamoiyenos gaxmaurebuli masalebi. amgvarad, wi­nasasamarTlo mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis/gamoZieba iqneba efeqturi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu obieqturi standartebis Sesabamisad miukerZoeblad xorcieldeba. mokled, gamoZiebis unari/SesaZlebloba garkveul saq meebSi damokidebu­lia mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis statutze. niu­iorksa da sxva iurisdiqciebSi, sadac informaciaze xelmis­awvdomoba msgavsad SezRudulia, damcve lis efeqturi daxmarebis miRebis ufleba axlo kavSirSia mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb infor­maciis gacvlis statutTan da sakmaod kritikuli sakiTxia am statutis detaluri Ses wavla VI cvlilebis EWrilSi.

1979 wels 240­e muxlSi ZiriTadi cvlilebis Semdeg, niu­iorkis saapelacio sasamarTlom axali kanonis potencia lis ufro vardisferi suraTi daxata, sadac AaRniSna, rom: bral­debisa da dacvis mxridan winasasamarTlo sxdomisTvis mtkice­bulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla arsebiTad xels uwyobs marTlmsajulebis samarTlian da efqtur ganxor cielebas.

samwuxarod, dacvis mxarem araferi icis braldebis saqmis Sesaxeb, sanam sasamarTlos procesze ar gacxaddeba.

240 muxli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis uflebas aniWebs mxolod sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis SemTx­vevaSi sabralmdebo aqtis, xolo gadacdomis SemTxvevaSi ̀ infor­maciis~ wardgenis Semdeg. amgvarad, ar arsebobs mt kicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis ufleba dakave basa da sabralmdebo aqtis an informaciis wardgenas Soris. gadacdomebTan dakav­SirebiT es SeiZleba iyos daaxloebiT 90 dRe mas Semdeg, rac mopasuxe pirvelad gamoCndeba sasamarT loSi mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis SesaZle blobebis gareSe. sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi es periodi SeiZleba 6 Tvemde gaizardos.

dakavebis Semdeg, periodi sagamoZiebo procesisTvis kri­tikulia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac dakaveba incidentidan maleve moxda. rogorc mosamarTle brenanma aRniSna:

rodesac damcvels aSkarad sWirdeba mZime pasuxismge blobis

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ganmuxtva, Cven maT vaZlevT imis gakeTebis SesaZle blobas, ra­sac braldeba akeTebs maSin, rodesac sasamarTlo aris axali, anu, eZios damnaSavis ambis dadastureba an misi ararseboba gare faqtebis meSveobiT.

es periodi aseve kritikulia im sistemaSi, rac Zalian damokidebulia saproceso SeTanxmebasTan da sadac gadacdomaTa erT procentze naklebi da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulTa 5 procenti midis sasamarTloSi. niu­iorkSi prokurors SeuZlia sabraldebo daskvnis Sevsebamde an informaciis wardge namde Ses­Tavazos saproceso SeTanxmeba. Tu mopasuxe miiRebs SeTavazebas, mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis ufleba SeiZleba kidev amoqmeddes, rogorc ki SeTanxmebaSi Seva. mas Semdeg, rac sabraldebo daskvna an informacia ward genilia, mtkicebule­bebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis sam etapad xorcieldeba: 1. sabraldebo daskvnis an informaciis wardgenis Semdeg; 2. wina­sasamarTlo mosmenaze; 3. sasamarT loze. Faqtiurad, niu­iorkis am statutis mixedviT mopasux es aqvs sul mcire winasasamarT­lo mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis ufleba, rac gamoZiebis miznis miRwevas Seuwyobs xels. albaT yvelaze mniS­vnelovania, rom ar ar sebobs braldebis mowmeebis vinaobis aR­moCenis normatiuli meqanizmi. sanam damcvelma SesaZloa Seityos vinaoba sasamarT los mowmeebis winasasamarTlo Cvenebebis miRe­biT, prokurori ar aris valdebuli CarTos es saxelebi nafici msajulebi/mosamarTleTa arCevis an daniSvnis Semdeg.

davubrundeT jein smitis saqmes. rogorc braldebis saqmi­dan Seityve, Sens klients bralad edeba qurdobis Ca dena. igi prokurorisTvis nacnobma pirma daadanaSaula 3.500 dolaris moparvaSi sami Tvis win mesame aveniusa da 23 quCis kuTxeSi. Seni interviu qalbaton smitTan cota xans grZel deba ori mizezis gamo. pirveli, imitom,rom qalbatoni smiti udanaSaulo iyo. mas ar SeeZlo am braldebasTan dakavSirebiT rame eTqva, vinaidan erTaderTi, risi Tqmac SeeZlo, iyo is, rom daaxloebiT 1 saaTze igi imyofeboda ufaso sasadiloSi da aqac TariRTan dakavSirebiT ar iyo darwmunebuli, radgan danaSauls adgili hqonda sami Tvis win. mas ar axsovs sasa dilos saxeli, magram

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SeuZlia gviTxras daaxloebiTi misa marTi da SeuZlia iqamde migiyvanos. meore, is Sen ar gendoba da Senc namdvilad ar Se­giZlia moipovo misi ndoba mxolod saqmis codniT; Sen araferi ici braldebebTn dakavSirebiT, garda im ramdenime winadadebisa, rac am saqmeSi erT fur celze weria. uTxari prokurors amis Sesaxeb da sTxove, rom giTxras imaze meti, vidre sarCelSi weria. prokurors meti Tqmis survili ar aqvs da arc sta­tuti moiTxovs gaxmaure bas: rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 240­e muxli gamoiyneba mxolod im sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulebTan mimarTebaSi, rac pasux isgebaSi miscemen/brals wauyeneben. smitis saqmeSi mosamarTle adgens 1.000 dolaris odenobis giraos da xuTi dRis Semdeg qalbaton smits brals wauyeneben da mas aseve ekisreba 1000 dolari. Sen warmodgena ar gaqvs, vin aris mosarCele, Seni gamomZiebeli jer kidev ufaso sasadilos eZebs.

nafici msajulebis/mosamarTleTa kolegiis mier bralis way­enebidan ori kviris Semdeg, Sens klients brali waey ena uzenaes sasamarTloSi. Sen axla ukve SegiZlia moiZio braldebisgan mt­kicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis statutis Tanaxmad. Sens moTxovnaze pasuxad prokurori gatyobinebs, rom Sen ukve gaqvs Setyobineba/cnoba danaSaulis, da dakavebis adgilis, droi­sa da TariRis Sesaxeb da sxva araferi ar SegiZlia moiTxovo. qalbaton smits ar miucia Cveneba, arc nafici msajulebis/mosamarTleTa kolegiis wi naSe, ar yofila mecnieruli testis Tu samedicino gamokv levis werilobiTi angariSebi, arc fotoe­bi, garda qalbaton smitis dakavebis fotoebisa, arc qoneba, romelic mis mepa trones daubrunda da sabolood ar arsebobs raime arsebiTi gamamarTlebeli mtkicebuleba.

niu­iorkis statutis Tanaxmad, pirveli SesaZlebloba, mi­iRo is mniSvnelovani informacia, rac smitis saqmis nam dvili gamoZiebis dawyebis saSualebas mogcems, unda miiRo winasasamarT­lo mosmenaze. es mosmena, rogorc wesi, sasamarT lo procesamde imarTeba. Cveulebriv, mas dakavebidan sasamarT loSi wasvlamde daaxloebiT 10­12 Tve sWirdeba. mosmenaze mopasuxes ufleba aqvs mowmeebis im Cvenebebis nawilze, rac misi winasasamarTlo Cvenebis sakiTxs exeba. TviTon qalba toni smitisTvis mokle mos­

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menaa identificirebis procedur asTan dakavSirebiT. meri jonso­nis misamarTze Sen ufleba ar gaqvs (statutis Tanaxmad).

winasasamarTlo mosmenis Semdeg, maSinve iwyeba mosamarTle­Ta/nafic msajulTa SerCeva. statutis Tanaxmad Sen ufleba gaqvs, mosamarTleTa/nafic msajulTa arCevis Semdeg miiRo sa­samarTlos mowmeebis winaswari Cveneba da kriminaluri isto­ria. Jenksis aqtis mixedviT, dacvis mxaris advokatis moTxov nis Semdeg braldebam `must turn over~ nebismieri braldebis mowmis winaswar Cawerili Cveneba, rac mis sasamarTloze dakiTxvasTan aris dakavSirebuli. sasamarTloebs ar gaaCniaT uflebamosile­ba aseTi Cvenebebis gaxmaurebis brZaneba gascen. Jenksis aqti aris sisxlis samarTlis procesis federaluri wesebidan gam­onaklisi, romelic krZalavs `braldebis poten ciuri mowmeebis Cvenebebis aRmoCena/gamoZiebas YTu Semowme bas.~ orive Seqmnilia imisaTvis, rom gvaCvenos, rom mowmeTa Cvenebebi mxolod dada­naSaulebisaTvis aris Seqmnili da ara imisaTvis, rom dacvis mxares gamoZiebaSi daexmaros. aseTi situaciaa niu­iorkSi.

smitis saqmeSi mosamarTle uaryofs prokuroris mcd elobas mosarCelis misamarTi, redaqtireba moaxdinos. magram exla Sen sasamarTlo procesis SuaSi xar da mosamarTle uay ofs Sens moTxovnasac SeCerebis/gadadebis Sesaxeb. Sen mesijs iReb batoni jonsonisgan, rom daureko mas. Sen akiTxav mas saxlSi imave saRamos maSin, rodesac unda muSaobde bral debis darCenili mowmeebis jvaredin dakiTxvaze, im mowmee bis, romelTa winaswari Cvenebebic miiRe _ magram is saxlSi araa. Semdeg dilas jonsoni Cvenebas aZlevs rogorc ZiriTadi braldebis mowme. misi pirda­piri Cveneba aris mokle: igi xsnis rogor aiRo bankidan 3.500 dolari da rogor gadasca igi qalbaton smits saerTo sawar­mosTvis, romlis SeTavazebac jonsonisTvis gaakeTa, maSin, rode­sac quCis kuTxeSi gaecno. jonsoni ambobs, rom smitma waiRo fuli da arasodes dab runebula. Sen frTxilad xar Seni jvare­dini dakiTxvis dros, radgan gjera, rom saukeTeso argumenti gagaCnia prokuroris saboloo argumentze, rom mosamarTleebi/nafici msajulebi ar daeyrdnobian gonivrul eWvs miRma, im ada­mians, romelmac 3500 dolari sruliad ucxo adamians gadasca.

jvaredini dakiTxva aris erT­erTi yvelaze efeqturi sa­

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Sualeba informaciis sandoobis Sesamowmeblad, im doneze rac jvaredini dakiTxvis mxares xeli miuwvdeba informaciaze da sakmaris droze rac mosamzadeblad sWirdeba.

daaxloebiT 95 procenti saqmeebisa ar midis sasamarT loSi, aramed wydeba saproceso SeTanxmebiT. farTo da ad reuli mt­kicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla/gamoZie ba saWiroa dacvis efeqturi daxmarebis miRebis efeturo bisTvis da gamoiy­eneba ufro metad saproceso SeTanxmebis dros, radgan sapro­ceso SeTanxmebis procesis konteqstSi araadekvaturi gamoZie­ba ufro gavrcelebulia da ufro rTu lia misi aRqma/SemCneva. es problema iSviaTadaa precedentul samarTalSi xazgasmuli, radgan bevri saprocesos gasaCivreba yovelTvis ar xdeba da ga­saCivreba, romelic xdeba, uaryo filia im mkacri standartebiT, rac saproceso SeTanxmebis kanonierebas marTavs/gansazRvravs. namdvilad, Zalian saWiroa braldebis saqmis da SesaZlo dacvis Sesaxeb informaciis qona.

qalbatoni smitis sasamarTlo axdens informaciis dagvi­anebiT gaxmaurebis problemis ilustracias. qalbatoni jon­sonis jvaredini dakiTxvis dros, Sen mas hkiTxe piter lis Sesaxeb, romlis saxelic policiis angariSebSi figurirebs.

igi geubneba, rom batoni li aris misi megobari, romelic movida maSin, rodesac igi smitis dabrunebas elodeboda. mas incidentis arc erTi nawili ar unaxavs, magram jonson­Tan erTad danaSaulis SetyobinebisaTvis wavida. lis misa marTi ar figurirebs arc erT angariSSi, rac Sen gadmogces; mosamarTle uaryofs Sen mier misi misamarTis da sxva nebism ieri policiis angariSis moTxovnas, im mizeziT, rom jonso nis Cvenebis safuZ­velze, mas ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi informacia.

Sen aseve igeb, rom qalbatoni jonsoni aris aziel amerikeli. Seni klienti afroamerikelia. es mniSvnelovania. es aris erTi mowmis identificirebis saqme, sadac ar arse bobs sxva mtkice­buleba da rasobrivi identificireba, ro gorc gamoCnda, praq­tikulad arasandoa. mosamarTle uaryofs Sens moTxovnas saq­mis SeCerebis/gadadebis Sesaxeb, rom ipovo mowme (eqsperti), romelic Cvenebas miscems rasobrivi iden tificirebis Sesaxeb.

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(cross-racial) mas Semdeg, rac braldeba isvenebs, Sen alibs war­moadgen (alibis dacva). Senma stu dentma staJiorma erTi Tvis win ipova is ufaso sasadilo da vinme,vinc aq muSaobda icnobda Sens klients da mas Aaxsov da, rom igi sakmaod regularulad Semodioda lanCisTvis 1 saaTze. samwuxarod, organizacias aqvs politika, rom erTi Tvis Semdeg agdebs sign-in sheets da Sesa­bamisad dacva sakmaod sustia aq. maSinve, rac es informacia miiRe, warudgine sa samarTlos da cnoba/Setyobineba prokurors alibis Sesaxeb. statuti gansazRvravs, rom aseTi Setyobineba ewinaaRmdegeba prokuroris mxridan gaxmaurebis valdebulebas. Tu mopasuxe niu­iorkSi gadawyvets, rom alibis dacva ganaxor­cielos, unda uTxras prokurors ara mxolod misi ganzraxvis Ses axeb, aramed unda miawodos informacia im adgilis Tu adg­ilebis Sesaxeb, sadac im dros imyofeboda, iseve rogorc, yvela aseTi mowmis vinaoba, misamarTi, samsaxurebi da maTi misamarTe­bi, romelTa Cvenebasac apirebs rom daeyrdnos. mgoni, es aris erTaderTi nawili sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsisa, sa­dac prokurors moeTxoveba mowmeebis vinaobisa da misamarTebis turn over, romelTa warmodgenasac igi apirebs, raTa gaabaTilos dacvis alibi.

damnaSavis prezumfciam sasamarTlo da kanonmdebeli mi iyvana im daskvnamde, rom prokurors unda hqondes yvela saWiro in­formacia gaxmaurebuli, rom gamoZiebis neba darTos.

nafici msajulebi/mosamarTleTa kolegia oTxi saaTi ganixi­lavda, sanam qalbaton smits brals wauyenebda. igi bralde­buli iyo narkotikebis mflobelobaSi 8 wlis win; Sesabamisad, igi miiRebs minimum sasjels 2­idan 4 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. gasaCivrebis procesis dros smitis advokati isev moiTxovs da amjerad iRebs policiis angariSs piter lisTan dakavSirebiT. is amtkicebs jonsonis Cvenebas, rom baton lis ar daunaxavs araferi. radgan mas Cveneba ar miucia, Sesabam­isad, prokurori ar iyo valdebuli angariSi sasamarTlosTvis waredgina. angariSSi miTiTebulia misi misa marTi da telefonis nomeri. advokati urekavs mas, batoni li adasturebs, rom ar daunaxavs araferi, Tumca ambobs, rom esaubra qalbaton jonsons

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saqmis Sesaxeb. qalbatonma jon sonma mas uTxra, rom, rodesac smitis foto dainaxa, mixvda rom swored eg iyo da miaxvedra yevlaferi. smitma ori weli gaatara cixeSi. rom yofiliyo adreuli aRmoCena/gamoZieba, misi saqme SesaZloa arasodes wasu­liyo sasamarTloSi.

Jein smitis saqme aCvenebs, rom bevr saqmeSi, maT So ris iseTSi, sadac braldebuli aris udanaSaulo da araferi icis mis winaaRmdeg bralis Sesaxeb, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia damoukide­beli gamoZiebis Catareba. Cvens sisxlis samarT lis sistemaSi udanaSaulobis prezumfciis rolis gaTval iswinebiT, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom mopasuxes ar SeuZlia saWiro informaciis mowodeba.maSinac ki, Tu konkretuli mopasuxe aris damnaSave an gaaCnia informacia, sxva bevri potenciuri dabrkoleba arse­bobs imisaTvis, rom gamoviye noT mopasuxe, rogorc informaciis pirveladi wyaro saqmis gamoZiebisaTvis. magaliTad, mopasuxem SesaZloa: ar icis vin arian mowmeebi an sad ipovos isini, ar en­dos mis advokats, iyos cixeSi an hqondes fsiqikuri problemebi.

faqtebis gamoZiebis konteqsti sakmaod gansxvavebulia. Tu advokati ver miiRebs misi klientisgan informacias, rac mas gamoZiebisTvis sWirdeba, ismis kiTxva: aris sakanonmdeblo gadawyvetileba neba darTos gvian gamxmaurebas arakonsti tuciuri Tuki blokavs dacvis mxaris advokatis SesaZle blobas gamoiZios faqtebi? sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, aR moCenis/gamoZiebis sta­tuti aris braldebis mxridan dawese buli barieri dacvis efeq­turi daxmarebis miRebaze?

b. informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis konstituciuri wyaroebimiuxedavad aRiarebisa, rom `samarTlianoba SejibrebiTo bis

sistemaSi~ aris saTanado procesis ZiriTadi Rirebuleba, sa­samarTlom ganmarta, rom ar arsebobs zogadi mtkicebule bebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis/gamoZiebis konstituci uri ufle­ba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi. uzenaes sasamarTlos arasodes ganuxilavs sarCeli TiTqos SemzRudavi aRmoCenis wesi arRvevs VI cvlilebis mier gansazRvrul dacvis efeq tur daxmarebas.

Brady v. Maryland da sxva dakavSirebul saqmeeSi, saTa­

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nado procesi mxolod im mamxilebeli da gamamarTlebeli mt­kicebulebis gaxmaurebis nebarTvas gascems, rac prokuroris mflobelobaSia da rac saqmis Sedegis arsebiTia. es ar aris winasasamarTlo mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacv lis gamoZiebis ufleba, aramed im informaciaze xelmisawvdo moba (saTanado procesis ufleba), rac samarTliani sasamarT los uzrunvelsayofad aris saWiro. uzenaesma sasamarTlom `arse­biToba~ gansazRvra: gonivruli SesaZlebloba imisa, rom Tu mtkicebuleba gaxmaurebulia, Sedegi iqneba gansxvavebuli.

sasamarTlom uari Tqva VI cvlilebis dapirispirebis da savaldebulo procesis gamoyenebaze im mizniT, rom gadaewyvi­ta winasasamarTlo informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis sarCele bi. sasamarTlo aRiarebs informaciuli Zalauflebis disba lanss misi saTanado procesis analiziT. amgvarad, braldebas SeuZlia moiTxovos dacvis mxarisgan aseTi mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb in­formaciis gacvla/gamoZieba mxolod maSin, Tu igi sapasuxo gacvlis gakeTebis nebas rTavs braldebis mxridan.

uzenasi sasamarTlos saqmeebi, romlebic mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlasTan/gamoZiebasTanaa dakavSirebu li, garkveul dabrkolebebs qmnian am muxlisTvis, rom dac vis ufle­ba garkveuli winasasamarTlo aRmoCenis sarCelebis Sesabamis CarCos warmoadgens. pirveli, sasamarTlom aCvena, rom ufro meti yuradReba iyo mimarTuli saTanado procesisadmi informa­ciaze xelmisawvdomobis sarCelebis anal izisTvis. meore, saqmee­bi ufro met mtkicebis tvirTs awese ben arsebiTobis moTxovnis saSualebiT. mesame, zogadad maTi ena miuTiTebs, konstituciur CarCoebSi Brady aRmoCenis sarCelebis analizis gakeTebis survi­lis arqonas. sasamarTlos es saqmeebi ver axerxeben, rom Seamow­mon is kritikuli kavSiri,rac arsebobs aRmoCenis SezRudvebsa da dacvis mxaris advokatis gamoZiebis valdebulebas Soris.

uzenaesi sasamarTlos saqme, rac gamoZebis valdebule bas da dacvis efeqturi daxmarebis miRebis uflebas exe ba, ar aRiarebs mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacv lis/gamoZiebis mniS­vnelobas. saqmeSi Kimmelman v. Morri son sasamarTlos advokatma arc gamoiZia da arc gonivruli gadawyvetileba ar miiRo, rom

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gamoeZia braldebis saqmea. is, rom morisonis advokatma ver moaxerxa moeTxova mtkice bulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacv­lia/gamoZieba, aSkarad gamowveuli iyo misi SecdomiTi rwmeniT, rom braldebas hqon da valdebuleba ecnobebina misTvis saqmis Sesaxeb da aseve imis Sesaxeb, rom samarTaldamcavebma CamoarTves mis klients qoneba. kim melmanis saqmis mixedviT, damcvelis mier mtkice bulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebis SeuZlebloba iyo arasrulyofili ganxorcieleba, radgan mtkicebulebebis Ses axeb informaciis gacvla/gamoZieba iyo aucilebeli gamoZiebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelsayofad.

kim melmanis saqmeSi sasamarTlom aSkarad gaarkvia mtkice­bulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis/gamoZiebis saWiroeba im­isaTvis, rom gamoZieba ganxorcielebuliyo. aRiarebul iqna, rom klientisgan ar unda movelodeT gamoZiebisTvis yvela aucile­beli informaciis miwodebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom braldebam amoiRo furceli morisonis loginidan da miuxe davad imisa, rom mezobelma policia morisonis binaSi SeuSva, sasamarTlom aRniSna, dacvis mxaris advokatis gancxadeba, rom `mas ar gaugia amoRebis Sesaxeb wina dRemde, sanam sa samarTlo daiwyeboda da rom mis klients ar SeiZleba scod noda, radgan policias aranairi cnoba ar dautovebia~. Sesa bamisi informaciis Tavis droze gacvla dacvis mxaris advo kats Seatyobinebda droulad aucilebeli gamoZiebis ganxor cielebis saWiroebas.

striklendis saqmeSi sasamarTlom aseve ivarauda, rom gamoZieba, sul mcire, nawilobriv mainc dafuZnebuli unda iyos braldebis mxridan informaciis xelmisawvdomobaze. uzenaesma sasamarTlom miiRo saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebis Setyobinebis CarCo.

mexuTe etapis mosazrebaa, rom damcvelma unda gaiaros konsultacia mis klientTan da gadaxedon braldebis saqmes – Seamowmon braldebis mtkicebuleba _ sanam strategiaze Camoy­alibdebian. zemoT aRniSnuli Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan Cans, rom sanam strategiul gadawyvetilebas miiReb des, dacvis mxa­ris advokats aqvs braldebis mtkicebulebaze xelmisawvdomoba.

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debatebi vrceli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis wesebze

vrceli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis/gamoZiebis winaaRmdeg argumentebs Zala naklebad gaaCniaT. sisx­lis samarTlis saqmeebSi winasasamarTlo mtkicebule bebis Ses­axeb informaciis gacvlis mizani aris simarTlis Zieba. igive mizezi ipoves im saqmeebSi, sadac ganisazRvra dac vis ufle­ba rogorc damcvelis efeqturi daxmarebis miRebis ufleba. sisxlis samarTlis SejibrobiTobis sistemis winapi robaa, rom orive mxaris advokatireba xels Seuwyobs miznis miRwevas, rom damnaSave daisajos da udanaSaulo gaTavisufl des. amas SeiZleba samarTlianoba vuwodoT.

sxva ufro praqtikuli mizezebic arsebobs. rodesac dam­cvelma icis saqmis Zlieri da susti mxareebi, mas ukeT SeuZlia swori rCevis micema Tavisi klientisTvis da sa samarTlo proce­sebic Semoklebulia, sakiTxebs ufro samarTlianad udgebian da marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba ufro samarTliani da ufro zustia.

vrceli aRmoCenis Semdegi arsebiToba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi aumjobesebs braldebasa da mopasuxes Soris disba lanss. mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla es aris saSualeba, rac mopasuxes gaaCnia imisaTvis, rom hqondes meti Sansi daak­mayofilos Statebis moTxovnebi.

mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla yovelT vis ar iyo aRiarebuli rogorc am miznebis miRwevis mniS vnelovani sa­Sualeba. inglisuri precedentebi krZalaven mas, xolo adreuli amerikuli sajaro samarTlis wesi iyo, rom sasamarTloebs ar hqondaT uflebamosileba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi aseTi mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis brZaneba gaecaT. 1940­iani wlebisTvis saxelmwifoTa/Statebis umravlesoba nebas rTavda winasasamarTlo gamoZie bas. amasTanave, samoqalaqo saqmee­bze mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis wesebis lib­eralizacias hqonda adgili da Sedegad TiToeul mxares hqonda erTmaneTis informaci aze xelmisawvdomoba. 1950­ian da 1960­ian wlebSi erT­erT yvelaze klaskur debatebs hqonda adgili sisx­

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lis samarTlis procesSi. saxelmwifoTa/Statebis umravlesobam gaafarToa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi winasasamarTlo mtkiceb­ulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla am debatebis Semdeg. Sem­deg vnax avT aRmoCenis winaaRmdeg sam ZiriTad arguments. A

mowmis Carevis (saqmeebSi Carevis) argumenti vrceli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis we­

sebis winaaRmdeg yvelaze saerTo arguments warmoadgens is, rom mopasuxisTvis mowmeebis Sesaxeb informaciaze xelmis awvdomobis nebis darTva, migviyvans dabrkolebamde am mowmee bTan dakavSire­biT. anu pretenzia mdgomareobs SemdegSi, rom mopasuxe ecdeba daarwmunos braldebis potenciuri mowmeebi an Secvalon Cveneba an saerTod ar miscen, qrTamis micemiT, daSinebiT, fizikuri zia­nis miyenebiT an Tundac maTi mokv liT. da kidev, gaxmaurebuli informaciis codnam SesaZloa Tavidan aacilos mowmes bral­debis mxaresTan TanamSromloba. es argumenti uaryofilia imiT, rom, magaliTad, umravlesoba narkotikebis saqmeSi ar arseboben samoqalaqo mowmeebi da Se sabamisad, ar arsebobs maTi dacvis saWiroeba da aucilebloba.

Semdeg, mowmeTa daSinebis saSiSroeba uaryofili iyo Statebis gamocdilebiT.mowmeTa daSineba ar aris vrceli mt­kicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis wesebis Sedegi. saq­meebis SeswavliT dadginda, rom ar arsebobda realuri kav­Siri vrcel wesebsa da mowmis daSinebas Soris. am Sem­TxvevaSi daSinebis problemis mogvareba SeiZleba konkret ul saqmeebSi wesebis regulirebiT, gavixsenoT, Tundac, cru Cvenebis argu­menti.

daoben, rom mopasuxem SesaZloa gamoiyenos braldebis saq­mis Sesaxeb codna cru Cvenebis misacemad. mopasuxe mis cems iseT Cvenebas, rac naklebad mova braldebis saqmesTan konfliqtSi da Seqmnis iseT dacvas, rac braldebis mtkiceb ulebas gaabaTilebs. es qmnis varauds, rom mopasuxe damnaSavea da aqvs survili sxva danaSaulic Caidinos. aseve savaraudoa, rom dacvis mxaris advo­kati moilaparakebs mopasuxesTan cru Cvenebis micemaze. mtkice­bulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacv lis wesebze uaris Tqma ver

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gadaWris problemas. gaaCnia dacvis mxaris advokats is saSualebebi, rac misi

gamoZiebis valdebulebis SesrulebisTvis aris saWiro VI cv­lilebis mixedviT?Tu Cven realurad vafasebT udanaSaulobis prezumfcias da vaRiarebT realobas, rom bevri mopasuxe ar aris Sesabamisad aRWurvili, rom Tavis advokats miawodos efeqturi gamoZiebisTvis saWiro informacia, maSin mtkice bulebebis Ses­axeb informaciis gacvlis roli sagamoZiebo procesSi naTelia.

saproceso dacvis saSualebebi da sanqciebi saproceso dacvis saSualebebi an sanqciebi, rac SeiZleba

dacvis advokatma moiZios mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb informa ciis gacvlis wesebis darRvevisTvis, Seicavs: 1. xelmeore mosmenas; 2. mowmis xelmeored gamoZaxebas; 3. sxva mowmis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb brZanebis gacemas; 4. sxva informaciis gamJRavnebis moTxovnas; 5. nebarTvis gacemas SeCerebaze; 6. mosamarTleTa kolegiis sas­wrafod Setyobinebas braldebis mxridan gamJRavnebis darRvevis Sesaxeb; 7. mosamarTleTa ko legiis darwmunebas, rom SeiZleba sawinaaRmdego Cvenebis wardgena; 8. sxvagvarad miuRebeli mt­kicebulebis miRebas/ nebis darTvas; 9. saqmis warmoebis Sewyve­tis nebis darTvas; 10. mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis wesebis dar­Rvevebis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis Tavidan acilebas; 11. mow mis Cvenebis an misi nawilis saqmidan amoRebas; 12. sasamarT loSi saqmiswarmoebis dros darRvevebis gamosworebas; an 13. sasamarT­lo gadawyvetilebis Seusabamobas braldebasTan.

praqtikulad, mowmis Cvenebis uaryofa da saqmidan amoReba yovelTvis ar warmoadgen xelmisawvdom saSualebebs im Sem­TxvevaSi, Tu mtkicebulebebs arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar aqvs (sa­dac naklebad mZime zomebs SeuZliaT gamoasworon is ziani, rac mtkicebulebis dakargvam gamoiwvia, Zlieri saSualeba ar unda iyos moTxovnili). (mtkicebulebis Tavidan acileba Zalian mZime sanqciaa da ar gamoiyeneba, Tu potenciuri ziani rac gaxmaurebis SeuZleblobam gamoiwvia, ar SeiZleba gamos wordes naklebi sanq­ciiT). gansakuTrebuli sanqciis saWiroe ba naTelia maSin, rode­

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sac dagvianebulma mtkicebulebaTa Ses axeb informaciis gacvlis gamJRavneba moxda winasasamarTlo mosmenis dros.

moTxovna mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb informaciisgacvlaze (nimuSi)

saproceso kodeqsis 240­e muxlis Tanaxmad, braldebuli moiTxovs prokurorisgan Seatyobinos advokats da misces saSu­aleba moaxdinos Semowmeba, fotografireba, an kopireba Semdegi informaciis:

nebismieri saxis Cveneba (zepiri Tu werilobiTi) mice muli mopasuxis, Tanamopasuxis an im individualuri piris mier, ro­melic monawileobda danaSaulis CadenaSi. zemoT moyvanil Cvene­bebs CamoarTmevs is sajaro piri, romelic CarTulia samarTal­damcav moqmedebebSi an is piri, romelic misi miTiTebiT moq­medebs an masTan TanamSromlobs. es moTxovna moicavs, magram ar aris SezRuduli, nebismier iseT Cvenebas, romlis gamoyenebasac gamoZieba apirebs braldebis Tu uaryo fis mizniT. es moTxovna aseve moicavs:

Cvenebis zusti Sinaarsi; • Cvenebis (Cvenebebis) Canawerebis an TiToeuli dokumen tis

aslebi; • warmodgenili Cvenebis (Cvenebebis) savaraudo TariRi,

dro da adgili; • saxeli (saxelebi),sacxovreblis nomeri (nomrebi), br­

Zaneba, samarTaldamcavebi, vinc Cvenebas eswrebodnen; • yvela im adamianis saxelebi, misamarTebi da dabadebis

TariRebi, vinc Cvenebas (Cvenebebs) eswrebodnen.• im mtkicebulebebis asli, romelic dakavSirebulia sisx­

lis samarTlis qmedebasTan an mimdinare saqmesTan mopasuxis wi­naaRmdeg, mopasuxis mier micemuli, an nebismieri Tanamopa suxis mier an im individualuri piris mier, romelic mopa suxesTan erTad eWvmitanilia am qmedebis CadenaSi.

1. nebismieri angariSi an dokumenti, an misi raime nawili, da­kavSirebuli fizikur Tu fsiqikur gamokvlevasTan an mec nierul testsa Tu eqsperimentTan dakavSrebulTan sisxlis samarTlis

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qmedebasTan, an saqmis warmoebasTan rac daiwyo samarTaldamcav qmedebaSi CarTuli sajaro piris mier an misi moTxovniT an im piris mier romlis sasamarTloSi gamo­Zaxebasac an wardgenasac apirebs prokurori. moTxovna Sei cavs, magram ar aris SezRudu­li, yvela saboloo angariSs, dokuments, proeqts, Canawers, memorandums, Canawerebs, ele qtronul werilebs, komunikaciebs da sasamarTlo Canawerebs. Ees moTxovna aseve Seicavs, magram ar aris SezRuduli: gaupatiureba an sqesobrivi Zaladoba Canawerebi, ana­

lizebi da angariSebi; Semadgenloba, analizebi da angariSebi; dafaruli anabeWdebis analizebi da angariSebi; xmovani mtkicebulebebis Canawerebi, analizebi da an­

gariSebi; xelnawerebi, analizebi da angariSebi; sisxlis nimuSis analizebi da angariSebi; sxeulis fluidebis Canawerebi, analizebi da angariSebi; dnm­is Canawerebi, analizebi da angariSebi; Tmis nimuSebis Canawerebi, analizebi da angariSebi; tansacmlis an boWkovani Canawerebi, analizebi da an­

gariSebi; TiTis frCxilebis, analizebi da angariSebi; cecxlsasroli iaraRis balistikuri eqspertiza an sxva

iaraRis testi; testi simTvralesa da sifxizleze; samedicino da fsiqiatriuli gamokvleva, diagnozi da

angariSebi; autofsiis (micvalebulis sasamarTlo­samedicino gamokv­

leva) Canawerebi, analizebi da angariSebi; audio an video SeniSvnebi da Canawerebi. 4. nebismieri foto an eskizi, rac pirdapir dakavSire­

bulia sisxlis samarTlis qmedebasTan, romelic gadaiRo im TanamSromelma, romelic CarTulia samarTaldamcav qmedebebSi an im piris mier, romlis sasamarTloze mowmed gamoZaxebas an sasamarTloze wardgenas apirebs gamoZieba. es Seicavs, magram ar

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aris SezRuduli: fotoebi gadaRebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis (identi­

ficirebis) procesSi; fotoebi, amocnobis procesisTvis; fotoebi gadaRebuli danaSaulis teritoriaze; fotoebi gadaRebuli Central Booking-ze, maT Soris

`mug~; danaSaulis adgilisa da geografiis fotoebi; qonebis an sxva materialuri sagnebis fotoebi; danaSaulis adgilis an sxva sagamoZiebo fotoebi, vid eo,

eskizebi an Canawerebi; incidentis dros an Semdeg gadaRebuli fotoebi, vid eo

an Canawerebi; incidentis Semdeg mopasuxis an momCivanis video, fotoe­

bi an Canawerebi. 1. qonebis nebismieri foto, fotos asli an sxva re­

produqcia Sesrulebuli policiis oficris an misi miTiTe biT sxva piris mier, oficris an prokuroris mier mis gamoS vebamde § 450.100­is mixedviT.

2. yvela qoneba mopovebuli mopasuxisgan an Tanamopasux­isgan da im individualuri piris mier, romelic eWvmitanil­ia, rom mopasuxesTan erTad moqmedebda an sxva sacxovreblis, satransporto saSualebis an im adgilidan sadac aseTi piri acxadebs sakuTrebis Tu pirad interess, maT Soris: am an sxva dakavSirebuli danaSaulis Sedegi nayofi, ro­

goricaa fuli, sxvadsxva saxis naerTi, an sxva kontar­banda;

danaSaulis instrumentebi, rogoricaa iaraRebi da nebis­mieri mtkicebuleba dakavSirebuli iaraRTan an iaraRTan romelic gamoyenebuli iyo am danaSaulSi;

piradi qoneba, maT Soris, tansacmeli, fuli, fexsac meli, sisxlis nimuSi, nerwyvi, oflianoba, xelisa da boWkos nimuSebi, xelis anabeWdebi TiTis anbeWdebi, frCxilis, qso vilebi, Sardis analizi, xmis anabeWdebi, luminalis testi, xelnaweris egzemplarebi;

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kompiuterebi an eleqtronuli mowyobilobebi/siste mebi, an kompiuteruli an eleqtronuli Canawerebi, rogori­caa diskebi, programuli uzrunvelyofa, dokumentebi, ele qtronuli baza, kompiuteruli programebi, firebi, monacemTa Senaxva an sarezrevo media an sxva eleqtro­nuli Tu cifru li mowyobilobebi informaciis Senaxvisa Tu CawerisaTvis.

dokumentebi, nawerebi, werilebi, dRiurebi, kalendari, bankis an sxva finansuri Canawerebi an dokumentebi an sxva piradi sakuTreba;

inventari da vauCerebi, yvela arsebuli mtkicebuleba, rac pirovnebisgan an mopasuxisgan amoiRes.

piri da masTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri saxis mtki­cebuleba, romelzec pasuxismgebelni arian aRmasrule­beli organoebi;

nebismieri saxis mtkicebuleba aRwerili aRmasrule­belTa mier, romelTa mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba SeiZleba pro cesze.

1. yvela firi an sxva eleqtornuli Canaweri, romlis sa­samarTloze wardgenasac prokurori apirebs,miuxedavad imisa, rom es Canawerebi gakeTda kriminalis Cadenis dros. Ees moTxov­na Seicavs, magram ar aris SezRuduli, 911­is yvela Canawers da radio sixSires. nebisieri sxva ram moTxovnili prokuroris mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstitu cis Tanaxmad.

2. yvela mtkicebuleba da informacia, rac mopasuxisTvis aris pozitiuri Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).

3. yvela mtkicebuleba, rac gamamarTlebeli an poziti uria mopasuxisTvis, maT Soris:

am saqmesTan kavSirSi: im mowmeebis saxelebi, misamarTebi, dabadebis TariRe­

bi, romelTac dainaxes mopasuxis dakaveba an romelTac gamoTqves ukmayofileba policiis mxridan Catarebul qmedebaze;

raime usworoba am saqmis nebismieri mtkicebulebis do­kumentaciaSi;

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nebismieri dakarguli an ganadgurebuli mtkicebuleba; nebismieri faqti an informacia, rac miuTiTebs, rom nebi­

smieri mtkicebuleba, maT Soris, materialuri qoneba, Cveneba Tu amocnoba _ rac gamoZiebas gaaCnia an apirebs rom warmoadginos sasamarTloze, rom ukanonod iyo mop­ovebuli an aris Sedegi sxva arakanonierad mopovebuli mtkicebulebisa;

raime informacia an mtkicebuleba, rom mopasuxe mo­qmedebda iZulebis zemoqmedebis qveS an sxva adamianis kon trolis qveS braldebaSi gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas­Tan dakavSirebiT,maT Soris informacia, rom mopasuxe moqmedebda sxva mxaris sasargeblod braldebaSi aRniS­nul danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT;

nebismieri mtkicebuleba, rom mopasuxes aReniSneboda in­toqsikacia, nebayoflobiT an ara nebayoflobiT, an alko­holis an narkotikuli nivTierebis zemoqmedebis qveS;

nebismieri mtkicebuleba, rom mopasuxe itanjeboda nerviuli stresiT, gonebrivi daavadebiT, fizikuri nak­lovanebiT, rac xels SeuSlida danaSaulis CadenaSi;

nebismieri mtkicebuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac SeiZle ba dadgindes, rom eWvmitanili an mopasuxe moklebuli iyo SesaZleblobas, ganesazRvra mizani, gaewia kontroli misi qcevisTvis, an Seefasebina misi kanonsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi, maT Soris mtkicebuleba, rom igi iyo gon­ebrivad SezRuduli an rom igi iyo alkoholis an sxva preparatis/narkotikis zemo qmedebis qveS;

Cveneba Seicavs mopasuxisTvis gamamarTlebel an pozi­tiur informacias, maT Soris informacia, romelmac Ses­aZloa Seamciros an SezRudos misi roli Cadenil da­naSaulSi, sxva nebismieri mtkicebuleba, romelic, Cans, rom gaamarTlebs an daadasturebs misTvis sasargeblo informacias.

gamamarTlebeli, Seusabamo an uarmyofeli mowmeebi: im mowmis saxeli, misamarTi, dabadebis TariRi an Cveneba,

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romelmac miawoda Cadenili danaSaulis faq tobrivi mo­nacemebi, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba an gansx vavdeba sxva mowmis faqtobrivi monacemebisgan da am informaciis mi­wodebis sruli garemoebebi.

mowmis nebismieri winaswari Seusabamo Cvenebebi an gan­sxvavebebi mtkicebulebaTa identificirebisas da in­formaciis miwodebis sruli garemoebebi.

im mowmis saxeli, misamarTi da dabadebis TariRi, rom­lis sasamarTloSi mowmed gamoZaxebasac prokurori ar apirebs da aseTi mowmis nebismieri Cveneba;

im mowmeebis saxeli, misamarTi, dabadebis TariRi da Cveneba, romlebmac Secvales an uaryves movlenaTa Ta­vianTi versia, aseTi cvlilebis detalebi da informa­ciis miwodebis sruli garemoebebi;

nebismieri mowme, romelmac identificirebis proces­Si, amoicno mopasuxe an ver amoicno;

im mowmis saxeli, romelmac fizikurad ise aRwera da­naSaulis Camdeni, rom gansxvaveboda mopasuxis namdvi li fizikuri aRwerilobisagan;

im nebismieri adamianis saxeli, garda namdvili mopa­suxisa an Tanamopasuxisa, romelic aris an iyo miCneuli rogorc eWvmitanili danaSaulis CadenaSi.

1. Tuki daakaves sxva piri, dahkiTxes an miiCnies, rom aris im danaSaulSi eWvmitanili, romlisTvisac mopasuxe aris bral­debuli;

2. dakavebulis saxeli, adgili da saqmis nomeri; 3. dakiTxuli an eWvmitanilad miCneuli pirebis saxeli,

dro da TariRi _ rodis? adgilmebareoba – sad? saxeli, wodeba da a.S. (an saxeli, rangi, Tuki dakiTxvas awarmoebda samarTal­damcavi oficeri); da danaSauli ris gamoc es piri dahkiTxes an miiCnies eWvmitanilad;

4. Tu iyo vinme Tanamonawile, romlebic ar daakaves, gaas­amarTles. Tuki, saxeli (ebi), misamarTi (ebi) da dabadebis TariRi (ebi) da mizezi, ratom ar daakaves an gaasamarTles es pirovneba (ebi).

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raime mtkicebuleba an samarTaldamcavTaTvis aqtualuri in­formacia rac ewinaaRmdegeba, konfliqtSi modis an Cans, rom naklebad msgavsi iqneba movlenaTa im versiisa,romelic warmoad­gina sasamarTlo gamoZiebam, gamamtyunebel ganaCenSi an faqto­briv mtkicebulebebSi SuamdgomlobaSi sasamarTlos winaSe, maT Soris:

−mtkicebuleba danaSaulis adgilidan; mowmis Cvenebebi, zepiri an werilobiTi, maT Soris nebi­

smieri piris nebismieri Cveneba, rom mopasuxe ar iyo CarTuli an naklebad monawileobda am danaSaulSi;

−gamoZieba sxva sferoSi −samarTaldamcavTa nebismieri mtkicebuleba an infor macia

rac ewinaaRmdegeba, konfliqtSi modis an Cans, rom naklebad msgavsi iqneba movlenaTa im versiis, romelic war moadgines im pirebma, romlebic CarTes mopasuxe danaSaulSi;

− ZiriTad eqspertTa mosazrebebi an/da dakvirvebebi ris sasamarTloze warmodgenasac gamoZieba ar apirebda, Tumca aris pozitiuri da aqvs gamamarTlebeli xasiaTi. warmoadgine eqsper­tis saxeli, misamarTi, saqmianobis sfero da misi daskv nis Si­naarsi an buneba, aRmoCena an/da dakvirveba.

1. mopasuxis nebismieri pozitiuri an gamamarTlebeli Cveneba micemuli samarTaldamcvelebisTvis an ubnis proku raturisTvis.

nebismieri informacia, rom mopasuxis policiisaTvis an mesa­me pirisTvis micemuli Cveneba SeiZleba iyos araganzrax an nawi­lobriv an srulad arazusti, maT Soris, angariSe bi, Canawerebi, memorandumebi an sxva dokumentebi rac mniS vnelovania polici­isaTvis. yvela angariSi, Canaweri, memorandumi an sxva dokumenti rac Seicavs an mimarTulia pozitiur an potenciurad gama­marTlebel mtkicebulebasTan.

1. yvela mtkicebuleba, romelic moaxdens nebismieri bral­debis mowmis braldebas, maT Soris: a. braldebis mowmis manamde arsebul nebismieri bralde ba, da­kaveba, an sxva arakanonieri qmedeba rac SeiZleba gamoy enebul iqnebs am mowmis winaaRmdeg sasamarTloze procesze, (impeach) jvaredin dakiTxvaze, sisxlis samarTlis mtkice buleba: dam­

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naSavis monacemebi _ TiToeuli mowmis, romlis sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasac prokurori apirebs; b. braldebis mowmis Canawerebi arasrulwlovanTa da moz­rdilTa dakavebis, dapatimrebis, Tavisuflebis SezRud vis, piro­biTi patimrobis, probaciis da braldebis mimdinare gamoZieba da yvela arasrulwlovanis da mozrdilis dakavebis da braldebis oqmebi, maT Soris TiToeuli saqmis statusi; g. informacia nebismieri im mowmis fsiqiatriuli Tu fsiqolo­giuri daavadebebebis mkurnalobis an instituciona lizaciis an narkotikis, an alkoholis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, romlis sasamarT­loSi gamoZaxebasac prokurori apirebs, maT Soris mkurnalobis Sinaarsi, adgili da dro; d. informacia nebismieri mowmis amoraluri qmedebis Ses axeb, romlis sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasac apirebs prokurori, maT So­ris, ubnis prokuroris an samarTaldamcavebis oqmebi, romelic Seicavs informacias braldebis mowmis nebismieri danaSaulis Tu arakanonieri saqcielis Sesaxeb; Tuki mopasuxis winaaRmdeg braldebis mowmes an in­

formaciis mimwodebel pirs aqvs: probacioneris Tu pirobiT msjavrdebulis statusi; arakanonieri nivTierebebis Senaxva, moxmareba, real izacia

an midrekileba; aradokumentirebuli saimigracio statusi; danaSaulebriv qmedebaSi CarTuloba; saxelmwifo daxmareba an sxva privilegia an sargeblis

miReba ojaxisagan; warsulSi arasrulwlovnis an mozrdilis nasamarT loba; mcirewlovani bavSvebis mSoblebis an meurvis roli; siRaribe an Semosavlis nakleboba; samedicino an fsiqiatriuli mzrunveloba an gamokvl eva; SemecnebiTi, inteleqtualuri, emociuri an fsiqolo­

giuri SezRudvebi; braldebis mowmis winaaRmdeg nebismieri da yvela sisx lis

samarTlis saqmis sruli Cveneba, romlis Sesaxebac ar miRebula gadawyvetileba da amJamad cnobilia braldebisTvis, miuxedavad

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imisa, rom aseTi saqmeebi aris dapirebis, pativis cemis an stimu­lis sagani, maT Soris NYSID nomeri (nomrebi)

z. braldebis mowmis winaaRmdeg nebismieri an yvela mareg­ulirebeli, licenzirebis an sxva samTavrobo Tu naxevrad sam­Tavrobo warmoebis sruli Cveneba/Canaweri, razec jer ar miReb­ula gadawyvetileba, saqme daxurulia, Sewyvetilia, morigebuli an dasrulebuli;

braldebis mowmis mier nebismieri sisxlis samarTlis qmedebis sruli Cveneba/Canaweri, romlis Sesaxebac gamoZiebas gaaCnia informacia, rom mas ar mohyolia braldeba, miuxeda vad imisa, rom es saqmeebi aris dapirebis, jildos Tu stimu lis sagani.

braldebis mowmisadmi (an maTi ojaxis wevrebi, biznes partniorebi, axlo megobrebi, nacnobebi) braldebis procesSi samarTaldamcavi pirebis, maT Soris, prokuroris an polii ciis mier SeiZleba Catarebul iqnas Semdegi saxis qmedebebi: Sewynareba, imuniteti, dadebiTi mopyroba an rekomen dacia

dakavSirebuli warsul qmedebasTan, sisxlis samarT lis saqmesTan, pirobiT msjavrTan, probaciasTan, patiebasTan, samoqalaqo, administraciuli, konfiskacia/danakargTan, imi graciasTan, licenzia an sxva sakiTxi, sadac CarTulia adgi lobrivi, saxelmwifo an federaluri samTavrobo an naxevrad samTavrobo organoebi;

konfiskaciisgan, fulis gadaxdisgan, gadasaxadebis­gan, mowmis gadasaxadisgan Tu specialuri mowmis ga­dasaxadisgan gaTavisufleba;

sakvebiT, tansacmliT, satransporto saSualebiT, samar­Tlebrivi momsauxrebiT an sxva sargebliT uzrunvelyo­fa;

`mowmeTa dacvis programaSi~ CarTva; rekomendacia federaluri an saxelmwifo daxmarebis an

sargeblis Sesaxeb; rekondacia licenziasTan, sertificirebasa an regis­

traciasTan dakavSirebiT; dapireba, rom daexmareba mowmis an sxva statusis mini­

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WebaSi, profesiaSi, biznessa Tu dasaqmebaSi an da dapir­eba rom ar moxdeba, aseTi statusi ar Seinaxeba;

mowmisaTvis an sxvaTaTvis samuSao adgilis an biznesis SenarCunebasa da dacvaSi daxmareba;

nebismieri ram, ramac SesaZloa mowmeSi gamoavlinos in­teresi an motivi braldebis sasargeblod an mopasuxis winaaRmdeg an SeiZleba gaxdes Cvenebis micemis stimuli an gaamravalferovnos mowmis Cveneba;

sxva gamamtyunebeli an pozitiuri mtkicebuleba; informacis, romelic dakavSirebulia gamoZiebaSi Car­

Tul an samarTaldamcav pirTan, romelic gamoZaxebuli iyo raime saxis kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis;

yvela Serifis/oficris, prokuroris an sxva sajaro moxelis fsiqiatriuli an gonebrivi mdgomareobis Ses­axeb da disciplinaruli oqmi, romlebic CarTulni arian damnaSavis/ braldebulis amocnoba, Zebna, dakavebasa da dakiTxvaSi;

informacia, romelmac SesaZloa braldebis mowmes misces stimuli, rom SecdomaSi Seiyvanos an araswori infor­macia miawodos mopasuxis damnaSaveobis an sasjelis Sesaxeb faqtebze, maT Soris agresia an arasamarTliani damokideb uleba mopasuxis an sxva dakavSirebuli piri­sadmi, maT Soris saqmeSi finansuri interesi;

im piris zepiri, werilobiTi Cveneba an aseTi Cvenebis reziume, romelmac samarTaldamcavebs an prokurors misca cru, damabneveli an sawinaaRmdego informacia am saqmesTan dakavSrebiT;

informacia sicruis deteqtoris testis Sesaxeb, ro­melic braldebis mowmem aSkarad ver gaiara;

braldebis im mowmis saxeli da misamarTi, romelic moq­medebda hipnozis qveS, hipnozis sesiasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentis angariSi an misi nawili;

nebismieri muqaris Sesaxeb sruli informacia, Tu gamoxatulia an ivaraudeba, pirdapir an arapirdapir an sxva daSineba/zemoqmedeba mimarTuli braldebis nebism­

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ieri mow mis winaaRmdeg, maT Soris, magram araa SezRudu­li, sisx lis samarTlis devna, konfiskaciis/CamorTmevis qmedebebi, an gamoZieba, probacia, pirobiTi sasjeli, Se­Cerebuli/gadade buli devna an nebismieri mowmis sapatim­ro statusi; samo qalaqo, sagadasaxado, administraci­uli, saimigracio an sxva SeCerebuli an potenciuri samarTlebrivi davebi an saqmeebi, sadac nebismieri aseTi mowme aris CarTuli da saxelmwifo Tu federaluri mTavroba, an razec saxelmwifo Tu feder alur mTavro­bas gaaCnia realuri, naTeli/calsaxa gavlena;

Cadenili danaSualis zusti TariRi, dro da adgili; mopasuxis dakavebis zusti dro, TariRi da adgili; Setyobinebis dro, adgili da meTodi; fizikuri gamokvlevis, mecnieruli testis an eqperi­

mentis, maT Soris, uaxlesi inspeqciis nebismieri weri­lobiTi angariSi/oqmi an dokumenti, am testis Tu eqs­perimentis gamo yenebisTvis saWiro instrumentebi an mowyobilobis markireba an aRdgena, Tu arsebobs, mowy­obilobis an instrumentis op eratoris sertificirebis sertifikati, romliTac Catarda testi Tu eqsperimenti samarTaldamcav aqtivobebSi CarTuli sajaro moxelis mier an misi miTiTebiT an romelic Catarda im piris mier, romlis sasamarTloSi mowmed gamoZaxebas an sa­samarTloze wardgenas apirebs prokurori.

moTxovna damatebiT SeiZleba gakeTdes, Tu moTxovnili ma­salebis miwodebis Sesaxeb uari miTiTebulia werilobiT, rac adgens uaris Tqmis safuZvlebs. aseTi werilobiTi uaryofis asli gamoiyneba Sen mier moTxovnis miRebidan 15 dRis ganma­vlobaSi xelis moweriT.

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Tavi IV. dacvis mxaris sagamoZiebo uflebamosileba

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciis meeqvse VI cvlilebis damateba, rac sisxlis samarTlis process exeba, sisxlis samarTlis damnaSavis ufleba `miiRos damcvelis dax­mareba~, aris efeqturi dacvis ufleba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTq­vaT, efeqturi daxmarebis uflebas aqvs igive mizani, rac ufro zogadad sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis siste mas: Seji­brobiTobis procesis samarTlianoba Zalian naTeli da cxadi mizniT, rom damnaSave aris dasjili/braldebuli da udanaSualo gamarTlebuli.

gamoZiebis ZiriTadi roli damcvelis efeqturi daxmarebis uzrunvelyofaSi

uzenaesma sasamarTlom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi faqtebis ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas Semdegnairad gausva xazi:

SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi yvela Sesabamisi faqtis gan­viTareba rogorc fundamenturi, ise yovlismomcvelia. sisx lis samarTlis/marTlmsajulebis Sedegi/dasasruli ar iqneba samar­Tliani, Tu gadawyvetileba dafuZnebulia nawilobriv an varau­diT/ganWvretiT warmodgenil faqtebze. sasamarTlo sistemis ndoba, yvela faqtis srul mtkicebulebaTa samarT lis wesebis farglebSi, gaxmaurebazea damokidebuli.

faqtebis aseT ganviTarebas ar SeiZleba hqondes adgi li gamoZiebis gareSe. arc SejibrobiTobis balansi iqneba dacu­li braldebisa da dacvis mxridan gamoZiebis Catarebis gareSe. amgvarad, damcvelis mxridan gamoZiebis valdebuleba damokide­bulia winasasamarTlo gamoZiebaze, rogorc `advoka tis momza­debis SesaZlo yvelaze kritikuli etapi~.

1932 wels uzaenaesma sasamarTlom Tavisi pirveli gadawyvetilebiT dacvis ufleba daukavSira damcvelis saga­moZiebo funqcias. saqmeSi Powell v. Alabama sasamarTlom xazi gausva braldebasa da sasamarTlos Soris damcvelis saWiroe­bas, sadac konsultacia, Ppirdapiri gamoZieba da momzadeba sa­sicocxlod mniSvnelovania. mokled rom vTqvaT, imisaTvis, rom

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efeqturi dacvis ufleba ganxorcieldes VI cvlilebis Sesabam­isad, damcvels ekisreba (damoukidebeli) valdebuleba gamoiZios saqme.

sasamarTlom VI cvlilebis mixedviT gamoZiebis valde­buleba aRwera, rogorc gonivruli gamoZiebis Tu gonivru li gadawyvetilebis miRebis valdebuleba, rac konkretul gamoZie­bas arasaWiros xdis. am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi sakiTxi aris strategiuli gadawyvetilebis miReba: prokurors Seu­Zlia gaakeTos strategiuli arCevani gamoZiebis Semdeg an SeuZlia gaakeTos iseTi strategiuli arCevani, rac gamoZiebis SezRud­vas gonivrul SezRudvad aqcevs, gamomdinare saqmis mocemuli faqtebidan da garemoebebidan.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis ganmartebiTi baraTis mixedviT, kodeqsis sakvanZo princips war­moadgens SejibrebiToba mxareebs Soris rogorc gamoZiebis, ise saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis stadiaze. es miRweulia kodeqs­Si mravali debulebis asaxviT, romelic Tanabar mdgo mareobaSi da pirobebSi ayenebs rogorc braldebis, ise dacvis mxares maT mier mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis, aseve mosamarTlis winaSe maTi warmodgenisa da Sefasebis mxriv.

mTavari aqcenti keTdeba SejibrebiTobis principze dayrd­nobiT Ria sasamarTlo kamaTis pirobebSi ganxilul mtkice­bulebaze da amiT xazi esmeba sasamarTlo gamoZiebis prior­itetulobas – Zveli saproceso kanonmdeblobisagan gansx vavebiT, romelic mTavar aqcents akeTebda winasasamarTlo stadiaze, aragamWvirvale da calmxrivad mopovebuli mtkice bulebebis werilobiT gaformebaze da SeZlebisdagvarad da dasturebaze, formalur sasamarTlo ganxilvaze. swored es aris is fuZemde­bluri (magram ara erTaderTi) gansxvaveba, romelic ukavSirdeba inkviziciuri (kontinenturi) samarT lis principebidan saerTo (SejibrebiT) samarTlis sistemaze gadasvlas. saproceso kod­eqsis me­9 muxlis mixedviT, mxareTa Tanas woroba da Sejibre­biToba garantirebulia rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saproceso samarTlis erT­erTi principi:

`1. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave sisxlis

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samarTlis procesi xorcieldeba mxareTa Tanasworobisa da Se­jibrebiTobis safuZvelze.

2. mxares ufleba aqvs, am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT daay­enos Suamdgomloba, moipovos, sasamarTlos meSveobiT gamoiTxo­vos, waradginos da gamoikvlios yvela Sesabamisi mtkicebuleba.~

Mmocemuli debulebidan mniSvnelovania, rom mxareTa Tanas­woroba da SejibrebiToba iwyeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave, anu piris dakavebidan an mis mimarT braldebulad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanis momen tidan.

mxareTa SejibrebiTobis principis Semdgom konkretul gamoxatulebas warmoadgens kodeqsis me­14 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac:

`1. sasamarTlos (nafic msajulebs) ar unda waredginos mt­kicebuleba, Tu mxareebs misi uSualod da zepirad gamokv levis Tanabari SesaZlebloba ar hqoniaT, garda am kodeqsiT gaTval­iswinebuli gamonaklisebisa.

2. mxares ufleba aqvs, sasamarTloSi moiTxovos mowmis uSualod dakiTxva da waradginos sakuTari mtkicebuleba.~

saproceso kodeqsis muxli #25 – 1. sasamarTlo valdebulia mxareebs TavianTi uflebebisa

da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad Seuqmnas Tanabari SesaZle­blobebi ise, rom arc erT maTgans ar mianiWos upiratesoba.

2. sasamarTlos ekrZaleba braldebis damadasturebel an dacvis xelSemwyob mtkicebulebaTa damoukideblad mopoveba da gamokvleva. mtkicebulebaTa mopoveba da wardgena mxa reebis kom­petenciaa. mosamarTle uflebamosilia gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi mxareebTan SeTanxmebis Sedegad dasvas damazuste beli kiTxva, Tu es aucilebelia samarTliani sasamarTlos uzrunvelsayofad.

3. ganaCenis an sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde mosamarTles ufleba ara aqvs, azri gamoTqvas bral­debulis (msjavrdebulis) damnaSaved Tu udanaSaulod cnobis Taobaze.

4. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaSi orive mxare monawileobs, erTi mxaris SuamdgomlobasTan an saCivarTan dakavSirebiT sasamarT­lo ismens meore mxaris azrsac.

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mocemuli muxlis gacnobis Semdeg naTeli xdeba, rom sap­roceso kodeqsi adgens mxareTa srul SejibrebiTobas da gvev­lineba, mxolod obieqturi arbitris rolSi, romelsac mow­misTvis kiTvis dasmis uflebac ar aqvs mxareebTan SeTanx mebis gareSe.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, kodeqsis arsebiTi siaxlea is, rom dacvis mxares mieniWa uflebamosileba Caataros gamoZieba, anu TviTon damoukideblad moipovos mtkicebulebebi da ar iyos damokidebuli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris keTil ne baze. Ddac­vis es ufleba garantirebulia saproceo kodeqsis 38­e mux­lis me­7 nawiliT, romlis Tanaxmadac braldebuls ufleba aqvs: damoukideblad an advokatis meSveobiT Caata ros gamoZieba, kanonierad moipovos da waradginos mtkiceb uleba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT; moiTxovos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba da gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba, romelic saWiroa braldebis uarsay­ofad an pasuxismgeblobis Sesam subuqeblad; monawileoba miiRos misi an/da misi advokatis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi; moiTxo vos advokatis daswreba misi monawileobiT Catarebuli saga moZiebo moqmedebis dros.

39­e muxlis Tanaxmad: 1. braldebuls ufleba aqvs, sakuTari xarjiT, TviTon an/da

advokatis daxmarebiT moipovos mtkicebuleba. braldebu­lis mier mopovebul mtkicebulebas braldebis mxaris mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebis Tanabari iuridiuli Zala aqvs.

2. Tu mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi saga­moZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catareba, romelsac braldebuli an misi advokati damoukideblad ver at­arebs, igi uflebamosilia Sesabamisi ganCinebis gamot­anis Suamdgom lobiT mimarTos mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT. mosamarTle valdebulia miiRos yvela zoma, raTa braldebis mxarisaTvis cnobili ar gaxdes dacvis mxaris mier mtkiceb ulebis mopoveba.

mtkicebulebis mopoveba braldebulis uflebaa da ara valdeb­uleba. udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principis Tanaxmad, bral­

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debuli araa valdebuli amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. ufro metic, axali kodeqsis 38­e muxlis me­18 nawilis Tanaxmad:

`braldebulis mier Tavisi uflebebis gamoyeneba an gamouyenebloba ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis dama­dasturebel mtkicebulebad.~

SejibrebiToba da Tanasworoba sagamoZiebomoqmedebebis ganxorcielebisas

SejibrebiTobisa da Tanasworobis principis kidev erT gamov­linebas warmoadgens is garemoeba, rom mxareebs _ bral debas da dacvas _ aqvT Tanabari uflebebi sagamoZiebo moq medebebis ganx­orcielebisas.

axali kodeqsis 111­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `mxareebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT sagamoZiebo moq medebebis Catarebisas aqvT Tanabari ufleba­movaleobebi, gar da am muxlis me­2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebi sa. mxareebi saga­moZiebo moqmedebebs atareben am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT da dadgenil farglebSi.~ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi 2013 wlis 14 ivniss ganxorcielebuli cvlilebis Tanaxmad, romelic amoqmeddeba 2014 wlis 1 seqtembridan saproceso kod­eqsis 111­e muxlis pirveli nawili Camoyalibda Semdegi saxiT: (1. mxareebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT sagamoZiebo moq­medebis Catarebisas aqvT Tanabari ufleba­movaleobebi. mxareebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebas atareben am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT da dadgenil farglebSi. dacvis mxaris dasabuTebuli Suamdgomlo­biT, sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze sagamoZiebo moqmedebas atarebs gamomZiebeli, romelic ar SeiZleba iyos igive piri, ro­melic mocemuli saqmis gamoZiebas awarmoebs. gamomZiebeli unda SearCios sagamoZiebo organos xelmZRvanelma da misi vinaoba da sakontaqto monacemebi dacvis mxares unda ecnobos Suamdgomlo­biT moTxovnili sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebamde. am SemTx­vevaSi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebasTan dakavSirebuli xar­jebis anazRaureba ekisreba braldebuls, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac braldebuli sasamarTlos warudgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebiTac dadasturdeba mis mier am xarjebis anazRaurebis

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SeuZlebloba. dacvis mxares ufleba aqvs, monawileoba miiRos Tavisi moTxovniT Catarebul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi.

111­e muxlis me­2 nawiliT, `dacvis mxare ar aris ufle­bamosili, sasamarTlos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT Semdegi sag­amoZiebo moqmedebebis Casatareblad: a) Cxreka; b) amoReba.~ cv­lileba ganxorcielda 111­e muxlis meore nawilSic, romelic aseve amoqmeddeba 2014 wlis 1 seqtembridan.

(2. dacvis mxaris ufleba, SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos sa­samarTlos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Taobaze, ar vrcel­deba am kodeqsis 112­e muxlis me­5 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul garemoebebze. dacvis mxares ara aqvs ufleba, sasamarTlos ne­barTvis gareSe Caataros iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, romlis CatarebisaTvis, am kodeqsis Tanaxmad, saWiroa aseTi nebarTva.

ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis mTavari arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dacvis mxares 2014 wlis 1 seqtembridan ukve eqneba SesaZlebloba mimarTos sasamarTlis SuamdgomlobiT Cxrekisa da amoRebis Catarebis Taobaze. aseve Suamdgomlobis dakmayo­filebis SemTxvevaSi Cxrekisa da amoRebis Catarebis wesi.

Aam WrilSi aseve unda aRiniSnos saproceso kodeqsis 120­e muxlis me­10 punqtSi ganxorcielebuli cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmadac dacvis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze amoRebuli sa­gnis, nivTis, nivTierebis, agreTve informaciis Semcveli doku­mentis pirveladi gamokvlevis ufleba aqvs braldebis mxares. (14.06.2013. #741 amoqmeddes 2014 wlis 1 seqtembridan.)

gamokiTxva, saproceso kodeqsis 113-e muxli„nebismieri piri, romelic SesaZlebelia flobdes saqmisaT­

vis mniSvnelovan informacias, nebayoflobiT SeiZleba gamok­iTxul iqnes mxareTa mier. dauSvebelia gamosakiTxi piri aiZu­lon, warmoadginos mtkicebuleba an gasces informacia.~ Mmo­cemul debulebaSi xazi unda gavusvaT ramdenime gare moebas. gamokiTxva aris nebayoflobiTi, aseTi piri ar aris mowme _ mas ar gaaCnia informaciis micemis valdebuleba. mis mier micemuli informacia mxolod nebayofilobiT xasiaTs atarebs. aseTi in­formacia saSualebas aZlevs mxares gadawyvi tos _ gamoiZaxos

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Tu ara gamokiTxuli piri sasamarTloSi mowmis saxiT. zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, axali procesi mainc iTval iswinebs

mowmis dakiTxvas gamoZiebis dros, Tumca mxolod garkveul Sem­TxvevebSi da isic mxolod magistrati mosamarTlis winaSe.

saproceso kodeqsis 114­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad: muxli #114 _ gamoZiebis dros dakiTxvis wesi 1. gamoZiebis stadiaze mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gamoZiebis ad­

gilis an mowmis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT magistrati mosamar­Tlis winaSe mowmed SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnes piri, Tu:

a) arsebobs misi sicocxlis mospobis an janmrTelobis gau­aresebis realuri safrTxe, ramac SeiZleba xeli SeuSa los mis dakiTxvas saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros;

b) igi didi xniT tovebs saqarTvelos teritorias; g) saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTad gansaxilvelad warmarT­

visaTvis aucilebeli mtkicebulebis sxva wyaroebidan mopove ba saWiroebs aragonivrul Zalisxmevas;

d) es aucilebelia dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoy­enebasTan dakavSirebiT.

1. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT magistrati mosamar­Tlis winaSe Cvenebis micema savaldebuloa da masze uar­is Tqma iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.

2. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi dasakiTx pirs iZaxeben sasamarTlo uwyebiT. dakiTxva mimdinareobs mx­areTa monawileobiT. meore mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar abrkolebs dakiTxvis warmoebas.

3. marTlmsajulebis interesebidan gamomdinare, mxa­ris dasabuTebuli SuamdgomlobiTa da mosamarTlis gadawyvetile biT SesaZlebelia dakiTxva warmoebul iqnes meore mxaris wi naswar informirebisa da daswrebis gar­eSe. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowmis mier micemuli Cveneba saq­mis arsebiTi ganxilvisas dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa, Tu SesaZlebelia misi xelaxali dakiTxva.

4. mowme unda daikiTxos Suamdgomlobis dayenebidan gonivrul vadaSi. Suamdgomlobis avtoris gamoucxade­blobis SemTxvevaSi mowme ar ikiTxeba.

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5. gamoZiebis stadiaze dasakiTxi piris adgilsamyoflis

mixedviT magistrati mosamarTlis winaSe SeiZleba aseve

da kiTxul iqnes piri, Tu:

a) saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis, individu­

aluri SeTanxmebis anda nacvalgebis pirobebis safuZvelze Semo­

sulia ucxo saxelmwifos kompetenturi organos Suamd gomloba

samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb;

b) dasakiTxi piri gamoZaxebulia `sisxlis samarTlis sfer­

oSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kan­

onis me­7 muxliT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad.

7. am muxlis me­6 nawilis `b~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi ar gamoiyeneba amave muxlis me­2 nawiliT dad­

genili wesi.

mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvna, rom 118­e muxlis me­3 nawil­

iT, marTalia, mowmis aseTi Cveneba saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis

sxdomaze qveyndeba, es Cveneba ar SeiZleba iyos braldebulis

msjavrdebis erTaderTi safuZveli. igi dadasturebuli unda

iyos sxva mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobiT.

rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad mTeli rigi normebisa, rom lebic

adgenen dacvis mxaris da braldebis Tanabar ufle bamosilebas,

magram mainc arsebobs garkveuli sxvaobebi.

pirveli gansxvaveba, romelic unda aRiniSnos, aris is gare­

moeba, rom saproceso kodeqsis 33­e muxlis me­6 nawilis ̀ n~ qve­

puntiT, prokurori uflebamosilia moiTxovos da daubrkole­

blad miiRos saxelmwifo organoebidan dokumenti Tu sxva nivT­

ieri mtkicebuleba. Drac niSnavs imas, rom proku roris moTxovna

savaldebulo iqneba Sesasruleblad Sesa bamisi dawesebulebebisa

Tu organizaciebisTvis.

dacvis mxare ki moklebulia aseT SesaZleblobas. Tu dac vis

mxare mimarTavs romelime dawesebulebas da miiRebs uars doku­

mentis an nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebaze, mas rCeba SesaZle­

bloba mimarTos sasamarTlos da saproceso kodeqsis 39­e mux­

lze dayrdnobiT, mosTxovos sasamarTlos Sesabamisi ganCinebis

miReba.

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Semdegi, rasac minda Sevexo, es aris sagamoZiebo moq medebis Catarebis specifika da sagamoZiebo moqmedebis gamok iTxvis oqmis Sedgenis sakiTxi.

aRniSnuli sakiTxi aseve ukavSirdeba dacvis mxaris saTa nado momzadebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTi ganxil visTvis.

warmodgenili sakiTxis problematika mdgomareobs Sem degSi, aqvT Tu ara mxareebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmis Sedgenis valdebuleba? warmoadgens Tu ara sagamoZiebo mo qmedebis oqmi mtkicebulebas da eqvemdebareba Tu ara saga moZiebo moqmedebis oqmi gadacemas mxareebs Soris mtkiceb ulebaTa Sesaxeb informa­ciis gacvlis dros.

saproceso kodeqsis #111­e muxli mxareebisTvis adgens valdebulebas, rom sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebisas unda ixelmZRvanelon saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT da farg­lebSi. _ mxareebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs atareben am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT da dadgenil farglebSi. Sesabam isad, sagamoZie­bo moqmedebis Catarebis wesi da farglebi mo cemulia saproceso kodeqsis XV TavSi, sxva wess saproceso kanonmdebloba ar icnobs. Kkodeqsis 134­e muxli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis erT­erT wesad iTvaliswinebs oqmis Sed genas, romlis Tanaxmadac sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmi dgeba uSualod sagamoZiebo moq­medebis msvlelobisas an misi damTavrebisTanave.

3. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmi SeiZleba daiweros xeliT an Sedges teqnikuri saSualebiT.

4. Semdeg mocemulia oqmis savaldebulo rekvizitebi. 135­e muxli ki kidev ufro akonkretebs im informaciis Sinaarss, ro­melic unda aisaxos calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis oqmebSi. marTalia, kanonmdebelma mxareebs mianiWa ufleba da moukideblad moipovon mtkicebulebebi, magram amavdroulad daadgina garkveu­li wesebi, romelTa dacvac aucilebelia sagamoZiebo moqmedebis, Catarebisas da am wesebis nawilia sagamoZiebo moqmedebis maT So­ris gamokiTxvis oqmis Sedgenis valdebuleba. Sesabamisad daskvna calsaxaa: mxareebs nebism ieri sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebisas akisriaT oqmis Sed genis valdebuleba.

Semdegi kiTxva, romelzec pasuxi unda gaeces, warmoadgens

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Tu ara gamokiTxvis oqmi mtkicebulebas. saproceso kodeqsis me­3 muxlis mixedviT, mtkicebule baa

_ kanoniT dadgenili wesiT sasamarTloSi wardgenili infor­macia, am informaciis Semcveli sagani, do kumenti, nivTiereba an sxva obieqti, romlis safuZvelze dac mxareebi sasamarTloSi adastureben an uaryofen faqtebs, samarTlebrivad afaseben maT, asruleben movaleobebs, icaven TavianT uflebebsa da kanonier interesebs, xolo sasamarTlo adgens, arsebobs Tu ara faqti an qmedeba, romlis gamoc xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis pro­cesi, Caidina Tu ara es qmedeba garkveulma pirma, damnaSavea Tu ara igi, agreTve garemoebebs, romlebic gavlenas axdens bral­debulis pasux ismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axasiaTebs mis pirovnebas. dokumenti mtkicebulebaa, Tu is Seicavs sisxlis samarT lis saqmis faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoebebis dasa dgenad saWiro cnobas. dokumentad iTvleba nebismieri wya­ro, romelSic informacia aRbeWdilia sityvier­niSnobrivi for­miT an/da foto­, kino­, video­, bgerisa Tu sxva Canaweris saxiT an sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT.

Sesabamisad, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmi, Tu misi wardgena ar xdeba sasamarTlosTvis, ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebas.

qvemoT moyvanilia praqtikuli magaliTi, romelic sas­rgeblo iqneba advokatebisTvis gamokiTxva­dakiTxvis momza debis procesSi.

mowmis dakiTxva-gamokiTxva:gasaTvaliswinebeli kiTxvebi2

qvemoT moyvanili CamonaTvali Zalian sasargebloa, Tu isi­ni sworadaa gamoyenebuli. CamonaTvali Seicavs im kiTx vebs, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi unda dausvan konkretuli tipis mow­meebs gansazRvruli tipis saqmeebSi. maTi gadaxedva unda mox­

2 saxelmZRvanelos qveTavi _ `mowmis dakiTxva­gamokiTxva: gasaTval­iswinebeli kiTxvebi~ amoRebulia jon repingis statiidan ̀ mowmis gamokiTxva – gasaTvaliswinebeli kiTxvebi~. amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa madlobas uxdis baton jon repings.

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des, rodesac Sens konkretul kiTxvaTa CamonaTvals amza deb aseTi mowmeebis dasakiTxad. isini dagexmareba gaarkvio is mniS­vnelovani sakiTxebi, rac unda ganixilo dakiTxvis dros.

unda aRiniSnos, rom bevri SekiTxva mocemuli CamonaTvali­dan SeiZleba iyo ararelevanturi Sen mier dasakiTxi mowmis da­kiTxvisTvis. CamonaTvalma SesaZloa zogierT kiTxvas ig norireba gaukeTos, rac Seni saqmisTvis Zalian didi mniS vnelobisaa, efeq­turi interviu ar unda Sedges meqnikurad mxolod CamonaTvali­dan, mixedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad srulia sia.

1. mowmeebis amocnoba Semdegi kiTxvebi ZiriTadad mniSvnelovania im mowmeTa dakiTx­

visTvis, romlebmac srulad Tu nawilobriv dainaxes danaSulis Cadenis momenti. mowme SeiZleba iyos nebismieri piri, romelic adgilze imyofeboda, garda mosarCelis mow misa. daimaxsovre, rom iseTi uaryofiTi pasuxebi, rogoricaa `ar vici~ an `ar maxsovs~, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes iseve efeqturad, rogorc kiTxvebzeY dadebiTi pasuxebi.

2. incidenti − − detaluri aRweriloba Tu ra moxda; ras akeTebda − mowme manamde; − sad da visTan erTad iyo; − rodis hqonda incidents adgili; − sad moxda incidenti; − ras aqcevda mowme yuradRebas, ram miiqcia misi yur­

adReba; − vin iqna identificirebuli rogorc mopasuxe, ra roli

hqonda mas incidentSi; − sxva ramdeni piri gaxda incidentis mowme; − vin arian is sxva pirebi (misamarTebi da a.S.); − zustad ra moxda (detalurad) – miiRe/gamoiyene dia­

grama Tu SesaZlebelia

I. mowmis fizikuri monacemebi, rasac unda davakvirdeT− SeSinebuli; − daRlili (ramden xans eZina mowmes wina RamiT);

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− yuradReba gafantuli/aRelvebuli; − asaki; − janmrTelobis mdgomareoba (Tavis tkivili, sicxe da

a.S.);− mkurnalobis qveS imyofeba; − raRac hqonda dasalevi an miiRo wamali incidentamde; − mxedvelobis mdgomareoba (saTvale _ axlo Tu Sorsmxedve­

li)

II. fizikuri mdgomareoba− mowmesa da incidents Soris manZili;− incidentis xangrZlivoba (mopasuxis incidentis danax­

vidan danaSaulis adgilis datovebamde); − raze amaxvilebda mowme yuradRebas – magaliTad, iaraRi; − dakvirvebis kuTxe mowmis poziciidan sagnis pozi − ciamde (zemoT/qvemoT/pirispir da a.S.); −− dRe/Rame;− amindi (Rrubliani/mziani da a.S.); − ganaTebis pirobebi (gareT/SigniT);− adgilze ganaTebis raodenoba;− zusti adgilmdebareoba da tipi – gamoiyene diagrama; − dabrkolebebi/barierebi (mowmidan sagnebamde);− mowme an eWvmitanili CrdilSi.

IV. incidentis dros mopasuxis aRwera− asaki, wona, aRnagoba;− kanis feri;− Tmis feri;− Tvalebis feri da forma;− Tmebis sixSire, maT Soris saxis;− cxviri, piris aparatis aRweriloba;− saxis forma;− ucnauri an uCveulo xma;− atarebs quds (tipi, feri da a.S.);− acvia palto (tipi, feri da a.S.);

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− acvia perangi (tipi, feri da a.S.);− acvia Sarvali (tipi, feri da a.S.);− acvia fexsacmeli (tipi, feri da a.S.);− sxva tansacmeli;− ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTeblebi (fizikuri); − ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTeblebi (tansacmeli).

III. fotoTi identificirebis Tanmdevi garemoebebi− rogor aRuwera pirvelad mowmem mopasuxe policiels?− vis aRuwera?− Caiwera Tu ara policielma?− aCvenes Tu ara eWvmitanilis foto mowmes?− rodis? sad? ramdeni? vis mier?− moaxdina Tu ara mowmem raime fotos identificireba?− rodis?− sad?− ra Tqva mowmem?

darwmunebulobis xarisxi, erTidan aTamde masSta biT: − ramdeni suraTi naxa mowmem, sanam vinmes amoarCevda? − rogor iyo fotoebi warmodgenili _ Sekruli saxiT Tu

magidaze gafantuli? − moaxdina Tu ara mowmem mopasuxis fotos amocnoba? − aris gansxvaveba eWvmitanilis garegnobasa da suraTs So­

ris?− sagnis ramdeni suraTi iyo naCvenebi, risi amocnobac mow­

mem moaxdina?− ra uTxra, Tu uTxra, policiam mowmes, rodesac su­

raTebi aCvena?− moaxdina Tu ara mowmem sxva piris amocnoba nacvlad

mopasuxisa?− ra gaxda fotos amocnobis safuZveli? (ram gamoiwvia

mowmis mier fotos amorCeva?

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nanaxi fotoebis tipebi: − feradi polaroidi;− SavTeTri;− profile;− sruli saxe. pirebis raodenoba suraTze: − mowmis mier winaswar amocnoba ? (moaxdina Tu ara mow mem

mopasuxis amocnoba fotos naxvamde? Tu ki, garemoebebi); − hqonda Tu ara adgili policiis mier instruqciebis

micemas sanam mowme suraTebs aTvalierebda? − vin eswreboda fotoebis daTvalierebas? (policia,

prokurori, sxva mowmeebi); − ris safuZvelze axdens mowme amocnobas? (tansacmeli,

saxe, sxeulis agebuleba); − Tu sxva mowmeebi eswrebodnen, yvela maTganma naxa fotoe­

bi erTad Tu calcalke?

VI. adgilis identificirebis Tandmevi garemoebebi− miiyvanes Tu ara mopasuxe ukan danaSaulis adgilas?− da zustad sad moxda eqsponireba?− incidentidan ramdeni xnis Semdeg?− ra Tqva policiam, rodesac mopasuxe ukan miiyvanes amoc­

nobisTvis? − kidev vin iyo mowmesTan erTad? − ramdeni sagani moitana policiam ukan identificirebi­

sTvis? − sad iyo mowme rodesac mopasuxe miiyvanes? − sad iyo mopasuxe,rodesac mowmem pirvelad dainaxa igi? − SeeZlo mowmes amoecno mopasuxe? − ra gaxda amocnobis safuZveli (nacnobi tansacmeli,

garegnoba, xma da a.S.); − ramden xans uyurebda mowme mopasuxes sanam amoic nobda? − ra manZilze iyo mopasuxe mowmisgan? − Tqva mopasuxem rame?

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− ra emociuri gancxadeba gaakeTa mowmem amocnobis − dros? (nerviuli, SeSinebuli, mtkivneuli da a.S.). − iyo Tu ara mowmis mier amocnobili pirovneba xel­

borkilebiT?− iyo Tu ara gasnxvaveba eWvmitanilis garegnobebs So ris

Cvenebis da danaSaulis Cadenis dros? (aseve ixileT kiTxvebi V).

− policiis garda iyo Tu ara vinme mopasuxesTan erTad?− amocnobis dros iyo Tu ara mowmesTan erTad sxva mowme?

(Tu ki, aRwere ra moxda)

VII. rigze amocnobis Tanmdevi garemoebebi− mowmem amoicno mopasuxe rigze?− rodis?− sad?− ramdeni adamiani iyo?− ra poziciaze iyo mopasuxe?− mowmem sxva mowmeebis TandaswrebiT amoicno mopasuxe?− aCvenes Tu ara mowmes sagnebis nebismieri suraTi rigSi

naxvamde?− rodis? − ramdeni?− visi?− vis mier?− ra iTqva?− iyvnen sxva mowmeebic?− sxva mowmeebsac aCvenes fotoebi?− ramdeni?− rigamde an mis mere iTqva Tu ara rame policiis an sxva

mowmis mier?− ris safuZvelze moxda mopasuxis amocnoba? (ra maxa­

siaTeblebiT);− danaSualis dRidan aris Tu ara rame gansxvaveba gareg­

nobaSi?− ris safuZvelze moxda mopasuxis rigze amocnoba? (ra

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maxasiaTeblebs eZebda mowme?). (aseve ixile kiTxvebi V).

VIII. sxva saxis identificireba− mowmes rodesme amoucvnia vinme? (garemoebebi)− mowmem ver SeZlo mopasuxis amocnoba; − fotoTi − piradad − uTqvams mowmes policiisTvis an sxvisTvis, rom man ver

SeZlo eWvmitanilis amocnoba? − sxva mowmeebs rodesme ver amoucvniaT mopasuxe? − unaxavs mowmes mopasuxe manamde? − rodis? − sad? − urTierTobis done?

1. adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi Semdegi saxis dakiTxvebi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba im saqmeTa

mowmeebis dasakiTxad, rogoricaa, pirveli xarisxis mkvl eloba, meore xarisxis mkvleloba, Tavdasxma mkvlelobis gan zraxviT, qurdoba an gaupatiureba, Tavdasxma momakvdinebeli iaraRiT da ubralo Tavdasxma. es kiTxvebi zogadia da gamoiy eneba rogorc CamonaTvali, is ar aris imisTvis Seqmnili, rom Caanacvlos kiTxvebi mowmis specifikuri dakiTxvisTvis, raTa gamoaaSkaraon is mniSvnelovani faqtebi, rac gamoZiebis Sede gad am saqmeSi arsebobs.

I. sad? − sad moxda danaSauli (misamarTi)? − konkretulad ra misamarTze moxda danaSauli? − sad idgnen zustad monawileebi, rodesac dava/Cxubi

daiw yo? − sad iyvnen monawileebi zustad sabediswero Tavdasxmis

dros? − zustad aRwere sad iyo mowme yovelive zemoT Tqmu lis

dros? − zustad aRwere sad iyvnen sxva mowmeebi yovelive ze moT

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Tqmulis dros? − am misamarTze zustad sad iyo mkvlelobis adgili?

II. rodis? − rodis daiwyo dava/Cxubi? − rodis mivida mopasuxe danaSaulis adgilas? − rodis mivida dakiTxuli mowme danaSaulis adgilas? − rodis mividnen sxva mowmeebi danaSaulis adgilas? − rodis moxda sabediswero Tavdasxma? − rodis moxda danaSaulis Setyobineba? − rodis gardaicvala msxverpli? III. ra? ra gaxda davis/Cxubis mizezi? − ra moxda zustad, ra Tqva da gaakeTa mopasuxem da msx­

verplma davis/Cxubis dros da mis Semdeg? − vin dailaparaka pirvelma da ra Tqva? − ra gakeTda? − hqonda Tu ara adgili raime waqezebas an muqaras? − ra? vis mier?pasuxi? − vin Caidina pirveli aSkara qmedeba? − ra iyo es? − ra iyo masze pasuxi? − hqonda Tu ara mopasuxes gasvlis mcdeloba Tu CaerTo? − msxverplma daixia ukan? − iyo Tu ara raime iaraRi? − vis hqonda? − sad iyvnen isini? − ra tipis iaraRi? − vin gamoiyena? − mopasuxem iaraRi gamoiyena ise rom msxverpli amas xe­

davda? − msxverplma iaraRi gamoiyena ise rom mopasuxe amas xe­

davda? − daibruna Tu ara policiam raime iaraRi msxverplisgan an

mis maxloblad?

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− sxva vinmes mier? − gadasces policias? Tu policiam mopasuxisgan daibru na

iaraRi? − Tqveni azriT, ratom Caidina mopasuxem is, rac Caidina? − ra Tqva an ra gaakeTa maSinve mopasuxem sabediswero dar­

tymis Semdeg? − ra Tqva (an gaakeTa) sabediswero dartymis Semdeg msx­

verplma? − ra uTxra dakiTxulma mowmem policias (Tu uTxra)? − sad? − rodis? − vis mimarT? − moawera xeli Cvenebas? − daadasturebs winaswar mosmenebze? − nafici msajulebi/mosamarTleTa kolegia? − ra uTxres sxva mowmeebma policias? rodis? sad? da a.S.

− uTxra rame msxverplma policias sabediswero datymis Semdeg? ra? sad? rodis?

− uTxra Tu ara rame vinmes (maT Soris saavadmyofos per­sonals) msxverplma sabediswero dartymis Semdeg? ra? rodis? sad? vis? vin uTxra policias?

− ra gaakeTa dakiTxulma mowmem mTeli am incidentis dros? − ra gaakeTes sxva mowmeebma mTeli am incidentis dros?

IV. rogor? − rogor mividnen da rogor datoves adgili (mopasuxe,

mowme, msxverpli)? − ramden xans gagrZelda incidenti? − rogor iyo iaraRebi gamoyenebuli? − mopasuxis mier? − msxverplis mier? − sxva vinmes mier? − ra saxis ziani hqonda miyenebuli msxverpls (mopa suxes)? − sad? − ramdenad mZime?

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− ramdeni? − sad mkurnalobda? − rogor moxvda iq? − ramdenjer uTxra mopasuxem msxverpls daetovebina mar­

to? − ra iTqva? − gaigo es msxverplma? − ramdenad Sors iyo msxverpli mopasuxisgan, rodesac in­

cidenti daiwyo? − ramdenad Sors iyo msxverpli mopasuxisgan maSin,rode sac

sabediswero dartyma ganxorcielda? − ramdenjer uTxra msxverplma mopasuxes, rom marto dae­

tovebina? − ra iTqva? gaigo mopasuxem? − ramdenad Soris iyo msxverpli da mopasuxe mowmisgan

yovelive zemoT Tqmulis dros? − ramdeni adamiani monawileobda davaSi/CxubSi? vin? ra

gaakeTes?

V. vin ra gaakeTa zemoT moyvanili kiTxvebidan unda iqnes pasuxebi mopove buli

VI. dacvis kiTxvebis forma (adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa umravles SemTx­

vevaSi msxverplsa da mopasuxes Soris urTierToba relevantu­ria. rodesac mimarTav dakiTxvas, darwmunebuli iyavi, rom Tavs daicavs: (1) msxverplis moZaladeobrivi Tu agresiuli xasaiTi; (2) mopasuxis mier msxverlis agresiuli xasiaTis codna; (3) msxverplsa da mopasuxes Soris manamde arsebuli dapirispireba

2. dacvis kiTxvebi Semdegi kiTxvebi unda gaiTvaliswino yvela mowmis da kiTxvis

dros (msxverpli, TviTmxilveli mowme, msxverplis megobrebi da naTesavebi, mopasuxis megobrebi da naTesavebi, policiis ofi­

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crebi), sadac dacva SeiZleba iyos Tavdacva ,anu yvela mkv­leloba, Tavdasxma da a.S. es kiTxvebi ar aris eqskluziuri, magram ubralod saxelmZRvaneloa. damatebiTi kiTxvebi unda daisvas, rom moergos konkretul faqtebs. Sen unda ecado, rom gamoarkvio specifikuri SemTxvevebi da ara mxolod zogadi poziciebi, magaliTad, `is cudi adamiania~, `yovelTvis Cxubobs~ da a.S.

I. msxverplis agresiuli Tu `cudi~ xasiaTis mtkicebuleba: (msxverplis agresiulobisadmi midrekilebis saCveneblad)

− iyo Tu ara msxverpli agresiuli adamiani? − erTveboda Tu ara adamianebTan mudmivad CxubSi, kamaTSi,

davebSi? − aSineb da adamianebs? (daakonkreteT detalebi Tu sad,

rodis, visTan, vin eswreboda, Sedegi da a.S.). − hqonda Tu ara msxverpls urTierToba iseT adamian ebTan,

romelTac axasiaTebT agresia sxvis mimarT? Tu asea, vin iyvnen es sxva adamianebi da sad iyvnen erTad?

− rodesme gagigiaT, rom msxverpli raime saxis iaraRs atarebda?

− ra saxis iaraRi? − msxverpli yovelTvis atarebda am iaraRs? xSirad, xan­

daxan? (daakonkreteT) − gamouyenebia Tu ara msxverpls iaraRi vinmes mimarT gar­

da mopasuxisa? (Tu ki, daakonkreteT detalebi Tu sad, rodis, vis mimarT, ziani, vin eswreboda, Sedegi da a.S.)

− yovelive zemoT Tqmuli Seni piradi dakvirvebiT gaige Tu sxvebma giTxres? (Tu sxvebma, daakonkreteT vin, ro­dis, sad da a.S.)

− msxverpli agresiuli iyo rodesac iyo fxizeli, se­riozuli Tu rodesac iyo nasvami an svamda?

− cnobili iyo, rom mowmes hqonda midrekileba smisadmi (Tavs ver ikavebda? iRebda narkotiks?

− iyo Tu ara msxverpli rodesme braldebuli, dakavebuli an gasamarTlebuli raime saxis agresiuli qmedebisTvis

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vinmes mimarT? (Tu ki, rodis, sad, TariRi, Sedegi, anu braldebuli iyo, Sewyda saqme da a.S.).

II. mopasuxis codna msxverplis moZalade, agresiuli Tu `cudi~ xasiaTis Sesaxeb:

− gansazRvre icoda Tu ara mopasuxem msxverplTan da­kavSirebuli zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebi. Tu icoda, daa konkrete detalebi, saidan icoda, vin uTxra, rodis gaigo da a.S.

− hqonia Tu ara warsulSi adgili msxverplis mxridan mopasuxis muqaras?

− piradad mopasuxis mimarT (detalebi: sad, rodis, vin eswreboda da a.S.)?

− mopasuxesTan dakavSirebul sxva adamianebTan? (de talebi: sad, rodis, vin eswreboda da a.S.)

− icoda Tu ara mopasuxem msxverplis mxridan mis mimarT muqaris Sesaxeb?

− daakonkrete detalebi Tu vin uTxra mas, sad, rodis, reaqcia.

III. msxverplsa da mopasuxes Soris manamde arsebuli urTierToba − hqondaT Tu ara msxverplsa da mopasuxes sirTuleebi

warsulSi?

3. sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli Semdegi gamokiTxva unda gamoiyenoT iseTi mowmis dakiTx­

visTvis, sadac saqme exeba qurdobas, sxvadasxva saxis yaCaRoba. es kiTxvebi zogadia da gamoiyeneba rogorc CamonaTvali, is ar aris imisTvis Seqmnili, rom Caanacvlos mowmis specifikuri dakiTxvisTvis, raTa gamaaSkaraon is uni kaluri faqtebi, rac gamoZiebis Sedegad am saqmeSi arsebobs.

I. sad? − sad moxda danaSauli (misamarTi)?

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− am misamarTze konkretulad sad moxda SenobaSi SeR weva? − am misamarTze konkretulad sad moxda waReba? − konkretulad sad iyo mopasuxe am incidentis dros? − konkretulad sad iyvnen macxovreblebi incidentis dros? − SenobaSi konkretulad sad aiRo policiam TiTis ana­

beWdebi? − waRebul nivTebze sad aiRo policiam TiTis anabeWdebi? − Senobaze an sakuTrebaze sad waiSala anabeWdebi? − sad gadaitanes qoneba/sakuTreba?

II. rodis? − rodis moxda danaSauli? dro? − rodis mivida pirvelad mopasuxe? wavida? − rodis? (dRe da dro) − sad? (zustad adgili) − vin eswreboda? (sruli saxelebi, misamarTebi, telefonis

nomrebi) − davis an Cxubis mizezi? − vin dailaparaka pirvelma da ra Tqva zustad? − hqonda Tu ara adgili gamowvevas an muqaras? ra, vis mier

da ra iyo pasuxi − vin Caidina pirvelad qmedeba? ra saxis qmedeba iyo? pa­

suxi? − hqonda Tu ara gasvlis mcdeloba mopasuxes Tu CaerTo

davaSi? − iyo Tu ara iaraRi? ra saxis? vis hqonda? rogor iqna

gamoyenebuli? − daSavda vinme? rogor da ra xarisxiT? − ratom gaakeTa mopasuxem is, rac gaakeTa? − uTxariT Tu ara raime zemoT Tqmulidan policiels an/

da ubnis inspeqtors? Tu ki, ra da rodis? SeniSvna: zemoT aRniSnuli kiTxvebi ar moaxdens davis im

detalebis aRmoCenas, ramac danaSaulamde migviyvana. es unda gaiSifros detalebSi. Seamowme CamonaTavli specialuri dana­Saulebisa, rogoricaa, mkvleloba, Tavdasxma, gauTvaliswine­

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beli mkvleloba, da a.S. − rodis aRmoaCines rom danaSauli moxda? vis mier? − rodis hqonda adgili danaSaulis Setyobinebas? vis mier? − rodis moxda sakuTrebis/qonebis aRdgena? TariRi? dro? − rodis SeiZines es qoneba? sad? gadaxdili fasi? gadax­

dis qviTari?− waRebis momentisTvis Rirebulebis dadgena?

III. ra? − zustad ra moxda mTeli am incidentis ganmavlobaSi? − zustad ra Tqva mopasuxem mTeli am incidentis ganma­

vlobaSi? − zustad ra Tqva yvela mowmem mTeli am incidentis gan­

mavlobaSi? − ra saxis qoneba waiRo mopasuxem? − sruli, detaluri aRwera? − uCveulo maxasiaTeblebi? − rogor moxda sagnebis amocnoba? − ra saSualebebis gamoyenebiT moxda SeRweva? rogor

gamoiyenes? darCa niSnebi Senobebze? − raime aRadgines? − Tuki gamoiyena, ra iaraRi gamoiyena mopasuxem an ra sxva

sagnebi? − aRwere iaraRi da misi gamoyeneba? − ra sagnebi darCa SenobaSi, Tu darCa, is rac mopasuxes

ekuTvnoda? − sad aris axla es sagnebi? − ra informacia miawodes policias? − ra informacia miawodes sadazRvevo kompanias? rodis?

sad? − romel kompanias? Sedegi?

IV. rogor?− rogor mivida mopasuxe? datova teritoria? (satrans­

porto saSualeba)

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− rogor SeaRwia mopasuxem SenobaSi, sadac qoneba iyo? − rogor datova mopasuxem saxli? − TiToeuli detalurad: − gatexviT? − rkinis xelsawyo − alternatiuli sakeTebi? − sriala saketebi? − Ria Sesasvleli? − SigniT myofi adamianisgan moTxovna? − rogor waiRes qoneba Senobidan? − rogor aRadgines qoneba?

4. gayalbeba Semdegi saxis dakiTxva unda gamoiyenoT iseTi mowmis da­

kiTxvisTvis, sadac saqme exeba gayalbebas. es kiTxvebi zoga dia da gamoiyeneba rogorc CamonaTvali, is ar aris imisTvis Seqm­nili rom Caanacvlos mowmis specifikuri dakiTxvisTvis, raTa gamoaaSkaraon is unikaluri faqtebi, rac gamoZiebis Sedegad am saqmeSi arsebobs.

− sad? − sad moxda danaSauli? (misamarTi)? − konkretulad ra misamarTze moxda gacvla? − konkretulad sad iyo mopasuxe mTeli am drois gan­

mavlobaSi? − konkretulad sad iyo yvela mowme mTeli am inciden tis

ganmavlobaSi? − rodis? − rodis moxda danaSauli? dro? TariRi? − rodis mivida mopasuxe pirvelad? − rodis wavida mopasuxe? − rodis moxda Setyobineba danaSaulis Sesaxeb?− rodis moxda qonebis aRdgena (Tu moxda)? − ra? − zustad ra moxda mTeli am incidentis ganmavlobaSi? − zustad ra Tqva mopasuxem mTeli am incidentis ganma­

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vlobaSi? − zustad ra Tqves mowmeebma? − ra tipis amocnoba gamoiyena mopasuxem? − ra tipis instrumenti gamoiyena mopasuxem? (Ceki, sakredi­

to baraTi da a.S.)? − ra qoneba an/da fuli miiRo mopasuxem? − sruli, detaluri aRwera − sad SeiZines? − Rirebuleba (yidvis dros da waRebis dros?) − rogor moxda sagnis amocnoba? − raime uCveulo maxasiaTeblebi hqonda? − SeZenis da aRdgenis dros arsebuli pirobebi ? − ra saxelis iyo instrumenti? − mimRebi? − Semqmneli? − xelmomweri? − zustad ra dawera mopasuxem? − rodis? − sad? − visi TandaswrebiT? − vin? − vin iyo mopasuxesTan erTad (aRwereT detalurad yve­

laferi, rac maT Tqves da gaakeTes mTeli am incidentis ganmavlobaSi)?

− vin gaakeTa Setyobineba incidentis Sesaxeb? − vin upasuxa (adgilobrivi policia, Serifis ofisi)? aR­

were detalurad yvelaferi rac gacxadda/moxda amis Sem­deg;

5. fotoebi − gadauRes Tu ara mopasuxes suraTi, rodesac Cauara in­

struments? − Tu ki, sad iyo kamera, suraTis gadaRebis dros sad iyo

mopasuxe, sad aris suraTi axla?

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6. xelnaweris analizi (ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba damkavebeli Tu gamomZiebeli ofi­

crisgan intervius SemTxvevaSi). gamoikvlieT yvela detali, ra­sac mopasuxisgan xelnaweris aRebis dros hqonda adgili; ro­dis, sad, vin eswreboda, ra dawera, ra Tqva yvela, da a.S.

7. narkotikuli nivTiereba an mimdinare saqmeebi Semdegi mocemuli Svidi faqtori relevanturia maSin, rode­

sac ar arsebobs arsebiTi mizezi piris dakavebisa. samarTaldam­cavma dakavebis momentSi nebismier mowmesTan erTad unda dah­kiTxos qvemoT mocemuli kiTxvebis mixedviT, raTa gamoarkvios specifikuri faqtebi, romlebic gamoZiebas ukavSirdeba:

mopasuxis saxis `gamometyveleba~, rodesac policiis ofi­ceri dainaxa pirvelad.

mopasuxis fizikuri reaqcia, rodesac policiis oficeri dainaxa (isev idga, gaiara, daiqca da a.S.).

garemoeba, ramac afiqrebina policiels, rom eWvmitanilis moqmedeba kriminalis elements Seicavs;

eWvmitanilis qmedeba (imaTi mxaris moZraoba), riTac eWvm­itanilma moaxerxa narkotikebis gadamalva;

pirebis zusti mdgomareoba oTaxSi; avejis mdebareoba oTaxSi rac SesaZlebels an SeuZleb els

gaxdida narkotikuli nivTierebis gadamalvisa.

8. utyuari mowmeebi xSir SemTxvevaSi potenciuri utyuari mowme unda iyos

megobruli, ara mtruli ganwyobis gamomZieblis mimarT. ami tom, pasuxebi qvemoT moyvanil specifikur da ZiriTad kiTx vebze unda iyos ZiriTadad potenciuri utyuari mowmeebisgan.

− iyo mopasuxe SenTan erTad? (SeiZleba aucilebeli iyos mowmis mexsierebis fokusireba drois konkretul mon­akveTze, iseve rogorc dReze. amis gakeTeba ar aris araswori);

− rogor gaixseneb im konkretul dRes? − rogor gaixseneb im konkretul dros?

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− rodis mivida mopasuxe? − pirvelad rodis dainaxe igi? − sad dainaxe pirvelad (misamarTi, zusti adgili da a.S.)? − mopasuxe marto iyo Tu vinmesTan erTad? − visTan erTad iyo mopasuxe? − sad cxovroben isini? − Sen da mopasuxe erTad daginaxaT vinmem? − vin? − sad cxovrobs (Sen)? − ramden xans iyo mopasuxe SenTan erTad? − saidan ici, rom amden xans iyaviT erTad? − zustad ra Tqva, gaakeTa da a.S. mopasuxem? (Zalian

konkretulad da detalurad) − dagtovaT Tu ara mopasuxem rodesme am periodis gan­

mavlobaSi? − rodis? − ramdenjer? − TiToeul jerze ramden xans? − rodis dabrunda mopasuxe? − rodis wavida mopasuxe sabolood? − saidan ici? − vin wavida mopasuxesTan erTad (Tu wavida)? − sad wavida mopasuxe? − saidan ici? − SenTan erTad yofnis periodSi rogor iqceoda mopa suxe?

(Zalian konketulad, detalurad) − mTvrali? − wamlis zemoqmedebis qveS? − nerviuli? − aRelvebuli? − mSvidi? − normalurad? − gabrazebuli? − bednieri? − mowyenili?

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− ra urTierToba gaqvs mopasuxesTan? − axlo megobari? − Cveulebrivi megobari? − icnob ise rom daelaparako? − sisxliT naTesavi? − qorwinebiT naTesavi? − damsaqmebeli? − ramdeni xania rac mopasuxes icnob? − rodis naxe manamde mopasuxe bolos (gansaxilveli Tari­

Ri) − sad? ras akeTebda mopasuxe da a.S.? − naxe mopasuxe mas Semdeg (gansaxilveli TariRi? − sad? ras akeTebda da a.S.? − icodi, rom mopasuxe braldebuli iyo? − rogor gaige amis Sesaxeb? − zustad ra ici danaSaulis Sesaxeb? − rodesme gisaubria mopasuxesTan danaSaulis Sesaxeb ?

(Tu ki, aRwere detalurad) − gisaubria policiasTan rodesme am danaSaulis Sesaxeb?

(Tu ki, aRwere detalurad Tu rodis, sad, ra iTqva da a.S.)

− gisaubria rodesme am saqmis Sesaxeb ubnis prokurorTan? (Tu ki, aRwere detalurad Tu rodis, sad, ra iTqva da a.S.)

− gisaubria sxva vinmesTan am danaSaulis Sesaxeb? (Tu ki, aRwere detalurad Tu rodis, sad, ra iTqva, vin Tqva da a.S.)

− rodesme giTqvams policiis an prokurorisTvis rom mo­pasuxe SenTan erTad iyo (danaSaulis dRes)?

− rodesme yofilxar braldebuli? (rodis, sad, danaSau­lis xasiaTi)?

− sad cxovrob axla? telefonis nomeri? ramdeni xani? − sad cxovrobdi manamde?ramdeni xani? − sad muSaob? (Tu dausaqmebeli brZandebiT, ramdeni xania?) − ra poziciaze muSaob? − ramdeni xania rac mand brZandebiT dasaqmebuli?

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Tavi V _ ganrideba

ganrideba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis alternatiuli meqa­nizmia. is saSualebas aZlevs prokurors, ar daiwyos, Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna zogierT danaSaulze. sisxlissa­marTlebrivi devnis sajaro interesis ararsebobis pirobebSi, da amave dros, ar datovos danaSaulis faqti da dazaralebulis intersi reagirebis gareSe.

prokurors SesaZlebloba eZleva ganaridos piri sisx lis samarTlis sistemasa da nasamarTlobas, amasTan, xeli Seuwyos recidivis Tavidan acilebas, ganridebis subieqtis gamosworebasa da mis kanonmorCil pirovnebad Camoyalibebas. ganridebisa da mediacias safuZvlad udevs sisxlissamarT lebrivi devnis dis­kreciulobis principi, romlis gamoy enebiTac prokurori ufle­bamosilia ar daiwyos/Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. Tumca, ganridebis farglebSi devnaze uari ar gulisxmobs Cade­nili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis `patiebas~ ganridebulisTvis da mis gaTavisuflebas yovelgvari valdebulebisagan.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi prokurors sisxlis­samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisa da ganxorcielebis diskreciuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi uflebas aZlevs sisxlissamarT­lebriv devnas ganaridos, rogorc arasrul wlovani, ise srul­wlovani piri. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnis, rom ganrideba da me­diacia Tavdapirvelad SemoRebul iqna mxolod arasrulwlovani pirebis mimarT.

ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal­calke.

ganrideba arasrulwlovnis mimarT 2010 wlis ivlisSi, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod eqsSi

Sevida cvlileba. am cvlilebasTan erTad amoqmedda kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovnebis ganridebisa da mediaciis meqanizmi, romelic sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa suxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis altarnatiuli saSuale baa. Gganridebis konce­fcia emyareba Teorias, romlis mixedviTac arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedram Sei­

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Zleba meti ziani moitanos, vidre sikeTe. Gganridebis erT­erTi ZiriTadi argumentia is, rom sasamarTlo sistemam Tavisdaune­burad SeiZleba moaxdinos kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi im aras­rulwlovnebis stigma tizacia, romlebmac Caidines msubuqi da­naSauli. Sesabamisad umjobesia, rom am problemasTan gamklaveba moxdes formal uri sistemis gareT.

amas garda, ganridebis programebi SemuSavebulia imgvarad, rom moxdes sasamarTloebis, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule­bebis, aseve droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorebis gantvirTva da meti yuradRebis daTmoba ufro saSiSi samarTaldamrRvevebi­sadmi.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 105­e muxlis me­4 nawilis mixedviT Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom pirma Caidina naklebad mZime an mZime danaSauli, da da naSaulis Cadenis momentisaTvis mas ar Sesrulebia 18 weli, prokurori ufle­bamosilia dasabuTebuli dadgenilebiT mi iRos gadawyvetileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an ukve dawyebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb devnis sa­jaro interesis ararsebobis gamo. amave mux lis me­5 nawilis Tanaxmad, sssk­is 105­e muxlis me­4 nawiliT gansazRvruli gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi prokurori uflebamosilia arasrulwlovanTan gaaformos xelSekruleba ganridebis an me­diaciis Sesaxeb, romlis pirobebi ganisaz­Rvreba saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris brZanebiT. am xelSek rulebis moqmedebis maqsimaluri vadaa 1 weli.

rogorc vxedavT, imisTvis, rom prokurorma ganaridos aras­rulwlovani sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas, aucilebelia, rom man miiRos dasabuTebuli dadgenileba sisxlissamarT lebrivi dev­nis ardawyebis an ukve dawyebuli sisxlissamar Tlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb devnis sajaro interesis ararsebobis gamo. am SemTxvevaSi ismis kiTxva, Tu ra SeiZleba iyos sajaro interesi?

aRniSnul kiTxvaze pasuxs gvaZlevs iusticiis ministris brZaneba #181 sisxlis samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvane lo principebis zogadi nawilis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, rom lis mixed­viTac prokurorma diskreciuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi

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dadgenili principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakuTari Sexedulebebi­samebr unda gadawyvitos, ramdenad aris mizanSe wonili devnis dawyeba konkretul SemTxvevaSi.

prokurorma sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas unda ixelmZRvanelos Semdegi ori testiT: mtkicebulebiTi da sajaro interesis testiT, rom­lebic erTobliobaSi qmnis e.w. srul tests, mxolod sruli testis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi unda daiwyos prokurorma sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. amasTan, orive testi Sefase biTia, rac prokuroris mxridan gansakuTrebulad frTxil midgomas saWiroebs. gadawyvetileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis daw­yebis Sesaxeb miRebul unda iqnesa mxolod sruli testis dak­mayofilebis SemTxvevaSi. kerZod, roca:

a) saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi qmnis sakmaris safuZ­vels sasamarTloSi msjavrdebis realuri perspeqtivisaTvis _ mtkicebulebiTi testi;

b) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba sajaro intere siT aris nakarnaxevi _ sajaro interesis testi.

sruli testis TiToeuli etapi erTmaneTisgan damoukide­blad unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmis garemoebaTa analizisa da Sefasebis gziT da mxolod amis Semdeg unda iqnes miRebuli gadawyvetileba devnis dawyebis/ardawyebis Tu gagrZelebis Tao­baze.

zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetilebani prokurorma unda mi iRos mxolod maSin, roca SesaZlebelia Cadenili danaSau lis bunebisa da simZimis srulad gaanalizeba da saqmesTan mimarTebaSi sajaro interesis sworad Sefaseba. im SemTxveva Si, Tu prokurors ar gaaCnia sakmarisi informacia, gamoZieba unda gagrZeldes da Sea­sabamisi gadawyvetileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis Taobaze miRebul iqnes mogvianebiT.

prokuroris diskreciuli uflebamosilebis ganxor cielebis arsebiTi nawilia imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad emsax ureba devnis dawyeba arsebiT sajaro interess. prokurorma unda gaanalizos, aris Tu ara sajaro interesSi devnis dawye ba da devna ar unda daiwyos maSin, roca devnis sawinaaRmdego sajaro interesi

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aSkarad gadawonis piris dasjis interess. sajaro interesis gansazRvra unda moxdes sxvadasxva faqto ris gaTvaliswinebiT. qvemoT moyvanilia arasruli CamonaT vali im garemoebebisa, romlebic unda gaiTvaliswinos proku rorma gadawyvetilebis miRebisas. aRniSnuli CamonaTvali ar iZleva diskreciuli uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis zust formulas, Tumca am faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba da gaana lizeba arsebiTia swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi devnis dawyebis gadawyvetileba unda efuZnebodes sxvadasxva individu­aluri faqtoris Sefasebasa da daskvnebs.

sajaro interesis gansazRvrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia mra­vali sxvadasxva garemoeba, maT Soris:

a) saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi prioritetebi; b) danaSaulis buneba da simZime; g) sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis prevenciuli gavlena; d) piris braleulobis xarisxi; e) piris kriminaluri warsuli; v) gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlo bis survili; z) pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi; T) mosalod neli sasjelis msjavrdebis SemTxvevaSi an sxva

Sedegi. zemoaRniSnuli garemoebani ar aris amomwuravi. amave

dros,yovel konkretul saqmeSi yvela faqtoris ganxilva ar aris saWiro, radgan maTi ganxilvis saWiroeba damokidebulia konkretuli saqmis garemoebebze.

Tu prokurori miiRebs dadgenilebas arasrulwlovnis gan­ridebis Sesaxeb, maSin masTan xdeba xelSekrulebs dade ba gan­ridebis an mediaciis Sesaxeb, romlis pirobebi gan isazRvreba saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris brZanebiT. am xelSekrulebis moqmedebis maqsimaluri vadaa 1 weli.

iusticis ministris brZaneba #216 ̀ ganridebisa da me diaciis Sesaxeb prokurorebisaTvis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTe bebisa da mxa­reebs Soris gasaformebeli xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi pirobebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ mixedviT, Tu saq meze dawyebulia gamoZie­ba, arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi (sisxlissamarTlebrivi

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devnisaTvis saWiro mtkicebulebiTi standarti), rom arasrul­wlovanma Caidina danaSauli, proku rori uflebamosilia dis­kreciuli uflebamosilebis safuZ velze ar daiwyos/Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da gamoiyenos ganridebisa da media­ciis programa. ganridebisa da mediaciis programis gamoyenebis winapirobaa Semdegi garemoe bebis erToblioba:

a) arasrulwlovanma pirvelad Caidina naklebad mZime dana­Sauli;

b) arasrulwlovans ar miuRia monawileoba ganridebi sa da mediaciis programaSi;

g) arasrulwlovani aRiarebs danaSauls da mzad aris bodiSi moixados dazaralebulis winaSe (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);

d) arasrulwlovani (misi ojaxi) mzad aris aanazRauros ziani, an dazaralebuli uars acxadebs zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnaze;

e) prokuro ris Sinagani rwmeniTa da arasrulwlovanis WeS­mariti in teresis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar arsebobs sisxlissamarT­lebrivi devnis dawyebis, an ukve dawyebuli devnis gagrZelebis sa jaro interesi.

ganridebis programa gamoiyeneba mxolod naklebad mZime danaSaulTa erTobliobisas. ganridebis programa jgufur da­naSaulze (garda organizebuli jgufis mier Cadenili danaSau­lisa) vrceldeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Cadenili dana­Sauli jgufurobis gamo xvdeba mZime danaSaulTa katego riaSi. amasTan, jgufis monawile arasrulwlovnis pirovnuli Tvise­bebis, bralis xarisxisa da sxva garemoebebis gaTval iswinebiT, ganrideba SeiZleba ar gavrceldes jgufis yvela wevrze.

sajaro interesis gansazRvrisas prokurori xelmZRvan­elobs sisxlis samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvanelo prin­cipebiT. amave dros, prokurori iTvaliswinebs arasrulw­lovanis WeSmarit interesebs da afasebs, ra gavlena eqneba programaSi monawileobas arasrulwlovanze; rogoria recid ivis riski ganridebis gamoyenebis an sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi da sxva.

ganridebis Sesaxeb winaswar gadawyvetilebas prokurori

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iRebs arasrulwlovanTan da dazaralebulTan Sexvedrebis Sem­deg. mxares ufleba aqvs prokurors mimarTos ganridebisa da mediaciis SuamdgomlobiT. ganridebis gamoyeneba SesaZle belia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis msvlelobis nebismier sta diaze wina­sasamarTlo sxdomamde.

Tu mosalodnelia, rom ganridebisa da mediaciis momza deba ver moxerxda ukve daniSnul winasasamarTlo sxdomamde, proku­rori uflebamosilia sasamarTlos mimarTos Suamdgom lobiT winasasamarTlo sxdomis TariRis gonivruli vadiT gadatanis Taobaze.

arasrulwlovanTa ganridebis procesSi mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba socialur musaks, romelic atarebs arasrul wlovnis pirvelad biofsiqosocialur Sefasebas. Sefasebis daskvnasa da xelSekrulebis sarekomendacio pirobebs so cialuri muSaki prokurorTan Sexvedridan 5 dRis vadaSi awvdis prokurors.

daskvnis safuZvelze prokurori socialur muSakTan er­Tad adgens xelSekrulebis pirobebs. pirobebis Camoyalibebi sas prokurori iTvaliswinebs dazaralebulis interess.

xelSekruleba SesaZlebelia iTvaliswinebdes: arasrulw­lovanis valdebulebebs, misi qcevis SezRudvas; mis CarTvas sxvadasxva programaSi; dazaralebulisa da mSoblis ufleba­movaleobebsa da sxva.

dakisrebuli valdebuleba _ qcevis SezRudva unda iyos arasrulwlovanis mier Cadenili qmedebis proporciulad. dauS­vebelia imaze ufro mkacri valdebulebis dakisreba gamoyene­ba, vidre sasamarTlo Seufardebda arasrulwlovans Cadenili qmedebisaTvis. proporciulobis gansazRvrisas mniS vnelovania arasrulwlovnis asakisa da pirovnuli maxasiaTe blebis gaTval­iswineba.

xelSekrulebis pirobebis gansazRvrisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes socialuri muSakis daskvna, da Sesabamisad, aras­rulwlovnis interesebi, hobi, pirovnuli miswrafebebi da a.S. aRniSnuli umniSvnelovanesia dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad aras­rulwlovnis gamosworebisa da ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis miznebisaTvis.

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Tu dazaralebuli Tanaxmaa mediaciaSi monawileobaze an ar aqvs mkveTrad negatiuri pozicia, procesSi erTveba me diatori. mediatoris SerCevas uzrunvelyofs socialuri muSaki. Tu arasrulwlovani, misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli ar eTanxmeba prokuroris moTxovnebs da SeuZlebeli xdeba xelSekrulebis sxva pirobebze SeTanxmeba, prokurori wyvets process da iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqarTvelos kanonmde blobis Sesabamisad.

mediaciis SemTxvevaSi, prokurori monawileobas iRebs daskvniT SexvedraSi. is saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganmartavs xelSekrulebis im nawils, romelic arasrulwlovnis val­debulebebs exeba. prokurori procesis sxva monawileebTan er­Tad, xels awers xelSekrulebas da Semdeg iRebs dadgenilebas sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an Sewyve tis Sesaxeb, xelSekruleba SeiZleba daidos 12 Tvemde vadiT.

mniSvnelovani garemoebaa, rom arasrulwlovnis mier da­naSaulis aRiareba, danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebis da­dastureba ganridebis/mediaciis procesSi, an ganridebisa da mediaciis procesSi mopovebuli sxva informacia ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes samarTalwarmoebis procesSi.

ganridebisa da mediaciis mTavari principebi a) alternatiuli meqanizmebis gamoyenebis maqsimaluri

xelSewyoba _ arasrulwlovanis interesisa da marTlmsa­julebis saerTaSoriso standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maqsi­malurad xSirad unda moxdes sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da sapatimro RonisZiebebis alternativebis gamoyeneba. Tu aras­rulwlovanma pirvelad Caidina naklebad mZime danaSauli, pri­oriteti unda mieniWos sisxlis samarTlis sistemisagan mis ganridebas;

b) nebayoflobiToba _ ganridebisa da mediaciis procesSi monawileoba aris nebayoflobiTi gadawyvetileba, ra drosac arasrulwlovani aRiarebs danaSauls. dauSvebelia mxaree bze ze­gavlena maTi procesSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. mxareebi uflebamosili arian ganridebis/mediaciis procesSi monawileobaze uari Tqvan nebismier etapze;

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g) proporciuloba _ arasrulwlovnis qcevis SezRudva da valdebulebebi unda iyos Cadenili qmedebis proporciuli. pro­porciuli RonisZiebis gansazRvrisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos arasrulwlovnis asaki da sxva maxasiaTeblebi, aseve Cad­enili danaSaulis buneba, simZime, miyenebuli ziani da gavlena sazogadoebaze;

d) konfidencialuroba _ ganridebisa da mediaciis pro cesSi miRebuli nebismieri informacia konfidencialuria da dauSvebe­lia misi gamJRavneba, Tu mxareebi sxvagvarad ar SeTanxmdnen, an Tu kanonmdeblobiT sxva wesi ar aris gansazRvruli;

e) stigmatizaciis dauSvebloba _ Sefardebuli RonisZie ba ar unda iwvevdes arasrulwlovnis stigmatizacias, mis mowyve­tas normaluri saswavlo procesebisagan da ar unda axdendes gansakuTrebul zegavlenas misi cxovrebis Cveul ritmze;

v) arasrulwlovnis WeSmariti interesis gaTvaliswineba _ prokuroris gadawyvetileba unda efuZnebodes arasrulw­lovanis interess.

sssk­is 105­e muxlis me­6 nawili prokurors aniWebs ufle­bamosilebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arasrulwlovani araje rovnad asrulebs masTan gaformebuli ganridebis an mediaciis, Sesaxeb xelSekrulebiT dakisrebul valdebulebas, dasabuTe buli dad­genilebiT gaauqmos gadawyvetileba sisxlissamarT lebrivi dev­nis ardawyebis an ukve dawyebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da axali dasabuTebuli dadgenilebiT daiwyos an ganaaxlos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.

ganrideba srulwlovnis mimarT prokurors SeuZlia, ar daiwyos an Sewyvitos sisxlis

samarTlebrivi devna piris mimarT naklebad mZime an mZime dana­Saulis Cadenis faqtze. amisTvis ki ganridebis subieqtma erTi an ramdenime piroba unda Seasrulos. kerZod, ukanonod mop­ovebuli qonebis saxelmwifosTvis gadacema an am qonebis Ri­rebulebis anazRaureba; danaSaulis iaraRis an/da samoqa laqo brunvidan amoRebuli obieqtis saxelmwifosTvis ga dacema; misi qmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis sruli an nawilobriv anaz­

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Raureba; saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod fuladi Tanxis gadaxda, romlis minimaluri odenobaa 500 lari; sazogadoe­bisTvis sasargeblo Sromis usasyidlod sa muSaos Sesruleba 40­dan 400 saaTamde.

ganrideba ar Seexeba im pirebs, romlebsac sisxlis samar­Tlis pasuxismgebloba dakisrebuli aqvs Semdegi danaSaulebi­sTvis: adamianiT vaWroba, arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba, adamia nis vaWrobis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba, mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba, wameba, wamebis muqara, damamcirebeli an araa damianuri mopyroba da a.S.

im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu ganridebis subieqti ar Seasrulebs ganridebis pirobebs, prokurors ufleba aqvs, daiwyos an ga­naaxlos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.

ganridebis SeTavazeba ganridebis subieqtisTvis xdeba weri­lobiTi formiT, sadac mocemulia ganridebis pirobebi, maTi Sesrulebis dro, adgili da saSualeba.

aseve ganridebis subieqts werilobiT ganemarteba, rom gan­ridebis pirobebis Sesruleba aris nebayoflobiTi da igi sarge­blobs braldebulis yvela uflebiT.

ganridebis gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, prokurori kon­sultacias gadis dazaralebulTan, Tu aseTi arsebobs.

ganrideba, rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba winasasamarTlo sx domis gamarTvamde. ganrideba SeiZleba agreTve gamoyenebul iqnes wina­sasamarTlo sxdomis Semdeg, Tu mxareebi ganridebis gamoyenebis mizniT sasamarTlos mimarTaven SuamdgomlobiT saqmis proku­rorisaTvis dabrunebis Taobaze. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uflebamosilia saqme daubrunos prokurors, ro melic bralde­buls SesTavazebs ganridebas.

ganrideba ar gamoiyeneba im braldebulis mimarT, romelsac aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT Sefardebuli aqvs patimroba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTod qarTul sisxlis samarTlis sap­roceso samarTalSi `ganrideba~ axali principia. saqa rTveloSi amoqmedebuli ganridebis institutis safuZveli holandiuri modelia da is sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis, pasuxismgeblobis alternatiuli formaa.

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rogorc ukve aRvniSne, 2010 wels ganrideba Semovida aras­rulwlovnebisTvis, xolo 2011 wlis ivnisis cvle lebebiT ganridebis gamoyeneba ukve srulwlovan pirebTan mimarTebiTac gaxda SesaZlebeli. Tumca kanonmdebelma bolo SemTxvevaSi gan­sxvavebuli midgoma airCia, kerZod, arasrul wlovnebTan dakav­SirebiT `ganridebis~ principi moqmedebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki danaSauli Cadenilia pirve lad da aseve im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki danaSauli naklebad mZime kategoriisaa. prokurori im arasrluwlovanTan, romelmac pirvelad Caidina danaSauli, debs xelSekrulebas ganridebasTan dakavSirebiT, es xelSekruleba aseve moicavs ramdenime pirobas. magaliTad, arasrulwlov­nis mier miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas, mis Cabmas sportul cxovrebaSi Tu misi reso cializaciis sxva RonisZiebebs.

srulwlovani pirebis SemTxvevaSi es principi sakmaod gan­sxvavdeba. kerZod,

sssk­is 1681­e muxlSi ar aris miTiTeba imasTan dakav­SirebiT, rom ganridebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iqneba mx olod danaSaulis pirvelad Cadenis SemTxvevaSi. anu, es imas niSnavs, rom Tanaxmad, ganridebas SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros nasamarTlevi piric, Tu am pirma Caidina naklebad mZime an mZime danaSauli.

arasrulwlovanebTan dakavSirebiT ganridebis gamoyeneba am or SemTxvevaSi ar xdeba.

advokatis roli ganridebis procesSi. rogorc cnobilia, rodesac saqme exeba arasrulwlov nis

dacvas, advokatis monawileoba garantirebulia, radganac aras­rulwlovani eqvemdebareba savaldebulo dacvas. Sesabam isad, advokatis CarTuloba wesiT Uuzrunvelyofili unda iyos gan­ridebis procesSi.

rac Seexeba srulwlovan pirebs, advokatis monawileoba savaldebulod ar aris gansazRvruli.

gadawyvetilebas Rebulos prokurori da swored igia Sua­mavali damnaSavesa da saxelmwifos Soris.

marTalia, rom ganridebis subieqti sargeblobs bralde­bulis yvela uflebiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom mas aqvs advo katis yolis ufleba. magram, advokatis yolis savaldebulo monaw­ileoba ufro meti garanti iqneboda ganridebis subi eqtis ufle­

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bebis dasacavad. ganridebis procesSi saboloo gadawyvetileba, ra Tqma unda, ganridebis subieqtma unda mi iRos, Tu romeli gza airCios, daTanxmdes Tu ara ganridebis pirobebs. Sesabam­isad, Zalian mniSvnelovania garemoebebis Se faseba da amitomac advokatis savaldebulo monawileoba sa surveli iqneboda, ro­gorc es aris uzrunvelyofili sapro ceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SemTxvevaSi.

ganridebis pirobebisssk­is 1681­e muxlSi gaTvaliswinebulia ganridebis ram­

denime piroba. es aris sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sro­mis ganxorcieleba, miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba da fuladi Tanxis gadaxda saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod. amasTan, am ukanasknelTan dakavSirebiT mxolod qveda zRvaria gansaz­Rvruli 500 laris odenobiT, Sesabamisad prokurors Sesa­Zlebloba eqneba, pirs nebismieri Tanxa mosTxovos.

garda amisa, gansxvavebulia ganridebis SeTavazebis wesi srulwlovan da arasrulwlovan pirebTan mimarTebiT. Ppirvel SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli winapirobaa, rom ganridebis subieqtma nebayoflobiT Seasrulos sssk­is 1681­e muxlSi mocemuli pi­robebidan erT­erTi da am dros ar xdeba xelSek rulebis dadeba, xolo arasrulwlovani piris SemTxvevaSi garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas, prokurori sTavazobs mas, samoqalaqo xelSek­rulebis dadebas, romelic SesaZlebelia, iTvaliswinebdes aras­rulwlovani piris CarTvas sxvadasxava aqtivobebSi, magaliTad, rogoricia kompiuteris, ucxo enis Semswavleli kursebi da sxv.

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Tavi VI _ dakaveba

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, Zveli kod­eqsisgan gansxvavebiT, ramdenime mniSvnelovan siaxles Sei cavs. yvela es siaxle SeiZleba dakavebuli piris sasikeTod iqnes gamoyenebuli.

Tavisuflebis prezumfciis idea moqmedi kodeqsis me­5 muxlSi, saTauriT `udanaSaulobisa

da Tavisuflebis prezumfcia~, sisxlis samarTlis procesis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principis – udanaSaulobis prezum­fciis gverdiT `Tavisuflebis prezumfciis~ ideac aris for­mulirebuli. kerZod, xsenebuli me­5 muxlis me­4 nawilSi gancxadebulia:

`piri unda iyos Tavisufali, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu da­dasturda misi dapatimrebis aucilebloba.~

marTalia, citirebul normaSi naxsenebia sityva `dapatim­reba~,rac, cxadia, igive ar aris, rac `dakaveba~, aq sruliad Tavisuflad SegviZlia vigulisxmoT dakavebac. moqmedi sisx lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 170­e muxlis pirve li nawilis Tanaxmad, `dakaveba aris Tavisuflebis xanmokle aRkveTa.~ ma­Sasadame, dakaveba aris is, rac xelyofs Tavi suflebas, Tun­dac es xelyofa xanmokle vadiT xorcield ebodes. radgan igi xelyofs Tavisuflebas, maSasadame, Tavisu flebis prezumfciis cneba SegviZlia gavavrceloT dakavebis institutzec.

axla mivubrundeT sakuTriv Tavisuflebis prezumfciis ideas da vikiTxoT, Tu ratom aris esoden mniSvnelovani Ta­visuflebisaTvis prezumfciis statusis miniWeba.

bleqis iuridiuli leqsikonis Tanaxmad, `prezumfcia~ niS­navs kanonismier daSvebas an varauds, rom garkveuli faqti arsebobs, gamomdinare sxva faqtis an faqtebisagan, romle bic cnobilia an, romelTa arseboba damtkicebulia. iuridi uli pre­zumfciebis umravlesoba warmoadgens mtkicebule baTa samarTlis nawils da maT yovel mocemul SemTxvevaSi garkveul iuridiul Sedegamde mivyavarT, Tu mxare, romlis mimarTac prezumfcia

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uaryofiTad moqmedebs, ver SeZlebs sxva mtkicebulebebiT gaaqa­rwylos igi. prezumfcias mtkicebule baTa warmodgenis an dar­wmunebis tvirTi mowinaaRmdege mxa reze gadaaqvs, romlis amoca­naa, gaaqarwylos prezumfcia.~3

iuridiuli prezumfciebis yvelaze cnobili magaliTebiudanaSaulobis prezumfcia (sisxlis samarTlis sap roceso

kodeqsis me­5 muxlis pirveli, me­2 da me­3 nawile bi), romelic moiTxovs, rom:

a) piri udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar damtkicdeba sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyune­beli ganaCeniT;

b) aravin ar aris valdebuli, amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba; g) braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels; d) bralmdebels ufleba aqvs, uari Tqvas braldebaze; e) mtkicebulebis Se fasebis dros warmoSobili eWvi, ro­

melic ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) sasargeblod. moZravi nivTis sa­kuTrebis prezumfcia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158­e muxlis pirve­li nawili), romlis Tanaxmad, ivaraudeba, rom uZravi nivTis mflobeli aris misi mesakuTre. sajaro reestris monacemebis utyuarobisa da sis ruls prezumfcia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 312­e muxlis pirve li nawili), romlis Tanaxmad, reestris monace­mebis mimarT moqmedebs utyuarobisa da sisrulis prezumfcia, e.i. rees tris Canawerebi iTvleba sworad, vidre ar damtkicdeba maTi uzustoba.

zemoT dasaxelebuli magaliTebi aSkarad metyvelebs, Tu ra iuridiuli Sinaarsi Zevs terminSi `prezumfcia~ da risi tvir­Ti awevs mxares, romlis sawinaaRmdego faqtebis arse bobasac gulisxmobs prezumfcia. kerZod, faqti an faqte bi, romelTa arsebobac aris navaraudebi kanonismieri pr ezumfciis ZaliT, dadgenilad iqneba miCneuli manamde, sanam sawinaaRmdego ar damtkicdeba konkretuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze. adamiani

3 Black’s Law Dictionary, Seventh Edition, West Group, St. Paul, Minn., 1999, p. 1203

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CaiTvleba, rom aris udanaSaulo, sa nam ar damtkicdeba, Tanac gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Sesabamisad, rom man Caidina misTvis bralad wardgenili da naSauli. moZravi nivTis mflobe­li, anu piri, visac upyria xelT esa Tu is moZravi nivTi, CaiT­vleba, rom aris am nivTis mesakuTre, sanam konkretuli mtkice­bulebebis safuZvelze ar damtkicdeba, rom am nivTis mesakuTre sxva piria. sajaro reestris monacemebi, rom esa Tu is piri aris uZravi nivTis mesakuTre, CaiTvleba swored da srulad, sanam sasamarTlo, konkretuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze ar daaskvnis, rom reestris Canaweri arasworia an/da arasrulia, magaliTad, viRacis Secdomis an aramarTlzomieri moqmedebis an umoqm edobis Sedegad da sxva.

Tavisuflebis prezumfciis SemTxvevaSic, zemoT moyvanili magaliTebis msgavsad, piri kanonis mier aris miCneuli Tavi­suflad, rac niSnavs, rom igi unda iyos kidec Tavisufali, Tu misTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aucilebloba, Tundac xan mokle vadiT, ar iqneba damtkicebuli konkretuli mtkiceb ulebebiT.

rogorc wesi, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebi ar aniWeben je­rovan mniSvnelobas sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeq sis me­5 muxlis me­4 nawilis debulebas. Sesabamisad, piris dakavebisas, isini kmayofildebian mxolod braldebis mxaris varaudebiT, rom saWiro iyo mocemuli pirisaTvis Tavisu flebis xanmokle aRkveTa. sasamarTloebi adekvatur samarTlebriv Sefasebas ar aZleven im faqts, rom xSirad bral debis mxaris warmomadgen­lebi ar an ver awvdian sasamarTlos saTanado mtkicebulebebs, romelTa ZaliTac iuridiulad SeiZleba gamarTlebuli gaxdes piris dakaveba, anu misTvis Tavisuflebis xanmokle aRkveTa.

braldebulis statusi piris dakavebisTanavemoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 170­ e mux­

lis me­2 nawili Seicavs erT mniSvnelovan siaxles, romelsac uwindeli kodeqsi ar icnobda. kerZod, aRniSnuli normis Tanax­mad: a) piri dakavebulad iTvleba mimosvlis Tavisuflebis Sez­Rudvis momentidan; b) dakavebis momentidan piri iTvleba bral­debulad.

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riT aris sayuradRebo es siaxle? Zveli sisxlis samarT­lis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, piri dakavebulad iTvle boda im momentidan, rodesac kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevaSi da safuZvelze dakavebisaTvis sagangebod uflebamosili piris mier xdeboda saqarTvelos konstituciis me­18 muxliT garantire­buli Tavisuflebis SezRudva policiis daweseb ulebaSi an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi miyvanis mizniT (141­e muxlis me­2 nawili). am normis dispoziciis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZleboda ar CaTvliliyo dakavebulad, Tu, magaliTad, mas realurad Seuz­Rudavdnen mimosvlis Tavisuflebas, magram amas policiis dawe­sebulebaSi an sxva samarTaldam cav organoSi gadayvanis mizniT ar gaakeTdebdnen. magaliTad, rogori iqneboda im piris statusi, romelic ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi romeliRac saTavsSi daay­ovnes, gareT ar uSvebdnen, magram arc policiis ganyofilebaSi gadahyavdaT? Zveli kodeqsis 141­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanax­mad, aseTi piri SeiZleboda dakavebulad ar miCneuliyo, radgan misi dayovnebis mizani ar iqneboda iseTi, romelsac aRniSnuli muxli iTvaliswinebda. amave dros, dayovnebuli pirisTvis didi mniSvneloba SeiZleba sulac ar hqonoda, Tu sad daa kavebdnen. mTavari misTvis, SesaZloa, is yofiliyo, rom is daayovnes da ar aZlevdnen saSualebas Tavisi survilisamebr gadaadgilebuliyo. vfiqrobT, rom moqmedi kodeqsis 170­e muxlis me­2 nawilis pirveli winadadebiT aseTi kazusis SesaZlebloba aRmoifxvra: sad da ra mizniT daakaveben pirs, amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs. sak­marisia, mas SeezRudos mimos vlis Tavisufleba, igi avtomatu­rad dakavebulad iTvleba, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ras fiqrobs amis Sesaxeb piri, romel mac dakaveba ganaxorciela.

meore sakiTxia, Tu ra samarTlebrivi Sedegebi dgeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri dakavebul iqna. moqmedi kodeqsis 170­e muxlis me­2 nawilis meore winadadebis Tanaxmad, piri daka­vebisTanave, anu misi mimosvlis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisTa nave, braldebulad iTvleba, aqedan gamomdinare, yvela Sede giT. sxva sityvebiT, piri dakavebisTanave sargeblobs yvela im uflebiT, romelic gaaCnia braldebuls.

braldebulis uflebebi, ZirTadad, formulirebulia mo­

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qmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 38­e da 39­e muxlebSi, agreTve kodeqsis V Tavis sxva muxlebSic. am ufle­baTagan yvelaze mniSvnelovani uflebebia:

− braldebuls misTvis gasageb enaze unda ecnobos, saqa­rTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswineb­uli romeli danaSaulis CadenaSi arsebobs mis mimarT dasabuTe buli varaudi;

− braldebuls unda ecnobos, rom mas aqvs ufleba ad­vokatze, dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Ta­vis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli; dumilis uflebis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad;

− braldebuls ufleba aqvs damoukideblad an advoka tis meSveobiT Caataros gamoZieba, kanonierad moipovos da waradginos mtkicebuleba; moiTxovos sagamoZiebo moq­medebis Catareba da gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba, romelic saWiroa braldebis uarsayofad an pasuxismgeblobis Ses­amsubuqeblad;

− braldebuls ufleba aqvs, dakiTxvis da sxva saga moZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis dros isargeblos Tarjimnis mom­saxurebiT saxelmwifos xarjze;

− braldebuls ufleba aqvs, dakavebisTanave an dapatim rebis SemTxvevaSi moiTxovos ufaso samedicino Semowmeba da miiRos Sesabamisi werilobiTi daskvna;

− braldebuls ufleba aqvs, dakavebisTanave an dapatim­rebis SemTxvevaSi Tavisi ojaxis wevrs an axlo naTesavs Seatyobinos dakavebis an dapatimrebis faqti da adgilsa­myofeli;

− braldebuls ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblis moq medeba prokurorTan, prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba

– zemdgom prokurorTan, xolo am kodeqsiT gaTval­iswinebul SemTxvevebSi – sasamarTloSi;

− braldebuls ufleba aqvs, sakuTari xarjiT, TviTon an/da advokatis daxmarebiT moipovos mtkicebuleba; Tu mt­kicebulebis mopovebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi sagamoZiebo

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an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catareba, romelsac bral­debuli an misi advokati damoukideblad ver atarebs, igi uflebamosil ia Sesabamisi ganCinebis gamotanis Sua­mdgomlobiT mimarTos mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT, da sxva.

yvela zemoT CamoTvlili da sxva uflebiT, romelsac moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba bral debulisaTvis iTvaliswinebs, pirs SeuZlia isargeblos im momentidan, rode­sac mas faqtobrivad SeuzRudes mimosvlis Tavisufleba.

samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebs SesaZloa hqondeT mcdeloba, rom maT mier piris dakavebas daarqvan `piris gamokiTxva~, ̀ mowmis dakiTxva~ da a.S. magram gamokiTx vas moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, nebayofilo­biTi xasiaTi aqvs (113­e muxlis pirveli nawili), xolo mowmis dakiTxva gamoZiebis dros mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSia Ses­aZlebeli (114­e muxli). yvela sxva SemTx vevaSi mowme is piria, romelic sasamarTlos da, mxolod mas, aZlevs Cvenebas (me­3 muxlis 24­e nawili). amasTanave, gamoZiebis dros mowmis dakiTx­vis is wesebi, romlebsac Zve li sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebda, 2015 wlis 31 dekembridan sabolood dakargavs Zalas (332­e muxli).

dakavebis safuZvelimoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis kidev erTi

siaxle is aris, rom, rogorc ZiriTadi wesi, piris dakaveba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze. ganCineba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes sasamarTlos mier gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT, prokuroris Suamdgom lobiT, zepiri mosmenis gareSe. es ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba. dakavebis Sesaxeb sasamarT­los ganCineba unda efuZnebodes dasabuTebul varauds, rom:

a) pirma Caidina danaSauli, romlisTvisac kanoniT sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa;

b) piri miimaleba an ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, gaanadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan informacias, an Caidens axal danaSauls.

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dakavebisTvis aucilebelia, rom erTdroulad arsebobdes `a~ punqtis piroba da `b~ punqtis romelime erTi an meti pi­roba. sxva SemTxvevaSi dakaveba ukanono iqneba. magaliTad, Tu pirma Caidina danaSauli, romlisTvisac kanoniT sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris Tavisuflebis aRkveTa (mag aliTad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 130­e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli), Tundac arsebobdes dasabuTeb­uli varaudi, rom es piri miimaleba an ar gamocxad deba sa­samarTloSi, gaanadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan in formacias, an Caidens axal danaSauls, misi dakavebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotana ar SeiZleba. meore, mxriv, Tundac arse bobdes das­abuTebuli varaudi, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli, romlisTvi­sac kanoniT sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa (magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeq sis 108­e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli), magram ar arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom es piri miimaleba, ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, gaanadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniS vnelovan informacias, an Caidens axal danaSauls, aseT SemTx vevaSic misi dakavebis Sesaxeb gan­Cinebis gamotana ar SeiZleba (amis Taobaze ufro mets visau­brebT aRkveTis RonisZiebebis nawilSi).

dasabuTebuli varaudiarsebiTi sakiTxia, Tu ras niSnavs `dasabuTebuli varau­

di~. am cnebis definicias gvaZlevs moqmedi sisxlis samarT lis saproceso kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­11 nawili, romlis Tanax­mad, `dasabuTebuli varaudi~ niSnavs `faqtebis an infor maciis erTobliobas, romelic mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa erTobliobiT daakmayofilebda obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskvna piris mier danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena, am kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebisT­vis an/da aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisTvis gaT valiswinebuli mtkicebulebiTi standarti.~

maSasadame, `dasabuTebuli varaudi~ aris mtkicebulebi­Ti standarti, romelic gamoiyeneba Semdegi sami mizniT sa samarTlo gadawyvetilebis misaRebad:

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1) piris dakavebis an/da misTvis braldebis wardgenis drois­aTvis arsebobs Tu ara faqtebis an informaciis erTo blioba, romelic afiqrebinebs obieqtur pirs, rom mocemulma pirma SesaZloa Caidina danaSauli;

2) arsebobs Tu ara faqtebis an informaciis erToblio ba, romelic obieqtur pirs afiqrebinebs, rom piris mimarT aucile­belia garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis (magaliTad, Cxrekis da amoRebis) Catareba;

3) arsebobs Tu ara faqtebis an informaciis erToblio ba, romelic obieqtur pirs afiqrebinebs, rom piris mimarT aucile­belia aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyeneba.

dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti adamianis uflebaTa ev­ropuli konvenciidan gadmoRebuli standartia. evropuli kon­venciis me­5 muxlis (`Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba~) pirveli punqtis `g~ qvepunqtSi naTqvamia:

`1. yvelas aqvs Tavisuflebisa da piradi usafrTxoebis ufleba. aravis SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavisufleba, Tu ara ka­noniT dadgenili proceduris Sesabamisad da garda Semdegi Sem­Txvevebisa:

(...) (g) piris kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba, uflebamosili

samarTlebrivi organos winaSe mis warsadgenad, rodesac ar­sebobs am piris mier samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis safuZvliani eWvi, an safuZvlianad aris miCneuli piris mier samarTaldar­Rvevis Cadenis Tu misi Cadenis Semdeg mimalvis aRkveTis aucile­bloba...

swored evropuli konvenciis citirebul normaSi miTiTe­buli `safuZvliani eWvis~ (ing. `reasonable suspicion~) qarTu­li variantia ̀ dasabuTebuli varaudi~. mciredi terminologiuri sxvaoba ar cvlis am ori terminis Sinaarsobriv identurobas.

safuZvlian eWvTan dakavSirebiT adamianis uflebaTa evro­pul sasamarTlos ganmartebuli aqvs Semdegi:

`safuZvlianoba eWvisa, romelsac unda efuZnebodes dapatim­reba, me­5 muxlis pirveli punqtis `c~ qvepunqtiT uzrunve­lyofili, TviTneburi dakavebisa da dapatimrebis wi naaRmdeg

143

mimarTuli garantiebis erT­erT Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. safuZvliani eWvi gulisxmobs faqtebisa an in formaciis arsebo­bas, romlebic daarwmunebs obieqtur dam kvirvebels, rom moce­mulma pirma SesaZloa Caidina danaSau li. Tumca, Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos `safuZvlianad~, saqmis garemoebaTa erTobliobazea damokidebuli.~

4

safuZvliani eWvi an dasabuTebuli varaudi Cveulebrivi eWvisgan an Cveulebrivi varaudisgan swored imiT gansxvavde­ba, rom igi safuZvliani an dasabuTebuli unda iyos. safuZ­vlianoba da dasabuTebuloba moiTxovs garkveuli faqtebisa an informaciis arsebobas, rom pirma SesaZloa Caidina danaSauli. amgvari faqtebisa da informaciis uqonlobis SemTx vevaSi eWvi an varaudi ar iqneba safuZvliani an dasabuTebuli. xSirad xdeba xolme, rom saqarTvelos sasamarTloebi piris dakavebis kanon­ierebis Semowmebisas da aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT dapatimrebis gamoyenebisas miuTiTeben, rom arsebobs `dasabuTebuli varaudi~, maSin, rodesac isini ar miuTiTe ben konkretul faqtebze an informaciaze, romlebiTac unda dasabuTdes amgvari varaudis arseboba. cxadia, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi varaudi mxolod Cveu­lebrivi varaudia da ara das abuTebuli.

zemoT citirebul foqsis, qembelisa da harTlis saqmeSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo axdens erTi bri­taneli mosamarTlis mosazrebas, Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes safuZvliani eWvi da riTi SeiZleba igi ganvasxvaoT Cveu lebrivi eWvisagan. am mosamarTlis azriT, gansxvaveba subieq tur da obi­eqtur midgomebSia:

`mxolod iurists an kanonmdebels SeuZlia ieWvos (an safuZvlianad ieWvos?) gansxvaveba. magram aseTi gansxvaveba ar­sebobs, radgan, rogorc mosamarTleebi amboben, romlebsac me veTanxmebi, parlaments, radgan igi am or frazas iyenebs, aseTi ganzraxva unda hqonoda (Cveulebrivi eWvis) testi subieqturi xasiaTisaa: hqonda Tu ara eWvi damkavebel pirs? Tu misi eWvi

4 Fox, Campbell and Hartley v. The United Kingdom, Application no. 12244/86; 12245/86; 12383/86, Judgment of 30 August 1990, §32

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keTilsindisieri da namdvili eWvia, rom daka vebuli piri ter­oristia, sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia Seamow mos Zalis gamoyenebis kanoniereba. magram, rodesac arsebobs moTxovna, rom eWvi safuZ­vliani unda iyos, am eWvis safuZv lianobis Sefasebis ufle­bamosileba sasamarTlos gaaCnia. es ukve obieqturi standartia. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Sefasos faqtebi, romlebic warmoSoben eWvs, raTa Seamowmos, sakmari sia Tu ara isini safuZvliani eWvis warmoSobisaTvis.~5

obieqturi piris cneba dasabuTebul varaudTan organul kavSirSia `obieqturi

piris~ cneba. rogorc imave citirebuli foqsis, qemfbelis da harTlis saqmidan irkveva, obieqturi piris cnebac qarTul sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi evropuli konvenciis sistemidan, evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTli dan iqna gadmoRebuli.

obieqturobis testi, romelzedac zemoT iyo saubari, mx­olod obieqtur pirs SeuZlia Caabaros. obieqturoba niS navs iseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas, romelsac analogiur viTarebaSi miiRebda nebismieri gonieri da miukerZoebeli ada miani. amasTa­nave, obieqturoba niSnavs SesaZleblobas imisa, rom miRebuli gadawyvetileba garkveul Sefasebas da analizs daeqvemdebaros.

sayuradReboa, rom moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproce­so kodeqsSi, rodesac saqme exeba mosamarTlis mier sisxlis samarTlis nebismier etapze gadawyvetilebis miRebas, aRar aris miTiTeba mosamarTlis `Sinagan rwmenaze6~. sadavo ar unda iyos, rom `Sinagani rwmena~ individis wminda subieq turi mrwamsia, romelic SeuZlebelia daeqvemdebaros obieq tur gansjas, Sefase­

5 iqve, § 196 `Sinagani rwmena~ naxsenebia mxolod erTxel, 234­e muxlis pirveli

nawilSi, romelic nafic da saTadarigo msajulTa mier ficis dadebas exeba: ufrosi msajulis daniSvnis (arCevis) Semdeg msajulebi deben fics. ficis teqsts kiTxulobs sxdomis Tavmjdomare: „vficav, patiosnad da miukerZoeblad aRvasrulo nafici msajulis movaleoba, gaviTvaliswino yvela kanonieri mtkicebuleba, gadawyvetileba miviRo Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze, rogorc Seef ereba samarTlian adamians!~

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bas an/da kritikas. rodesac mosamarTles SeuZlia Tqvas, rom esa Tu is gadawyvetileba man sakuTari ̀ Sinagani rwmenis~ safuZ­velze gamoitana, mas eqmneba sruli imuniteti obieqturi re­alobis mimarT. mas SeuZlia Tqvas: `me ase mwams da sxva araferi mainteresebs~, Tundac misi amgvari mrwamsi srul winaaRmde­gobaSi iyos obieqtur faqtebTan. am denad, kodeqsidan `Sinagani rwmenis~ cnebis gaqroba da `obi eqturi piris~ cnebis Semotana mniSvnelovani win gadadgmuli nabijia subieqturi standartidan obieqtur testze gadasv lis kuTxiT.

dakaveba sasamarTlo ganCinebis gareSemoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 171­e muxlis

me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, piris dakaveba SesaZlebelia sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSec, Tu arsebobs qvemoT CamoTv lilTagan erTi an meti garemoeba:

a) pirs waaswres danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave; b) piri dainaxes danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas da mis mimarT

dauyovnebliv xorcieldeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna misi da­kavebis mizniT;

g) pirze, masTan an mis tansacmelze aRmoCnda Cadenili da­naSaulis aSkara kvali;

d) piri danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg miimala, magram Semd gom igi TviTmxilvelma amoicno;

e) piri SesaZloa miimalos; v) piri Zebnilia. garkveuli gansxvavebebiT, es igive pirobebia, romlebic Zveli

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, saerTod dakavebis safuZvlebs warmoadgenda. amjerad, es pirobebi mxolod maSin gamoiyeneba, rodesac piris dakaveba xdeba sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe.

dasabuTebuli varaudis arseboba aucilebelia im SemTx­vevaSic, rodesac piris dakaveba sasamarTlos ganCinebis gar eSe xdeba. amis Taobaze pirdapir miuTiTebs moqmedi sisxlis samar­Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 171­e muxlis me­3 nawili:

`piris dakaveba sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe nebadarTulia

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mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli da misi mimalvis, sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobis, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis ga­nadgurebisa Tu axali danaSaulis Cadenis safrTxe Tavidan ver iqneba acilebuli sxva, alternatiuli RonisZiebiT, romelic proporciulia savaraudod Cadenili danaSaulis garemoebebisa da braldebulis piradi monacemebisa.~

rogorc vxedavT, danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb dasabuTe bul varaudTan erTad, aseve unda arsebobdes dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom:

1) Tavidan ver iqneba acilebuli sxva, alternatiuli RonisZiebiT:

a) misi mimalvis; b) sasamarTloSi gamoucxade blobis; g) saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis ga nadgurebis; d) axali danaSaulis Cadenis safrTxe; 2) aseTi alternatiuli RonisZieba proporciulia sa­

varaudod Cadenili danaSaulis garemoebebisa da braldebu lis piradi monacemebisa.

Cveulebriv, dakavebis kanonierebis Semowmebisas, sasamarT­loebi TiToeuli am garemoebis Semowmebas ar axorcieleben. am­denad, dacvis valia miaqcios sasamarTlos yuradReba, Tu ramde­nad arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi TiToeuli aseTi garemoebis arsebobis Taobaze.

dakavebis uflebis mqone piri moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 172­e mux­

lis Tanaxmad, dakavebis ufleba aqvs gamoZiebis Catarebis ufle­bamosilebiT aRWurvili organos im TanamSromels, romelic:

a) asrulebs operatiul funqciebs; b) asrulebs sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis movaleobas; g) awarmoebs gamoZiebas; an d) axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas. Zveli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 143­e mux­

lisgan gansxvavebiT, piris dakavebis ufleba aRar gaaCnia `nebi­

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smier fizikur pirs~, Tundac arsebobdes am kodeqsiT gansaz­Rvruli dakavebis pirobebi.

aseTi cvlileba sruliad kanonzomieria moqmedi sisx lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 174­e muxlis pirveli nawilis­gan gamomdinare, romlis Tanaxmad, damkavebeli mox ele valdebu­lia dakavebuls gasagebi formiT Seatyobinos es, ganumartos, ra danaSaulis CadenaSia is braldebuli, da acnobos, rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da kiTx vebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli, da rom yvelaferi, rasac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarT loSi. cxadia, rom aseT valdebule­bebs rigiTi fizikuri piri ver Seasrulebs.

imuniteti dakavebisasmoqmedi kodeqsis 173­e muxlis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba da­

kavebul iqnen: − diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone piri da misi ojaxis

wevrebi; − saqarTvelos prezidenti; − saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri; − generaluri auditori;saqarTvelos saxalxo damcve­

li; − mosamarTle.

CamoTvlil pirTagan pirveli ori kategoriis pirebi – saqa­rTvelos prezidenti da diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone piri, agreTve misi ojaxis wevrebi sargebloben absoluturi imu­nitetiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom maTi dakaveba arc erT SemTx­vevaSi ar SeiZleba. diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis mimarT gamonaklisia is Sem­Txveva, rodesac diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirs misive warmgzavni saxelmwifo an saerTaSoriso organizacia uxsnis imunitets.

rac Seexeba danarCen pirebs, isini sargebloben SezRudu li an kvalificirebuli imunitetiT. kerZod, isini SeiZleba dakave­bul iqnen moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod eqsis 171­e

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muxlis me­2 nawilis „a~ qvepunqtiT gaTval iswinebul SemTx­vevebSi, anu, rodesac mas waaswres danaSaulis Cadenisas an Cad­enisTanave. Tumca, aqve mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli saqa­rTvelos konstituciiTa da kanonebiT dadgenili SezRudvebi.

kerZod, konstituciis 52­e muxlis me­2 punqtis Tanax mad, marTalia, parlamentis wevri SeiZleba dakavebul an dapatimre­bul iqnes danaSaulze waswrebis SemTxvevaSi, misi dakavebis an dapatimrebis faqti dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos parlaments. Tu parlamenti ar miscems Tanxmobas, parlamen tis dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli wevri dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.

msgavsi konstituciuri SezRudva aris dawesebuli saqa­rTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarisa da wevrebis (saqarTvelos konstituciis 90­e muxlis me­4 punqti), agreTve saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebisa da saqarTvelos sakon­stitucio sasamarTlos mosamarTleebis mimarTac, im gansxvave­biT, rom saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTlis dakavebaze an dapatimrebaze Tanxmoba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavm­jdomarem unda gasces (saqarTvelos konstituciis 87­e muxlis pirveli punqti), xolo saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT­los mosamarTlisaze – saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT­lom (saqarTvelos konstituciis 88­e muxlis me­5 punqti).

parlamentis Tanxmobaa saWiro aseve saqarTvelos sax alxo damcvelis (`saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb~ saqarT­velos organuli kanonis me­5 muxlis me­2 punqti) da saqarT­velos kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris (`saqa rTvelos kon­trolis palatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me­11 muxlis pirveli punqti) dakavebisa an dapatimrebisaTvis.

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi ratomRac ar iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos konstituciisa da kanonebis ze­moT aRweril SezRudvebs. Tumca, moqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­7 nawili aseT SezRudvebs iTvaliswinebs zemoT xsenebuli Tanamdebobis pirebisaTvis braldebis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi. kerZod, aRniSnuli normis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis, saqa rTvelos kontro­lis palatis Tavmjdomaris, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos

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wevris braldebisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTvelos parlamentis Tanxmoba. saqarTvelos sakonsti tucio sasamarTlos wevris braldebisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sa­samarTlos plenumis Tanxmoba. saqarTvelos sxva saerTo sa­samarTlos mosamarTlis bral debisaTvis aucilebelia saqarT­velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tanxmoba.

dakavebis wesimoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 174­e muxl­

Si detalurad aris aRwerili piris dakavebis wesi.

ganmartebebi dakavebis, braldebis arsisa da uflebebis Sesaxeb

moqmedi kodeqsis 174­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad, Tu arsebobs dakavebis safuZveli, damkavebeli moxele valdebu­lia:

− dakavebuls gasagebi formiT Seatyobinos, rom igi da­kavebulia;

− ganumartos, ra danaSaulis CadenaSia is braldebuli; − acnobos, rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da

kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli, da rom yvelaferi, ra­sac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoy­enebuli sasamarTloSi.

ganmartebis gareSe dakavebis iuridiuli Sedegi imave 174­e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo winadadebis

Tanaxmad, dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa is gancxadeba, romelic da­kavebulma zemoT, 1.7.1 punqtSi aRwerili ganmartebis miRe bamde gaakeTa.

Sesabamisad, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze dacvis mxaris va lia daayenos Suamdgomloba yvela im gancxadebis dauSvebel mtkice­bulebad cnobis Sesaxeb, romlebic aseT ganmartebamde gakeTda. ufro metic, nebismieri sxva mtkicebuleba, romelic SeiZleba mopovebul iqna aseT ganmartebebamde gakeTebuli gancxadebidan

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gamomdinare, aseve dauSvebel mtkicebulebad unda iqnes miCneuli moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 72­e muxlis pirveli nawilidan gamomdinare.

davuSvaT, magaliTad, rom piri dakavebul iqna da daka vebisas mas ar ganumartes, rom igi dakavebulia, an ar aux snes, Tu romeli danaSaulis CadenaSia igi braldebuli, anda ar uTxres, rom aqvs advokatis ufleba, dumilis ufleba da ufleba ar daibralos danaSauli. davuSvaT isic, rom am pirma ganacxada, rom man Caidina danaSauli, magaliTad, mkvleloba, miuTiTa da­naSaulis adgilze, aRwera danaSaulis garemoebebi da isic ga­nacxada, Tu sad aris damaluli danaSaulis iaraRi. aseT Sem­TxvevaSi dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba iqneba TiToeuli gancxadeba, romelic am pirma gaakeTa, maT Soris danaSaulis aRiareba, mis mier aRwerili danaSaulis adgili da garemoe bebi. ufro metic, dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba iqneba danaSau lis iaraRi, romelic am piris gancxadebebis Semdeg SesaZloa kanonis sruli dacviT iqna amoRebuli.

policiis ganyofilebaSi miyvanis valdebuleba moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 174­e mux­

lis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, damkavebelma moxelem dakave buli dauyovnebliv unda miiyvanos policiis uaxloes dawe sebulebaSi an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi.

piradi Cxreka moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 174­e mux­

lis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom dakavebuls aqvs iaraRi an/da apirebs Tavidan moiSoros, daazianos an gaanadguros mtkicebulebis mniSvn elobis mqone sa­gani, nivTiereba an informaciis Semcveli sxva obieqti, damka­vebel moxeles ufleba aqvs, Caataros piradi Cxreka am kodeqsis 121­e muxlis me­2 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb uli wesiT.

pirvel rigSi, unda Semowmdes, Tu ramdenad arsebobs das­abuTebuli varaudi (ix. zemoT punqti 1.3.1) imisa, rom da­kavebuls aqvs iaraRi an/da apirebs Tavidan moiSoros, daazia­

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nos an gaanadguros mtkicebulebis mniSvnelobis mqone sagani, nivTiereba an informaciis Semcveli sxva obieqti. dasabuTe buli varaudis arsebobisaTvis aucilebelia, rom arsebobdes Sesa­bamisi faqti an informacia.

garda amisa, unda gairkves, Tu ramdenad swored iqna dac­uli moqmedi kodeqsis 121­e muxlis me­2 nawiliT dad genili wesi. kerZod, aseT dros piradi Cxreka sasamarTlos ganCinebis da gamomZieblis dadgenilebis gareSe tardeba, rac aRiniSneba dakavebis oqmSi. magram, amave dros, piradi Cxrekis kanoniere­bas amowmebs sasamarTlo am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswineb uli wesiT. es ki niSnavs, rom piradi Cxrekis kanoniereba damokidebuli iqneba imaze, Tu ramdenad iqna daculi 112­e da 120­e muxlebis moTxovnebi.

janmrTelobis mdgomareobis dadgenis valdebuleba moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 174­e mux­

lis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebis adgilas miyvanisTa nave dakavebuli janmrTelobis zogadi mdgomareobis dasad genad, misi moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, unda Semowmdes eqimis mier da unda Sedges saTanado cnoba.

dakavebis vada moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 174­e mux­

lis me­5 nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebis vada ar unda aRe matebodes 72 saaTs. dakavebidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa daka vebuls unda gadaeces braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenileba. Tu am vadaSi dakave­buls dadgenileba ar gadaeca, igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisu­fldes.

imave muxlis me­6 nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebis vada iTv leba braldebulis patimrobis vadaSi.

dakavebis oqmi moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 175­e mux­

lis pirveli, me­2 da me­3 nawiliebi iTvaliswinebs daka vebis oqmis Sedgenis wess. es wesi Semdegia:

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`1. damkavebelma moxelem dakavebisTanave, dauyovnebliv unda Seadginos dakavebis oqmi. Tu dakavebis oqmis Sedgena dakavebi­sTanave obieqturi mizeziT (mizezebiT) SeuZlebelia, igi unda Sedges dakavebulis policiis dawesebulebaSi an sxva samarTal­damcav organoSi miyvanisTanave.

1. dakavebis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos: vin, sad, rodis, ra viTa­rebaSi, am kodeqsSi miTiTebul romel safuZvelzea da kavebuli, dakavebulis fizikuri mdgomareoba dakavebis mo mentSi, romeli danaSaulis CadenaSia igi braldebuli, misi policiis daweseb­ulebaSi an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi miyvanis zusti dro, am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli bral debulis uflebebisa da movaleobebis nusxa, agreTve Sesa bamis SemTxvevaSi is obieqturi mizezi (mizezebi), romlis (romelTa) arsebobis gamoc SeuZle­beli iyo dakavebis oqmis Sedgena dakavebisTanave.

2. dakavebis oqms xels aweren: Tanamdebobis piri, romel­mac piri daakava, dakavebuli da misi advokati (misi yof nis SemTxvevaSi). braldebulis policiis dawesebulebaSi an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi miyvanisTanave oqms xels awers poli­ciis an sxva samarTaldamcavi organos uflebamosili piri. da­kavebuls gadaecema dakavebis oqmis asli. Tu dakavebi sas Catarda piris piradi Cxreka, am sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Taobaze calke oqmi ar dgeba.~

dakavebis wesis darRvevis an oqmis Sedgenis wesis arse-biTi darRvevis iuridiuli Sedegi

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 175­e mux­lis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu dakavebisas pirs ar ganemarta am kodeqsis 174­e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi da ar gadae­ca dakavebis oqmi an Tu dakavebis oqmi Sedgenilia arse biTi dar­RveviT, romelic auaresebs piris samarTlebriv mdgomareobas, TavisuflebaSezRuduli piri dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.

garkveul kiTxvebs warmoSobs termini `dakavebis oqmis Sed­genis arsebiTi darRveva~. kerZod, gaugebaria, Tu ra CaiT vleba an ar CaiTvleba `arsebiT~ darRvevad. cxadia, rom es saqmis

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konkretul garemoebebsa da sasamarTlo praqtikazea damokide­buli.

dakavebulis gaTavisuflebis safuZveli da wesigaTavisuflebis safuZvlebi

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 176­e mux­lis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs imperatiul wess, romlis Tanaxmad, dakavebuli unda gaTavisufldes, Tu:

a) ar dadasturda eWvi, rom man Caidina danaSauli. dakavebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva normebisagan gansxvave­

biT, sadac gamoyenebulia termini `dasabuTebuli varaudi~, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia sityva `eWvi~. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna (ix. punqti 1.3.1), dasabuTebuli varaudi, ro­melic evropuli konvenciis terminis `safuZvliani eWvis~ qa­rTuli ekvivalentia, Cveulebrivi varaudisgan an eWvis gan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom igi faqtebs an informacias unda efuZnebodes. aRiniSna isic, rom Cveulebrivi varaudis an eW vis safuZvelze piri saerTod ar SeiZleba iqnes dakavebuli. amdenad, gaugebaria, ratom aris am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli ubralod eWvi. asea Tu ise, Tu piris dakavebis pirvelive saaTebSi gamoikveTa, rom ar dasturdeba eWvi mis mier dana Saulis SesaZlo Cadenis Sesaxeb, piri unda gaTavisufldes.

b) ar iqna miRebuli gadawyvetileba mis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 196­e muxlis pirve li nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa prokuro­ri gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT magistrat mosamarTles warud­gens Suamdgomlobas aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy enebis Sesaxeb.

kodeqsis 197­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, aRkve­Tis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis wardgeni dan ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa magistrati mosamarTle bral debulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis sxdomaze, sxva sakiTxebTan er­Tad, ixilavs aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgom­lobas (`v~ qvepunqti). kodeqsis 199­e mux lis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, aRkveTis RonisZiebis erT erTi saxeobaa patimroba.

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amdenad, Tu prokurorma aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patim­roba moiTxova da es Suamdgomloba magistratma mosamarTlem ar daakmayofila, dakavebuli piri unda gaTavisufldes.

dakavebuli piri aseve unda gaTavisufldes, Tu magis tratma mosamarTlem aRkveTis RonisZiebis romelime sxva saxe gamoiyena (magaliTad, girao, girao, arasrulwlovani bralde bulis meT­valyureobaSi gadacema, SeTanxmeba gausvlelobisa da saTanado qcevis Sesaxeb, piradi Tavdeboba da sxva).

igive unda moxdes, Tu magistratma mosamarTlem ki daak­mayofila prokuroris Suamdgomloba aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, magram magistrati mosamarTlis ganCineba, misi gamotanidan 48 saaTSi, bralde bulma gaasaCivra saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo ko legiaSi, Tanaxmad moq­medi kodeqsis 207­e muxlis pirveli nawilisa, da saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiam saCivari daakmayofila.

dabolos, igive unda moxdes, Tu aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis gamoyenebis Semdeg, romelime mxarem isarge bla mo­qmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 206­e muxlis me­8 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebiT, Suamdgom lobiT mimar­Ta magistrat mosamarTles braldebulis mimarT gamoyenebuli aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis an gauqmebis Ses axeb, da magis­tratma mosamarTlem es Suamdgomloba daakmayo fila.

g) gavida dakavebis am kodeqsiT dadgenili vada. moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 174­e muxlis me­5

nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebis vada ar unda aRematebodes 72 saaTs. es vada moicavs dakavebidan 48 saaTs, romlis ganma vlobaSic mo­qmedi kodeqsis 196­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, proku­rori gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT magistrat mosamarTles wa­rudgens Suamdgomlobas aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da, agreTve, momdevno 24 saaTs, rom lis ganmavlobaSic, moqmedi kodeqsis 197­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, magistrat­ma mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos dakavebulisaTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis sakiTxi.

dakavebidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa dakavebuls unda ga­daeces braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenileba. Tu am vadaSi dakave buls

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dadgenileba ar gadaeca, igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTa visufldes. d) ar iqna miRebuli uflebamosili saxelmwifo organos an

Tanamdebobis piris Tanxmoba dakavebaze. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba imunitetis mqone Tanamdebobis

pirebis dakavebisas saWiro Tanxmoba (ix. zemoT punqti 1.6). e) dakavebisas arsebiTad dairRva sisxlis samarTlis sap­

roceso kanoni. aqac, iseve, rogorc dakavebis oqmis Sedgenisas (ix. zemoT

punqti 1.9) da, agreTve, kodeqsis ramdenime sxva adgilas, Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos an ar CaiTvalos arsebiT darRvevad. bevri ram unda gadawyvitos sasamarTlo praqtikam.

magram, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, aSkaraa, rom `arsebiT dar­Rvevas~ adgili eqneba, magaliTad, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mo­qmedi kodeqsis 174­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, daka­vebuls gasagebi formiT ar Seatyobines, rom igi dakaveb ulia; ar ganumartes, Tu ra danaSaulis CadenaSia is bralde buli; ar acnobes, rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibra­los danaSauli, da rom yvelaferi, rasac igi ityvis, SesaZlebe­lia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTloSi (ix. zemoT 1.7.1 punqti).

v) sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebis misaRwevad da kaveba aRar aris aucilebeli.

moqmedi kodeqsis 171­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, sxva pirobebTan erTad, dakavebis safuZvelia dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom piri miimaleba an ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, gaanadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan informacias an Caidens axal danaSauls. Sesabamisad, Tu aRar arsebobs amgvari das­abuTebuli varaudi, Sesabamisad, aRar arsebobs mizanic, Tu ra­tom unda iyos piri dakavebuli.

vis mier unda gaTavisufldes dakavebuli piri? moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 176­e muxlis me­2

nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebuli Tavisufldeba prokuroris an mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebiT.

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magram imave muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, prokuroris an mosamarTlis gadawyvetileba saWiro ar aris da dakave buli Tavisufldeba pirdapir dakavebulTa yofnis adgilis ufrosis dadgenilebiT, Tu gavida dakavebis vada.

gaTavisuflebisas dakavebuls gadaecema gaTavisuflebis Ses­axeb gadawyvetilebis asli.

saxelmwifos valdebuleba aanazRauros zianiukanono dakavebisTvis

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 176­e muxlis me­5 nawilis Tanaxmad, imis miuxedavad, iqneba Tu ara dakavebuli msjavrdebuli, mas ukanono da dausabuTebeli dakavebis Sede gad miyenebuli ziani sruli moculobiT aunazRaurdeba sax elmwifo biujetidan samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. es ki niSnavs, rom Tundac piri msjavrdebuli iqnes, anu mas daumtkicdes da­naSaulis Cadena, saxelmwifo mainc valdebu lia aunazRauros mas ziani, Tu igi ukanonod iqna dakavebuli.

Setyobineba dakavebis, dapatimrebis an eqspertizisaTvis samedi­cino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis Sesaxeb

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 177­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, prokurori an misi davalebiT gamomZiebeli valdebulia piris dakavebidan, dapatimrebidan an eqspertizisaT­vis samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebidan ara ugvianes 3 saa­Tisa Seatyobinos es misi ojaxis romelime wevrs, xolo Tu aseTi ar arsebobs – romelime naTesavs an axlobels, dapatim­rebis an samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis SemTxvevaSi ki agreTve Seatyobinos samuSao an swav lis adgilas.

imave muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu dakavebuli, dapatim­rebuli an eqspertizisaTvis samedicino dawesebule baSi moTavse­buli piri ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqea, es am muxlis pirvel nawilSi aRniSnul vadaSi unda Seatyobinon saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros, romelic aRniSnu lis Taobaze dauyovnebliv acnobebs Sesabamisi saxelmwifos sakonsulos.

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Tavi VII _ piris braldebulad cnoba

piris braldebulad cnobis safuZveli moqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax­

mad, piris braldebulad cnobis safuZvelia gamoZiebis sta diaze Sekrebil im mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba, romlebic sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudisaTvis, rom am pirma danaSauli Caidina.

dasabuTebuli varaudis Sesaxeb detalurad visaubreT, 1.3.1 punqtSi. kerZod, moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeq­sis me­3 muxlis me­11 nawilis Tanaxmad, ̀ dasabuTebuli varaudi~ niSnavs `faqtebis an informaciis erTobliobas, ro melic mo­cemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa erTobliobiT daakmayofilebda obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskvna piris mier dana­Saulis SesaZlo Cadena, am kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebisTvis an/ da aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli mtkicebulebiTi standarti.~

maSasadame, rodesac ar arsebobs mtkicebulebaTa erTo blioba (erTi mtkicebuleba sakmarisi ar aris), rom pirma Caidina dana­Sauli, mas ar unda waredginos brali.

bralis wayenebis wesi moqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad,

bralis wayenebisaTvis sakmarisi safuZvlis arsebobisas proku­rori uflebamosilia gamoitanos dadgenileba piris braldebis Sesaxeb. dadgenilebis gamotanis Semdeg proku rori gansazRvravs bralis wayenebis drosa da adgils. brali wayenebul unda iqnes dadgenilebis gamotanidan ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa.

imave muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, braldebis Sesaxeb dad­genilebaSi unda aRiniSnos:

a) braldebulis saxeli da gvari, mamis saxeli, dabadebis ricxvi, Tve da weli, piradi nomeri;

b) braldebis formulireba – inkriminirebuli qmedebis aR­wera, misi Cadenis adgilis, drois, xerxis, saSualebis, iaraRis, agreTve am qmedebiT gamowveuli Sedegis miTiTebiT;

g) gamoZiebiT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi, romlebic sak­

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marisia dasabuTebuli varaudisaTvis, rom aRniSnuli dana­Sauli am pirma Caidina;

d) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis muxli, nawili da qvepunqti, romlebiTac gaTvaliswinebulia es da naSauli.

imave muxlis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, braldebis Ses axeb dad­genilebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes gadawyvetilebas piris braldebis Taobaze.

braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gacnoba braldebulis an misi advokatisaTvis

moqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­5 nawilis Tanaxmad, proku­rori an misi davalebiT gamomZiebeli braldebis Sesaxeb dadge­nilebas gaacnobs braldebulsa da mis advokats (Tu braldebu­lis interesebs advokati icavs), romlebic xel moweriT adas­tureben dadgenilebis gacnobisa da misi aslis miRebis faqts. dadgenilebis asli braldebulis uflebebisa da movaleobebis nusxiT gadaecema braldebuls an/da mis ad vokats. Tu bralde­buli an misi advokati uars ambobs dadge nilebis gacnobisa da misi aslis miRebis faqtis xelmoweriT dadasturebaze, dadge­nilebaze aRiniSneba xelmoweraze uaris Tqmis mizezi.

sagamoZiebo organoSi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebimoqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­6 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu

braldebuli Tavs aridebs sagamoZiebo organoSi gamocxadebas, mas an mis axlo naTesavs eZleva gonivruli vada advokatis asayvanad. Tu igi am vadaSi ar aiyvans advokats, braldebuls advokati daeniSneba savaldebulo wesiT. prokurori an misi davalebiT gamomZiebeli bralis wasayeneblad iZaxebs bralde­bulis advokats da gaacnobs braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenile bas, rac CaiTvleba bralis wayenebad. braldebulis advokati weri­lobiT adasturebs braldebis gacnobis faqts.

radgan „gonivruli vadis~ xangrZlivoba ucnobia, proku­rorebsa da gamomZieblebs SeuZliaT Taviseburad gadawyvi ton es sakiTxi. amitom braldebulis interesebSia an Tavad gamocxad­des, anda mis mier arCeuli advokati mainc miavli nos sagamoZie­

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bo organoSi, raTa ar misces am ukanasknelis warmomadgenlebs SesaZlebloba, praqtikulad dauyovneblad dauniSnon advokati savaldebulo wesiT.

imuniteti bralis wayenebisas moqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­7 nawilis Tanaxmad, saqa­

rTvelos parlamentis wevris, saqarTvelos saxalxo dam cvelis, saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevris braldebisaTvis aucilebelia saqa­rTvelos parlamentis Tanxmoba. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris braldebisaTvis aucile belia saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenumis Tanxmoba. saqarTvelos sxva saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarT lis braldebisaTvis aucile­belia saqarTvelos uzenaesi sa samarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tanx­moba.

imunitetis Taobaze detalurad aris saubari zemoT 1.6 punqtSi.

braldebulad yofnis vadamoqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­8 nawilis Tanaxmad, da­

naSaulis erTi SemTxvevis gamo winasasamarTlo sxdomis daw­yebamde piri braldebulad SeiZleba cnobili iyos ara umetes 9 Tvisa, Tu am vadis gasvlamde misTvis danaSaulis sxva SemTxve­vis gamo ar wauyenebiaT axali brali. aseTi bralis wayenebisas aRniSnuli vadis dineba wydeba da vada aiTvleba axali bralis wayenebis dRidan. aRniSnuli vadis gasvlisTa nave wydeba sisxlis­samarTlebrivi devna piris mimarT. Tu piris mimarT Sewyda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul Sem­TxvevaSi, dauSvebelia momavalSi misTvis imave bralis wayeneba.

am debulebaSi erTi ram aris gaugebari da araswori – ra­tom iwyeba axali bralis wayenebis Semdeg 9­Tviani vadis dineba xelaxla pirveli bralisTvis? ase pirveli bralis vadis dena dausruleblad SeiZleba gagrZeldes, Tu bral debuls axal­ax­al brals warudgenen xolme. samarTliani iqneboda, rom pirvel bralTan dakavSirebiT sisxlissamarT lebrivi devna Sewyvetili­

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yo 9­Tviani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, Tumca, vadis dena, Cveulebriv, dawyebuliyo Tavidan axal bralTan dakavSirebiT.

davuSvaT, magaliTad, rom pirs wauyenes braldeba qur­dobaSi, xolo oTxi Tvis Semdeg – janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebaSi. kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­8 nawilis norma SeiZleba ise gavigoT, rom qurdobis bralTan dakavSirebiT pirs SeiZleba braldebulis statusi hqondes mTeli 13 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. ufro metic, Tu amasobaSi mas mesame bralsac warudgenen, es periodi SeiZleba kidev ufro gaxangrZlivdes, rac qurdobis bralTan dakavSirebiT gaumarTlebeli iqne boda. swori iqneboda, Tu qurdobis bralis nawilSi 9 Tvis ganmavlobaSi piri waredg­ineboda sasamarTlos da mis mimarT gamotanili iqneboda gama­marTlebeli an gamamtyunebeli gana Ceni, xolo winaaRmdeg Sem­TxvevaSi mis mimarT sisxlissamar­Tlebrivi devna Sewyvetiliyo.

saCivari sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisSegnebulad gaWianurebis Taobaze

moqmedi kodeqsis 169­e muxlis me­8 nawilis Tanaxmad, pirs ufleba aqvs, braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gadacemi dan 10 dRis vadaSi, am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT Seita nos sisxlis­samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis Segnebulad gaWi anurebis Taobaze saCivari zemdgom prokurorTan an gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, ro melic saCivars ixilavs misi Sesvlidan 3 dRe­Ramis vadaSi. sa samarTlo uflebamosilia saCivari ganixilos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. saCivris dakmayo­fileba aris am piris mimarT aRniS nul braldebasTan dakav­SirebiT arsebuli yvela im mtkice bulebis dauSveblad cnobis safuZveli, romelic mopovebul iqna gamoZiebis dros, mas Sem­deg, rac Seiqmna piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis sakmarisi safuZveli. am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul Sem­TxvevaSi sasamarTlos ganCineba SeiZleba am kodeqsis 207­e mux­liT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT gasaCivrdes Sesabamisi saapelacio sasamarTlos saga moZiebo kolegiaSi.

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Tavi VIII _ aRkveTis RonisZiebis problemuri sakiTxebi

aRkveTis RonisZieba, gansakuTrebiT sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZieba, kvlav rCeba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mar­Tlm­sajulebis erT­erT mTavar problemad. marTalia, saqa rTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos oficialuri statistikis Tanaxmad, 2011 wels, 2010 welTan SedarebiT, gaizarda arasa patimro aRkveTis RonisZiebebis – ZiriTadad, giraos – xve driTi wili sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZiebebTan SedarebiT da Seadgina 50.7%7, magram es ar aris sakmarisi, radgan problema is aris, rom yvelaferi kvlav prokuroris Suamdgomlobazea damokidebuli. Tu proku­rori moiTxovs sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZiebas, sasamarTloebi am Suamdgomlobas upiratesad ak mayofileben xolme. 2010 wels prokurorebis mier sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze wardgenili Suamd gomlobidan 8,109 dakmayofilebul iqna, rac saerTo raode nobis 92.2%­s Seadgens, da mxolod 652 (7.4%) SemTxvevaSi ar iqna aseTi Suamdgomlobebi dakmayofile­buli.

amdenad, erTia, rom izrdeba arasapatimro aRkveTis RonisZie­bebis xvedriTi wili, rac TavisTavad Zalian kargia, magram meorea, rom unda gaizardos im saqmeebis xvedriTi wilic, rom­lebSic sasamarTloebi ar akmayofileben prokuro rebis Suamd­gomlobebs sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy enebis Taobaze. am mxriv, raime mniSvnelovani progresi jer jerobiT ar SeiniS­neba.

braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis sxdoma rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva (ix. punqti 1.10.1.b), moqmedi

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 196­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, piris dakavebidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa proku rori gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT magistrat mosamarTles warudgens Suamdgomlobas aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

7 http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/7-arkv11.pdf

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kodeqsis 197­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, aRkve­Tis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis wardgeni dan ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa magistrati mosamarTle bral debulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis sxdomaze, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, ixilavs aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamd­gomlobas (`v~ qvepunqti).

Tavisuflebis prezumfcia rogorc ukve iTqva (ix. punqti 1.1), moqmedi kodeqsis me­5

muxli, udanaSaulobis prezumfciasTan erTad, ganamtkicebs `Ta­visuflebis prezumfciasac~:

`piri unda iyos Tavisufali, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu da­dasturda misi dapatimrebis aucilebloba.~

iTqva isic, rom Tavisuflebis prezumfciis ideis Tanax mad, piri kanonis mier aris miCneuli Tavisuflad, rac niS navs, rom igi unda iyos kidec Tavisufali, Tu misTvis Tavi suflebis aRkveTis aucilebloba, Tundac xanmokle vadiT, ar iqneba damt­kicebuli konkretuli mtkicebulebebiT.

aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis miznebi da safuZvelimiznebi

moqmedi kodeqsis 198­e muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoT vlilia aRkveTis RonisZiebis miznebi. aRkveTis RonisZieba gamoiyeneba im mizniT, rom:

− braldebulma Tavi ar aaridos sasamarTloSi ga mocxadebas; − aRikveTos misi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba; − uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganaCenis aRsruleba.

Zalian mniSvnelovan daTqmas Seicavs am nawilis meore winadadeba: `braldebuls patimroba an sxva aRkveTis RonisZie­ba ar SeiZleba Seefardos, Tu am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis miRweva SesaZlebelia sxva, naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT.~

rogorc wesi, sasamarTloebi Tavs arideben swored am pi­robis Sesrulebas. isini, Cveulebriv, afiqsireben xolme, rom

163

saxezea 198­e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gansazRvruli rome­lime erTi an meti mizani, magram TiTqmis arasdros msjelo ben imis Taobaze, Tu mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi ratom ar SeiZleba imave deklarirebuli miznis an miznebis miRweva sxva, naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT. Sesa bamisad, dacvis amocanac swored is aris, rom amis Taobaze mkafiod moaxsenos sasamarTlos.

safuZveli moqmedi kodeqsis 198­e muxlis meore nawilSi dadgenilia

aRkveTis RonisZiebis safuZveli. kerZod, aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis safuZvelia dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom bralde buli:

− miimaleba an ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi; − gaanadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan informacias; an − Caidens axal danaSauls. rogorc vxedavT, 198­e muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebu li

miznebi da me­2 nawilSi CamoTvlili safuZvlebi TiTqmis emTx­veva erTmaneTs. sainteresoa, Tu ra gansxvavebaa am ors Soris. radgan kanoni amis Taobaze arafers gveubneba, unda vivaraudoT, rom mizania is, rasac kanoni saerTod aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis gamarTlebad miiCnevs, xolo safuZve lia is, risi arsebobis an ararsebobis sakiTxic unda gairkves yovel cal­ke aRebul SemTxvevaSi. kerZod, yovel mocemul saqmeze unda gairkves, Tu ramdenad arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi (amis Taobaze dawvrilebiT ix. zemoT 1.3.1 punqti), rom magistrat mosamarTles mieces SesaZlebloba daskvnisaT vis, rom bralde­buli namdvilad ganaxorcielebs 198­e mux lis me­2 nawiliT gansazRvrul romelime erT an met qmedebas.

rogorc wesi, sasamarTloebi am mxrivac scodaven xolme. kerZod, isini ubralod acxadeben xolme, rom arsebobs dasab­uTebuli varaudi, rom braldebuli miimaleba an ar gamocxad­deba sasamarTloSi, gaanadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan in­formacias an Caidens axal danaSauls. amasTan, isini ar miuTiTe­ben xolme raime faqtsa an informaciaze, agreTve am faqtebis an informaciis damadasturebel raime mtkicebule baze, romlebic

164

obieqtur pirs namdvilad daarwmunebda aRniS nuli safuZvlebis arsebobaSi da, aqedan gamomdinare, aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy­enebis aucileblobaSi. aseT viTarebaSi ki SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ar arsebobs dasabuTebuli varau dic da, rom sasamarTloebi erTmaneTSi ureven Cveulebriv varauds da dasabuTebul varauds (am ori cnebis gansxvavebis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT 1.3.1 punqti).

evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZiebebis safuZvlebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT

mocemul sakiTxze evropul sasamarTlos Zalze mdidari praqtika gaaCnia. arsebobs ramdenime mniSvnelovani precedenti saqarTvelosTan mimarTebiTac. saintereso iqneboda am praqti kis ZiriTadi aspeqtebis mimoxilva.

a) dakavebis an dapatimrebis kanoniereba: miTiTeba erovnul kanonmdeblobaze

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ixileba piris dakavebis kanoniere ba kon­venciis me­5 muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad da wydeba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb Tu ramdenad Seesabameba daka veba `kanoniT gansazRvrul proceduras~, konvencia, upirveles yovlisa, ey­rdnoba Sida saxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobas da miuTiTebs erovnuli kanonmdeblobis materialuri da sapro ceso normebis dacvis aucileblobaze. garda amisa, konvencia moiTxovs, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sefardebis TiToeuli SemTxveva See­sabamebodes konvenciis me­5 muxlis WeSmarit mizans – icavdes adamians Tavisuflebis ukanonod da TviTne burad SezRudvisagan8.

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis daucveloba Sedegad iwvevs konvenciis 5.1 muxlis darRvevas.

9

b) specialuari niSnebis arsebobis aucilebloba rogorc adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerT­

8 Benham v. The United Kingdom, Judgment of 10 June1996, §409 Winterwerp v. Netherlands, §46; Tsirlis v. Greece, 29.05.1997 §57; Steel and

others v. UK, §56

165

gzis miuTiTa, `braldebulis winaswar patimrobaSi yofna Sei­Zleba gamarTlebul iqnes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxezea WeSmariti sajaro interesis specialuri niSnebi, romlebic, udanaSaulobis prezumfciis miuxedavad, gadawonis pirovnebis Tavisuflebis moTxovnebs~10. sakiTxi, arsebobs Tu ara mocemul SemTxvevaSi aseTi `specialuri niSnebi~, unda gadawydes yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi, saqmis garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

g) danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebis safrTxe konvenciis 5.1.c muxli iTvaliswinebs piris dakavebis Ses­

aZleblobas, Tuki `arsebobs sakmao safuZveli varaudisaT vis, rom aucilebelia aRikveTos mis mier samarTaldarRve vis Cadena~. sakmao safuZveli niSnavs, rom unda arsebobdes konkretuli mt­kicebulebebi. mxolod prevenciuli mosazre bebiT piris dakaveba ki ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis me­5 muxlis moTxovnebs.

11

d) saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenisaTvis xelis SeSlis saSiS-roeba

WeSmaritebis dadgenisaTvis xelis SeSla SeiZleba gamoix­atos mowmeebze zemoqmedebaSi, mtkicebulebebis ganadgure­baSi, TanamzraxvelebTan erTiani poziciis SemuSavebaSi da a.S. Tumca, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli samarTlos ganmartebiT, WeSmaritebis dadgenisaTvis xelis SeSlis SesaZleblobebi ar

SeiZleba sasamarTlos mier mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli in abstracto. unda arsebobdes konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe bebi, saidanac SeiZleba damtkicdes, rom braldebuls eqneba SesaZle­bloba zemoqmedeba moaxdinos mowmeebze, gaanadguros mtkiceb­

ulebebi da sxva. 12

garda amisa, evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, mow meebze zemoqmedebis realuri safrTxe SeiZleba Tavidan ar sebobdes, ma­gram igi mcirdeba da qreba droTa ganmavlobaSi13,

radgan gamoZie­

10 Labita v. Italy, §15211 Jecius v. Lithuania, Judgement of 31 July 2000, §5112 Trzaska v. Poland, Judgement of 11 July 2000, §65.13 Letellier v. France, §39.

166

ba win midis, ikribeba mowmeTa Cvenebebi da sxva mtkicebulebebi14.

e) mimalvis safrTxe da inkriminirebuli danaSaulis simZime yovelTvis, rodesac braldebulis winaswar patimrobaSi

darCenis motivad mimalvis safrTxeze miuTiTeben, aucilebe­lia, rom es safrTxe saTanado mtkicebulebebiT iqnes dasab­uTebuli. kerZod, saWiroa imis damtkiceba, rom aseTi safrTxe marTlac realuri iyo. aseTi realobis dasamtkiceblad ki ar aris sakmarisi mxolod mosalodnel mkacr sasjelze miTiTe ba15. aramed mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli braldebulis xasiaTi, moraluri Tvisebebi, misi qoneba, kavSirebi Tavis qveyanasTan, saerTaSoriso kontaqtebi16.

ufro metic, rodesac mimalvis safrTxe SeiZleba ganeitral­des giraoTi an aRkveTis sxva RonisZiebebis saSu alebiT, sax­elmwifo valdebulia ganixilos aseTi alterna tiuli saSuale­bebi17.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika erT­

mniSvnelovnad ar cnobs danaSaulis simZimes, rogorc sakmaris pirobas saimisod, rom piri winaswar patimrobaSi imyofebodes18. ufro metic, erT­erT saqmesTan dakavSirebiT evropis sasamarT­los mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Tanax mad, konvenciis 5.3 muxls ewinaaRmdegeba britanuli kanoni, romelic pirs avto­maturad uars eubneba giraos pirobiT Tavisuflebaze mxolod im motiviT, rom am pirs brali mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi edeba19.

v) stereotipuli formulirebebis dauSvebloba saqmeze `kloti belgiis winaaRmdeg~ adamianis uflebaTa ev­

ropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom sapatimro vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis umravle soba, zedmeti

14 Clooth v. Belgium, §43.15 Muller v. France, Judgement of 17 March 1997, §43.16 W. Switzerland, §33.17 Wemhoff v.Gemany, §15 of the Law18 Tomasi v. France, Judgement of 27 August 1992, §89; Van der Tang v. Spain,

§63; Scott v. Spain, Judgement of 18 December 1996, §7819 Caballero v. UK, Judgement of 8 February 2000, §14

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Tavis Sewuxebis gareSe martooden `stereoti puli formulire­bebiT~ miuTiTebda gamoZiebis saWiroebebze. rodesac sagamoZiebo saWiroebebze miTiTeba keTdeba zogadi da abstraqtuli gamonaTq­vamebiT, es ar aris sakmarisi piris dakavebis vadis gagrZelebis gasamarTleblad20.

prokuroris valdebuleba daasabuTos aRkveTis RonisZiebis mizan­Sewoniloba

moqmedi kodeqsis 198­e muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, aRkve­Tis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis wardgenisas prokurori valdebulia daasabuTos:

a) mis mier moTxovnili aRkveTis RonisZiebis mizanSe­woniloba;

b) sxva, naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis mizanSeuwonloba. Zalze iSviaTad xdeba, Tu saerTod amgvars aqvs adgili, rom prokurorebi asabuTeben zemoT miTiTebul Tundac erT garemoe­bas, rom araferi vTqvaT orive garemoebis dasabuTe baze.

gansakuTrebiT didia amgvari darRvevebis raodenoba da masStabi im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac prokurori sapatimro aRkve­Tis RonisZiebis gamoyenebas iTxovs. rogorc ukve viciT, piri­saTvis garantirebuli Tavisuflebis prezufciis daZleva dasab­uTebuli varaudis standartis Sesabamisad unda ganx orcieldes (ix. zemoT punqtebi 1.1, 1.3.1. 3.2). sxva sityve biT, warmodgenili unda iyos faqti an informacia, romelic dasturdeba konkre­tuli mtkicebulebebiT, rom saxezea ze moT miTiTebuli orive garemoeba. Tu prokurori kanonis am miTiTebas ar asrulebs, aRkveTis RonisZieba ar unda dakmayo fildes da amis Taobaze pirdapir unda iTqvas sasamarTloSi.

sasamarTlos valdebuleba ar Seufardos pirs patimroba, rodesac Sesabamisi miznebis miRweva SesaZlebelia naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT.

Tavis mxriv, imave 198­e muxlis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sa­

20 Clooth v. Belgium, §44

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samarTlos uflebamosilia braldebuls aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimroba Seufardos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis miR weva SeuZlebelia sxva, naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy­enebiT.

rogorc ukve viciT, aRkveTis RonisZiebis miznebia (ix. pun­qti 3.3.1):

− braldebulma Tavi ar aaridos sasamarTloSi ga mocxadebas; − aRikveTos misi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba; − uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganaCenis aRsruleba.

prokurors SeuZlia aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patim robis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobaSi miuTiTos rome lime erTi an meti mizani. Tumca, rac ufro met mizanze axdens igi miTiTebas, miT ufro mZimdeba misi mtkicebis tvirTi, radgan mas gaaCnia valdebuleba, warmoadginos dasabuTebuli varaudis standartis Sesaferisi mtkicebulebebi TiToeul mizanTan dakavSirebiT. Tu prokurori am valdebulebas ver asrulebs, sa samarTlos ara aqvs ufleba gamoiyenos sapatimro aRkveTis RonisZieba. maSasa­dame, dacvis mxaris valia, TiToeul calke aRebul SemTxvevaSi, daasabuTos, rom deklarirebuli miznis an miznebis miRweva Sesa­Zlebelia sxva, naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis gziT.

konkretuli individualuri niSnebis gaTvaliswinebisvaldebuleba

moqmedi kodeqsis 198­e muxlis me­5 nawilis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, aRkveTis RonisZiebisa da misi konkretuli saxis gamoyenebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs braldebulis pirovnebas, mis saqmianobas, asaks, janmrTelo bas, ojaxur da qonebriv mdgomareobas, miyenebuli qonebrivi zianis anazRaurebas, adre Sefardebuli romelime aRkveTis RonisZiebis darRvevis faqts da sxva garemoebebs.

sisxlis samarTlis erT­erT ZiriTad princips warmoad gens sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis individualiza ciis

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principi, rac niSnavs, rom mocemuli piris pasuxismge blobis gansazRvrisas, zogad garemoebebTan erTad, mxedvelo baSi unda iyos miRebuli am piris individualuri Tvisebebi. es principi moqmedebs ara mxolod sasjelis dakisrebis, ar amed aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis drosac.

danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadenis sakiTxis garkvevis aucilebloba Zveli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi arafers am­

bobda imis, Sesaxeb, rom aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patim robis gamoyenebisas, sasamarTlo valdebulia gaarkvios, ar sebobs Tu ara dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom SesaZloa pirma Caidina misT­vis bralad wardgenili danaSauli. amis gamo, sasamarTloebi saerTod aridebdnen Tavs `bralze~ msj elobas da mxolod imiT Semoifarglebodnen, rom aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis `faq­tobrivi da formaluri safuZv lebis~ arsebobaze msjelobdnen. Tumca, sityva `msjeloba~ am SemTxvevaSi Zalze pirobiTia, radgan sasamarTloebi TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe adgendnen, rom aseTi faqtobrivi da form­aluri safuZvlebi arsebobda. amgvari praqtikis sawinaaRmdegod, adamianis uflebaTa ev ropuli konvenciis me­5 muxlis pirve­li punqtis `c~ qve punqtSi pirdapir aris gancxadebuli, rom piris dakaveba an dapatimreba, sxva pirobebs Soris, im SemTx­vevaSi SeiZleba iyos kanonieri, `rodesac arsebobs am piris mier samarTaldarRve vis Cadenis safuZvliani eWvi~. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, safuZvliani eW­vis arseboba aris `sine qua non~ piroba21 imisaTvis, rom piris patimroba kanoni erad CaiTvalos22.

Zveli kodeqsisgan gansxvavebiT, moqmed kodeqsSi, ase Tu ise, gaTvaliswinebul da asaxul iqna evropuli konvenciis ze­moaRniSnuli moTxovna. marTalia, moqmedi kodeqsis im mux lebSi, romlebic aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze sasamarT­los mier gamosarkvev garemoebebs exeba, amis Taobaze araferia

21 anu, piroba, romlis gareSec patimrobis Sefardeba ar iqneboda kanon­ieri.

22 Lavents v. Latvia, no. 58442/00, § 70, 28 November 2002

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naTqvami23, samagierod, amgvari valdebuleba gamom dinareobs das­abuTebuli varaudis standartis definiciidan: `dasabuTebuli varaudi – faqtebis an informaciis erTo blioba, romelic mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gare moebaTa er­TobliobiT daakmayofilebda obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskvna piris mier danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena, am kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTval­iswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebi sTvis an/da aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisTvis gaTval iswinebuli mtkicebulebiTi standarti~ (me­3 muxlis me­11 nawili).

rogorc vxedavT, dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti, sxva pirobebTan erTad, moicavs valdebulebas imisas, rom gairkves, Sekrebilia Tu ara saqmeze `faqtebis an informaciis erToblio­ba, romelic mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa erTobliobiT daakmayofilebda obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskvna piris mier danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena~. dasad genia mxolod, Tu vis valdebulebas warmoadgens im sakiTxis garkveva, marTlac aris Tu ara Sekrebili saqmeze amgvari faqtebis an informaciis erToblioba. pasuxi, evropuli kon venciis me­5 muxlis prin­cipebisa da moqmedi sisxlis samar­Tlis saproceso kodeqsis sistemisgan gamomdinare, sruliad calsaxaa: im sasamarTlosi, romelsac braldebuli pirvelad waredgina, radgan swored es sasamarTlo ixilavs aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobas (moqmedi kod eqsis 197­e muxlis pirveli punqtis `v~ qvepunqti).

miuxedavad imisa, rom moqmedi kodeqsi, Zvelisgan gan­sxvavebiT, braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenisas, sasamarTlos akisrebs valdebulebas, Seamowmos, Tu ramdenad arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom braldebulma SesaZloa Caidina misTvis bralad wardgenili danaSauli, rac niSnavs, rom garkveulwilad, sasamarTlom saqmis arsebiTi garemoe bebis unda

23 ufro metic, Zveli kodeqsis msgavsad, moqmedi kodeqsis 206­e mux­lis me­5 nawilSi isev `faqtobriv da formalur safuZvlebzea~ saubari: `Suamdgomlobis dasabuTebulobisa da aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis ro­gorc formaluri (saproceso), ise faqtobrivi safuZvlebis Semowmebis Semdeg mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba.~

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Seamowmos, sasamarTloebi, Zveli, mankieri praq tikis inerciiT, kvlavac uars acxadeben xolme am sakiTxis garkvevaze. magaliTad, erT­erT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, bral debuls, romelic pirvelad sasamarTlos 2011 wlis seqtem berSi wa­rudgines, dacvis mxaris gancxadebaze, rom bral debulis qmede­baSi ar arsebobda sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis niSnebi, mosamarTlem miTiTeba misca braldebulis damcvels, rom ar Sesuliyo „bralis sakiTxis ganxilvaSi~, vinaidan aRniSnul sa­samarTlo sxdomaze ixileboda „aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis sakiTxis gadawyveta da ara braldeb ulebis braleuloba24~.

zemoaRniSnuli faqti imaze metyvelebs, rom mosamarTles srulad ar hqonda gacnobierebuli arc axali kodeq sis mixed­viT sasamarTlos amocanebi braldebulis sasamarT loSi pirveli wardgenisas da arc dasabuTebuli varaudis standartis Si­naarsi. rogorc ukve iTqva, axali saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti, sxva daniSnulebebTan erTad, im daniSnulebiTac gamoiyeneba, raTa braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenisas sasamarT lo, romelic obieqturi piris poziciidan unda afasebdes saqmis garemoebebs, darwmundes imaSi, rom braldebulma SesaZloa Caidina bralad wardgenili dana­Sauli. aSkaraa, rom am mxriv, braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirve­li wardgenisas, saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle valdebulia saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebisa da informaciis erTobliobas ara mxolod sapro ceso kuTxiT, aramed arsebiTi kuTxiTac Sexedos, Tundac braldebis arsebiTi aspeqtis ganxilva ar atarebdes esoden farTo xasiaTs, rogorsac igi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ar sebiTi ganxilvisas atarebs. saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle valdebulia saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebisa da informaciis erTo­bliobas ara mxolod saproceso kuTxiT Sexedos, aramed re­alurad Seamowmos, arsebobs Tu ara pirveladi mtkiceb ulebebi,

24 saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacia sisxlis samarTlis komitetis analitikuri jgufis daskvna sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebis dar­RvevaTa Sesaxeb advokat zaqaria qucnaSvilis gancxadebasTan dakavSirebiT, 1 dekemberi 2011 w., me­13 punqti, whttp://gba.ge/new/admin/editor/uploads/files/newsebis/Sisxlis_Komitetis_Daskvna_Murmanishvili.pdf

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romlebic piris mier mocemuli danaSaulis Cadenis faqtTan dakavSirebiT gonivruli eWvis dasabuTebis saSuale bas iZleva25.

aRkveTis RonisZiebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi

advokatis uflebis SezRudva saprocesokodeqsis 207­e muxlis2013 wlis 14 ivnisamde

moqmedi redaqcia romlis Tanaxmadac, aRkveTis RonisZiebis gam­oyenebis, Secv lis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZlo erTjera­dad, misi gamotanidan 48 saaTSi saapelacio sasamarTlos saga­moZiebo kolegiaSi gaasaCivrebina prokurors an braldebuls.

imave nawilis meore winadadeba ukrZalavda braldebulis advokats Seitana saCivari misi dacvis qveS myofis Tanx mobis gareSe. erTaderTi gamonaklisia is SemTxveva, rodesac bralde­buli arasrulwlovania an aqvs iseTi fizikuri an fsiqikuri nakli, romelic SeuZlebels xdis misgan Tanxmobis miRebas.

aseTi SezRudva warmoSobda seriozul kiTxvebs saqarT velos konstituciis 42­e muxlis pirveli da me­3 puqtebiT, agreTve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me­6 muxlis pirveli punqtiTa da me­3 punqtis `c~ qvepunqtiT garan tirebul ufle­bebTan Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, sakiTxavia, aRniSnu­li normiT dawesebuli SezRudvis piro bebSi, ramdenad qmediTad SeeZlo esargebla braldebuls sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis, mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveobiT dacvis uflebebiT.

aRniSnuli norma gulisxmobda, rom Cveulebriv pirobebSi, rodesac braldebuli an msjavrdebuli srulwlovania da mas ara aqvs saTanado fizikuri an fsiqikuri nakli, advokatma Ta­visi dacvis qveS myofi piris Tanxmoba unda moipovos im isaTvis, rom aRniSnul muxlebSi miTiTebuli an nagulisxmevi sasamarT­los gadawyvetilebebi gaasaCivros.

sakiTxavia, zRudavda Tu ara es norma advokatis uflebebs. cxadia, zRudavda, radgan advokats uxdeboda garkveuli dam­

25 iqve, pp. 25­26; ix. aseve am punqtebSi miTiTebuli saqme: Ramishvili and Kokhreidze v. Georgia (dec.), no. 1704/06, 27 June 2007, gadawyvetileba saqmis misaRebobis Sesaxeb.

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atebiTi drois daxarjva imisaTvis, rom Sexvedroda Tavis dac­vis qveS myof pirs, raTa moipovebina misgan saTanado Tanxmoba. am normis uqonlobis pirobebSi ki aseTi damatebiTi drois dax­arjvis aucilebloba ar iarsebebda. magram yvelaze ufro sayu­radRebo is aris, rom aRniSnu li SezRudva ara mxolod da ara imdenad advokatis uflebas zRudavda, ramdenadac braldebulis. naTqvami gansakuTrebiT exeba patimrobaSi myof braldebuls. ra iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu advokati dadgenil vadaSi ver moax­erxebs masTan Sexve dras da Tanxmobis mopovebas? pasuxi naTelia: braldebuli gauSvebs gasaCivrebis vadas, Tu, cxadia, Tavad ar Seitans saCivars. rogorc cnobilia, advokats mxolod 48 saaTi hqonda imisaTvis, rom SexvedrodaTavis dacvis qveS myof pirs raTa moipo vebinamisgan Tanxmoba. ra iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es 48 saaTi, magaliTad, uqme dReebs daemTxva? pasuxi aqac naTelia: advo kati ver moaxerxebs braldebulTan Sexvedras da, Sesabam­isad, gasaCivrebis vadac gaSvebuli iqneba.

aRniSnul SezRudva kidev ufro seriozul uaryofiTSede­gebs warmoSobda im braldebulebisaTvis, rom lebic ama Tu im mizeziT an mosazrebiT sazRvargareT imyofe bodnen, mimalulni arian, ar cxaddebian sagamoZiebo organoebisa da sasamarTloe­bis winaSe, an/da maTi adgilsamyofeli maTive advokatisTvisac ucnobi iyo. rogorc cnobilia, amgvari gare moebebis arseboba ar arTmevs braldebulebs maT saproceso uflebebs, maT Soris arc dacvis da arc sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis uflebas26. miuxeda­vad amisa, zemoxsenebul SezRud vas mTlianad nulamde dayavda aseTi braldebulis zemoaRniSnuli uflebebi, radgan advili SesaZlebelia, rom aseT pirobebSi advokatma an saerTod ver moipovos Tanxmoba an igi Sesabamisi saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg moipovos.

adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos araerTgzis aRuniSnavs, maT Soris saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg gamotanil gan­CinebebSic, rom sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis uflebis SezRudva

26 Poitrimol v. France, Application no. 14032/88, Judgment of 23 November 1993, §34

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mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba SesabamisobaSi iyos konvenciis me­6 muxlis pirvel punqtTan, Tu aseTi SezRudva emsaxureba kanonier mizans da arsebobs gonivruli Tanazomiereba gamoy­enebul saSualebebsa da dasaxul mizans Soris27.

ufro metic,

Tanazomierebis principi ara mxolod aRniSnul muxls exeba, aramed konvenciis sistemis erT­erT ZiriTad sayrdens warmoad­gens28. amdenad, igi konvenciis sxva muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebis mizanSewonilobis Sesamowme bladac unda iqnes gam­oyenebuli.

am konteqstSi aucilebelia sisxlis samarTlis saproce so kodeqsSi arsebuliSezRudvebis ganxilva Tanazo mierebis prin­cipis prizmaSi. kerZod, gasarkvevia:

a) ra mizans SeiZleba emsaxurebodes es SezRudvebi; b) ramdenad Tanazo mieria es SezRudvebi deklarirebul an

Tundac savaraudo mizanTan. marTalia, ar arsebobs raime oficialuri dokumenti,

romelSic deklarirebuli iqneboda aRniSnuli SezRudvebis mizani, unda vivaraudoT, rom mizani is unda iyos, rom Tavi dan iqnes acilebuli advokatis mxridan braldebulis survi lis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis ganxorcielebis, ufro konkre tulad, aRkveTis RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlos ganCinebis an ganaCenis gasaCivrebis SesaZlebloba. aseTi ram, cxadia, srule­biTac ar aris gamoricxuli. amdenad, aseTi miznis kanoniereba TavisTavad ar SeiZleba eWvqveS dadges. magram, ramdenad Tanazom­ieria TviTon SezRudva am mizanTan? am kiTxvaze pasuxi uaryofi­Tia ramdenime mosazrebis gamo.

jer erTi, srulebiTac ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ad­vokatisa da misi dacvis qveS myofi piris interesebi erTmaneTs daupirispirdes sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebis mier etapze, nebismieri saproceso moqmedebis ganxorcielebis dros. ratom ar iTxovs saproceso kanoni dacvis qveS myofi piris Tanxmo­

27 ix. magaliTad,FC Mretebi v. Georgia, Application no. 38736/04, Judgment of 31 July 2007, §41.

28 Steven Greer, ‘The European Convention on Human Rights: Achievements, Problems and Prospects’, Cambridge University Press, pp. 216-220

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bas advokatis nebismier Suamdgomlobaze, nebi smier saCivarze, nebismier werilobiT an zepir gancxade baze, mowmisTvis, dazara­lebulisTvis an eqspertisTvis das mul nebismier SekiTxvaze da a.S. pasuxi is aris, rom aseTi moTxovna mkveTrad Seamcirebda, rom ara vTqvaT, mospobda dacvis qmediTobas da efeqtianobas. maS, ratom aris saWiro Tanxmoba maincdamainc gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebiT?

meore, dacvis qveS myof pirs nebismier dros SeuZlia uari Tqvas konkretuli advokatis momsaxurebaze. ufro met ic, ad­vokatis mxridan misi dacvis qveS myofi piris in teresebTan dapirispirebis an misTvis saziano qmedebebis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, dacvis qveS myof pirs SeuZlia sxvadasxva samarT­lebrivi misageblis saSualebebs mimarTos, magaliTad, daayenos advokatis disciplinuri, samoqalaqo an sulac sisxlissamarT­lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. aseTi SesaZlebloba, uTuod, advokatis mxridan Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi piris interesebis sawinaaRmdego qmedebis ganxor cielebis mZlavr Semakavebel faq­tors warmoadgens.

mesame, Tundac davuSvaT, rom advokatma sasamarTlos gan­Cineba aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb misi dacvis qveS myofi piris survilis sawinaaRmdegod gaasaCivra, dacvis qveS myof pirs SeuZlia iolad gamoasworos problema da uari Tqvas saCivarze. gasaCivrebis vadis gaSvebis SemTxvevaSi ki problemis gamosworeba bevrad ufro did sirTuleebTan aris dakavSire­buli.

aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis an gauqmebis moTxovnis uflebebis Sesabamisoba evropuli konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­4 punqtTan

a) zepiri mosmenis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­4

punqtSi dadgenilia: `yvelas, visac dakavebiT an dapatimrebiT aRekveTa Tavi­

sufleba, aqvs ufleba, mimarTos sasamarTlos, romelic dauy­ovnebliv ganixilavs misi dapatimrebis sakiTxs da brZanebs

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mis gaTavisuflebas, Tu es dapatimreba ukanonoa.~ am muxlis komentirebisas, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma

sasamarTlom aRniSna: `sasamarTlo ixsenebs, rom [konvenciis] 5$4 muxlis Za­

liT dakavebul an dapatimrebul pirs ufleba aqvs aRZras sa­samarTlo procesi, raTa sasamarTlom ganixilos [arse bobda Tu ara] saproceso da arsebiTi pirobebi, romle bic aucilebelia misTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis `kanon ierebisaTvis~ 5$1 mux­lis gagebiT...~. `marTalia, yovelTvis ar aris aucilebeli, rom 5$4 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli procedura iseTive garantiebiT iyos uzrunvelyofili, rogorsac adgens konvenciis 6$1 muxli sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo procesebisaTvis..., mas unda hqondes marTlmsajulebis xasiaTi da unda daculi iyos Tavisu­flebis aRkveTis mocemuli saxeobisTvis Sesabamisi garan tiebiT. Tu piri dakavebulia 5$1(c) muxlis safuZvelze, saWiroa zepiri mosmenis Catareba...~29. aRniSnul saqmeSi evropulma sasamarTlom cno mopasuxe saxelmwifos mier konvenciis 5.4 muxlis darRveva maT Soris im mezeziTac, rom momCivanis dakavebis kanonierebis Sesamowmeblad sa samarTlom ar gamarTa zepiri mosmena30.

saproceso kodeqsis 207­e muxlis me­2 nawili moiTxov­da, rom aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis winaaRmdeg Setanil saCivarSi aRiniSnuliyo, Tu ra moTxovnebi iqna darRveuli gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisas da riT gamoixata gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis de­bulebaTa mcdaroba. aRkveTis RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebul saCi­varSi SesaZloa aseve mieTiTos, ra arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxebi da mtkicebulebebi ar gamoikvlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, romlebsac SeeZlo zegavlena moex dina pirisaT­vis aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis marTlzom ierebaze. saCivars aseve unda darTvoda momCivnis poziciis damadasturebeli mt­kicebulebani im axal garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic ucnobi iyo pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosTvis.

29 Assenov and Others v. Bulgaria, Judgment of 28 October 1998, $162. 30 iqve, $165

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imave muxlis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, saapelacio sasamarT­los sagamoZiebo kolegiis mosamarTle saCivars ganixilavs erTpirovnulad da zepiri mosmenis gareSe wyvets aRkveTis RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebuli saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs, kerZod, akmayofilebs Tu ara saCivari am muxlis pirveli da me­2 nawilebis moTxovnebs, amasTanave, ganixila Tu ara pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom arsebiTad igive sakiTxebi an gamoikvlia Tu ara man arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone mt kicebuleba, romelsac SeeZlo zegavlena moexdina pirisaTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis marTlzomierebaze. saCivris dasaSvebobis Taobaze mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba.

imave muxlis me­5 nawiliT, saCivris dasaSvebad cnobis Sem­TxvevaSi mosamarTle atarebs zepir mosmenas.

garda amisa, moqmedi kodeqsis 206­e muxlis me­8 nawilis Tanaxmad, mas Semdeg, rac piris mimarT gamotanil iqneba gan­Cineba aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da igi kanonier ZalaSi Seva, mxare uflebamosilia braldebulis mimarT gam­oyenebuli aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos magistrat mosamarTles gamoZiebis ad­gilis mixedviT.

imave 206­e muxlis me­9 nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo am muxlis me­8 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli Suamdgomlobis ward­genidan 24 saaTSi, zepiri mosmenis gareSe wyvets Suamd gomlobis dasaSvebobis sakiTxs. Suamdgomlobis dasaSvebobis Taobaze mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba. Suamdgomlobis dasaS vebad cno­bis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo atarebs zepir mosmenas.

zemoT citirebuli normebis Tanaxmad, aRkveTis RonisZiebis gasaCivrebisas an ukve gamoyenebuli aRkveTis RonisZiebis gau­qmebis an Secvlis moTxovnisas, sasamarTlo jer saCivris an Suamdgomlobis dasaSvebobis sakiTxs arkvevs, Tanac zepiri mos­menis gareSe, xolo Semdeg, Tu man saCivari an Suamdgom loba dasaSvebad cno, mxolod amis Semdeg atarebs zepir mosmenas.

moqmedi praqtikis Tanaxmad, Zalze iSviaTad xdeba, Tu saer­Tod xdeba, rom sasamarTloebi dasaSvebad miiCneven dac vis mx­aris saCivrebsa da Suamdgomlobebs aRkveTis RonisZiebis gau­

178

qmebis an Secvlis Taobaze. gamonaklisia mxolod is Sem­Txveve­bi, rodesac aRkveTis RonisZiebis gauqmebas an Secvlas Tavad prokurori eTanxmeba. amgvari praqtika faqtobrivad aqarwylebs an, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, iluzorulsa da wmin dad Teoriuls xdis braldebulis uflebas, garantirebuls evropuli konven­ciis me­5 muxlis me­4 punqtiT, romlis Tanaxmadac patimrobaSi myof braldebuls ufleba aqvs mim arTos sasamarTlos dapatim­rebis kanonierebis Sesamowmeblad.

Sesabamisad, dasaSvebobis sakiTxis zepiri mosmenis gareSe Semowmebis Sesaxeb normebi kodeqsidan amoRebul unda iqnes, Tu mizani is aris, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da sa­samarTloebis praqtika SesabamisobaSi iyos evropuli konven ciis moTxovnebTan.

b) axali garemoebebis Sesaxeb moTxovnis Seusabamoba evropul konvenciasTan

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 da me­4 punqtebTan mimarTebiT adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, piris daka vebis an dapatimrebis Semdeg drois mimdinareobasTan erTad aRar aris sakmarisi mxolod im garemoebebis – maT So ris `safuZvliani eWvis~ – arseboba, romelTa safuZvelzec piri dakavebul an dapatimrebul iqna. evropuli sasamarTlos TqmiT, saWiroa sxva `relevanturi~ da `sakmarisi~ safuZ vlebis arseboba, romle­biTac piris datoveba patimrobaSi SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnes31.

am moTxovnis WrilSi srul gaugebrobas iwvevda sapro­ceso kodeqsis debulebebi, romlebic aRkveTis RonisZiebis ga­saCivrebisas an aRkveTis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an Secv lis Ses­axeb Suamdgomlobis wardgenisas, mxarisgan moiTxovda `axal garemoebebze~ miTiTebas.

saproceso kodeqsis 207­e muxlis me­2 nawilis bolo wina­dadeba moiTxovda, rom saCivars unda daerTos momCivnis pozi­ciis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebani (masalebi) im axal gare­

31 Jecius v. Lithuania, App. 34578/97, Judgement of July 2000, 93

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moebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic ucnobi iyo pirveli instan ciis sa­samarTlosaTvis.

es debulebebi aSkara winaaRmdegobaSi iyo evropuli konven­ciis me­5 muxlis me­4 punqtis moTxovnebTan, radgan, nacvlad imisa, rom iTxovdes axali, ̀ relevanturi~ da ̀ sakmarisi~ safuZ­vlebis warmodgenas piris patimrobaSi darCenisaTvis, romelTa uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi dakavebuli da dapatimre buli piri dauy­ovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes, isini moiTxovs raRac gaugebar `axal garemoebebs~ imisaTvis, rom piri gaTa visufldes. sxva si­tyvebiT, Tavisuflebis prezumfciis nacv lad, romelsac uzrun­velyofs moqmedi kodeqsis me­5 muxlis me­4 nawili (ix. punqtebi 1.1 da 3.2), es debulebebi Tavisu flebis aRkveTis prezumfcias adgens.

zemoTaRwerili situacia gamosworda mas Semdeg, rac sisx­lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 207­e muxlis pirveli da meore nawilebi Camoyalibda Semdegi saxiT:

`aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Ses­axeb ganCineba SeiZleba erTjeradad, misi gamotanidan 48 saa­TSi saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi gaasaCivros prokurorma, braldebulma an/da misma advokatma. saCivari Sei­taneba ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, romelic am saCivarsa da masalebs dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabamis sasamarTlos gan­sjadobis mixedviT. gasaCivreba ar aCerebs ganCinebis aRsrule­bas. (14.06.2013. #741)

3. saCivarSi unda aRiniSnos, ra moTxovnebi dairRva ga­saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisas da riT gamoixata ga­saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis debulebaTa mcdaroba. aRkveTis RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebul saCivarSi SesaZloa aseve mieTiTos, ra arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxebi da mtkicebulebebi ar gamoikvlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, romlebsac SeeZlo zegavlena moexdina pirisaTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis marTlzomierebaze. (14.06.2013. #741)”

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evropuli sasamarTlos ganCinebebi konvenciisme-5 muxlis darRvevebis gamo saqarTvelos

winaaRmdeg Setanil saCivrebze

evropul sasamarTlos ramdenime ganCineba aqvs miRebuli saqa­rTvelosTan mimarTebiT, romlebsac precedentuli Rire buleba gaaCnia. am ganCinebebSi asaxulia tipuri darRvevebi, romlebsac aqvs xolme adgili saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mxridan.

qvemoT amokrebilia amonaridebi am ganCinebebidan:

a) facuria saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadis nomeri: 30779/04, ganCinebis TariRi: 2007 wlis 6 noemberi):

`61. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganmcxadebeli daapatimres 2004 wlis 5 maiss da mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni pirve­li instanciis sasamarTlom gamoitana 2005 wlis 17 Tebervals. aqedan gamomdinare, misi patimrobis vada, kon venciis me­5 muxlis 1 (g) punqtis miznebisaTvis, aris cxra Tve da Tormeti dRe (ix. Wemhoff c. Allemagne, arrêt du 27 juin 1968, série A no7, p. 23, § 9; Davtian v. Georgia (dec.), no. 73241/01, 6 September 2005).

62. patimrobis vada ar iyo gadaWarbebuli. sasamarT lo ganmar­tavs, rom igi ver Seafsebs gonivrulobas in ab stracto. erovnu­li sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mier saTanado gadawyvetile­bebSi miTiTebuli mizezebisa da ganmcxadeb lis mier gaTavisu­flebis moTxovnis dros gakeTebuli ga nacxadebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo mowodebulia, gadawyvi tos, gamarTlebuli iyo Tu ara patimrobis gagrZeleba kon venciis me­5 muxlis me­3 punqtis farglebSi (ix., magaliTad, Michta v. Poland, no. 13425/02, §§ 45 and 46, 4 May 2006; Labita v. Italy [GC], no. 26772/95, § 152, ECHR 2000-IV; Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR2000-XI). es gadawyvetilebebi unda Seicavdes ,,saTanado~ da ,,sak­maris~ argumentacias da exebodes mocemuli saqmis specifikas, rom gaamarTlos Ta visuflebis SezRudva (ix. Ječius v. Lithuania, no. 34578/97, § 93, ECHR 2000-IX). sxva sityvebiT rom vTq­vaT, patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis nebismieri periodi, ganurCev­lad misi xan grZlivobisa, moiTxovs kompetenturi erovnuli

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organoebis saTanado motivacias, romlebic valdebulni arian, gamoiCinon ,,gansakuTrebuli gulisxmiereba~ am procedurebis ganxor cielebisas (ix. Jablonski v. Poland, no. 33492/96, § 80, 21 Decem ber 2000).

1. mocemul saqmeze ganmcxadeblis patimrobis va dis gagrZeleba wardgenil, mxardaWeril da miRebul iqna 2004 wlis 8 maisis, 13 maisisa da 6 dekembris sasamarTlo gadawyvetile­bebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, ganmcxadeblis patimrobis gonivru­lobis dasadgenad konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 punqtis miznebi­saTvis sasamarTlo amowmebs am gadawyvetile bebSi miTiTebul mizezebs, aseve ganmcxadeblis argumentebs, romlebic mocemulia gaTavisuflebis moTxovnaSi (ix. Jablon ski, zemoaRniSnuli § 79).

2. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom 2004 wlis 8 maisis sa samarTlo gadawyvetileba ayalibebs dapatimrebis gagrZelebis mizanSe­wonilobis mizezebs, rogoricaa: (a) saqmis masalebi aZlierebs eWvs, rom ganmcxadebelma Caidina danaSauli; (b) mtkicebulebebi Segrovebul iqna kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT;

(g) sasjelis simkacre ganapirobebda mimalvis saSiSroebas; da

(d) saqmis masalebi qmnida ganmcxadeblis mier gamoZiebisaT­vis xelis SeSlis safrTxes.

65. rac Seexeba pirvel mizezs, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom danaSaulis Cadenis gonivruli eWvis arseboba warmoad­gens dapatimrebis kanonierebis upirobo safuZvels konven ciis me­5 muxlis 1 (g) paragrafis miznebisaTvis, magram es SeiZleba ar iyos sakmarisi patimrobis vadis gasagrZele blad. amgvari sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba saWiroebs ufro myar safuZvels, romelic adasturebs ara marto gonivruli eWvis namdvilad arsebobas, aramed sajaro interesis sxva elementebsac, romle­bic, miuxedavad udanaSaulobis prezumfciisa, gadawonis Tavi­suflebis uflebas (ix., Lavents v. Latvia, no. 58442/00, § 70, 28 November 2002; I.A. v. France, judgment of 23 September 1998, Re-ports 1998-VII, p. 2979, § 102; Labita, cited above, § 153), vinaidan me­5 muxlis me­3 paragrafis ZiriTadi mizania braldebulis pi­robiTi gaTavisufleba sasamarTlos mimdinareobisas (ix. Garycki

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v. Poland, no. 14348/02, § 39, 6 Feb ruary 2007; McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, § 41, ECHR 2006-...).

66. marTalia, rom 2004 wlis 8 maisis brZaneba exe ba Se­darebiT mokle periods – ganmcxadeblis patimrobis pirvel sam Tves. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 punqtiT garantirebuli piro biTi gaTavisu­flebis ufleba sasamarTlos msvlelobisas ar aris damokide­buli patimrobis vadaze. konvenciis me­5 mux lis me­3 punqti ver iqneba ganxiluli, rogorc sasamarT lomde dapatimrebis upi­robo nebarTva, Tundac rom patimroba moklevadiani iyos (ix. Belchev v. Bulgaria, no. 39270/98, § 82, 8 April 2004).

67. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom patimrobis vadis avtoma turi gagrZeleba sami TviT mxolod kanoniT dadgenili pr ezumfciis gamo, romelic efuZneba braldebebis simZimesa da mimalvis, xe­laxali samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis an molapara kebis hipoTetur saSiSorebas, ar Seesabameba konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 punqts (ix., Nikolov v. Bulgaria, no. 38884/97, § 70, 30 January 2003). aqe­dan gamomdinare, mocemuli saqmis masalebs rom davubrundeT, is faqti, rom 2004 wlis 8 maisis brZaneba exeboda ganmcxade­blis patimrobis sawyis periods, ar aTavisu flebs erovnul xelisuflebas, warmoadginos am RonisZiebis mizanSewonilobis damadasturebeli dasabuTeba. sasamarTlos TqmiT, 2004 wlis 8 maiss, ganmcxadeblis dapatimrebidan sam dReSi, prezumfcia unda yofiliyo gaTavisuflebis sasarge blod (ix. McKay, cited above, § 41).

68. ufro metic sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom 2004 wlis 8 mai­sis brZanebis dasabuTeba – Segrovebuli mtkicebulebebis kanon­iereba, patimrobis gonivrulobis argumentaciis irele vanturia.

69. rac Seexeba mimalvis safrTxes, sasamarTlo ganmar tavs, rom es SeiZleba iyos dapatimrebis kanonieri safuZve

li. miuxedavad amisa, igi ar SeiZleba daefuZnos saboloo ganaCenis simZimes da unda ukavSirdebodes ramdenime sxva saTa­nado garemoebas (ix. Letellier v. France, judgment of 26 June 1991, Series A no. 207, § 43).

70. 2004 wlis 8 maisis dapatimrebis brZanebaSi aRniS nulia,

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rom sasjelis simkacre ganapirobebs per semimalvis safrTxes. sasamarTlom ar ganixila am safrTxis xasiaTi ganmcxadeblis mier wardgenili dasabuTebis sapirispirod, romelic man miuTi­Ta gaTavisuflebis moTxovnaSi – TanamSromloba prokuraturas­Tan, dokumentaciis nebayoflobiTi wardgena da misi gamocxadeba dakiTxvaze moTxovnisTa nave, misi sandooba da kargi reputacia da sxv. savaraudo sasjelis simkacre aseve ar iqna gadamow­mebuli saqmis sxva garemoebebTan, romelic an daadasturebda mimalvis safrTxes, an – imdenad umniSvnelod warmoaCenda mas, rom patimrobis vadis gagrZeleba veRar iqneboda mizanSewonili (ix. Khudoy orov v. Russia, no. 6847/02, § 181, ECHR 2005-... (ex-tracts)). amitom sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom mimalvis safrTxe ar iyo sakmarisad dasabuTebuli winamdebare saqmeSi.

71. rac Seexeba WeSmaritebis dadgenisaTvis xelis SeSlis safrTxes, sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom aRniSnuli brmad iyo moyvanili da ar ukavSirdeboda konkretuli saqmis garemoe bebs (Smirnova v. Russia, nos. 46133/99 and 48183/99, § 63, ECHR 2003-IX (extracts); Nikolov, cited above, § 73). marTalia, safrTxe war­moadgens Tavisuflebis SezRudvis mizanSewonilobis Se fasebis elements, magram igi ar SeiZleba dadgenil iqnes dausabuTebeli, abstraqtuli gancxadebebis safuZvelze.

72. rac Seexeba 2004 wlis 13 maisis saapelacio gadawyvetile­bas, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom dapatimrebis RonisZieba SenarCu­nebuli iyo mxolod braldebebis simZi mis gamo da ar momxdara sxva SesaZlo mizezebis Seswavla, romelTa gamoc patimrobis vadis gagrZeleba mizanSewonili iqneboda. es gadawyvetileba, iseve, rogorc 2004 wlis 8 maisis gadawyvetileba, ar iTval­iswinebda ganmcxadeblis saq mis individualur garemobebs. amgvari

midgoma, savaraudod, _ gamowveuli iyo sssk­is 151­e muxlis

me­3 punqtiT, magram, sa samarTlos mosazrebiT, igi ar SeiZleba

iqnes gamarTlebuli konvenciis miznebisaTvis (ix. Rokhlina v. Russia, no. 54071/00, § 66, 7 April 2005; Panchenko v. Russia, no. 45100/98, § 102, 8 Feb ruary 2005). igi aseve ar Seesabameba udana­Saulobis prezum fcias, romelsac erovnulma sasamarTlom pa­

tivi unda sces patimrobis mizanSewonilad CaTvlis SemTxvevaSi

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konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 punqtis farglebSi (ix., agreTve,

Lavents, cited above, § 70), vinaidan dapatimrebuli piri Sei­

Zleba gamarTlebul iqnes an ganaCeni gamotanil iqnes naklebad

mZime danaSaulisaTvis (ix. zemoT paragrafebi 9 da 18).

73. Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlos winaSe 2004 wlis 13

maiss ganmcxadeblisa da prokuraturis dasabuTebaTa Sedarebi­

sas, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebeli cdilobda, dae­

mtkicebina garemoebebi prokuraturis usafuZvlo varaudebis

gasaqarwyleblad, rom misi mimalvis an molaparakebis hipo­Te­

turi safrTxec ki ar arsebobda. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs amasTan

dakavSirebiT, rom mtkicebis tvirTis gadanacvleba dapatimre­

bul pirze Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sakiTxebSi niS navs konven­

ciis me­5 muxlis Zireul Secvlas (ix. Ilijkov v. Bulgaria, no. 33977/96, §§ 84 and 85, 26 July 2001).

74. sasamarTlo gansakuTrebiT SeSfoTebulia im faqtiT,

rom vake­saburTalos raionulma sasamarTlom ganmcxadeblis

samarTalSi micemisas gadasinja da gaagrZela dapatimrebis vada

2004 wlis 6 dekembramde. imis nacvlad, rom gamoeCina ,,gansa­

kuTrebuli gulisxmiereba~ Svidi Tvis manZilze gagrZelebuli

patimrobis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. G.K. v. Po land, no. 38816/97, § 84, 20 January 2004), raionulma sasamarT lom gamoiyena stand­

artuli, Sablonuri gadawyvetileba. imis nacvlad, rom aRes­

rulebina sakuTari valdebuleba, damajere beli dasabuTeba mieca

gagrZelebuli patimrobisaTvis (ibid.), igi daeyrdno winaswar dadgenil formas da mis abstraqtul debulebebs (ix. §17 ze­

moT). sasamarTlo 2004 wlis 6 de kembris gadawyvetilebas miiC­

nevs konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 punqtiT garantirebuli ufle­

bebis gansakuTrebiT seriozul SezRudvad. 75. sabolood, sasamarTlo usvams xazs im garemoeba sac, rom

me­5 muxlis me­3 punqtis farglebSi xelisufleba valdebulia, piris gaTavisuflebis an dapatimrebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas gaiTvaliswinos misi sasamarTlos winaSe ga mocxadebis uzrunve­lyofis sxva alternatiuli RonisZiebebi. debuleba mxars uW­ers ara marto `gonivrul vadaSi sasamarT losadmi wardgenas an

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gaTavisuflebas saqmis ganxilvis ganma vlobaSi~, aramed – `gaTa­visuflebas, ganpirobebuls sasamarT los winaSe gamocxadebis garantiebiT~ (ix. Kaszczyniec v. Poland, no. 59526/00, § 57, 22 May 2007).

76. miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, mocemuli saqme adasturebs, rom arc 2004 wlis 8 da 13 maisis gadawyvetilebebSi, rom­lebic exeboda patimrobis sawyis vadas da arc 2004 wlis 6 de­kembris gadawyvetilebaSi, romelmac daadgina vadis gagrZeleba, erovnulma sasamarTlom ar ganixila arapatim robiTi prevenci­uli RonisZiebebi, romlebic naTlad aris warmoCenili sssk­is 152­e muxlis 1 paragrafSi. erovnuli sasamarTlos mier am sakiTxis ganuxilveloba adasturebs mis mier konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 paragrafis moTxovnebis gauTvaliswineblobas (ix. Dolgova v. Russia, no. 11886/05, §§ 47, 48 and 50, 2 March 2006).

77. zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom daadgi na, rom specifikuri faqtebis gauTvaliswineblobam ganmcxade blis saqmeze an Tundac arapatimrobiTi saxis RonisZiebebis ganux­ilvelobam, aseve braldebebis martooden simZimeze dayrdnobam, gamoiwvia xelisuflebis mier ganmcxadeblisaTvis patimrobis Sefardeba da gagrZeleba im safuZvlebiT, rom lebic ar Sei­Zleba iqnes miCneuli `relevanturad~ da `sak marisad~. pirobiT gaTavisuflebaze ganmcxadeblis uflebis gansakuTrebiT serio­zul darRvevad unda iqnes miCneuli 2004 wlis 6 dekembris gadawyvetileba, romelic Seicavs Sablonur da standartul mizezebs.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom ad­gili hqonda konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­3 pinqtis darRvevas32.

b) giorgi nikolaiSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi №37048/04, ganCinebis TariRi: 2009 wlis 13 ianvari):

1. garemoebebi, romlebic win uZRoda ganmcxadeblis dapatim­rebas 2004 wlis 30 marts

32 http://www.justice.gov.ge/files/Documents/adam/gadawyvetilebebi/patsuria.pdf

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52. sasamarTlo kvlav imeorebs, rom konvenciis me–5 mux­lis I punqtSi gamoxatuli „pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da us­afrTxoebis ufleba~ unda ganimartos, rogorc erTi ufle­ba, Sesabamisad usafrTxoeba „Tavisuflebis~ konteqstSi unda gavigoT. usafrTxoebis dacva pirdapir ukavSirdeba indivi dis pirovnuli Tavisuflebis dacvas saxelmwifos mxridan am ufle­baSi ukanono Carevisagan (ix. qemal giuveni TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (gadawyv.), № 31847/96, 30 maisi 2000). usafrTxoe bis cneba aiZulebs Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoebs, daicvan kanonis uzen­aesobis principi da samarTlebrivi dacvis sxva elementaruli wesebi, rodesac pirovnebis Tavisuflebaa sas worze (ix. kurti TurqeTis winaaRmdeg 1998 wlis 25 maisis sasamarTlo procesi, gadawyvetilebaTa da ganCinebaTa kre buli, 1998­ III, §§ 122­123).

53. sasamarTlo iziarebs im azrs, rom „pirovnebis dacvis ufleba~, konvenciis avtorebis azriT, ufro mets gu lisxmobda, vidre saxelmwifo organoebis mier pirovnebis fizikuri Tavisu­flebis dacvaa (ix. §§ 45–46). konvenciis me­5 § 1 muxlis Sem­degi ganmarteba ambobs, rom Sesabamisi safuZvlebis arsebobisas safrTxis qveS dgeba rogorc indi vidis fizikuri Tavisufleba, aseve misi piradi usafrTxoeba (ix. „kurti~, mocemulia zemoT, §123). „usafrTxoebis~ cne baze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom erovnuli xe lisuflebis organoebisgan, romelnic ufle­bamosilni ari an aRkveTon piris Tavisufleba, rogorc wesi, moelian am ukanasknelTan keTilsindisier urTierTqmedebas (ix. Conka belgiis winaaRmdeg, № 51564/99, §§ 41 da 42, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo 2002 I; bozano safrangeTis winaaRmdeg, 1980 wlis 18 dekembris sasamarTlo procesi, seria № 111, § 55). gamomdinare aqedan, individis fizikuri Tavisu­flebis aRkveTis an sxvagvarad zemoqmedebis mcdeloba movle­nebis Cveulebrivi ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi gamiznulad ar unda miiCqmalos xelisuflebis mier (ix. aseve punqti 58). pirma unda SeZlos mimarTos xelmisawvdom legitimur saSu alebebs, raTa Tavisuflebis dacvis mizniT daupirispirdes xelisfulebis qmedebebs (ix. bozano, mocemulia zemoT, §§ 59 60; Samaevi da sx­vebi saqarTvelosa da ruseTis winaaRmdeg, №. 36378/02, § 380,

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adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT lo 2005 III). rodesac sasworze pirovnebis Tavisuflebaa, ganskuTrebiT mniSvnelovania iuridiuli utyuarobis zogadi principi dakmayofilebuli iyos. mniSvnelovania, rom moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, iseve rogorc xelisu flebis formaluri gadawyvetilebebi da moqmedebebi, misaRebi da erTmniSvnelovania imdenad, rom saWiroe­bis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi rCevis meSveobiT pirs SeuZlia moce­mul viTare baSi, saRi azris farglebSi gansazRvros mocemuli qmedebis Sedegebi (ix. gusinski ruseTis winaaRmdeg, № 70276/01, §§ 62 da 68, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo 2004 IV; ladenti poloneTis winaaRmdeg, №11036/03, §§ 53 da 56, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo 2008 ...; ka vka polo­neTis winaaRmdeg, №. 25874/94, § 49, 9 ianvari 2001; lukanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, 1997 wlis 20 mar­tis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1997 II, § 44). sasamarTlom miiC­nia, rom dakavebas iuridiuli utyuarobis principebis ugule­belyofiT principSi SeeZlo gamoewvia pirovnebis usafrTxoebis uflebis darRveva (ix. ojalani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], № 46221/99, §85, adamianis ufle baTa evropuli sasamarTlo 2005 IV).

1. winamdebare saqmis garemoebebis Seswavlisas sasamarT lo miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadeblisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sedarebisas konvenciis mexuTe muxlis pirvel punqtTan, Se sabamisi gadawyvetilebebis garda, aseve gasaTvaliswine­belia 2004 wlis 30 marts misi dapatimrebis Tanxmlebi garemoebebi.

2. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom Canawerebis Tanaxmad ganmcxade­blis mier 2004 wlis 30 marts vake­saburTalos raio­nis prokuraturaSi sakuTari nebiT gamocxadebamde Se­sabamis organoebs ganmcxadeblisTvis arc erTxel ar ucnobebiaT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvris SesaZle­blobis Sesaxeb. ganmcxadebeli gamocxadda mowmis sax­iT dasakiTxad mkvlelobis saqmeze, romelSic misi Zma figurirebda. amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom nebismieri Zaladoba ganmcxadebelze mis mier Zmis

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winaaRmdeg Cvenebis micemasTan dakavSirebiT, sssk 95 muxlis pirvel punqts arRvevs, romlis mixedviTac is aseTi valdebulebisgan Tavisufalia (ix. §33). principSi, eWvi ganmcxadeblis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis ukanano Senaxva/tarebis Sesaxeb ver gamoiricxeba – warmoad gens ra misi dapatimrebis erTaderT formalur safuZvels da es eWvi SesaZloa misi dakiTxvis procesSi warmoSo­biliyo.

miuxedavad amisa, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom es eWvi, Semdgomi braldeba da dapatimrebis safuZveli eyrd­noba samxils, romelic ukve mopovebuli iyo mkvlelobis saq­mis gamoZiebis procesSi 2003 wlis ivnisisa da ivlisis gan­mavlobaSi (ix. §§ 18, 21 da 23). sasamarTlo aseve aRniS navs, rom mTavrobam ar daasabuTa gamWvirvalobis nakleboba da ar ganmarta, Tu ratom ar aRiZra cecxlsasroli iaraRs ukanono Senaxvisa da tarebis saqme ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg danaSau­lebrivi faqtebis gagebisTanave, da meore, ratom gaxda saWiro ase saswrafod misi dapatimreba prokuraturaSi misi mowmed gamocxadebisTanave (ix. stepuleaci moldovas winaaR mdeg, №. 8207/06, § 76, 6 noemberi, 2007). 56. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom dairRva pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufle ba misi iseT vi­TarebaSi dapatimrebis safuZvelze, rodesac es pirovneba ar iyo informirebuli mis winaaRdeg aRZruli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sesaxeb da Tavisuflebis am saxiT aRkveTa konvenciis mexuTe muxlis pirvel (g) pun qts ewinaaRmdegeba, gamovlinda ra erovnuli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis mxridan ukanonobis faqtebi (ix. ladenti, mocemulia zemoT, §§ 45 and 55­57). ganmcxadeblis dakavebis garemoebebi miT ufro SemaS foTebelia. misi rogorc mkvlelobis saqmis gamoZiebisTvis mniSvnelovani mowmesTan TanamSromlobis paralelurad §§ 8,9,18) Sesabamis organoebs, rogorc Cans, SecdomaSi Sehyav daT ganmcxadebeli mis mimarT namdvili interesis Taobaze. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom

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aseTi meTodebi araTu Zirs uTxris iuridiul utyuarobas da Sesabamisad, winamdebare saqmis mag aliTze, mowmed gamoZaxebul pirebSi piradi safrTxis ganc das aRvivebs, aramed aseve Zirs uTxris farTo sazogadoebis ndobasa da pativiscemas Sesabamisi organoebis mimarT. 57. ganmcxadeblis dapatimrebis motivebTan dakavSirebiT sa­

samarTlo iTvaliswinebs ganmcxadeblis varauds, romlis ga­saCivreba mTavrobis mxridan ar momxdara, imis Taobaze, rom Sesabamisi organoebis warmomadgenelebi mudmivad aSinebdnen mis mSoblebs, rom „daiWerdnen~ mas, Tu misi mkvleloba­Si eWvmitanili Zma prokuraturaSi ar gamocxaddeboda (ix. §17). es varaudi, sasamarTlos azriT, ndobas imsaxurebs erovnuli xelisuflebis organoebis mier ganmcxadeblis wi­naswari patimrobis mizezebis Sefasebis fonze. amgvarad, arc gamoZiebis da arc sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgen­lebma ar uaryves faqti, rom ganmcxadeblis dakavebis mizezi iyo misi Zmis sisxlis samarTlis saqmis saTanado gamoZiebis uzrunvelyofa (ix. §§ 22 da 24). am viTarebaSi sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis dapatimreba, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu is Seesabameboda Sida kanonmdeblobas, konvenciis mexuTe muxlis pirvel punqts ewinaaRmdegeboda, radgan miznad isax­avda damatebiTi zewolis meqanizmis mopovebas daukavSirebel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, rac miuRebelia zemoxsenebu­li (g) qvepunqtis mixedviT (ix. zemoT moyvanili, gusinski, moce mulia zemoT §§ 74 77). 58. sasamarTlo ar gamoricxavs erovnuli xelisuflebis

uflebamosilebas mimarTos garkveul xrikebs kriminaluri saqmianobis winaaRmdeg efeqturi brZolis TvalsazrisiT (ix. ze­moT moyvanili Conka, §41). miuxedavad amisa, yvela meTodi/xriki gamarTlebuli ver iqneba, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac misi gamoy­eneba samarTlebrivi utyuarobis principebis ugule belyofiT xdeba. winamdebare saqmis konkretuli garemoebe bidan gamomdi­nare, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenel­Ta meTodebi – dapatimrebis perspeqtiva ro gorc moraluri zewolis meqanizmi – aSkaras xdis, rom misi (ganmcxadeblis)

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Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ver akmayofilebs kon venciis mexuTe mux­lis pirvel punqts, romelic pirovnebis ukanonobisgan dacvas gulisxmobs (ix. benhami gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, sa­samarTlo procesi 10 ivnisi 1996, an gariSebi 1996 III, gverdebi. 752­53, § 43). sasamarTlos azriT, ukanonobisgan dacva aucile­blad gulisxmobs ganmcxadeblis dacvas misi Tavisuflebis Se­bRalvis safrTxisgan.

59. zemoxsenebul garemoebaTa gamo sasamarTlom konven­ciis me­5 (1) muxli darRveulad miiCnia.~ (...) `91. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis muxli 5 § 4 aniWebs dakavebul pirs uflebas, moiTxovos, rom warudgi non sasamarTlos yvela im proceduruli da arsebiTi pi robebis dacviT, rac aucilebelia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis „samarTlianobis~ konvenciuri pirobe­biT (ix. sxva bevr ufle bamosilebaTa Soris, brogani da sx­vebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1988 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetileba, seria „a~ № 145­„b`, gv. 34­35, §65). saqmiswar­moeba SejibrebiTobis principiT unda gaimarTos da yovelTvis daculi unda iyos „mxareTa Tanasworoba~. im piris SemTxvevaSi, romlis daka veba konveciis me­5 muxlis I nawilis (c) punqtis Sesabamisad xdeba, aucilebelia, rom gaimarTos zepiri mosmena (ix. sxva uflebamosilebaTa Soris, nikolova bulgareTis wi­naaRmdeg [GC], № 31195/96, § 58, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa samarTlo 1999­II).

92. konvenciis me­5 muxlis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, kom­petenturi sasamarTlo movale iyo Seemowmebina ara mxolod dakavebis Sesabamisoba erovnuli kanonmdeblobis procedu rul wesebTan, aramed gamoerkvia eWvis safuZvlianoba, ro melic piris dakavebis safuZveli gaxda, agreTve dakavebis miznis kanoniereba Seemowmebina (ix. brogani da sxvebi, moce mulia zemoT, gv. 34 35, §65). iq, sadac iurisdiqciis meore done arsebobs amgvari saqmeebis mimarT, igive garantiebi unda arsebobdes (ix. navara safrangeTis winaaRmdeg, 1993 wlis 23 noembris gadawyvetileba, seria „a~ № 273­e „b~, § 28; toTi avstriis winaaRmdeg, 1991 wlis 12 dekembris gadawyvetileba, seria „a~ № 224, § 84).

93. winamdebare saqmis problemas rom mivubrundeT – sa­

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samarTlo ganxilva zepiri mosmenis gareSe 2005 wlis 24 ian­vars – sasamarTlom daadgina, rom am garemoebebSi, amis gamo moxda gadaxveva SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworo bis pri­nipebidan. aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis sap roceso kod­eqsis 417­e muxlis me­2 da me­3 punqtebis Sesa bamisad, kompe­tenturma sasamarTlom, in camera, ganmcxadebeli sasamarTlos gadasca da avtorizacia gasca misi patimrobis gagrZelebis Ses­axeb zepiri mosmenis gareSe. prokurorisgan sabraldebo daskvnis miRebis Semdeg, am ukanasknelis pozi ciasTan erTad, ganmcxade­blis dakavebis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb (muxli 410 § 2 da sssk­s muxli 412), sasamarTlom ganixila da ar Secvala arc im eWvis mizanSewoniloba, rom ganmcxade belma danaSauli Caidina, da arc ganmcxadeblis patimrobaSi dabruneba, aRniSnulTan dakavSire­biT ganmcxadeblis werilo biTi komentarebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. faqtobrivad, ar arsebobda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebuleba werilo biTi Sepasuxebis gacvlis gareSe mxareebs Soris saqmiswar moebis etapze sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 417­e muxlis Sesabamisad.

94. amgvarad, rogorc erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da praq­tikis mixedviT, prokuraturas hqonda privilegia miemarTa sa­samarTlosTvis saqmiswarmoebis adreul etapze dapatim rebis Taobaze Sesabamisi argumentebiT, xolo mxares ar hqon da Ses­aZlebloba daefiqsirebinda sakuTari pozicia werilo biTi an zepiri formiT. Sesabamisad, 2005 wlis 24 ianvris sasamarTlo ganxilva SejibrebiTobis principis dacviT ar gaimarTa. aseve ar iqna daculi mxareTa Tanasworobis prin cipi (ix. iliJkovi, moyvanilia zemoT, § 104; j.k., moyvanilia zemoT, § 93; kavka, moyvanilia zemoT, § 60; trJaska polo neTis winaaRmdeg, № 25792/94, § 78, 2000 wlis 11 ivlisi; fodali italiis wi­naaRmdeg, № 70148/01, § 43, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa­samarTlo 2006 VII; osvaTi ungreTis winaaRmdeg, № 20723/02, § 18, 2005 wlis 5 ivlisi).

95. sabolood, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom darRveuli iyo gadawyvetilebis miRebis formac – blanki, romelSic mignebebi winaswar aris CabeWdili _ rac mianiSnebs imaze, adgilobrivi

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sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ganmcxadeblis dakavebis Sesaxeb ar aris miRebuli Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi wesebis dacviT (ix. belevicki ruseTis winaaRmdeg, № 72967/01, § 111, 2007 wlis 1 marti).

96. zemoxsenebuli ganxilvebis WrilSi, sasamarTlom daad­gina, rom 2005 wlis 24 ianvris gadawyvetileba konven ciis me­5 muxlis me­4 punqtis moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebs.

97. Sesabamisad, dadginda me­5 muxlis me­4 punqtis dar­Rveva33.~

samwuxarod, zemoT citirebul saqmeebSi dafiqsirebuli darRvevebi kvlavac xSirad meordeba sxvadasxva saqmeSi, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom saqarTvelos sagamoZiebo da marTlm­sajulebis organoebs kidev bevri aqvT samuSao saimisod, rom maTi gadawyvetilebebi SesabamisobaSi movides adamianis ufle­baTa evropuli konvenciis standartebTan.

33 http://www.justice.gov.ge/files/Documents/adam/gadawyvetilebebi/giorgi_nikolaishvili.pdf

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Tavi IX _ winasasamarTlo sxdoma

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis siste maSi winasasamarTlo sxdoma Zalze mniSvnelovani Sualeduri etapia. swored am etapze unda gairkves, aris Tu ara mo cemuli piris braldebis saqme sakmarisad kargad momzade buli imisaTvis, rom igi arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis gadaeces sasamarTlos. amdenad, es Sualeduri etapi braldebulisaT vis SeiZleba misi saqmis sa­sikeTod damagvirgvinebel etapadac ki iqces, Tu winasasamarT­lo sxdomis mosamarTlem miiRo gadawyvetileba braldebulis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.

aqedan gamomdinare, dacvis mxares marTebs jerovani mniS­vneloba mianiWos am etaps da yovelgvari zoma miiRos am etapisaTvis saTanadod mosamzadeblad.

winasasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebis vada moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 208­e mux­

lis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlo sxdo mis Cat­arebis TariRs gansazRvravs magistrati mosamarTle, romelsac braldebuli pirvelad warudgines.

imave muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlo sx­domis TariRis gansazRvrisas magistrati mosamarTle iTval­iswinebs mxareTa pozicias, saqmis sirTulesa da moculo bas. mosamarTlem mxareebs sakmarisi dro da saSualeba unda misces dacvisa da braldebis mosamzadeblad.

imave muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlo sx doma unda gaimarTos piris dakavebidan an braldebulad cno bidan (Tu is ar daukavebiaT) ara ugvianes 60 dRisa. mxares ufleba aqvs, sasamarTlos mimarTos dasabuTebuli Suamd gomlobiT aRniSnuli vadis gonivrul vadamde gagrZelebis an Semcirebis Sesaxeb, ris Taobazedac unda acnobos meore mxares. meore mxare uflebamo­silia sakuTari mosazrebebi werilobiT warudginos sasamarT­los Suamdgomlobis ward genidan 3 dRis vadaSi. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg sasamarTlo Suamdgomlobas ganixilavs zepiri mosmenis gareSe. miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar saCivrdeba.

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braldebulisaTvis braldebis arsis ganmartebamoqmedi kodeqsis 219­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad,

Tu braldebulis magistrat mosamarTlesTan pirveli wardgenis Semdeg braldeba Seicvala, winasasamarTlo sxdo maze mosamar­Tle braldebuls ganumartavs braldebis arss da am braldebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis zomas.

gamoZiebis Catarebis Sedegad braldeba SeiZleba Seicvalos rogorc damZimebis, ise Semsubuqebis kuTxiT. cxadia, rom bral­debis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia braldebu lisaTvis braldebis arsis ganmarteba iseve, rogorc es xde ba xolme pirveli braldebis wardgenisas. mxolod, winasasamarTlo sxdo­maze am proceduris Sesrulebis valdebuleba winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTles akisria.

sasamarTlos valdebuleba, gamoarkvios, cnobs Tu ara bral-debuli Tavs damnaSaved

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 219 e mux­lis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze mosamar­Tle arkvevs, cnobs Tu ara braldebuli Tavs damnaSaved ward­genil braldebaSi da ra moculobiT, da saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SesaZleblobas. am SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli debulebebi saproceso SeTanx mebis Sesaxeb.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis ganmarteba

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 219­e mux­lis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu braldebuls brali wauy enes nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadi danaSaulis Cad enisaTvis, mosamarTle valdebulia braldebuls ganumartos nafic msa­julTa sasamarTlos debulebebi da masTan dakavSirebuli bral­debulis uflebebi. amis Semdeg mosamarTle arkvevs, amboben Tu ara mxareebi uars nafic msajulTa sa samarTloze. Tu mxareebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze uars erToblivad ar ganacxadeben, mosamarTle niSnavs nafic msa julTa SerCevis sxdomis TariRs.

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Suamdgomlobebi mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Taobaze moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 219­e mux­

lis me­4 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle ganixilavs mxareTa Suamdgomlobebs mt­kicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Taobaze.

arsebiTad, winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTlis es mova­leoba erT­erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania sxva movaleobebs So­ris, radgan swored amgvari Suamdgomlobebis (Tu isini iqneba warmodgenili) Sedegze iqneba umeteswilad damokide buli, ga­dascems Tu ara winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle mocemul saqmes arsebiTad gansaxilvelad.

citirebuli norma migviTiTebs, rom swored winasasamarT­lo sxdomaze unda moxdes mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Ses axeb Suamdgomlobebis wardgena. Tu dacvam aseTi Suamdgom lobebi ar waradgina winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, SemdgomSi amis gakeTeba SesaZloa Zalian gvian iyos.

moqmedi kodeqsis 239­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, mar­Talia, damatebiTi mtkicebulebis wardgena saqmis arsebiTi ganx­ilvis drosac SeiZleba, razec sasamarTlo ganixilavs Suamd­gomlobas aseTi damatebiTi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobis Taobaze, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo arkvevs Tu ra mizeziT ar moxda saqmis arsebiT ganxilvamde mtkicebulebis wardgena. da Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom mtkicebuleba savsebiT SesaZlebe­li iyo wardgeniliyo arsebiT ganxilvamde, anu winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, da mxarem Tavisive daudevrobis gamo ar waradgina igi droulad, savaraudoa, rom sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs Sua­mdgomlobas damatebiTi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebad miCnevis Tao­baze. mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos SeiZleba warudginos orive mxarem – rogorc braldebam, ise dacvam. aqedan gamomdinare, Sesabamisad, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze TiToeuli mxaris amo­canaa, miaRwios rac SeiZleba meti sakuTari mtkicebulebis dasaSvebad da, meore mxriv, rac SeiZleba meti mowinaaRmdege mxaris mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobas.

moqmedi kodeqsis 72­e muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, ̀ bral­debis mxaris mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa da dacvis mx aris

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mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralm­debels.~ magram aseTi privilegirebuli mdgomareoba braldebis mxaresTan mimarTebiT ar unda iqnes gagebuli ise, TiTqos dac­vis mxares SeuZlia gulze xeli daikrifos da araferi iRonos garda imisa, rom mSvidad uyuros, arTmevs Tu ara Tavs braldeba mtkicebis tvirTis zidvis valdebulebas.

dacvam unda warmoadginos myari argumentebi imisaTvis, raTa dausabuTos sasamarTlos braldebis mtkicebulebebis dauSve­blad miCnevisa da dacvis mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebad cnobis aucilebloba.

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis debule bebi mtkicebulebaTa dauSveblad cnobis Taobaze kodeqsis sxvadasxva nawilSia mimobneuli. mniSvnelovania, rom ganvixi loT am deb­ulebaTa Soris yvelaze ZiriTadi.

dauSvebeli mtkicebulebis zogadi ganmartebamoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 72­e mux­

lis pirveli nawili gvTavazobs dauSvebeli mtkicebulebis zogad ganmartebas:

`am kodeqsis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebuli mtkiceb uleba da amgvari mtkicebulebis safuZvelze kanonierad mop ovebuli sxva mtkicebuleba, Tu is auaresebs braldebulis samarTlebriv mdgomareobas, dauSvebelia da iuridiuli Zala ar gaaCnia.~

rogorc zemoaRniSnuli ganmartebidan ikveTeba, arsebobs dauSvebel mtkicebulebaTa ori kategoria. pirveli katego ria im mtkicebulebebs moicavs, romlebic moqmedi kodeqsis `arsebiTi darRveviT aris mopovebuli~. meore kategoria ki moicavs iseT mtkicebulebebs, romlebic TavisTavad kanoni erad aris mopove­buli, magram gamomdinareobs iseTi mtkice bulebisagan, romelic am kodeqsis arsebiTi darRveviT aris mopovebuli.

`mowamluli xis doqtrina~ es meore principi asaxavs saxarebiseul princips: `yovel man

xeman keTilman nayofi keTili gamoiRos, xolo xeman xeneSman nayofi xeneSi gamoiRos.~ sxva sityvebiT, Tu raime mtkicebuleba, Tundac kanonierad mopovebuli, ukanonod mop ovebuli mtkice­bulebis Sedegad aris miRebuli, iseve dauSve belia, rogorc

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Tavad es ukanonod mopovebuli mtkicebuleba. rom gaverkveT razea saubari, movixmoT advokatis da misi

klientis faruli miyuradebis magaliTi. rogorc cno bilia, ad­vokatsa da klients Soris nebismieri komunikacia konfiden­cialuria. davuSvaT, amis miuxedavad, gamomZiebelma advokati­sa da klientis satelefono saubris miyuradebis safuZvelze Seityo, rom klients sadRac agarakze, sardafSi, damaluli hqo­nia danaSaulis iaraRi. amis safuZvelze gamomZiebelma kanonis sruli dacviT, sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze Caatara aga­rakze Cxreka da amoiRo iaraRi. mar Talia, sakuTriv amoReba da Cxreka kanonis sruli dacviT moxda, magram, radgan informacia danaSaulis iaraRis adgil samyoflis Sesaxeb kanonis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebul mtkicebulebas daeyrdno (gamomZiebeli ve­rasdros gaigebda danaSaulis iaraRis adgilsamyofels, mas rom ar daerRvia kanoni da ar ganexorcielebina ukanono faruli miyuradeba), amitom arc aseTi Cxrekisa da amoRebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebaa dasaSvebi.

mtkicebuleba dauSvebelia Tu is auaresebsbraldebulis mdgomareobas

orive kategoriis dauSvebel mtkicebulebaTa dauSveblad miCnevis aucilebeli pirobaa, rom isini unda auaresebdnen bral­debulis samarTlebriv mdgomareobas.

es ki niSnavs, rom mtkicebuleba, romelic kodeqsis ar sebiTi darRveviT aris mopovebuli an `mowamluli xis doq trinis~ Tanaxmad, SeiZleboda miCneuliyo dauSvebel mtkice bulebad, Tu kanonierad aris mopovebuli, magram mowamluli xis nayofs war­moadgens, dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba ar iqneba, Tu igi aumjobe­sebs braldebulis mdgomareobas.

ras niSnavs `arsebiTi darRveva~? yovelTvis, rodesac kanoni aseTi SefasebiTi kategoriebiT

operirebs, warmoiSoba kiTxva, Tu konkretulad ra igulisx­meba amgvar terminebSi. bevri ram sasamarTlo praqtikaze iqneba damokidebuli. magram aseve didi mniSvneloba eniWeba advoka­

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tis unars, yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi dausabuTos sasamarT­los, rom mocemuli darRveva arsebiTi xasiaTisaa, radgan igi mniSvnelovnad auaresebs braldebulis mdgomareo bas savaraudo SedegTan mimarTebiT.

bunebrivia, rom `arsebiTi darRvevis~ kategoriaSi moTavs­deba yvela is SemTxveva, romlis drosac kodeqsi pirda pir miuTiTebs mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis Taobaze.

wamebis, Zaladobisa da sxva ukanono qmedebebis Sedegadmopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me­4 mux­lis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad: `dauSvebelia adamianis nebis Tavisu­flebaze zemoqmedeba wamebis, Zaladobis, sastiki mopyrobis, mo­tyuebis, samedi cino Carevis, hipnozis, aseve sxva iseTi RonisZie­bebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic zemoqmedebs adamianis mexsierebaze an azrovnebaze. agreTve dauSvebelia muqara an iseTi SeRavaTebis dapireba, romlebic kanoniT ar aris gaTval iswinebuli.~ cxadia, rom amgvari akrZaluli qmedebebis Sedegad mop ovebuli nebism­ieri mtkicebuleba dauSvebel mtkicebulebas warmoadgens.

mtkicebulebaTa dauSvebloba dakavebuli pirisaTvismisi uflebebis ganumartaobis gamo

rogorc zemoT ukve aRiniSna (ix. punqtebi 1.7.1 da 1.7.2), moqmedi kodeqsis 174­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu arsebobs dakavebis safuZveli, damkavebeli moxele valdebu lia:

− dakavebuls gasagebi formiT Seatyobinos, rom igi da­kavebulia;

− ganumartos, ra danaSaulis CadenaSia is braldebuli; − acnobos, rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da

kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli, da rom yvelaferi, ra­sac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoy­enebuli sasamarTloSi.

imave 174­e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo winadadebis Tanaxmad, aseTi ganmartebis gareSe dakavebis iuridiuli Sedegi

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is iqneba, rom dauSvebel mtkicebulebad unda iqnes cnobili yvela is gancxadeba, romelic dakavebulma zemoT aRwerili ganmartebis miRebamde gaakeTa.

braldebulis mier micemuli Cvenebis nebayofilobiTobisSemowmeba

dumilis uflebidan gamomdinare, Zalze mniSvnelovania im faqtis dadgena, Tu ramdenad nebayofilobiT misca bralde bulma Cveneba. dauSvebelia braldebulze Tundac arapirda piri zegav­lenis ganxorcieleba, raTa misces Cveneba. aSS­Si dauSvebeli mt­kicebulebaa nebismieri ganacxadeba, romelic braldebulma gaake­Ta im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac bralde buli oficialurad ki ar ikiTxeba, aramed mas policiis oficeri ubralod `esaubreba~34.

aseTi `gasaubreba~ dakiTxvis `funqciur ekvivalentad~ miiCne­va.

35 amasTan, braldebis mxares ekisreba mtkicebis tvirTi, raTa gonivrul eWvs miRma daamtkicos, rom braldebulis mier ga­keTebuli gancxadebebi nebayofilobiTi da spontanuri iyo.

36

rodesac braldebuli uars ambobs dumilis uflebis gamo­yenebaze, aseTi uari nebayofilobiTi da Segnebuli unda iyos. am mxrivac, mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares ekisreba. 37

saproceso SeTanxmebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganaCenis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi saproceso SeTanxmebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dasaSveboba

moqmedi kodeqsis 214­e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarT­lo gaauqmebs saproceso SeTanxmebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb sa­samarTlos ganaCens an braldebuli TviTon ganacxadebs uars saproceso SeTanxmebaze, dauSvebelia braldebulis mier mice­muli Cvenebis mis sawinaaRmdegod gamoyeneba.

34 People v. Land, 24 Misc.3d 1204(A)(Dist. Ct., Nassau Co. 2009; People v. Creary, 61 A.D.3d 887, 889 (2d Dept. 2009); People v. Graham, 48 A.D.3d 265, 266 (1st Dept. 2008)

35 Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 300-301 & n.8 (1980)36 People v. Huntley, 15 N.Y.2d 72, 78 (1965); People v. Chase, 85 N.Y.2d 493,

499-500 (1995).37 People v. Diaz, 291 A.D.2d 409 (2d Dept. 2002)

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mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebisas,romlis dro da adgili braldebulisTvis cnobili ar iyo

moqmedi kodeqsis me­40 muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad: ̀ bral­debuls droulad unda Seatyobinon misi an/da misi advokatis SuamdgomlobiT Casatarebeli sagamoZiebo moq medebis Catarebis dro da adgili. braldebuls ara aqvs misi Catarebis arasapatio mizeziT gadadebis moTxovnis ufleba. Tu braldebuli dapatim­rebulia da hyavs advo kati, aseT sagamoZiebo moqmedebas eswreba misi advokati, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac am sagamoZiebo moqmede baSi braldebulis uSualo monawileoba aucilebelia. Tu braldebuls an/da mis advokats gonivrul vadaSi ar ec noba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis dro da adgili, aseTi saga­moZiebo moqmedeba ar unda Catardes, xolo Catarebuli saga­moZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebuleba dauSve­blad unda iqnes cnobili.~

mtkicebulebaTa dauSvebloba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis daw­yebis Segnebulad gaWianurebis dros

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 169­e mux­lis me­9 nawilis Tanaxmad:

`pirs ufleba aqvs, braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis ga­dacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi, am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT Seitanos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis Segnebu lad gaWianurebis Taobaze saCivari zemdgom prokuror­Tan an gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, romelic saCivars ixilavs misi Sesvlidan 3 dRe­Ramis vadaSi. sasamarTlo ufle­bamosilia saCivari ganixilos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. saCivris dakmayofileba aris am piris mimarT aRniSnul braldebasTan dakavSire biT arsebuli yvela im mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobis safuZveli, romelic mopovebul iqna gamoZiebis dros, mas Semdeg, rac Seiqmna piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis sakmarisi safuZveli.~

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sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 112­e mux­lis pirveli nawiliT dadgenilia zogadi wesi sagamoZiebo mo­qmedebebis mimarT:

`sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, romelic zRudavs kerZo sakuTre bas, mflobelobas an piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas, tardeba mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlos ganCinebiT.~

piris binaSi, manqanaSi an sxva saxis mflobelobaSi Cxre kis da amoRebis Catareba erT­erTi iseTi sagamoZiebo moq medebaa, romelic zRudavs kerZo sakuTrebas, mflobelobas an piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas.

maSasadame, es sagamoZiebo moqmedeba sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze unda Catardes. Tu sasamarTlos ganCineba ar ar­sebobs, maSin Cxreka da amoReba ukanonoa, xolo aseTi Cxrekis da amoRebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebuleba – do kumentebi, iaraRi Tu sxva – dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa.

imave 112­e muxlis me­2 nawilSi dadgenilia, rom: `sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos: misi Sed­

genis TariRi da adgili; mosamarTlis gvari; piri, romel mac mas SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa; gankarguleba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, imis zusti miTiTebiT, Tu ra aris misi arsi da visze vrceldeba is; ganCinebis moq medebis vada; piri an or­gano, romelmac unda Seasrulos ganCineba; mosamarTlis xel­mowera (maT Soris, eleqtro nuli).~

imave 112­e muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad: `Cxrekis an amoRebis ganCinebaSi agreTve aRniSnuli unda

iyos: is uZrav­moZravi qoneba, sadac nebadarTulia saga moZiebo moqmedebis Catareba, da is fizikuri an iuridi uli piri, ro­melic mas flobs (Tu misi vinaoba cnobi lia); fizikuri piri, romlis piradi Cxrekac unda Cat ardes; Cxrekis an amoRebis dros aRmosaCeni da amosaRebi savaraudo sagani, nivTi, nivTiere­ba an sxva obieqti da misi gvareobiTi niSnebi...~.

radgan kanoni aseT rekvizitebs imperatiulad adgens, TiToeuli aseTi rekvizitis darRveva SeiZleba arsebiTad iqnes

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miCneuli da, amdenad, Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis dauSve blad miC­nevis safuZveli gaxdes. yovel SemTxvevaSi, damcvels araferi uSlis xels saimisod, rom daayenos Suamdgomloba romelime aseTi rekvizitis darRvevis Sedegad gacemuli ganCinebis safuZ­velze amoRebuli mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobis Taobaze.

rodesac aseT ganCinebaze vsaubrobT, ar unda dagvavi wydes, rom igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarT los saga­moZiebo kolegiaSi. Sesabamisad, mtkicebulebis dauS veblobis aucilebeli winapiroba am SemTxvevaSi is iqneba, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiam ganCineba ukanonod cnos da gaauqmos.

Zaladakarguli ganCinebis safuZvelze Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSveblobameore sakiTxia, rom SesaZloa sasamarTlos ganCineba imave

Cxrekisa da amoRebis Catarebis Taobaze mopovebul iqnes, magram Cxreka da amoReba kanoniT dadgenili vadis gasvlis Semdeg Cat­ardes.

magaliTad, 112­e muxlis me­3 nawilis bolo winadadebaSi miTiTebulia, rom:

`Cxrekis an amoRebis ganCineba Zaladakargulia, Tu es saga­moZiebo moqmedeba ar dawyebula 30 dRis vadaSi.~

maSasadame, Tundac braldebis mxarem moipovos sasamarT los ganCineba Cxrekis da amoRebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, Tu es sagamoZie­bo moqmedeba ganCinebis gamotanidan 30 dRis Semdeg Catarda, igi ukanono iqneba, xolo aseTi ukanono sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebuleba – dauSvebeli.

gadaudebeli aucileblobisas Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moq medebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba

kanoni iTvaliswinebs iseT SemTxvevebsac, rodesac e.w. „gadaudebeli aucileblobisas~ sagamoZiebo moqmedeba SeiZleba Catardes sasamarTlo ganCinebis gareSec, gamomZieblis dadge­nilebis safuZvelze.

112­e muxlis me­5 nawilis Tanaxmad aseT dros sagamoZie bo

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moqmedebis dawyebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi mosamarTles unda waredginos Suamdgomloba misi kanonierebis Semowmebis Sesaxeb.

Tu aseTi ram saerTod ar moxda, an 24­saaTiani vadis mniS­vnelovani darRveviT moxda, anda ar arsebobda `gadaudebeli aucilebloba~, maSin sagamoZiebo moqmedeba ukanonoa, xolo mis safuZvelze mopovebuli mtkicebuleba – kvlav dauSvebeli.

guldasmiT unda Semowmdes, arsebobda Tu ara sinamdvile­Si gadaudebeli aucilebloba, Tu gamomZiebelma `gadaudebel aucileblobad~ Seafasa sruliad rigiTi situacia. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic unda gvaxsovdes, rom aucilebelia ganCinebis ga­saCivreba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da vadebSi.

kanoniT dadgenili wesis darRveviT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba magram davuSvaT, rom amoReba da Cxreka sasamarTlo gan­

Cinebis safuZvelze, an, gadaudebeli aucileblobis SemTx vevaSi, gamomZieblis dadgenilebis safuZvelze Catarda da mogvianebiT mosamarTlis mier igi kanonierad iqna cnobili. anu, am mxriv problema ar arsebobs. magram kanoni amoRebisa da Cxrekis Cat­arebis konkretul wesebs adgens. magaliTad, 120­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad:

„amoRebis an Cxrekis dawyebis win gamomZiebeli valdebu lia sasamarTlos ganCineba, xolo gadaudebeli aucile blobis SemTx­vevaSi – dadgenileba gaacnos pirs, romelT anac tardeba amoReba an Cxreka. ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) gacnobas piri adasturebs xelmoweriT.~

Tu gamomZiebelma ar Seasrula kanonis es moTxovna – ar gaacno pirs ganCineba an dadgenileba – maSin arsebiTad dar­Rveulia kanonis moTxovna. Sesabamisad, aseT dros amoRebuli mtkicebuleba isev dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa.

Cxrekis da amoRebis akrZalva konstituciuri garantiebissawinaaRmdegod

moqmedi kodeqsis 123­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `dauSvebelia masmediis, gamomcemlobis redaqciaSi, samec­

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niero, saganmanaTleblo, religiur, sazogadoebriv orga nizaciasa da politikuri partiis saTavsSi arsebuli im sagnis, dokumen­tis, nivTierebis Tu informaciis Semcveli sxva samecniero, saganmanaTleblo obieqtis Cxreka, amoRe ba an/da dayadaReba, rom­lis mimarTac arsebobs sajarod gavrcelebis gonivruli molo­dini.~

cxadia, rom aseTi akrZaluli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sede­gad mopovebuli nebismieri mtkicebuleba dauSveblad unda iqnes cnobili. Tumca, amasTanave, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli is gamonaklisebic, romlebsac 123­e muxlis me­2 da me­3 nawile­bi iTvaliswinebs.

mtkicebulebaTa damagrebis wesis darRveviT warmodgenilimtkicebulebis dauSvebloba

Zalze mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, Tu ramdenad swored da skrupulozulad aris daculi is, rasac tradiciulad `mt­kicebulebaTa saproceso damagreba~ ewodeba (Tumca, aseTi ter­mini moqmed kodeqsSi ar gvxvdeba).

magaliTad, axali kodeqsis 120­e muxlis me­6 nawili moiTxovs, rom:

`Cxrekis an amoRebis dros aRmoCenili sagani, doku­menti, nivTiereba Tu informaciis Semcveli sxva obieqti, Tu SesaZlebelia, amoRebamde unda waredginos am sagamoZie­bo moqmedebaSi monawile pirebs, Semdeg amoRebul iqnes, dawvrilebiT aRiweros, dailuqos da SesaZleblobis Sem­Tx­vevaSi SeifuTos. SefuTul nivTze luqis garda aRin iSneba TariRi da im pirTa xelmowerebi, romlebic monaw ileobdnen sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi ar dailuqeba dokumenti, romlis amoRebac xdeba misi Sinaarsis gamo.~ Tu aRwerili proceduridan romelime wesi ar aris dac uli,

an darRveulia luqis, SefuTvis an TviTon amoRebuli sagnis mTlianoba, anda saerTod ar aris an ar ikiTxeba saTa nado piris xelmowera, amoRebuli sagani dauSvebel mtkiceb ulebad unda iqnes miCneuli.

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mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba amocnobis wesis darRvevisas moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 131­e muxli

adgens amocnobis wess. kerZod, am muxlis 1­li – me­5 nawilebis Tanaxmad:

1. gamoZiebis dros amosacnobad wardgena tardeba amomc­nobis TanxmobiT.

2. amosacnobad wardgenamde amomcnobi am kodeqsiT gaT­valiswinebuli wesiT unda gamoikiTxos amosacnobi obieqtis individualuri da gvareobiTi niSan­Tvisebebis Taobaze da im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelSic mas Sexeba hqonda amosacnob obieqtTan. amocnobisas amomcnobma unda ganmartos, ra niSan­TvisebebiT amoicno amosacnobi obieqti.

3. amomcnobs amosacnobi unda waredginos imave sqesis aranakleb 2 iseT pirTan erTad, romlebic erTmaneTisagan da amosacnobisagan mkveTrad ar gansxvavdebian garegnobiTa da tansacmliT.

4. amomcnobs amosacnobi obieqti unda waredginos aranak leb 2 sxva erTgvarovan saganTan erTad. amomcnobs sTavazoben, miuTiTos obieqti, romlis amocnobac SeuZlia, da ganmartos, ra niSan­TvisebebiT amoicno igi.

5. roca amomcnobisaTvis amosacnobi obieqtis amosacnobad wardgena SeuZlebelia an es dakavSirebulia aragonivrul ZalisxmevasTan, amocnoba SeiZleba Catardes fotosuraTiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi amomcnobs unda waredginos aranakleb 3 sxva fotosuraTi, romlebze aRbeWdili obieqtebic mkveTrad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan da amosacnobisagan. fotosu­raTebis amosacnobad wardgena SesaZlebelia eleqtronuli formiT.~

zemoT citirebuli romelime wesis darRveva SeiZleba gax­des mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobis safuZveli, miuxe davad imisa, rom kodeqsSi amis Taobaze pirdapiri miTiTeba ar aris.

garda amisa, imave 131­e muxlis me­6 nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom:

`amocnoba ar tardeba, xolo Catarebuli amocnoba dauS­

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vebeli mtkicebulebaa, Tu amomcnobi miuTiTebs iseT ni San­Tvisebebze, romlebic sakmarisi ar aris amosacnobi obieqtis identifikaciisaTvis, an Tu amomcnobs mianiSnes amosacnob obi­eqtze.~

imave 131­e muxlis me­7 nawilis Tanaxmad: `amomcnobis mier amosacnobi obieqtis ganmeorebiT amoc noba

dauSvebelia, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca wina amoc noba foto­suraTiT Catarda.~

Sesabamisad, ganemorebiTi amocnoba dauSvebel mtkiceb ulebad unda iqnes miCneuli, Tu wina amocnoba fotosuraTiT ar Cat­arebula.

eqspertizis daskvnis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobamoqmedi kodeqsis 144­e muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad,

Tu saeqsperto kvlevis obieqti meore mxaresTan inaxeba, igi valdebulia gadasces obieqti eqspertizis iniciatori mx aris eqsperts. eqspertizis iniciatori mxare uflebamosilia Caata­ros eqspertiza. Tu mxare nebayoflobiT ver iRebs, igi ufle­bamosilia saeqsperto kvlevis obieqtis eqspertisaTvis gadace­mis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos sasamarTlos gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT.

imave muxlis me­31

nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu eqspertizis ini­ciatori mxaris eqspertma ver an ar uzrunvelyo saeqsper­to kvlevis obieqtis dacva, eqspertis daskvna dauSvebeli mt­kicebulebaa, xolo eqspertis mowmed dakiTxva dauSvebelia.

mtkicebulebis dauSvebloba misi warmomavlobis miuTiTeblobis SemTxvevaSi

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 72­e mux­lis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad:

„mxare valdebulia sasamarTlos miawodos informacia sa­kuTari mtkicebulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb~.

aRniSnuli norma aSkarad imperatiuli xasiaTisaa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mxare ver an ar miawodebs sasamarTlos in­formacias Tu saidan, visgan an/da ra garemoebebSi moipova mo­

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cemuli mtkicebuleba, maSin aseTi mtkicebuleba dauSveblad unda iqnes miCneuli.

aSkaraa, rom mxolod miTiTeba konkretul wyaroze sakma­risi ar unda iyos. aucilebeli iqneba aseTi miTiTebis dasab­uTebac – anu konkretuli mtkicebulebis warmodgena, iqneba es sagamoZiebo moqmedebis saTanado wesiT Sedgenili oqmi Tu sxva. magaliTad, Tu gamomZiebelma warmoadgina danaSaulis iaraRi, manve unda warmoadginos braldebulis piradi an misi binis Tu sxva mflobelobis Cxrekis da amoRebis oqmic. wi naaRmdeg SemTx­vevaSi martooden Tqma imisa, rom iaraRi bral debulisgan iqna amoRebuli, sakmarisi ar unda iyos.

mtkicebulebaTa dauSvebloba mtkicebulebaTa gadmocemis wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 83­e mux­lis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze dac vis mxaris moTxovna braldebis mxaris im informaciis gacnobis Taobaze, romlis mtkicebulebad sasamarT­loSi wardgenasac braldebis mxare apirebs, dauyovnebliv unda dakmayofildes. braldebis mxare aseve valdebulia am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi dacvis mxares gadasces mis xelT arsebuli gamamarTlebeli mtkiceb ulebebi.~

am debulebidan ramdenime aspeqts unda mieqces yuradReba: a) braldebis xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb in­

formaciis moTxovna dacvis mxares SeuZlia procesis nebi smier stadiaze: e.i. sisxlis samarTlis devnis dawyebisas, gamoZiebis procesSi, saqmis sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Semdeg, sasamarT­loSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros;

b) dacvis mxaris moTxovna dauyovnebliv unda dakmayo­fildes;

g) gadacemas eqvemdebareba ara mxolod gamamtyunebeli, ar­amed gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebebic.

Tumca, am normaSi pirdapir ar aris naTqvami Tu ramden jer SeuZlia dacvis mxares aseTi moTxovnis dayeneba, sityve bi `pro­

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cesis nebismier stadiaze~ imas unda gulisxmobdes, rom aseTi moTxovnis dayeneba dacvis mxares mravaljeradad SeuZlia.

sayuradReboa, rom moqmedi kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, romelime mxaris mier informaciis gacvlis moTxovnis Semdeg im momentisaTvis arsebuli masalis meo re mxarisaTvis sruli moculobiT gadaucemloba am masalis dauS­vebel mtkicebulebad miCnevis safuZvelia.

moqmedi kodeqsis 83­e muxlis me­6 nawilis Tanaxmad: `winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dRiT adre mxa reebma

erTmaneTs da sasamarTlos unda miawodon im momen tisaTvis maT xelT arsebuli sruli informacia, romlis mtkicebulebad sa­samarTloSi wardgenasac apireben.~

sanam winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dReze meti rCeba, erTi mxaris mier meorisaTvis informaciis gadacemis val­debulebis warmoSoba meore mxaris moTxovnazea damokide buli: Tu mxare ar iTxovs informacias, mas igi ar gadaecema. magram winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dRiT adre TiToeulma mxarem meores unda gadasces sruli informacia da amisaTvis ar aris saWiro meore mxaris moTxovna.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan daskvna is aris, rom dacvis mxarem imdenjer unda gamoiTxovos mowinaaRmdege mxarisagan infor­macia, ramdenjerac saWirod CavTvlis. umjobesia, es gakeTdes regularulad, raTa dacvis mxares ar gamoeparos raime mniS­vnelovani informacia.

iZulebiTi gamokiTxvis dauSvebloba moqmedi kodeqsis 113­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `nebismieri piri, romelic SesaZlebelia flobdes saqmisaT­

vis mniSvnelovan informacias, nebayoflobiT SeiZleba gamok­iTxul iqnes mxareTa mier. dauSvebelia gamo sakiTxi piri aiZu­lon, warmoadginos mtkicebuleba an gasces informacia.~

sadavo ar unda iyos, rom gamosakiTxi pirisagan iZulebis wesiT mopovebuli nebismieri informacia dauSvebeli mtkice­bulebaa.

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nivTieri da dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis dauSvebloba moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 77­e mux­

lis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad: `saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros mxolod is mtkicebule baa

dasaSvebi, romlis avTentikurobac dasturdeba.~ moqmedi kodeqsis 78­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `mxaris moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi dokuments mtkicebulebiTi

Zala aqvs, Tu cnobilia misi warmomavloba da is avTenti kuria. dokumenti an nivTieri mtkicebuleba dasaSvebi mt kicebulebaa, Tu mxares SeuZlia mowmed dahkiTxos piri, romelmac moipova/Seqmna igi an/da romelTanac inaxeboda sasamarTloSi wardge­namde.~

dabolos, moqmedi kodeqsis 248­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad:

`mxares ufleba aqvs, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris TanxmobiT moax­dinos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebis sxdomaze demonstrireba. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas mxolod is mtkicebulebaa dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba, romlis avTenti kurobac dasturdeba.~

zemoT citirebuli normebis safuZvelze SegviZlia Camo­vayaliboT nivTieri da dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis dasaS­vebobis moTxovnebi:

a) nivTieri da/an dokumenturi mtkicebuleba unda iyos avTentikuri: anu, is unda iyos namdvili, gauyalbebeli da sxva;

b) cnobili unda iyos dokumenturi mtkicebulebis war­momavloba: magaliTad, vis ekuTvnis es werili, vin gamosca es aqti, saidan aRmoCnda es foto mxaris xelSi da sxva;

d) sasamarTloSi mowmis saxiT Cvenebas aZlevs is piri, romelmac moipova/Seqmna igi an/da romelTanac inaxeboda sa­samarTloSi wardgenamde: SesaZlebelia mtkicebuleba saTa nado wesiT iqna mopovebuli da wardgenili sasamarTloSi, igi devs saqmis masalebSi da, ufro metic, moxda misi demon strireba procesze; magram Tu sasamarTloSi ar iqna da kiTxuli mowme, vinc moipova, Seqmna, an visTanac imyofeboda sasamarTlomde es mtkicebuleba, igi ver iqneba dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba.

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mowmis Cvenebis rogorc mtkicebulebis dauSveblobaTavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom mowmis Cvenebis dauSvebel

mtkicebulebad miCnevis safuZveli, mowmis Cvenebis axleburi ganmartebidan gamomdinare, mxolod arsebiTi ganxilvis pro­cesSi SeiZleba warmoiSvas.

moqmedi kodeqsi mowmis Cvenebas ganmartavs rogorc „mow­mis mier sasamarTloSi micemul informacias sisxlis samar­Tlis saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.~ mowmis mier Cvenebis micema ki swored arsebiTi ganxilvis etapze xdeba (ix. me­3 muxlis 24­e nawili).

moqmedi kodeqsis 75­e da 76­e muxlebi ganmartavs mowmis Cvenebis dauSveblobis pirobebs.

kerZod, 75­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `mowmis Cveneba mtkicebuleba ver iqneba, Tu mowme ver

miuTiTebs warmodgenili informaciis wyaros an Tu dadg indeba, rom fsiqikuri avadmyofobis an fizikuri naklis gamo mas ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos faqtebi.~

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, rogorc ki mowmis dakiTx vis procesSi gamovlindeba, rom: a) mowme ver uTiTebs war modgenili informaciis wyaros; an b) igi aris fsiqikurad daavadebuli, an raime iseTi fizikuri naklis mqone piri, romlis gamoc mas ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos faqtebi, unda dayenebul iqnes Suamdgomloba am mowmis Cvenebis dauS­vebel mtkicebulebad miCnevis Sesaxeb.

garda amisa, moqmedi kodeqsis 75­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad:

`Tu mowmis CvenebebSi arsebiTi winaaRmdegobaa, mxares ufle­ba aqvs, mosamarTlis winaSe daayenos Suamdgomlo ba Cvenebis (Cvenebebis) dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobis Taobaze.~

mTlad cxadi ar aris, Tu ra aris `Cveneba~ an `Cvenebebi~ am normis konteqstSi. aris is mowmis mier sasamarTloSi mice­muli sruli informacia, romelic misi pirdapiri, jva redini, ganmeorebiTi pirdapiri da jvaredini dakiTxvis pro cesSi gaxda sasamarTlosTvis cnobili, Tu am sruli infor maciis calke aRebuli, SedarebiT mcire erTeuli, romelic, vTqvaT, erT an

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ramdenime konkretul faqts exeba? Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom am normaSi sityva `Cveneba~ mrav­

lobiT ricxvSic aris mocemuli, unda vivaraudoT, rom igu­lisxmeba ara sruli informacia, aramed am informaciis raRac nawili, romelic arsebiTad winaaRmdegobrivia.

moqmedi kodeqsis 76­e muxlSi Semotanilia „iribi Cvenebis~ cneba. kerZod, aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad:

1. iribia mowmis is Cveneba, romelic efuZneba sxva piris mier gavrcelebul informacias.

2. iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa mxolod im SemTx­vevaSi, Tu iribi Cvenebis mimcemi piri miuTiTebs informaciis wyaros, romlis identificireba da realurad arsebobis Semow­meba SesaZlebelia. (14.06.2013. N741)

3. sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa, Tu igi dasturdeba sxva iseTi mtkicebulebiT, romelic ar aris iribi Cveneba. (14.06.2013. N741

maSasadame, Cven Teoriulad SeiZleba gagviCndes iribi Cvenebis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobis Sesaxeb Suamdgom lobis day­enebis ori safuZveli:

• mowme ver uTiTebs informaciis wyaros; romlis identi­ficireba da realurad arsebobis Semowmeba SesaZlebelia. an/da

• ar arsebobs raime sxva arairibi mtkicebuleba, romelTanac erTobliobaSi mowmis iribi Cveneba dadasturdeboda.

magaliTad, davuSvaT, rom mowme acxadebs, rom `mas uTxres, rom A-m mokla B~. Tu mowme ar asaxelebs pirs, vinc mas es uTxra, maSin es iribi Cveneba dauSvebelia pirveli safuZvliT. magram Tu mowme asaxelebs am informaciis wyaros (`X­ma miTxra~), ma­Sin aseTi iribi Cveneba pirveli safuZliT dauSvebeli ar aris.

magram Tundac mowme asaxelebdes informaciis wyaros (X­s), misi iribi Cveneba mainc dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa, Tu ar arse­bobs raime sxva mtkicebuleba, romelic A-s mier B-s mkvlelo­bis faqts daadasturebs: magaliTad, viRac sxva mowme, romelmac uSualod dainaxa, Tu rogor esrola A-m B-s an danaSaulis

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iaraRi, romelzedac aRmoCenilia A-s Ti­Tis anabeWdebi da sxva. rom davasruloT saubari mowmis Cvenebis, rogorc mt­

kicebulebis, dauSveblad cnobis safuZvlebze, unda gavix senoT isic, rom moqmedi kodeqsis 244­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad:

`pirdapiri dakiTxvisas dauSvebelia pasuxis mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebis dasma. mxares ufleba aqvs, daayenos Suamd gomloba mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvis ganridebis an/da aseTi SekiTxvisa da masze pasuxis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobis Sesaxeb.~

aqedan gamomdinare, rogorc ki davinaxavT, rom proku­rorma Tavis mowmes mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva dausva, maSinve unda ganvacxadoT Suamdgomloba am SekiTxvis aridebis an/da aseTi SekiTxvisa da masze pasuxis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobis Sesaxeb.

Suamdgomloba aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis,Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 219­e muxlis me­4 nawilis `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlos sxdo mis mosamarTle aseve ganixilavs Suamdgomlobas aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

aseTi Suamdgomlobis dayenebisas gamoyenebul unda iqnes is rekomendaciebi, romlebic Camoyalibebulia zemoT, me­2 qveTavSi.

Suamdgomloba saproceso konfiskaciis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze da sxva Suamdgomlobebi

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 219­e muxlis me­4 nawilis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlos sx­domis mosamarTle aseve ganixilavs Suamdgomlobas sapro ceso konfiskaciis uzrunvelyofis mizniT da mxareTa sxva Suamdgom­lobebs.

arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacemis sakiTxis gadawyveta

dabolos, yvela zemoaRniSnuli Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis da gadawyvetis Semdeg, moqmedi kodeqsis 219­e muxlis me­4 nawilis

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`e~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle wyvets arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacemis sakiTxs.

imave muxlis me­5 da me­6 nawilebi adgens Semdeg mniS­vnelovan wesebs:

`5. arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacema dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo darwmundeba, rom braldebis mxaris mier wardgenili mtkicebulebebi albaTobis maRali xarisxiT iZleva safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom danaSauli am pirma Caidina.

6. Tu braldebis mxaris mier wardgenili mtkicebulebe­bi albaTobis maRali xarisxiT ar iZleva safuZvels varaud­isaTvis, rom danaSauli am pirma Caidina, winasasamarTlo sxdo­mis mosamarTle ganCinebiT wyvets sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas. ganCineba erTjeradad, misi gamotanidan 5 dRis vadaSi saCivrdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi.~

pirvel rigSi, gasarkvevia, Tu ras niSnavs `albaTobis maRa­li xarisxi~. moqmedi kodeqsis me­3 muxlis me­12 nawili „alba­Tobis maRal xarisxs~ ase ganmartavs:

`albaTobis maRali xarisxi – winasasamarTlo sxdomaze saq­mis arsebiTad gansaxilvelad gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mosamarTlis saxelmZRvanelo standarti, romelic eyrdnoba sxdomaze warmodgenil urTierTSeTavsebad da dama­jerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas da sakmarisia varaudis maRali xarisxisaTvis, rom mocemul saqmeze gamotanil iqneba gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. (14.06.2013. #741)~

saboloo jamSi, am kiTxvaze pasuxs am terminTan dakavSire­buli sasamarTlo praqtika gascems. magram am etapze unda vivar­audoT, rom saqmeSi unda arsebobdes ara erTi, aramed Tundac ori an meti mtkicebuleba, raTa maT erTobliobaSi mosamarTlem maRali xarisxiT ivaraudos gamamtyunebeli ga naCenis gamotanis SesaZlebloba.

unda gvaxsovdes, rom gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamo­tanisaTvis gamoiyeneba „albaTobis maRal xarisxze~ bevrad ufro mkacri „gonivrul eWvs miRma~ standarti. marTalia, wi­nasasamarTlo sxdomis etapze aseTi standarti ar aris saWiro, magram mosamarTlem ukve axlave myarad unda ivarau dos, rom

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momavalSi ar iarsebebs gonivruli eWvi braldebu lis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanasTan dakavSire biT. am sityvebs Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba da yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi Cven unda movaxdinoT warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis Sefaseba am standartebis Semadgeneli si tyvebis WrilSi.

radgan saubari mtkicebis standartebs exeba, mniSvnelova nia mudam gvaxsovdes, rom braldebas mTlianad ekisreba mt kicebis tvirTi danaSaulis SemadgenlobasTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, wi­nasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle unda darw mundes, warmoad­gina Tu ara braldebam sakmarisi mtkicebule bebi, romlebiTac albaTobis maRali xarisxiT mtkicdeba, rom: 1) braldebulma Caidina misTvis Seracxuli qmedeba da sax ezea qmedebis Semadgen­lobis TiToeuli niSani; 2) es qmedeba iyo marTlsawinaaRmdego; 3) qmedeba Cadenilia braleulad.

aqedan gamomdinare, Tu winasasamarTlo sxdomaze Segvi­Zlia davasabuToT, rom saxeze ar aris mtkicebulebebi Tun dac dana­Saulis erTi calke aRebuli, magram Zalze mniS vnelovani el­ementis arsebobis Sesaxeb albaTobis maRali xarisxiT varaudis gamoTqmisaTvis, Cven SegviZlia swored aseTi mtkicebulebebis ararasebobaze gavamaxviloT sasamarT los yuradReba.

saboloo jamSi, mivaRwevT Tu ara im mizans, rom sa samarTlom ar ivaraudos albaTobis maRali xarisxiT, rom braldebulis mimarT SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes gamamtyune beli ganaCeni da, aqedan gamomdinare, ganCinebiT Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, didwilad SeiZleba damokide buli iyos swored imaze, Tu ramdenad warmatebiT vibrZoleT Cven braldebis mtkicebulebebis dauSveblad miCnevisa da dac vis mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebad miC­nevis dros.

sxva sityvebiT, advili SesaZlebelia, rom sisxlissamarT­lebrivi devnis Sewyvetis sawinadari swored mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebobasTan dakavSirebiT Cven mier swored wardgenili da dasabuTebuli Suamdgomlobebi gaxdes.

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saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis momzadebamoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 220­e mux­

li adgens im moqmedebaTa nusxas, romlebic unda gan axorcielos winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTlem, Tu igi miiCnevs, rom saqme unda gadaeces sasamarTlos arsebiTi ganx ilvisaTvis. kerZod, mosamarTle:

a) gansazRvravs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomis daw yebis TariRs;

b) saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomaze mosawvev pirebs ug­zavnis sasamarTlo uwyebebs;

g) amtkicebs mxareebis mier warsadgen mtkicebulebaTa nusx­as, aseve maTgan miRebul im mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals, rom­lebsac mxareebi sadavod ar xdian;

d) braldebuls, romelic patimari ar aris, werilobiT ganumartavs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomaze gamoucxade­blobis Sedegebs;

e) iRebs sxva zomebs sxdomaze saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvi­saTvis mosamzadeblad.

mosamarTlis valdebulebebi, Tu saqme naficmsajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadia

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 219­e mux­lis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad:

`Tu braldebuls brali wauyenes nafic msajulTa sa­samarTlos gansjadi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, mosamarTle val­debulia braldebuls ganumartos nafic msajulTa sa samarTlos debulebebi da masTan dakavSirebuli bralde bulis uflebebi. amis Semdeg mosamarTle arkvevs, amboben Tu ara mxareebi uars nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze. Tu mxareebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze uars erToblivad ar ganacxadeben, mosamarTle niSnavs nafic msajulTa Ser­Cevis sxdomis TariRs.~

am normaSi SeiZleba gamovyoT Semdegi etapebi: • pirvel rigSi, mosamarTles akisria braldebulisTvis

ganmartebebis micemis valdebuleba. • amis Semdeg, mxareebma unda ganacxadon, amboben Tu ara

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uars nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze. uari unda iyos `erTo­blivi~. maSasadame, mxolod braldebis mxaris uari mxedvelo­baSi ar miiReba.

• Tu mxareebi uars ar acxadeben nafic msajulTa sa­samarTloze, maSin mosamarTle daniSnavs nafic msajulTa Ser­Cevis sxdomis TariRs.

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Tavi X – sasamarTlo ganaCenis gasaCivrebasaapelacio da sakasacio wesi

ganaCenis gasaCivrebis wesi damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra sax­is ganaCenTan gvaqvs saqme, nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili verdiqtis safuZvelze gamotanil gamamtyunebel ga­naCenTan, Tu mosamarTlis mier gamotanil gamamarTlebel gana­CenTan. am ori tipis ganaCens Soris arsebobs principuli gansx­vaveba. Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia gasaCivrebis wesic.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganaCeni, gasaCivrebis wesi da safuZvlebi

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 265­e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasjelis daniSvnis sxdomaze sxdomis Tavm­jdomares gamoaqvs ganaCeni, romelic erTmniSvnelovnad unda eyrdnobodes nafic msajulTa mier gamotanil verdiqts.

sxdomis Tavmjdomarem eWvi ar unda Seitanos nafic msa­julTa mier gamotanil verdiqtSi. nafic msajulTa sasamarT­los ganaCenis dadgenisas sxdomis Tavmjdomare ar asabuTebs verdiqts.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganaCeni nafic msajulTa mier miRebuli sasjelis Semsubuqebis an damZimebis rekomen daciis gaTvaliswinebiT motivirebuli unda iyos mxolod sasjelis nawilSi.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganaCeni kanonier ZalaSi Se­dis gamocxadebisTanave.

moqmedi kodeqsis 266­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad, nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gamamar­Tlebeli ganaCeni sabolooa da ar gasaCivrdeba. es ki niSnavs, rom ga­saCivrebas eqvemdebareba mxolod nafic msajulTa sa samarTlis gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.

imave 266­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, mxares Seu­Zlia erTjeradad saapelacio sasamarTloSi gaasaCivros gama­mtyunebeli ganaCeni. amasTan, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganaCe ni saCivrdeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi, gasaCivreba xdeba saka­

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sacio wesiT, rac, TavisTavad, logikas ar eqvemdebareba, radgan saapelacio sasamarTlo ar aris sakasacio sasamarTlo.

sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod Semdeg garemoebebs:

a) sxdomis Tavmjdomarem mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Ses­axeb ukanono gadawyvetileba miiRo;

am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba im sasamarTlos sxdomis Tavmj­domare, romelmac saqme arsebiTad ganixila.

Tumca, radgan mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis sakiTxs, ZiriTa­dad, winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle ganixilavs, logikuri iqneboda, rom gasaCivrebis safuZveli winasasamarT lo sxdomis mosamarTlis mier mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobasTan dakavSirebu­li gadawyvetilebebic yofiliyo. namdvilad usamarTlo iqnebo­da, Tu nafici msajulebi gamamatyunebel verdiqts gamoitandnen iseTi mtkicebulebis an mtkicebule bebis safuZvelze, romelTa dasaSvebobis Taobaze winasa samarTlo sxdomis mosamarTlem ukanono da dausabuTebeli gadawyvetileba miiRo.

sainteresoa, rogor ganviTardeba am mxriv sasamarTlo praq­tika.

b) sxdomis Tavmjdomarem mxaris mier dayenebuli Suamd­gomlobis ganxilvisas ukanono gadawyvetileba miiRo, riTac arsebiTad dairRva mxareTa SejibrebiTobis principi.

wina punqtis komentaris analogiurad, migvaCnia, rom am SemTxvevaSic upriani iqneboda, rom gasaCivrebis safuZveli ara mxolod arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomis Tavmjdomaris, aramed wi­nasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTlis ukanono gadawyvetilebebic yofiliyo.

rac Seexeba sakuTriv arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomis Tavm­jdomaris gadawyvetilebebs mxareTa Suamdgomlobebze, aq igu­lisxmeba rogorc moqmedi kodeqsis 239­e muxlis, ise SekiTx­vebis ganridebis Sesaxeb 246­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Sesabamisad gancxadebuli Suamdgomlobebi.

g) sxdomis Tavmjdomarem nafic msajulTa saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win ganmartebebis micemisas arsebiTi Secdoma dauSva.

moqmedi kodeqsis 231­e muxli Seicavs miTiTebebs, Tu ra

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saxis ganmartebebi unda mieceT nafic msajulebs. kerZod, sxdomis gaxsnisas da saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasv lamde

sxdomis Tavmjdomare nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos aZlevs ganmartebebs gamosayenebeli kanonis Taobaze. sxdo mis Tavmjdo­maris ganmartebebi ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes saqarTvelos konstitucias, am kodeqss da saqarTvelos mier nakisr saerTa­Soriso valdebulebebs. es ganmartebebi nafic msajulebs weri­lobiTi saxiTac gadaecema.

aRniSnuli ganmartebebi werilobiTi saxiT gonivruli va diT adre unda gadaeceT mxareebs. isini uflebamosili arian sxdo­mis Tavmjdomares mimarTon masSi cvlilebebisa da dam atebebis Setanis SuamdgomlobiT.

sayuradReboa, rom, Tu mxareebi am uflebas ar gamoiyene ben nafic msajulTa saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde, sxdomis Tavmj­domaris ganmartebaTa samarTlianoba da kanoniereba ar SeiZleba gaxdes sakasacio saCivris safuZveli.

sxdomis Tavmjdomare uflebamosilia saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win nafic msajulebs mokled ganumartos sxdomaze ganxiluli yvela mtkicebulebis Sefasebis wesi. ganmartebi sas sxdomis Tavmjdomares ekrZaleba raime formiT Tavisi piradi Sexedulebis gamoxatva im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa gadawyvetac nafic msajulTa kompetencias ganekuT vneba. sxdo­mis Tavmjdomare nafic msajulebs ganumartavs: a) braldebis Sinaarss da mis samarTlebriv safuZvels; b) mt kicebulebaTa Sefasebis ZiriTad wess; g) udanaSaulobis pre zumfciis cnebas da im garemoebas, rom yovelgvari eWvi bral debulis sasarge­blod wydeba; d) rom gamamtyunebeli verdiq ti unda emyarebodes sxdomis Tavmjdomaris mier ganmartebul kanons da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros gamokvleul, eWvis gamomricxav mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas; e) rom sxdomis mimdinareobisas maT ufleba aqvT, awarmoon da gamoiyenon Canawerebi; v) rom verdiqti unda emyare­bodes mxolod sa samarTlo procesis dros gamokvleul mtkice­bulebebs, rom arc erTi mtkicebuleba ar unda iqnes miRebuli mxedvelobaSi sxvisi miTiTebiT, rom verdiqti ar unda iqnes gamotanili varaudis safuZvelze an dauSvebel mtkicebuleba­

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Ta gamoy enebiT; z) TiToeul wardgenil braldebaze verdiqtis gamo tanis wess; T) rom jer kenWi unda uyaron yvela wardgenil braldebaze gamamarTlebel verdiqts. Tu verdiqti ver mi iReba, kenWi eyreba gamamtyunebel verdiqts braldebis simZi mis mzardi TanamimdevrobiT; i) rom maT xeli unda moaweron TiToeuli braldebisaTvis wardgenili verdiqtis formebidan mxolod erTs – gamamarTlebeli an gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis formas.

sxdomis Tavmjdomare valdebulia mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ganumartos nafic msajulebs, rom braldebulma SesaZloa Caid­ina SedarebiT naklebad mZime danaSauli, romlis Semad genlobis elementebs Seicavs wardgenili braldebiT gaTval iswinebuli danaSaulis elementebi.

d) sxdomis Tavmjdomare ganaCenis gamotanisas mTlianad an nawilobriv ar daeyrdno nafic msajulTa mier gamotanil verdiqts.

magaliTi: nafic msajulTa sasamarTlom gamoitana nawilo­brivi gamamarTlebeli verdiqti, xolo sxdomis Tavmjdomarem mTlianad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.

amasTanave, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli moqmedi kodeq­sis 261­e muxlis me­7 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sagamonakliso norma:

`sxdomis Tavmjdomare uflebamosilia gaauqmos nafic msa­julTa sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli verdiqti da daniSnos naf­ic msajulTa axali Semadgenlobis SerCevis sxdomis TariRi, Tu aRniSnuli verdiqti aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas, usafuZvloa da gamamtyune beli verdiqtis gauqmeba samarTliani marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis erTaderTi SesaZle­blobaa. sxdomis Tavmj domare ar aris uflebamosili, gamoiy­enos am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebamosileba mxolod im safuZv liT, rom igi ar eTanxmeba nafic msajulTa mier mowmis Cvenebis sandoobis Sefasebas an romelime mtkicebulebis mniS­vnelobas.~

e) sxdomis Tavmjdomare ganaCenis gamotanisas daeyrdno am kodeqsis moTxovnebis darRveviT gamotanil verdiqts.

aq igulisxmeba moqmedi kodeqsis 236­e muxliT gaT­valiswinebuli nafic msajulTa movaleobebis dar­Rveva, ise

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261­e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli verdiqtis miRebis wesebis dar­Rveva. v) sasjeli ukanonoa an/da aSkarad dausabuTebelia;

sasjeli ukanonoa, rodesac igi ar Seesabameba saqarT velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT an muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul sanqcias.

sasjeli aSkarad dausabuTebeli iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi saxe da zoma ar Seesabameba saqmeSi gamokvleul mt kicebulebaTa erTobliobas an/da ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoebebi.

z) sxdomis Tavmjdomarem ar gaiTvaliswina nafic msa julTa mier miRebuli sasjelis Semsubuqebis an damZimebis rekomendacia.

moqmedi kodeqsis 264­e muxlis me­2 da me­3 nawilebis Tanax­mad, nafic msajulebs ufleba aqvT sxdomis Tavm jdomares miscen sasjelis Semsubuqebis an damZimebis rekomendacia.

`Tu sasjelis daniSvnis sxdomaze nafici msajulebi xma­Ta umravlesobiT miiReben sasjelis Semsubuqebis rekomenda­cias, sxdomis Tavmjdomare ar aris uflebamosili, bral debuls dauniSnos am danaSaulisTvis saqarTvelos sisx lis samarTlis kodeqsiT gansazRvruli sasjelis maqsim aluri zRvris or mesa­medze meti, xolo Tu saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod­eqsiT dadgenili sasjelis minim aluri zRvari aRemateba maqsim­aluri zRvris or mesameds, msjavrdebuls eniSneba minimaluri sasjeli.~ `Tu sasjelis daniSvnis sxdomaze nafici msajulebi xmaTa umravlesobiT miiReben sasjelis damZimebis rekomenda­cias, sxdomis Tavmjdomare ar aris uflebamosili, bralde buls dauniSnos am danaSaulisTvis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gansazRvruli sasjelis maqsimaluri zRvris or mesa­medze naklebi.~

ra xdeba nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gamamtyunebel ga­naCenze sakasacio saCivris dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi? am kiTx­vaze pasuxs gvcems 266­e muxlis me­3 da me­4 nawilebi:

kodeqsis 266­e muxlis me­2 nawilis „a~–„e~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakasacio saCivris dakmayofilebis SemTx­vevaSi saqme xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis gadaecema nafic msa julTa sasamarTlos axal Semadgenlobas.

xolo, imave 266­e muxlis me­2 nawilis „v`–„z~ qvepun qtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT nafic msajulTa sa samarTlos ga­

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naCenis sasjelis nawilSi gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi saqme sasjelis xelaxali daniSvnisaTvis ubrundeba nafic msajulTa sasamarT­los sxdomis Tavmjdomares.

pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mosamarTlis mier ganxi-luli saqmis Sedegad gamotanili ganaCeni

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 259­e mux­lis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ganaCeni unda iyos kanonieri, dasab­uTebuli da samarTliani.

• sasamarTlos ganaCeni kanonieria, Tu igi gamotanilia saqarTvelos konstituciis, am kodeqsisa da saqarTve­los sxva kanonebis moTxovnaTa dacviT, romelTa nor­mebic gamoyenebuli iyo sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.

• sasamarTlos ganaCeni dasabuTebulia, Tu is emyareba sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros gamokvleul, eWvis gamom­ricxav mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas. ganaCenSi Camoya­libebuli yvela daskvna da gadawyvetileba dasabuTe­buli unda iyos.

• sasamarTlos ganaCeni samarTliania, Tu daniSnuli sasjeli Seesabameba msjavrdebulis pirovnebas da mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis simZimes.

apelacia moqmedi kodeqsis 292­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad,

saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes pirveli instan ciis sa­samarTlos ganaCeni, romelic apelants ukanonod an/da dausab­uTeblad miaCnia.

gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone pirebimoqmedi kodeqsis 292­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, saapela­cio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT mxolod bralmdeb els, zemd­gom prokurors, msjavrdebuls an/da mis advokats.

saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadamoqmedi kodeqsis 293­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad,

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saapelacio saCivari Seitaneba ganaCenis gamomtan sasamarTloSi misi gamocxadebidan 1 Tvis vadaSi.

moTxovnebi saapelacio saCivris mimarTmoqmedi kodeqsis 293­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, saa­

pelacio saCivarSi aRiniSneba: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, sadac igzavneba saCivari; b) saCivris Semtani piris saxeli da gvari, sacxovrebeli

adgili, saproceso mdgomareoba; g) gasaCivrebuli ganaCenis gamomtani sasamarTlo da gamo­

tanis TariRi; d) ganaCenis gasaCivrebuli debulebani; e) gasaCivrebul debulebaTa ukanonobis an/da dausabuTe­

blobis arsi; v) momCivnis poziciis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebani; z) mtkicebuleba, maT Soris, axali, romelic unda gamoi­

kvlios saapelacio sasamarTlom; T) damatebiT warmodgenili masalebi (aseTis arsebobis Sem­

TxvevaSi).

saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxis gadawyvetamoqmedi kodeqsis 295­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, saa­

pelacio sasamarTlo saCivrisa da saqmis miRebidan 10 dRis vada­Si, zepiri mosmenis gareSe wyvets saapelacio saCivris dasaSve­bobis sakiTxs.

imave muxlis me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, saCivari unda See­sabamebodes im moTxovnebs, romlebsac iTvaliswinebs 293­e mux­lis me­2 nawili (ix. zemoT 5.2.3 punqti).

Tu saCivari ar Seesabameba aRniSnul moTxovnebs, saapela cio sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganCinebiT apelants aZlevs 5 dRis vadas saCivris xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu apel anti ar Sea­srulebs aRniSnul moTxovnas, saapelacio sa samarTlos zepiri mosmenis gareSe gamoaqvs ganCineba saCivris dauSveblad cnobis Taobaze, romelic sabolooa da ar ga saCivrdeba. Tu aRniSnul vadaSi apelanti Seavsebs xarvezs, saapelacio sasamarTlos ze­

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piri mosmenis gareSe gamoaqvs gan­Cineba saCivris dasaSvebad cno­bis Taobaze da niSnavs saapela cio sxdomis TariRs.

imave muxlis me­4 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu saapelacio sa­samarTlo miiCnevs, rom saCivari Seesabameba moqmedi kodeqsis 293­e muxlis me­2 nawilis moTxovnebs, mas zepiri mosmenis gareSe gamoaqvs ganCineba saCivris dasaSvebad cnobis Taobaze da niSnavs saapelacio sxdomis TariRs.

saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCeni moqmedi kodeqsis 298­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax­

mad, saapelacio sasamarTlo ganaCeniT iRebs erT­erT Semdeg gadawyvetilebas:

a) auqmebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gamamtyunebel ganaCens da mis nacvlad adgens gamamarTlebel ganaCens;

b) auqmebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gamamarTleb el ganaCens da mis nacvlad adgens gamamtyunebel ganaCens;

g) cvlileba Seaqvs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ga­naCenSi;

d) ucvlelad tovebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gana­Cens da uars ambobs saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze.

sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvaTanaxmad, saapelacio sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs, gama­

marTlebeli ganaCenis nacvlad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni gamoi­tanos, gamoiyenos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ufro mkacri muxli, daniSnos ufro mkacri sasjeli an mi iRos msjavrdebulisTvis arasasikeTo sxva gadawyvetileba, Tu saqme ganixileba msjavrdebulis, misi advokatis saCivris safuZvelze da braldebis mxares saCivari ar Seutania.

saapelacio sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, gamamarTlebeli ga­naCenis nacvlad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni gamoitanos, gamoiy enos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ufro mkacri muxli, daniSnos ufro mkacri sasjeli an sxva gziT gaau aresos msja­vrdebulis mdgomareoba, Tu braldebis mxarem Seitana saapela­cio saCivari swored am moTxovniT da Tu mas aseTi pozicia

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ekava pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.

kasacia moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me­300 mux­

lis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, sakasacio wesiT SeiZle ba ga­saCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mier gamotanili ganaCeni, romelic, kasato ris azriT, ukanonoa. ganaCeni ukanonoa, Tu:

a) arsebiTad dairRva saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap­roceso kodeqsi, rac ar gamouvlenia pirveli instanciis an saapelacio sasamarTlos an rac man dauSva saqmis ganxil visa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros;

b) msjavrdebulis qmedebas araswori kvalifikacia mieca; g) gamoyenebulia sasjelis iseTi saxe an zoma, romelic

aSkarad ar Seesabameba msjavrdebulis qmedebis xasiaTsa da pirovnebas.

gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone pirebi moqmedi kodeqsis 300­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, saka­

sacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT bralmdebels, zemdgom prokurors, msjavrdebuls an/da mis advokats

sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada moqmedi kodeqsis 302­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax mad,

sakasacio saCivari Seitaneba ganaCenis gamomtan sasamarT loSi misi gamocxadebidan 1 Tvis vadaSi.

moTxovnebi sakasacio saCivris mimarT moqmedi kodeqsis 301­e muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, saka­

sacio saCivarSi aRiniSneba: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, sadac Seitaneba saCivari; b) monacemebi im piris Sesaxeb, romelsac Seaqvs saCivari

(saxeli da gvari, sacxovrebeli adgili, saproceso mdgomareo­ba);

g) gasaCivrebuli ganaCeni, misi gamomtani sasamarTlo da

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gamotanis TariRi; d) momCivnis azriT, romeli samarTlebrivi sakiTxi gadawyda

ukanonod da ra adasturebs amas; e) damatebiT warmodgenili masalebi.

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxis gadawyveta moqmedi kodeqsis 303­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax­

mad, Tu saCivari ar Seesabameba am kodeqsis 301­e muxlis me­2 nawilis moTxovnebs, sakasacio sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gar­eSe ganCinebiT kasators aZlevs 5 dRis vadas, romelic saWiroa saCivris xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu kasatori ar Sea srulebs aRniS­nul moTxovnas, sakasacio sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganCinebiT saCivars ganuxilvelad tovebs. ganCineba sabolooa da ar gasaCivrdeba.

imave muxlis me­2 nawilis Tanaxmad, sakasacio sasamarT­lo uflebamosilia zepiri mosmenis gareSe Seamowmos sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, xolo me­3 nawilis Tanaxmad, sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia, Tu:

a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erT­gvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis;

b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan;

g) saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme ganixila mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi an saproceso darRveviT, rasac SeeZlo arse biTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze.

zemoaRniSnuli dasaSvebobis kriteriumebis gansazRvri­saTvis, aucilebelia saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis kar­gad Seswavla. am saqmeSi dagexmarebaT saqarTvelos uzen aesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaTa axali saZiebo sistema, romelic saqarTveloSi norvegiis kanonis uzenaesobis mrCev elTa misiis (NORLAG) daxmarebiT iqna SemuSavebuli.

38

38 http://prg.supremecourt.ge

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tipuri argumentacia, romelic saqarTvelos uzenaes sa­samarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatas sakasacio saCivris dauSveblad miCnevis SemTxvevaSi mohyavs xolme, aseTia:

`sakasacio palatas miaCnia, rom mocemul sisxlis samarT­lis saqmeSi ar moipoveba arc erTi zemoaRniSnuli safuZveli.

palata aRniSnavs, rom kasatori ver asabuTebs saapela cio sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvas mniSvnelovani samarT lebrivi an saproceso darRvevebiT, rac aseve ar dasturdeba saqmis Ses­wavlis Sedegad.

garda amisa, sakasacio saCivari ar aris dasaSvebi arc saa­pelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenis damkvidrebuli praqtikisagan gansxvavebis arsebobis kriteriumiT.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebulebis mimarT inkrimini­rebuli danaSauli warmoadgens saqarTvelos ssk­is 137­e mux­lis me­3 nawilis ,,g~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul qmede bas da am kategoriis saqmeebze rogorc samarTlebrivi, aseve sapro­ceso Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, arsebobs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic asaxulia saapela cio sasamarT­los gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi39.~

sakasacio sasamarTlos ganaCeni moqmedi kodeqsis 307­e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax­

mad, sakasacio sasamarTlo ganaCeniT iRebs erT­erT Semdeg gadawyvetilebas:

a) auqmebs saapelacio sasamarTlos gamamtyunebel ganaCens da mis nacvlad adgens gamamarTlebel ganaCens;

b) auqmebs saapelacio sasamarTlos gamamarTlebel ganaCens da mis nacvlad adgens gamamtyunebel ganaCens;

g) cvlileba Seaqvs saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenSi; d) ucvlelad tovebs saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCens da

uars ambobs sakasacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze.

39 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis ganCineba sakasacio saCivris dauSveblad cnobis Sesaxeb, saqme¹572ap.­11, 28 Tebervali, 2012 w., http://prg.supremecourt.ge/DetailViewCrime.aspx

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sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva moqmedi kodeqsis 308­e muxlis pirveli da me­2 nawilebis

Tanaxmad, sakasacio sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs, gamamar­Tlebeli ganaCenis nacvlad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni gamoita nos, gamoiyenos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ufro mkacri muxli, daniSnos ufro mkacri sasjeli an mi iRos ms­javrdebulisTvis arasasikeTo sxva gadawyvetileba, Tu saqme ganixileba msjavrdebulis, misi advokatis saCivris safuZvelze da braldebis mxares saCivari ar Seutania.

sakasacio sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, gamamarTlebeli gana­Cenis nacvlad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni gamoitanos, gamoiyenos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ufro mkacri mux li, daniSnos ufro mkacri sasjeli an sxva gziT gaauaresos msja­vrdebulis mdgomareoba, Tu braldebis mxarem Seitana sakasacio saCivari swored am moTxovniT da Tu mas aseTi pozicia ekava pirveli instanciis da saapelacio sasamarT loebSi.

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daibeWda:

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

al. yazbegis gamz. #45

t. 239-15-22, E-mail: meridiani777@gmail.com