site orientation & linear measurements. house or site orientation §definition: the placement of...
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Site Orientation& Linear Measurements
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House or Site OrientationDefinition: The placement of a structure on the property
with certain environmental and physical factors taken into consideration, a compass location of the rooms
Takes place at the beginning of design processFactors that may influence house or site orientation are:
1) terrain (topographical, contours, etc) 2) view 3) solar (sun exposure, site location) 4) wind 5) sound (noise) 6) zone
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1) Terrain Orientation
The characteristic of the land on which the proposed structure will be placed
Contours dictate slopeAffects the type of structure
to be builtTypes of land categories
1) Level or generally level• Contour lines far apart
2) Sloped• Contour lines close together
Gentle Slope Steep Slope
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1) Terrain Orientation - Level Sites
Natural site for single-level or two-story homes
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1) Terrain Orientation - Sloped Sites
Natural location for multilevel or daylight basement homes
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1) Terrain Orientation - Sloped SitesSubterranean construction places a portion of
the house below grade, is becoming popular
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1) Terrain Orientation - ContoursHelp to determine the slope of the landContour intervals in this example are 1 vertical feet,
dark contours are 5 vertical feetCommon intervals are 1, 2, 5, 10 and even 50 feet
slope
slope
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2) View Orientation
Many future homeowners purchase a building site because of the view mountains, city lights, a lake, the ocean, or golf course
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2) View Orientation
View sites are more expensive than othersDesigner/architect should design a home
that optimizes the view, however, a trade-off between other orientation factors may have to be considered
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3) Solar OrientationTo take full advantage
of Sun exposure to the structure Major living areas
face south for winter solar heat
Breakfast area should face east for morning sun
Solar chart shows the Southern orientation and the suns path also time of year
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4) Wind Orientation
Determine the direction from which the wind most frequently blows (prevailing winds) in a given area of the country
Wind conditions should be taken into consideration for house orientation
One factor of orientation over another factor may outweigh the other
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4) Wind OrientationLandscaping can help control wind
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5) Sound Orientation
Sound coming from surrounding community or area can be good or bad natures sounds--singing birds, croaking frogs,
etc.
road noises, train sounds, major freeways, etc.
Positioning the house feature to reduce sound, such as garage, or closets
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5) Sound Orientation
Landscaping, fences, berms, trees, hedges, etc. may help block out some of these noises
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6) Zone Orientation
City zoning ordinances set and establish guidelines as to house location on the lot, the house height, size of house & lot, even the exterior design of home in some cases
Set backs are distances that set imaginary lines called building lines which are parallel lines to the property lines and establish the confine of where the house can be built
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6) Zone Orientation - Set Backs
Set Backs
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6) Zone Orientation - Set Backs
Notice line differences of property and building lines, both are labeled on the drawing
House placed inside building line area
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House/Site Orientation - Example
Factors shown: view, solar, wind, zone
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Linear Measurement -- Plot Plans
Civil Engineering Scale (Civil Scale) typically used on plot plans because of site or land measurements, contractor will use this type of measurement in positioning the house on the site.
The Civil Scale is divided into tenth, therefore all units are marked in feet and tenths of feet
Example: Architectural measurement = 5’- 6” Civil measurement = 5.5’
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Divisions and Scales of the Civil Engineer Scale
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Civil Engineer Scale ExamplesDivision is 10
Wide range of ratios
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Civil Engineer Scale ExamplesDivision is 20
Wide range of ratios
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Civil Engineer Scale ExamplesDivision is 30
Wide range of ratios
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ZERO MARK
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Angular Measurement
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Drafting Protractor
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Protractor and Vernier Plate
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Angular Measurement
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Reading the Protractor
Full degree measurement
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Reading the Protractor
Degrees and minute measurements
Measurement of example:
7° 40’
7°
40’
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Angular Measurement - Bearings
Direction with reference to one quadrant of the compass
The angle of deviation from the north/south line in an east or west direction 90 degrees or less
Are measured clockwise or counterclockwise and always from north or south
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Bearings
Line OA bearing N60 ° E
Line OB bearing S75° E
Line OC bearing S30° W
Line OD bearing N45° W
O
A
B
C
D