Skills and TechniquesSkills and Techniques

Skill LearningSkill Learning

Methods of PracticeMethods of Practice

There are four main methods of practice that you need to know for physical education:

• GRADUAL BUILD UP

• WHOLE PART WHOLE

• PASSIVE/ACTIVE PRACTICES

• REPETIITIVE PRACTICES

Gradual Build UpGradual Build UpGradual build up is a useful practice method for learning Gradual build up is a useful practice method for learning complex skills. You learn the skill bit by bit. You build the complex skills. You learn the skill bit by bit. You build the skill up in stages. Often used when the skill is too difficult skill up in stages. Often used when the skill is too difficult or dangerous to try.or dangerous to try.

Gradual build up is a useful practice method as it allows Gradual build up is a useful practice method as it allows you to:you to:

Make practices more demanding in small stepsMake practices more demanding in small steps Develop confidenceDevelop confidence Make practices challenging but achievableMake practices challenging but achievable Gear practices to your stage of learningGear practices to your stage of learning

Gradual Build UpGradual Build Up

The best example for using The best example for using the gradual build up method the gradual build up method for an individual activity is for an individual activity is the the flight diveflight dive..

DescribeDescribe four different four different stages of building up to a stages of building up to a flight dive in swimmingflight dive in swimming

Gradual Build UpGradual Build Up

The best example for using The best example for using the gradual build up method the gradual build up method for an team activity is the for an team activity is the Lay Lay UpUp

DescribeDescribe four different stages four different stages of building up to a Lay Up in of building up to a Lay Up in BasketballBasketball

AnswersAnswers SkillSkill – Diving – Diving

Stage 1 – Sit on the edge of the pool with feet in the channel. Lean forward Stage 1 – Sit on the edge of the pool with feet in the channel. Lean forward with head between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple with head between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple forward into the water.forward into the water.

Stage 2 – One knee and one foot on edge of the pool. . Lean forward with head Stage 2 – One knee and one foot on edge of the pool. . Lean forward with head between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple forward between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple forward into the water.into the water.

Stage 3 – Crouch down with both feet on the edge of the pool. Lean forward Stage 3 – Crouch down with both feet on the edge of the pool. Lean forward with head between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple with head between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple forward into the water.forward into the water.

Stage 4 - Stand with both feet on the edge of the pool. Lean forward with head Stage 4 - Stand with both feet on the edge of the pool. Lean forward with head

between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple forward and between the arms, with hands pointing towards the water. Topple forward and straighten legs to dive into the water.straighten legs to dive into the water.

AnswerAnswer Team ActivityTeam Activity –Basketball –Basketball SkillSkill – Right-handed Lay-Up – Right-handed Lay-Up Stage 1 – Mark the take-off position on the ground and repeatedly Stage 1 – Mark the take-off position on the ground and repeatedly

perform a standing shot in off the back board.perform a standing shot in off the back board.

Stage 2 – Mark the take-off position on the ground and repeatedly Stage 2 – Mark the take-off position on the ground and repeatedly perform a jumping shot in off the back board.perform a jumping shot in off the back board.

Stage 3 – Take two steps back from the basket. Bounce the ball in Stage 3 – Take two steps back from the basket. Bounce the ball in front of you and catch it and take two steps, right foot then left foot, front of you and catch it and take two steps, right foot then left foot, taking off from the take-off position on the left foot, before jumping and taking off from the take-off position on the left foot, before jumping and stretching up to lay the ball in off the back-board.stretching up to lay the ball in off the back-board.

Stage 4 – Dribble the ball into the basket, to perform a full lay-up, Stage 4 – Dribble the ball into the basket, to perform a full lay-up,

jumping up off the left foot from the marked take-off position.jumping up off the left foot from the marked take-off position.

Whole Part WholeWhole Part WholeWhole part whole is often used by performers who Whole part whole is often used by performers who already have some experience of the activity. It works already have some experience of the activity. It works best when you can perform a version of the whole skill best when you can perform a version of the whole skill already.already.

E.g. Front Crawl - Swimming E.g. Front Crawl - Swimming

WholeWhole: Try the whole stroke i.e. using both arms and : Try the whole stroke i.e. using both arms and legslegs

PartPart: With a float in hands, practise legs only to improve : With a float in hands, practise legs only to improve leg kickleg kick

WholeWhole: Return to the whole stroke again to see if stroke : Return to the whole stroke again to see if stroke has improved.has improved.

PASSIVE/ACTIVE PRACTICESPASSIVE/ACTIVE PRACTICES

These are often useful to practise with a partner as they can These are often useful to practise with a partner as they can vary the degree of opposition required to help you improve. vary the degree of opposition required to help you improve.

E.g. BasketballE.g. Basketball – lay up shot– lay up shot

1. Solo practice ensuring foot pattern and ball placement is 1. Solo practice ensuring foot pattern and ball placement is correct.correct.

2. With a partner – receive pass from partner and perform lay-up 2. With a partner – receive pass from partner and perform lay-up shot.shot.

3. Partner passes and then uses passive defence to mark you3. Partner passes and then uses passive defence to mark you

4.4. Partner passes and then becomes an active defender who is Partner passes and then becomes an active defender who is trying to get ball.trying to get ball.

REPETITION

DRILLS

During practice it can be productive to set up

training drills that repeat particular parts of a

technique or the whole technique

Groove technique so that all components of it work well together

You may practice very small parts of the technique

repeatedly

The type of attention to detail works best

with complex, closed skills.

Drills can work well when both repetition and different

degrees of pressure are involved.

Badminton Example

1. Short Serve2. Underarm Clear3. Overhead Clear

4. Drop Shot

Repetition Repetition PracticesPractices

Learning Skills TasksLearning Skills Tasks1.1.Choose Choose oneone method of practice from list A method of practice from list A

and and oneone from list B. Explain from list B. Explain whywhy you would you would use these methods of practice.(4)use these methods of practice.(4)

List AList A List B List BShadow practiceShadow practice Whole-part- Whole-part-

wholewhole

Small sided games Conditioned gamesSmall sided games Conditioned games

2.2.Choose two activities and describe, Choose two activities and describe, in detailin detail, , how you used these methods of practice to how you used these methods of practice to develop a skill. (Give specific details of a develop a skill. (Give specific details of a practice that you have used). (4)practice that you have used). (4)

Learning Skills TasksLearning Skills Tasks3.3. Gradual build up is one method of learning and Gradual build up is one method of learning and

developing skills.developing skills.

i)i) WhatWhat is meant by gradual build up? is meant by gradual build up? /2/2ii)ii) Explain Explain whywhy you would use this method you would use this method /2/2

4.4. Select Select two differenttwo different skills where you used gradual skills where you used gradual build up. Choose an individual activity, a skill or build up. Choose an individual activity, a skill or technique. Describe how you learned to perform this technique. Describe how you learned to perform this skill or technique.skill or technique.

Firstly I, /1Firstly I, /1 Then I, /1 Then I, /1 Finally I, /1Finally I, /1

5.5. Choose a Team activity, a skill or technique. Describe Choose a Team activity, a skill or technique. Describe how you learned to perform this skill or technique.how you learned to perform this skill or technique.

Firstly I, /1Firstly I, /1 Then I, /1 Then I, /1 Finally I, /1Finally I, /1

Simple SkillsSimple Skills

EASY/SIMPLE SKILLS

Few Sub-routines

Physically Undemanding

Little co-ordination needed

Few judgments to be made

Simple order of movements

One movement at a time

Easy Environment e.g. Indoors

e.g.Set Shot

Simple SkillsSimple Skills

PUSHPASS

CHESTPASS

HEAD-STAND

HEADING

SETSHOT

HIGHSERVE

SIMPLE SKILLS

Complex SkillsComplex Skills

COMPLEX SKILLS

Many Sub-routines

Physically Demanding

Co-ordination is vital

Many judgements to be made

Many movements at the same time

e.g.Lay-up in Basketball

Butterfly strokeButterfly stroke

High jumpHigh jump

Basketball Basketball

lay-up lay-up

VolleyVolley

Goal Keeper saveGoal Keeper save

Complex Complex SkillsSkills

Learning Skills Exam QuestionsLearning Skills Exam Questions1.1. Whole – part – wholeWhole – part – whole and and gradual build-upgradual build-up are two are two

different methods of learning and developing skills. different methods of learning and developing skills. Explain Explain whywhy you used each method. you used each method. (2)x2(2)x2

2.2. Choose an activity. Choose a skill/technique that could be Choose an activity. Choose a skill/technique that could be improved using improved using whole/part/wholewhole/part/whole. Describe what you did . Describe what you did to improve this skill/technique using whole/part/whole. to improve this skill/technique using whole/part/whole. (2)(2)

ii)ii) Now choose a different method of developing skills. (1)Now choose a different method of developing skills. (1)

iii)iii) Describe how you used this method to improve a Describe how you used this method to improve a skill/technique in an activity of your choice. (2)skill/technique in an activity of your choice. (2)

iv)iv) Why was this an appropriate way to develop this Why was this an appropriate way to develop this skill/technique. (1)skill/technique. (1)