Rock optimized shaped charges

and Section IV testing

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Presenter: Christian Eitschberger.

Co-Author: Liam McNelis.

Test configuration & sandstone targets

Test results(TTP & flow ratio)

Introduction & Outline

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(TTP & flow ratio)

Analsyis of results

Summary (way foward)

4 x sandstone rock types

3 x charge designs

26g DP(Conventional)

26g Reactive Liner

26g Hard Rock Optimized

Section IV Test Configuration3

Overburdon6000 psi

Pore-Pressure2000 psi

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Wellbore3000 psi

Casing Thickness ½“

Cement Thickness ¾“

Cores Axially Flowed

Sandstone Targets (7“ x 30“)

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Sander SchilfUCS 6200psi Porosity 19.4 – 20.6% Perm. 120 – 150 mD

Carbon Tan UCS 8900psiPorosity 14.9 – 15.6% Perm. 25 – 30 mD

Main UCS 10150psiPorosity 11.6 – 11.8% Perm. 2 – 6 mD

Bunt UCS 11312psiPorosity 12.4 – 13.6% Perm. 40 – 50 mD

Depth of Penetration5

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26g RO: 36.4“ (concrete*)

26g RL: 32.1“ (API 19b)

26g DP: 42.6“ (API 19b)

26g Reactive Liner - 4 different rocks6

10,9“

11,8“

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Sander Schilf Carbon Tan Main Bunt

8,1“7,4“

Pre/Post Shot Permeability Ratio

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Main Sandstone – 3 different charges 8

Reactive Liner HRO DP

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EHD: 0.37“ – 0.41“ EHD: 0.35“ – 0.38“ EHD: 0.28“ – 0.30“

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Fluorescent Dye Radial Flow 10

Sander Schilf Sandstone: (UCS 6200psi) , 26g DP HMX/St

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Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow

Fluorescent Dye Pictures

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Main Sandstone: (UCS 10150psi), 26g Reactive Liner HMX/St

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Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow

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Bunt Sandstone: (UCS 11300psi), 26g DP HMX/St

Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow

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Tip Fracture

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Main Sandstone: UCS 10150psi, 26g DP HMX/St

Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow

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Tip Fracture

Sufficient and good penetration is desirable but highest DoP, especially in concrete targets, does not automatically meanbest downhole performance

Best performance can be achieved by developing a chargespecifically for the rock type (not always feasible – time/cost/availablity of rock)

Reactive Liner charges appear to be more suited to harder

Summary

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Reactive Liner charges appear to be more suited to hardertighter sandstone rocks

Results indicate that sandstone rocks with medium-high porosity are more susceptable to skin effect and crushed zonethan the harder rocks, particularly with OB perforating

Need to repeat more tests with other test configurations toconfirm the effect of Overbalance and DUB on the results.

Thank you for your attention.

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Thank you for your attention.