SLEEP DISORDERS:SLEEP DISORDERS:

Sleep is an active state essential for mental Sleep is an active state essential for mental & physical restoration.& physical restoration.

Sometimes though we have problems either Sometimes though we have problems either falling or staying asleepfalling or staying asleep

INSOMNIA:INSOMNIA:

– Failure to get enough sleep at night in order Failure to get enough sleep at night in order to feel rested the next day.to feel rested the next day.

Can be brought on by anxiety or depression.Can be brought on by anxiety or depression.

Abuse of alcohol & drugs can also cause it.Abuse of alcohol & drugs can also cause it.

Side Effects: Side Effects: Insomnia: Insomnia:

The Light SideThe Light Side

SLEEP APNEA:SLEEP APNEA:

Disorder in which a person has trouble breathing Disorder in which a person has trouble breathing while asleep.while asleep.– Most common symptom is a specific kind of snoring Most common symptom is a specific kind of snoring

that occurs hundreds of times a night.that occurs hundreds of times a night.Each snore lasts for 10-15 seconds & ends suddenly; often Each snore lasts for 10-15 seconds & ends suddenly; often with a physical movement of the body.with a physical movement of the body.

A blockage in the breathing passage actually causes the A blockage in the breathing passage actually causes the snoring; during this time the person is actually choking & air snoring; during this time the person is actually choking & air flow to the lungs stop.flow to the lungs stop.

– 1 in 100 Americans suffer from this, mostly in older people.1 in 100 Americans suffer from this, mostly in older people.

NARCOLEPSY:NARCOLEPSY:

Condition characterized by suddenly falling asleep or Condition characterized by suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day.feeling very sleepy during the day.– People who suffer have sleep attacks throughout their People who suffer have sleep attacks throughout their

day, accompanied by brief periods of REM sleep.day, accompanied by brief periods of REM sleep.– Have difficulties in the areas of work, leisure & Have difficulties in the areas of work, leisure &

interpersonal relationships. Also prone to accidents.interpersonal relationships. Also prone to accidents.

Chronic Brain DisorderChronic Brain DisorderStarts between ages 7-25– Lasts for life; effects both Males & Starts between ages 7-25– Lasts for life; effects both Males & FemalesFemales

Once cause is - low levels of the neurotransmitter hypocretin, Once cause is - low levels of the neurotransmitter hypocretin, which promotes wakefulnesswhich promotes wakefulness

NIGHTMARES & NIGHT TERRORS:NIGHTMARES & NIGHT TERRORS:Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep & people who awaken from them will be able to & people who awaken from them will be able to describe their vivid, movie-like dream.describe their vivid, movie-like dream.

Night Terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep Night Terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep (usually (usually within an hour of going to sleep).within an hour of going to sleep).

– They last between 5-20 minutes & involve screaming, They last between 5-20 minutes & involve screaming, sweating, confusion & rapid heart rate.sweating, confusion & rapid heart rate.

– However, the subject will have no memory of them However, the subject will have no memory of them upon waking up.upon waking up.

Typically involve (1-6%) of 3-12 year olds;Typically involve (1-6%) of 3-12 year olds; however <1% of 20-30 yr. olds can however <1% of 20-30 yr. olds can

also have themalso have them

Sleep Terror Disorder Under Sleep Terror Disorder Under DSM-IV:DSM-IV:

Recurrent periods where the individual abruptly wakes from sleeping Recurrent periods where the individual abruptly wakes from sleeping with a screamwith a scream

Individual experiences intense fear and symptoms of autonomic Individual experiences intense fear and symptoms of autonomic arousal such as increased heart rate, heavy breathing, and increased arousal such as increased heart rate, heavy breathing, and increased perspirationperspiration

Individual cannot be soothed or comforted during the episodeIndividual cannot be soothed or comforted during the episode

They are unable to remember details of the dream or details of the They are unable to remember details of the dream or details of the episodeepisode

The occurrence of the sleep terror episode causes clinically The occurrence of the sleep terror episode causes clinically significant distress or impairment in the individual's functioningsignificant distress or impairment in the individual's functioning

Disturbance is not due to the effects of a substance or general Disturbance is not due to the effects of a substance or general medical conditionmedical condition

SLEEP WALKING:SLEEP WALKING:

Sleepwalking is a disorder in which a Sleepwalking is a disorder in which a person is partly awake. They can walk or person is partly awake. They can walk or do other things without any memory of do other things without any memory of doing so. doing so. – Mostly associated with childrenMostly associated with children– Linked to Stress, fatigue & the use of Linked to Stress, fatigue & the use of

sedativessedatives– Can also be inheritedCan also be inherited

SLEEP TALKING:SLEEP TALKING:

Common disruptionCommon disruption

Most people talk in their sleep but don’t Most people talk in their sleep but don’t remember it.remember it.

Occurs in both REM and Non-REM sleep Occurs in both REM and Non-REM sleep modes.modes.– You can engage a sleep talker in a You can engage a sleep talker in a

conversation.conversation.– HarmlessHarmless