sm-wk0010 eia study

8/16/2019 SM-Wk0010 EIA Study

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Environmental AssessmentTools

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)


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Learning outcome

1. Understand the concept of EIA as one of thesignificant assessment tools in sustainability

management study2. Apply concept of EIA and to predict

environmental degradation and proposeappropriate mitigation measures

3. Evaluate the importance of EIA for LCA and CBAanalysis for short- and long-term goals


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Our original nature


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Development


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Three Gorjes Dam in China


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Three Gorjes Dam in China : Before

and after construction


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Measurement of impacts

Type of Environmental Problem

(1) Erosion and Landslides

(3) Water Pollution

(4) Losses in Biodiversity

(5) Deterioration of Health


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Reality

•

Intensive developmentα

environmentaldegradation (damage)

• Intensity of damage α type of development

(e.g., housing, resort, hotel, highway, factory,

bridge and….)

• How to reduce the damages?

•How to preserve our current environment to ourfuture generation?


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What is environmental assessment

tools?

• What is EIA?

• Why EIA is a necessary

requirement before conducting

any project?

• How EIA study could provide

benefits to sustainability

management study?


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What is EIA

• EIA is process to identify, predict, evaluate and

communication information about the impacts on

the environment of a proposed project and to detail

out the mitigating measures prior to projectapproval and implementation


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Development of EIA in Malaysia

•

EIA fits into the overall scheme of environmentalmanagement.

– Pollution control is essentially a curative process and

preventive process

– Decrease environmental degradation

– It seeks to avoid costly mistakes in project planning

and development

Due to environmental losses, modification that probably required

subsequently to make the project environmentally acceptable to the

government and to the community


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EIA : legal requirement in

Malaysia•

EIA is required under section 34A, Environmental Quality Act, 1974.

• It provides EIA prescribed activities which may have significant

environmental impacts (including human health and economic)

• Under this legislation, project initiator of a prescribed activity must submit a

report (TOR) of the EIA to the Director General of Environment Quality for

approval of proposed activity.

• The EIA report must follow the EIA guidelines issued by DOE, including

assessment of the impact of prescribed activity on the environment, and

detail the proposed measures (mitigation action plan) to prevent, reduce or

control adverse impacts on the environment


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The project cycle & integration of environmental activities

Assessment of significantimpacts, identification ofmitigation needs, input to

cost/benefit analysis

Detailed design of mitigationmeasures, preparation ofenvironmental management

plan

Implementation ofmitigation measures and

environmentalmanagement plan

Environmental monitoringand auditing, lessons for

future projects

Environmental screening, siteselection, project options,

scoping of significant issues

Baseline study : Pre-

feasibility

Baseline study :

Feasibility

Design and

engineering

Implementation

Monitoring and

evaluation

Project

concept


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Principles of Environmental Impact (risk) Assessment

Problem context

Problem definition M o n i t o r i n g a n d r e v i e w

Risk evaluation-conclusion-

Risk treatmentMitigation option and

actions

Risk characterization

•Likelihood of exposure

•Consequence of exposure

C o m m

u n i c a t i o n a n d c o n

s u l t a t i o n

Problem formulation and its

effect to environment, impacts to

economic and human health

R i s k

A s s e s s m e n t

I n t e g r a t i o n o f

E n v i r o n m e n t a l

A c t i v i t i e s

scoping


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• SCOPING : Identification of problems is acritical steps in the EIA process because itensures EIA focused on the significant effects,

so that time and money are wasted onunnecessary investigations.

• The main propose of SCOPING :- – Only important issues to be considered in an EIA

– The appropriate time and space boundaries of the EIA

– Necessary information for decision-making

– Focus only to significant effects and factors to be studiedin detail.

Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment


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Why EIA study is importance?

?

Proposed project/activity

InputOutput

Effective measurement to measure the effect of the

proposed project to the existing environment (e.g.,

land, water, air, flora and fauna, and humans)

Mitigation

actionsEnvironmental

inventory


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Roles and responsibility

• Department of environment

• Project Initiator

•

EIA Consultant/Assessor• Review panel

• The Environment Related Agency

• The Public• Approving Authority (Government

Authority)


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Prescribed activities1. AGRICULTURE

2. AIRPORT

3. DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION4. LAND RECLAMATION

5. FISHERIES

6. FORESTRY

7. HOUSING INDUSTRY INFRASTRUCTURE

8. PORTS

9. MINING10. PETROLEUM

11. POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

12. QUARRIES

13. RAILWAYS

14. TRANSPORTATION

15. RESORT AND RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

16. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

17. WATER SUPPLY


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Detailed eia procedure1. Iron and steel industry

2. Pulp and paper mills

3. Cement plant

4. Construction of coal fired power plant

5. Construction of dams for water supply andhydroelectric power schemes

6. Land reclamation

7. Incineration plant (scheduled wastes and solid

waste)8. Construction of municipal solid waste landfill facility

(including municipal solid waste transfer station)


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9. Project involving land clearing where 50% of the area ormore having slopes exceeding 25 degree (except quarry)

10. Development of tourist or recreational facilities on islandsin surrounding waters which are gazette as nationalmarine parks.

11. Logging covering an area exceeding 500 hectares or more

12. Construction of recovery plant (off-site) for lead-acidbattery wastes.

13. Non-ferrous-primary smelting

14. Scheduled wastes recovery or treatment facility generatingsignificant amount of wastewater located upstream of

public water supply intake

Detailed eia procedure


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EIA report (Preliminary / Detail)

• Executive summary

• Title of project

• Project initiator

• Statement of need

• Project descriptions

• Project options

• Description of the existing environment

• Potential significant impacts

• Mitigation and abatement measures

•

Residual impacts• Summary of conclusions

• Data sources, consultations and public participation

• List of references


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Environmental Impact Assessment

Guidelines


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Environmental inventory

• Complete descriptions of environment as it exist in an area where aparticular proposed action is being considered. It compiled alldetails information below (natural environment/biophysicalenvironment and man-made environment):-1. Physical-chemical (soils, geology, topography, surface-water and

groundwater resources, water quality, air quality, and climatology)

2. Biological (flora and fauna

3. Cultural (historic and chaeological sites, and aesthetic resources(e.g., visual quality))

4. socioeconomic environments (humans in the environment, includingthe population trends and distribution, educational system,

transportation networks, infrastructure concern (e.g., water supply,water disposal, solid-waste-management, public service (e.g., policestation and hospital)


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Environmental assessment on the existing

physical and chemical properties

• Land

• Surface water

• Groundwater

• Atmosphere

• Noise


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Land

• Landforms(geomorphology)

• Soil profile

• Soil composition (type ofsoil, soil mineral, watercontent and others)

• Slope stability

• Subsidence and compaction

• Seismicity

• Flood plain / swamps• Land use

• Buffer zones

• Shoreline

• Bottom interface

• Flow variation

• Water quality

•Drainage pattern

• Water balance

• Flooding

• Existing use

Surface water


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• Air quality

• Air flow

• Climatic changes

• visibility

• Intensity

• Duration

• Frequency

Atmosphere Noise


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Groundwater

• Water table• Flow regime

• Water quality (pH, SS,BOD, COD, and

pollutants)• Recharge

• Aquifer characteristic

• Existing use

Example on water qualityassessment• pH (6-8)

• Pollutants

– Heavy metals (Cr7+. Hg2+, As2+)(> 0.01 mM)

– Chlorinated organiccompounds (e.g., PCE, TCE,cis-DCE)(>0.005 mM)

•Toxic chemicals

•Persistence in environment

•Difficult to degrade

•Significantly effect human health

f


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Identification and measurement

tools for selected pollutants

Identification of pollutants usingGC-MS

Propose suitable remediation treatment – research and laboratory work

•Chemical method

•Biological method (microorgamisms)

•Chemical-biological method

•

Integrated method (Biomimetic – soil minerals – microorganisms) method


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Time (hr)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

C / C

o

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0PCE

TCE 1,3-Butadiene

Ethene

Acetylene

Mass balance

Cis-DCE and VC

were not observed

Enhance degradation of PCE

by adding enzyme from

anaerobic bacteria

Integrated method (Biomimetic – soil

minerals – microorganisms) method

Advantages :

•Cost-effective

•Easy to implement at contaminated sites

•No addition chemicals to environment

•

Effective (no toxic by product was produced and fast degradation kinetic)


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Homework

1. As an EIA consultant, clear understanding on the significant

difference between preliminary EIA and Detail EIA studies is

necessary. Provide examples of these two EIA studies and

identify relevant assessment tools

2. Cost Benefit Analysis and Life Cycle Analysis are significant

assessment tools in EIA study. Do you agree with this

statement. Justify your answer by illustrating proper example.


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Thank you very much

sm-wk0010 eia study

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