smallholder guide for...

Plant Protection Module

DRAFT version - Nov09

Based on “GLOBALGAP Control Points and Compliance Criteria

Integrated Farm Assurance” (V3.0-2_Sep07, English Version)

GLOBALG.A.P.Smallholder Guide for

GLOBALG.A.P.

Introduction

© Copyright: GLOBALGAP c/o FoodPLUS GmbHSpichernstr. 55, D-50672 Cologne, Germany Tel: +49 221 57 993 25; Fax: +49 221 57993 56

www.globalgap.org

Table of content

1. ......................................................................

2. Integrated Pest Management......................................

3. Check the product.......................................................

4. Storage.......................................................................

5. Application equipment.................................................

6. Records ......................................................................

7. After application..........................................................

8. Empty containers and obsolete products....................

8. Residue analysis.........................................................

Training 2

3

4

7

9

11

12

14

Page no.

GLOBALGAP has become an important standard not only for large-scale farms but also for smallholders all

around the world. GLOBALGAP implementation can improve the farm management practices of smallholders, and

GLOBALGAP certification can be a tool for smallholders to access the global market and to be integrated into the

global supply chain. However, compliance to the standard remains a challenge to the smallholders with low level

of literacy and financial means.

This Guide can be used by farmers who want to understand the standard requirement, by trainers who implement

the standard in small-scale farms and by any non-technical person who wishes to understand what the

standard talks about.

The bottom page of each section refers to “Relevant GLOBALGAP Control Points” that are covered in the section.

This Guide covers all the Control Points of the following sections.

GLOBALGAP All Farm Base Module

AF 3. Workers Health, Safety and Welfare (Some control points are covered in this booklet. The

others are covered in “Smallholder Guide - Environmental and Social Module -.”)

GLOBALGAP Crop Base Module

CB 7. Integrated Pest Management

CB 8: Plant Protection Products”

This Guide focuses on the theme of plant protection. Other themes will be covered in separate Guides. For further

information and detail on the standard requirement, please refer to the original standard document: “GLOBALGAP

Control Points and Compliance Criteria - Integrated Farm Assurance” (V3.0-2_Sep07, English Version).

Code Ref: SG_PPMVersion: DRAFT_Nov09

Page: 1

This Smallholder Guide provides guidance on how smallholders can comply with the standard in simple and

effective ways. This is not a normative document that prescribes what to be done on smallholder farms, but is a

guidance document to provide examples, tips and suggestions for implementation.

Disclaimer

Smallholder Guide(Not a normative document)

GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

1. Training

1.

2.

3.

4.

GAP of the crop

IPM of the crop

Safe handling of chemicalsand dangerous equipments

First aid

You can attend a formal training course, if it exists. If it does not exist, you can organize training as a group. As long as the trainer is qualified, a group member can conduct the training, or the group can contract an external person.

Each person needs to be trained in the area of his/her work. The following chart illustrates which training you must have, depending on the way the group is organized.

Not only farm managers but also each worker needs to have a trainingrelevant to their work. Bring all the workers to attend the training.

After training, make sure that you receive a certificate as a proof of participation.

GAP training

First aid training

Introducing pheromone trap at IPM training

Safe handling of pesticide training

Training is key to ensure that the standard is implemented by everyone involved. Make sure that the producers and their workers have been trained on the following themes.

Make sure that they also receive a certificate and understood the training.


Page: 2Smallholder Guide(Not a normative document)

GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

2. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Chemical application is not the only way to protect your plants. There are many things you can do to preventand to control pests and diseases on your farm without using chemicals.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is not about organic farming. It is a way to prevent, monitor and controlpests and diseases on your farm with the combination of biological, mechanical and chemical methods.

Principle 1: Prevention

Example:- Crop rotation - Selecting a site without

pest and disease history- Increasing organic matter content in the soil

- Mulches

- Use of pest-free planting materials - Weed control (Weed is a host of various pests.)

- Disinfection of equipment (e.g. pruning saws)

Principle 2: Observation and Monitoring

Example:- Regular inspection of pests - Identification of natural enemies - Use of pheromone traps for

pest monitoring

- Use of threshold levels for decision making



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

Principle 3: Intervention

Example:- Use of natural enemies - Use of traps - Non-chemical plant protection products

- Using less toxic plant protection products - Alternate plant protection products to prevent resistance development

Only when you have exhausted non-chemical methods, chemical application should be considered as the last resort. See the next sections for the responsible choice, storage and application of chemicals.

- Control weeds manually or mechanically instead of spraying herbicide



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

3. Check the product

2. What are the protective clothing you have to use? (Check the label.)

3. Is the product registered in your country?

4. Is the product not banned in EU or in the intended market?

If you do not use appropriate protective clothing, you and your workers are expose to acute and/orchronic intoxication.

Create a list of all the chemicals used by the group members. So that the above information can be verified right away.

Overall

GlovesBoots

Filtered maskFace shield

Keep the invoice of the products you buy. This will help you traceback the information about the product later on.

Make sure that the product is not banned and is suitable for your crop. Before you use, check the following.

1. Is the product recommended for your target crop? (Check the label.) It should be allowed for the crop and for the pest or disease.



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

4. Storage

Plant protection products are dangerous to human health. If you leave them in open places, children orother people may touch them, and there could be sad accidents. Before it is too late, store them in asecure place.

If you only have a few products, you do not need to construct a building as your storage. You can beinnovative to create an inexpensive storage that meets the criteria. See examples below.

If you have a storage room, it should have a window for air and light to come through. Without a window,toxic gas may accumulate in the room. You need light to be able to read the labels well.

Keep the products in original container. If you put it in a different container, you andothers may get confused about what is inside, and the product could be used mistakenly.

Metal drum storage Fire-resistant, soundand secure material

Shelves do not absorb chemicals.

Warning sign

Emergency contacts Emergency procedure

Powders above liquidsLocked with key (Key is keptby a trained person.)

Fire-resistant, soundand secure material

Warning sign

Emergency contacts

Emergency procedure

Locked with key

Make sure that the drum was not originally used for a plant protection product.

Metal trunk storage

Space to retain spillage

Cement the drum to theground to avoid falling overand theft.

The entire space canretain spillage.

Liquids and powders separated

Window for air and light

Pesticide in a water bottle

Cement it to theground to avoidtheft



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

Example of a stock inventory form

Example of separated shelves with labels

Protective clothing in the storage

In order to keep track of the productscoming in and out, update a stock inventoryat least every 3 months.

If you have plant protection products for differentcrops, label them separately to avoid confusion.

Keep plant protection products away from any other things (produce, protective clothing etc.) toavoid contamination.

First aid kit

You should have access to safety information about the products, so that you would know what to dowhen an accident happens. You should always have a first aid kit and water to wash eyes, in caseof accident.

In case some product spills, you need tohave tools to clean the spillage.

In order to measure the product accurately, you need to have proper measuring tools. Verify them with calibrated equipment annually. Scale

Measuring cup

ShovelSand

Broom

Plastic bag

Shelves for mangoprotection products

Shelves for productsfor a rotation crop

Water for eye wash



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

5. Application equipment

Example of how to calculate discharge per time of your knapsack

Discharge water into a measuring cup for a certain time(e.g. 1 minute).

Divide the amount of water by time to know the dischargeper second or per minute.

Example of a maintenance form for knapsack

Example of a calibration form for knapsack

2. Conduct calibration of the machinery at least once a year to know the discharge per time or discharge per area.

1. Check the condition of the machinery before use. If there is any problem, do the necessary maintenance.

In order to apply the product accurately, make sure that your machinery is working well.



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

You can use an alternative measuring equipment,such a can. Make sure that the can is calibrated with ascale or a measuring cup for each product in advance.Also ensure that the cans are not used for other purpose.

Measuring cups Scales Tomato cans

In order to apply the product accurately, make sure that you have appropriate measuring equipment.

Example of a calibration form for knapsack

Example of how to calculate discharge per area of your knapsack (useful to herbicide application)

Spray water over a marked area to find out how much water you will discharge.

Calculate how much water your knapsack discharges for 1ha.



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

6. Records

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.

Crop/ varietyLocationDateProduct trade nameActive ingredientOperatorReason for applicationQuantityMachinery usedPre-harvest intervalRe-entry intervalSignature of a technical person

Records can be written by producers or by the technical manager of the group. When the records arewritten by the producers, the technical manager should check them regularly to ensure that they arewritten correctly.

Example of plant protection record form

You can calculate the cost of production by using the record of inputs.

You can evaluate your applications by comparing the records over time.

You can prove to the others that you have done correct application.

You can use the record to know when you can harvest your produce.

You can use the record to know when you can enter the sprayed field.

Your customer wants to know whether you have used only approved products in the right way.

In case there is any problem (e.g. MRL exceedance), you can use the record to find out whatcould be the cause of the problem.

Record keeping is important for various reasons.

Keep records of the following items.



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

During the re-entry interval period, keep a warning sign at the site to indicate that the site has been sprayed.



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

7. After application

It is recommended that those who apply plant protection products take annual health check at a hospital. If chemicals have entered into your body during application, you may have an unexpected health problem.

Wash the equipment and protective clothing at the site. Do not bring the protective clothing home to wash with other laundry, because the chemical on it would contaminate other clothes and the person who washes it.

Make sure that the knapsack is empty. If any solution is left, dispose it at a designated fallow area (:area where no crop is grown and far away from water source or human activities).



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

8. Empty containers and obsolete products

Chopsticks kept in agermicide container

This incinerator can produce a temperature of between 800~950oC, and give a thorough combustion with hardly any ash. For more detail, check “Container Incineration: A practical guide” by BAA.

If there is an official collection system, you can use the service to dispose the containers. If there is nocollection system and the local legislation allows burning, you can use the following incinerator made of a metal drum, designed by British Agrochemicals Association Ltd. (BAA).

Keep them labeled and stored safely until disposal.

When a product is finished, rinse the container with water 3 times. Put the rinsate back into the knapsack.

Puncture the container so that it would not be used again. Do not reuse the containers, unless you put the same product.

1. Make holes on a 210 L drum.

2. Put a mesh inside

3. Put papers on the mesh 4. Put containers 5. Put papers under mesh 6. Set fire from the hole

7. Let it burn



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

Keep the expired products labeled and stored safely until disposal.



GLOBALG.A.P.


www.globalgap.org

9. Residue analysis

As a final test of your produce, residue analysis is conducted to prove that there is no Maximum Residue Level (MRL) exceedance.

When you get the result of residue testing, check whether all the results are below the MRLs of the countries where the produce will be sold.

The group should have an action plan in case of MRL exceedance.

The group can decide how to take samples for residue testing. When samples from different farms are mixed and the results find the MRL exceedance, all the sampled farms need to be tested again. When possible,test samples from different farms separately.

The laboratory needs to be accredited or on the way of accreditation againstISO17025 or equivalent.

Residue testing can be organized by the group itself, or the group canask its client to send the result of the testing, if it is conducted by the client.

1. Use the traceability code to identify the farm and plot where the produce came from.2. Identify the cause of the problem.3. Depending on the cause, decide whether to recall the produce from the same plotor from the entire farm, or the produce packed/shipped on the same day.4. Trace all the produce to be recalled and identify where they are.5. Contact all customers who have the produce to be recalled.6. Arrange transport to bring back the produce.7. Destroy all the recalled produce.8. Take remedial actions so as to prevent the problem from happening again.9. Notify the customers about the remedial actions taken.10. Notify the CB about the withdrawal of produce.11. Conduct residue testing of the recalled produce to verify the exceedance detected.

Residue test result

Example of an action plan

Read the original GLOBALGAP CPCC, “Integrated Farm Assurance - Crop Base - Annex CB.4” for more detail.

Withdrawal procedure in case of MRL exceedance



smallholder guide for...

Documents