Smart Electricity Grid Security and Interoperability

Gianluca Fulli - 25/10/16, Rome

Including a New deal for

consumers based on:

• Market reform

• Access to information

• Consumer choices

• Interoperability

The five dimensions of the Energy Union

2

RENEWABLES

INTEGRATION AND

SECURITY STUDIES

SMART GRID

LABS INVENTORY

BENCHMARKING

SMART-METERING

DEPLOYMENT

GUIDELINES FOR

SMART GRID COST-

BENEFIT ANALYSISAssess

Simulate and Test

Observe

INTEROPERABILITY

TESTING AND REAL TIME

SIMULATION

SMART GRID

PROJECT OUTLOOK

…

…

…

ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu

JRC smart electricity systems & interoperability

3

How consumers get electricity today

4

How a smart grid might look like

Key challenges: integration and interoperability of

components, information, systems and applications

Member States target

different smart grids

applications:

• Demand response

• Smart network mgmt

• Distr. gen. & storage

• Large scale RES

• Others

DG JRC, 2016 provisional

DG JRC, 2016 provisional

• Smart grid investment:

more than €5 B over

last decade (excl.

smart meters)

• DE, UK, FR top smart

grid investors (€2.3 B)

• But SI, DK lead

investments per capita

or consumed energy

Projects' stage of development

• Almost thousand projects: 58% R&D

• Budget: 65 % Demonstration

• Smart Network Management, Demand

Side Management: leading applications

DG JRC, 2016 provisional

Large-scale roll-out plans of electricity

smart meters by 2020:

• 195 million meters, € 35 B

• ~ 72% EU consumers

• 22 Cost-Benefit Analyses, 17

Member States

DG ENER, JRC, 2014

Electricity security as multi-faceted problem: scales, threats, dimensions,…

Market and regulation dimension

Source dimension

Infrastructure dimension

VERY LONG-TERM

(up to decades)

LONG-TERM(up to years)

MID-TERM(up to

days/weeks)

SHORT-TERM(up to

seconds/mins)

Geopolitical dimension

Nuclear energy phase-out,…

Short circuits, unplanned outages,..

Cyber attack to control centre,…

Scarcity of back-up capacity,…

Unplanned reverse power

flows,..

Threats: natural, accidental, malicious, system

Fulli PhD work 2016 10

• Standards key to develop and integrate

information security into smart grids

• Risk management for technical, process

and people viewpoints

• Privacy concerns (misuse of remote

functionality or private data)

• …and interoperability?

Smart grid information/cyber security – standardisation initiative

11

Why do we test interoperability?

• Standards: might feature overlapping,

interrelated requirements and options

• Technologies/functionalities might be

incompatible (esp. at their interfaces)

• Regulatory issues might prevent

functions and interface implementations

Few standards have been tested

against interoperability European Interoperability Centre for

Electric Vehicles & Smart Grids12

Smart grid interoperability - International Lab Cooperation

EU

Smart Grid Interoperability Lab

POLITODENERG

AachenUniversity

EV-Smart Grid IOP Centre

Power Systems

Engineering Centre

13

Emerging actors and ICT

platforms for flexibility and

demand response (e.g.

municipalities, housing

associations)

Who is investing in smart grids? DSOs top investors

Research & academia

active in more projects

DG JRC, 2016 provisional 14

Smart grid projects Italy

(budget-organisations)

DG JRC, 2016 provisional

• Private resource and

tariffs main source:

45%

• EC funding: 25%

• In all countries, public

support (EU and

national) still key for

smart grid investments

Funding sources

DG JRC, 2016 provisional

EU funding instruments (2014-2020)

• CP - Cohesion Policy, aiming at 'economic, social and

territorial cohesion' and 'reducing disparities‘ - 3 funds:

• European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

• European Social Fund (ESF)

• Cohesion Fund (CF)

• CEF - Connecting Europe Facility, trans-European

infrastructure of highest European added value

• EFSI - European Fund for Strategic Investments, Mobilising

private financing for strategic investments (RES, infra,…)

• Horizon 2020,…

17

• Smart specialisation: precondition ('ex-ante

conditionality') for Cohesion Policy funding

• JRC helping answering questions: What my

region/country is best at? How to be competitive

using our strengths? Can efforts of

regions/countries be combined?

• Bottom-up participatory process rather than top-

down approach

• 'Entrepreneurial discovery' with all relevant

stakeholders

Smart specialisation Energy priorityJRC support to Cohesion Policy

through smart specialisation

18

JRC support to Connecting Europe Facility

via Projects of Common Interest

19

• Smart grids (distribution-transmission): JRC

proposing the reference methodology (cost-

benefit analysis) to assess smart grids

Projects of Common Interest

• Trans-European energy infrastructure

(transmission): JRC supporting the EC

regional groups in assessing and ranking

transmission Projects Of Common Interest

Final messages

• EU leader in smart grid investments but non-EU economies catching up

• Selecting and updating security standards and measures crucial for

European smart grid reliability

• Smart grid will only work if all conditions are right (technology, regulation,

consumers, business value, etc)

• Need to investigate and test systemic integration of different solutions under

real-life conditions and their interaction with end-users (interoperability)

• Funding key to support the smart grid R&D and demonstration activities

20

Gianluca FULLI

http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Microgrids

&

Distributed Energy

Resources

Advanced Metering

Infrastructuree-Mobility

Grid Management

&

Automation

Smart HomeDemand

Response

Areas of work

22

ICT infrastructureIspra Smart Grid Interoperability Laboratory

RTS

Power Amplifier

90 kVA

Communications & control

Charging station22kW/60kW

BSS225kW/75kW

EVs

PV60kW/10kW

Energy Recovery System160kW

Smart Meters

IEDs, protection, automation …

23

24

• Specific regions/cities are

investing more in smart

grids R&D and pilots

• Local circumstances and

features steer investments

DG JRC, 2016 provisional

• Based on EU Treaty and aiming at 'economic, social

and territorial cohesion' and 'reducing disparities'

• Major reform for the 2014-2020 period and alignment

with Europe 2020 goals

• Three funds:

• European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

• European Social Fund (ESF)

• Cohesion Fund (CF)

• Total of € 352 billion over 2014-2020 concentrated in

less developed regions

Cohesion Policy

DG REGIO 25

inclu

siv

esu

sta

inab

lesm

art 1. Research and innovation

2. Information and Communication Technologies

3. Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

4. Shift to a low-carbon economy

5. Climate change adaptation and risk management & prevention

6. Environmental protection and resource efficiency

7. Sustainable transport and removal of key bottlenecks

8. Employment and support for labour mobility

9. Social inclusion and poverty reduction

10. Education, skills and lifelong learning

11. Increased institutional capacity and effectiveness of public administration

European Regional Development Fund - Thematic Objectives

DG REGIO 26

27

• Commission and Member States agree on Partnership Agreements at national level and

Operational Programmes (OPs) - targeting specific Thematic Objectives - at national/regional

level.

• Programmes managed by Managing Authorities at national/regional level.

• EU funds always complemented by public or private funding –national, regional level or EIB.

• Member States alone select and implement projects in line with priorities of the OPs

(principle of 'shared management') but for major projects.

• Monitoring Committees (MCs) monitors implementation of OPs, Commission participates in

advisory capacity.

Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 - How it works

DG REGIO