smart labs labs21
DESCRIPTION
Creating Smart Energy Efficient LabsTRANSCRIPT
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Smart Lab Buildings
Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Facilities Management / Environmental
Health & Safety Matt Gudorf Interim Campus Energy Manager, Energy
Project Manager
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University of California, Irvine
Large research university$16M annual utilities budget
Lab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyMany energy initiatives to reduce carbon
footprint
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Campus Energy $avingsTeam Synergy
SafetyManagement
Visionary & Supportive
UpperManagement
Engineers
FacilityManagers
Patience
Supportive Users/Researchers
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Agenda
• Smart Lab Overview • Centralized Demand Controlled
Ventilation• Low Flow Fume Hoods• Exhaust System Optimization• Laboratory Smart Lighting Controls• Smart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall
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Balancing Lab Safety &
Climate Safety• Create lab buildings that out perform
ASHRAE 90.1 / CA Title 24 by 50%
• Combine energy initiatives such as– Centralized demand controlled
ventilation (CDCV)– Low flow (high performance) fume hoods– Reduced building exhaust stack
airspeeds– Energy-efficient lighting
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Labs w/CDCVreal time lab air monitoring4 ach occupied2 ach unoccupied
Energy efficientlighting
Labs with low flow fume hoods(as appropriate)
Smart Lab Building Concept
Building Exhaust System
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Smart Lab Parameters
Current Best Practice Smart Lab Parameters
Air-handler/filtration airspeeds 400 ft/min. max 350 ft/min. max
Total system (supply + exhaust) pressure-drop 6 in. w.g. <5 in. w.g. (incl. dirty filter allow.)
Duct noise attenuators Few None
Occupied lab air-changes/hr. (ACH) 6 ACH 4 ACH w/contaminant sensing
Night air-change setback (unoccupied) No setback 2 ACH w/occupancy + contaminant sensing + no thermal inputs during setbacks
Low-flow/high-performance fume hoods No Yes, where hood density warrants
Fume hood face-velocities 100 FPM 70 FPM (low-flow hoods)
Fume hood face-velocities (unoccupied) 100 FPM 40 FPM (low-flow hoods)
Fume hood auto-closers None Where hood density high
Exhaust stack discharge velocity ~3,500 FPM Reduce or eliminate bypass air, wind responsive controls
Lab illumination power-density 0.9 watt/SF 0.6 watt/SF w/LED task lighting
Fixtures near windows on daylight sensors No Yes
Energy Star freezers & refrigerators No Yes
Out-perform CA Title 24 20-25% 50%
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Agenda
• Smart Lab Overview • Centralized Demand Controlled
Ventilation• Low Flow Fume Hoods• Exhaust System Optimization• Laboratory Smart Lighting Controls• Smart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall
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CDCV & Energy $avings Monitor Air
ContaminantsReduce air changes per hour
(ACH) if no contaminants detected
Increase air changes per hour (ACH)
when contaminants detected
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Question: Is Increased ACH Safer?
• “Specification of Airflow Rates in Laboratories” by Tom Smith, Exposure Control Technologies
• Conclusions: – ACH as a metric for dilution is “too simplistic”– Need to take into account other factors that
lead to exposure, including contaminant generation rate, air mixing, etc.
– “Increased airflow may increase contaminant generation and distribution throughout the space”
– May lead to “false sense of safety”
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Answer: Not Necessarily
• Alternatives to simply increasing ACH:
– Base air exchange rate on contaminant generation
– Review lab practices – Attain proper air mix ratios – Reduce overall ACH to save energy
and increase ACH as needed via “smart controls”
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CA Ventilation Code Requirements:
• Effective 1/2008• Refers to ASHRAE 62.1-2004• New construction• No category for university research labs
B “Research” Labs: 0.43cfm/sf Therefore: 12 ft ceiling = 2.15 ACH10 ft ceiling = 2.58 ACH8 ft ceiling = 3.23 ACH
B“Science Classroom”/L (H-8): 1 cfm/sf
California MechanicalCode 2007
• In effect through December 2007•Existing construction
B Labs: 6 ACH H-8 Labs: 1 cfm/sf Therefore:12 ft ceiling = 5 ACH10 ft ceiling = 6 ACH8 ft ceiling = 7.5 ACH
California Building Code 2001
CommentsVentilation Requirements Code in Effect
Need “Alternative Means of Protection” from CA State Fire Marshal
for Less Than Minimum Required Ventilation
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Agenda
• Smart Lab Overview • Centralized Demand Controlled
Ventilation• Low Flow Fume Hoods• Exhaust System Optimization• Laboratory Smart Lighting Controls• Smart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall
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Sash
AirfoilWork
Surface
Exhaust Plenum
Baffle
Increased Hood Depth
Operate safely at lower face velocities (i.e. 70 FPM rather than 100 FPM)
Low Flow (high performance) Fume Hoods
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Benefits of Low Flow Fume Hoods – UCI Study 2008
• Both traditional and low flow fume hoods UC Irvine subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 tests
• Low flow hoods performed better than standard hood at 80 & 100 fpm with fully open sash and at 18” open sash– Tracer gas results were well under 0.1ppm “as used”
ASHRAE criteria– Low flow hoods save significant energy, particularly in
constant volume systems– Low flow hoods may be a good solution in buildings
with limited HVAC capacity
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Flow & Cost ComparisonHVAC System Type and Fume Hood Equipment
Flow at 100 fpm nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per CFM
Flow at 80 fpm nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per CFM
Flow at 70 fpm nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per CFM
Constant Air Volume
900 CFM$4500
720 CFM$3600
630 CFM$3150
Variable Air Volume (VAV)
Good: 682 CFM/$3410Poor: 851 CFM/$4255
Good: 568 CFM/$2840Poor: 686 CFM/$3430
Good: 511 CFM/$2555Poor: 604 CFM/$3020
VAV with ZPS Good: 492 CFM/$2460Poor: 558 CFM/$2790
Good: 470 CFM/$2350Poor: 539 CFM/$2695
Good: 462 CFM/$2310Poor: 530 CFM/$2650
VAV with ASC 361 CFM$1,805
343 CFM$1,715
335 CFM$1,675
VAV with Perfect Sash Management
343 CFM$1,715
331 CFM$1,655
325 CFM$1,625
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Agenda
• Smart Lab Overview • Centralized Demand Controlled
Ventilation• Low Flow Fume Hoods• Exhaust System Optimization• Laboratory Smart Lighting Controls• Smart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall
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Lab Building Exhaust
Wind
Exhaust Fan Bypass Damper
Plenum
Fume Hood
Supply Fan Duct
Balcony
Re-Entrainment of Contaminated Air
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Wind Tunnel TestingChallenge Conservative
Assumptions
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Wind Tunnel Testing
• Build model of campus• Install model stacks• An abundance of air
sampling point receptors
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Slightly higher stacks, 4-5 feet
Variable speed fans (reduce exhaust fan flows)Install wind responsive equipment (if needed)
Reduce or eliminate bypass air
Exhaust Energy Reduction Solutions
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Original Stack Height
New Stack Height
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Croul Hall
• Install variable frequency drives (VFD)
• 8’ Stack Extensions• Static Pressure
Reset• Energy Savings:
344,000 kWh
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Agenda
• Smart Lab Overview • Centralized Demand Controlled
Ventilation• Low Flow Fume Hoods• Exhaust System Optimization• Laboratory Smart Lighting
Controls• Smart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall
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Lab Area LPD from 1.1 to 0.6
Lab Prep LPD from 1.0 to 0.4
Prep Room LPD from 2.0 to 1.0
Corridor LPD from 0.6 to 0.3
Lighting Controls Reduce Power Density by
50%
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Lamp and Ballast• Replace existing 32 watt T8 lamps with
25 watt T8 lamps• Replace existing NLO instant start
ballast with RLO program start ballast– In renovation projects, use reduced light
output (RLO) electronic ballasts in building spaces lighted with fluorescent lamps where slightly lower light levels will suffice. RLO ballasts produce approximately 75% of rated light output and use 12% to 20% less power than standard NLO ballasts.
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Lower Blinds to Allow for
Daylighting
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Fixture Closest to the Window is OFF
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Manual Switch to Occupancy
Sensor
50% Auto On - Manual to 100%
A-B CIRCUITING
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Auto on to 50% Light Level
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Gross Hall Perforated Blinds
• High performance glazing
• Perforated blinds allow diffuse light to enter the space when closed
• Reduced glare• Increased
occupant control
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Agenda
• Smart Lab Overview • Centralized Demand Controlled
Ventilation• Low Flow Fume Hoods• Exhaust System Optimization• Laboratory Smart Lighting Controls• Smart Lab Case Study: Gross
Hall
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Bill & Sue Gross HallA Smart & Sustainable
Design
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Gross Hall Features• Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation - real-time indoor air
quality monitoring, varies the ventilation rate
• Occupancy Based Controls - controls both ventilation system & lighting
• Natural Ventilation - operable windows linked with mechanical ventilation
• Smart Lighting Controls - daylighting sensors used with perforated blinds
• Energy Star Equipment - freezers, refrigerators, ice machines & copiers
• Air Handling System - larger components allow a low velocity system, reducing pressure drops throughout the system.
• Building Exhaust - right sized exhaust system eliminates bypass air
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Right Sized Air Handlers & Exhaust
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Operable Windows Interlocked with HVAC
System
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Smart Lab “Safety Net”
• Phoenix Controls Celeris® Display Panels– Currently in use
at Gross Hall– Programmed to
display ACH, occupancy status and ventilation offset information within lab
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Smart Lab “Safety Net”• Emergency General
Ventilation Purge “Red Button”– Fully opens general
exhaust ventilation valves
– Response within minutes
– Integrated alarm system
– Deactivates when button is pulled out
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Smart Lab “Safety Net”
• Occupant Training– Occupant welcome
brochure– “Red Button”
signage
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Estimated annual energy savings:• 890,080 kWh electrical with 193 kW demand
reduction• 22,464 therms of natural gas
Estimated annual energy cost savings:• $110,980 at $0.105/kWh and $0.78/therm
Savings by Design payment of $397,836 Exceeding Title 24 by 50%
Bid as a LEED New Construction (NC) Silver Design Build contractor proposed to increase the sustainable features to achieve LEED NC
Gold certification
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Smart Labs Considerations/Challenges
• Maintenance– Mechanical Repairs to Phoenix
system (poppets, valves, etc)– Software updates/adjustments to
Johnson Controls– Sensor calibration/replacement– Calibration of sash sensors, zone
presence sensors, etc.
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Smart Labs Considerations/Challenges
• Considerations– Lack of “universal” CDCV sensor for all
chemicals – CA requires variance from Cal/OSHA to
allow use of low flow hoods– Risk Assessment of lab operations needed
to select the appropriate smart controls
• Life cycle cost/payback analysis needed!
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Questions?
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Information Presented Today
• UC Irvine’s Smart Lab Retrofit Guide– http://slidesha.re/cXtEOz
• Smart Lab Buildings Presentation– http://
• CDCV The Commissioning, Lab Safety, and Energy Savings Tool– http://
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Thank You!