smart meter wireless safety summit
TRANSCRIPT
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 1/35
METERS
SMART GRID & SMART METERARCHITECTURE
SMART
Tom Wilson, BSEE
Green and Healthy HomesWireless Safety Summit
Washington DC, Oct. 5, 2011
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 2/35
HOW CAN THIS LITTLE METER BE SUCH A
BIG PROBLEM?
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 3/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 310/11/2011V1.0
1) SMART GRID OVERVIEW2) SMART METERS
3) SMART METER EXPOSURE LEVELS4) SMART METER MITIGATION
5) SMART METERS ISSUES
6) SUMMARY
OUTLINE
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 4/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 410/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID OVERVIEW
SMART GRID REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE
SOURCE : NIST Smart Meter Framework 1.0 Sept 2009NIST – NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS
SMART
METER
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 5/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 510/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID OVERVIEW
SOURCE : Edison Foundation
DEMAND RESPONSE
TYPICAL PEAK LOAD
LOAD WITH THERM
LOAD WITH THERM
& RATE INCENTIVE
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 6/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 610/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID OVERVIEW
SMART GRID REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE
SOURCE : NIST Smart Meter Framework 1.0 Sept 2009
NAN
HAN
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 7/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 710/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID OVERVIEW
SOURCE : Andres Carvallo, The Advanced Smart Grid
SMART GRID INDUSTRY ECO-SYSTEM
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 8/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 810/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID ARCHITECTURE
ADVANCED M ETERING I NFRASTRUCTURE ( AMI )
REFERENCE MODEL
NEIGHBORHOOD
AREA
NETWORK
(NAN)
HAN 1
HAN 2
HAN 3
HAN n
BACKHAUL
NETWORK
AMI ENTERPRISE
LAN
METRO
NETWORK
SOURCE : Smart Grid Communications architectural Framework, Sonoma Innovation
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 9/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 910/11/2011V1.0
SMART METERS
N EIGHBORHOOD AREA N ETWORK ( NAN )
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 10/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1010/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID ARCHITECTURE
H OME AREA N ETWORK ( HAN )
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 11/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1110/11/2011V1.0
SMART GRID ARCHITECTURE
H OME AREA N ETWORK ( HAN )
SOURCE : GE Demand Response Enabled Appliances/Home Energy Management System
GE Home-to-Grid Demand Response Solution
12 Zigbee Transmitters @ 60 mW each Enables Demand Response
NAN
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 12/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1210/11/2011V1.0
SMART METERS
SMART METERANALOG METER
RESIDENTIAL
SMART METER
COMMERCIAL
SMART METER
ELECTIC POWER
WATER
GAS
SMART METER TYPES
MULTI
FAMILY
DWELLING
SINGLE
FAMILY
DWELLING
A device that measures & registers the integral of the electrical quantity with respect to time.
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 13/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1310/11/2011V1.0
SMART METERS
History – 1851 1st Gas Meter
– 1872 Electric Meter Invented
– 1889 1st “Spinning Disk” Power Meter
– 1980s Solid State/Digital Meters
– 1990s 1st AMR
– 2009 Smart Meters w/ 2-way Communications
Evolution – Mechanical – Electromechanical
– Electronic
HISTORY OF METERING
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 14/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1410/11/2011
V1.0
SMART METERS
SMART METER TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
1 9 9 0 - 2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 8
2 0 0 9 +
3rd Generation
2ST Generation
1st Generation
Analog
1872 - 2005AMI – ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE
AMR – AUTOMATED METER READING
HAN – HOME AREA NETWORK
* SOURCE :1
EEI-AEIC-UTC White Paper - A Discussion of Smart Meters And RF Exposure Issues
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 15/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1510/11/2011
V1.0
Landis+Gyr 26%
Itron 24%
Sensus 21%
GE Energy 20%
Elster 5%
Echelon 3%
SMART METERS
SOURCE : Pike Research
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 16/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1610/11/2011
V1.0
SMART METERS
FCC ID: OWS-NIC507
FCC IDENTIFIER
http://transition.fcc.gov/oet/ea/fccid/
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 17/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1710/11/2011
V1.0
SMART METERS
FCC ID – Smart Meters should have an FCC ID number which uniquely
identifies the transmitter(s) parameters & exposures levels
– Typical FCC ID: SK9AMI-2A
Grantee Code: SK9 Product Code: AMI-2A
– Go to the FCC identification database
at http://transition.fcc.gov/oet/ea/fccid/
FCC IDENTIFIER
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 18/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1810/11/2011
V1.0
SMART METERS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 19/35www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 1910/11/2011
V1.0
SMART METERS
902-928 MHz
RF LAN
NAN MESH
850 or 1900 MHz
CELULAR
WAN
2405-2483 MHzZIGBEE
NAN MESH
TRANSMITTER OPTIONS
Three Smart Meter Smart Transmitter Options:
1. NAN Only End Point
2. NAN + HAN End Point
3. NAN + WAN + HAN Cell Relay
Up to two Transmitters can Simultaneously Transmit
Total Exposure = Σ Transmitters = NAN + WAN + HAN
HAN HOME AREA NETWORK
NAN NEIGHBORHOOD AREA NETWORK
WAN WIDE AREA NETWORK
End
PointMeters
Cell
RelayMeter
1 2 3
NAN
HAN
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 20/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2010/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER EXPOSURE LEVELS
100,000,000
10,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
100,000
1,000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
0.0000001
0.00000001
0.000000001
0.0000000001
µW/m2
µW/cm2
NONE
SLIGHT
SEVERE
EXTREME
FCC MPE @ 915 MHz = 601 µW/cm2
BUILDING BIOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
FCC
MAXIMUM
PERMISSIBLE
EXPOSURE
FCC MPE @ 2.4 GHz = 1,000 µW/cm2
FCC – FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
HAN – HOME AREA NETWORK
MPE – MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE
NAN – NEIGHBORHOOD AREA NETWORK
MAX SM NAN @ 900 MHz = 18.7 µW/cm2 MAX SM HAN @ 2.4 GHz = 9.0 µW/cm2
Smart Meters
Exceed Building
Biology Exposure
Limits
Transmit in 2.4 GHz
& 900 MHz bands – SIMULTANEOUSLY
Total Exposure
= Σ Transmitters
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 21/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2110/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER EXPOSURE LEVELS
California Council on Science
and Technology (CCST)
Cumulative whole
body exposure of
Smart Meters is two
orders of magnitude
less than a cell
phone.
SOURCE : California Council on Science and Technology, “Health Impacts of Radio Frequency from Smart
Meters”, 31 January 2011
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 22/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2210/11/2011V1.0
SOURCE : Daniel Hirsch, Comments on the Draft Report by the California Council on Science and Technology
“Health Impacts of Radio Frequency from Smart Meters”, 31 January 2011
SMART METER EXPOSURE LEVELS
California Council on Science
and Technology (CCST)
Cumulative whole
body exposure of
Smart Meters is two
orders of magnitudehigher than cell
phones.
After correcting for duty cycle and
dissimilar units….
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 23/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2310/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER EXPOSURE LEVELS
“Second-hand” microwave geography in Salt Lake City, Utah, Paul M. Torrens, Geography, Arizona
State University
“SECOND-HAND” RADIATION MAP IN SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
SOURCE :
Smart Meter Deployments are Significantly Increasing Electrosmog
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 24/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2410/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER RF FIELD MEASUREMENTS
1. FCC ID?
2. Location of meter
3. Location of neighbors meters
4. Signal strength in sleepingareas 5. Determine if shielding is an
option
RF SIGNAL METERwith om nidirect ional antenna
SMART METER
WAVE PATTERNtop view
SMART METER
RF WAVEFORMS
ARE SPHERICAL
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 25/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2510/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER MITIGATION
Smart Meter Opt-Out
– Difficult, costly, neighbors
Relocate Meter – Costly, neighbors
Distance
Shielding – Can be effective
Hardwire - NAN & HAN
– Long term solution – Every home has copper pairs
– Fiber optics is best
IBE 312 DISCUSSES RF MITIGATION IN DETAIL
SMART METER MITIGATION
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 26/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2610/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER MITIGATION
Shielding KitsInner Wall Shielding
13 - 23 dB Attenuation
Shielding Paint35 dB Attenuation
Shielding Window Foil14 - 33 dB Attenuation
Bed Shielding Canopies
10 – 44 dB
Microwave Shielding Fabric10 - 44 dB Attenuation
SHIELDING MATERIALS
SMART METER ISSUES
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 27/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2710/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER ISSUES
Proliferation of RF
Dirty Power
Privacy Concerns
SMART METER ISSUES
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 28/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2810/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER ISSUES
Proliferation of RF – 1 billion Smart Meters worldwide by 20202
– 65 million Smart Meters in US by 2020 50% Penetration of all US households
Push for ubiquity (100% Penetration)
– Equivalent to 22% Increase in Cellular Links Based on 302.9M US subscribers in 20101
– Multiple Transmitters per Smart Meter
– Multiple Transmitters per Home Area Network (HAN)
Smart Appliance Market: $3B to $15B by 20152
– Transmitters from Neighborho od Area Netwo rks (NAN)
SOURCES : 1 CTIA, 2 Zpryme
WIRELESS IS THE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SMART GRID
SMART METER ISSUES
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 29/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 2910/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER ISSUES
Dirty Power – Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Provide AC-to-DC to power conversion for smart meterelectronics
Distortion of power mains caused by switching regulator
Inrush current at the inputs results in “transients” in the formof harmonic distortion and noise
The home AC wiring serves as an antenna to propagate theseirregularities as electric or magnetic fields
SOURCE : Waveform image courtesy of Rob States, “Power Transient Measurements”
STARplug SMPS
SMART METER ISSUES
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 30/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 3010/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER ISSUES
Dirty Power – Power Line Communications (PLC)/Broadband-over-
Power Line (BPL) Anything external source that disturbs the pure sinusoidal
waveform of the power mains is undesirable
As with SMPS’ these incessant signals induce electric andmagnetic fields
SOURCE :
Noise Spike on AC Lines Modulated Data on AC Lines
SMART METER ISSUES
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 31/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 3110/11/2011V1.0
SMART METER ISSUES
Privacy Concerns – A Smart Meter is a stethoscope into our home
– Intimate & detailed information about appliance use,residency & profiled behavior patterns
– Commoditization of usage data Last industry not to sell information on its customers
– Utility company control of appliances Peak Load Management
– Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring (NALM) Energy Consumption Prediction using Voltage & Current
Changes
Example application that threatens our privacy
– Industry very resistant to Opt-Out
SMART METER ISSUES
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 32/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 3210/11/2011V1.0
CONSUMPTION DATA
PEAK = 7.18 kW
MEAN = 0.49 kW
DAILY LOAD FACTOR = 0.07 ENERGY CONSUPTION = 11.8 kWh
SMART METER ISSUES
Privacy Concerns
24 HOUR DAY
P O W E R , k W
HEATER
STOVE
TOASTER
WASHING
MACHINE
REFRIGERATOR
OVEN PREHEATING
OVEN CYCLING
HOT WATER HEATERSTOVE
SOURCE : NIST
SUMMARY
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 33/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 3310/11/2011V1.0
SUMMARY
The proliferation of RF will continue to
ramp RF is migrating closer and closer into
our personal space
HANs are likely to exceed even the FCCMPE levels, especially when combined
with other home wireless technologies
Smart Meters are programmable
devices with an industry seeking to
develop new applications that are likely
to go viral
SUMMARY
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 34/35
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net www.buildingbiology.net SLIDE 3410/11/2011V1.0
SUMMARY
Our private information will be
commoditized and sold We are turning our homes and
communities in large microwave ovens
We are participants in the largestbiological experiment on the planet
without our consent
8/20/2019 Smart Meter Wireless Safety Summit
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-meter-wireless-safety-summit 35/35
THANK YOU
Green and Healthy Homes
Tom Wilson, BSEE
321-328-8430
www.greenandhealthyhomes.net
International Institute for Bau-Biologie® &
Ecology
866-960-0333
www.buildingbiology.net