Smart Vehicular Traffic Density Analyzer--SVTDA

Presented by

ESSIEN IKANKE EDEM: ANU09140048

JOHN BAPTIST EWUSI-ANSAH: ANU09140198

LINUS ANTONIO OFORI AGYEKUM: ANU08130018

Under the supervision of

MR. ERIC SACKEY

in partial fulfillment for the award of degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

\

ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

KOFORIDUA

OCTOBER, 2012 9/22/2012 1

Objectives

To solve traffic congestion which is a severe

problem in many modern cities all over the world.

Using national electricity grid as well as

generating power from solar energy to improve upon

the power efficiency.

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Existing Technologies

The list below are some existing technologies for road

traffic signaling;

Human Based Signaling.

Constant Time Based Signaling.

Centralized System.

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Block Diagram

4

M I C R O C O N T R O L L E R

RED YELLOW GREEN

RED YELLOW GREEN

RED YELLOW GREEN

RED YELLOW GREEN

IR Receiver

(4-Junctions)

IR Transmitter

(4-Junctions)

National Grid

Solar Module

Automatic Power Switching Circuit NORTH SIDE

SOUTH SIDE

EAST SIDE WEST SIDE

Power Supply

Sensing Unit

Advantages Of SVTDA System

Power Efficient.

Time Saving.

Eliminates High Traffic Density.

High Accuracy.

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Automatic Power Switching Circuit

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Transmitter & Receiver Circuit

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Control Circuit

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Numerical Analysis Automatic Power switching calculations

To calculate for resistance value R2 to enable LED1, LED forward current must be

between the range of 5 mA and 20 mA.

Where

Vs = voltage supply = 5 V

VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V

ILED1= Current flowing through LED1 = 9 mA.

Hence

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To also calculate for the collector current for the relay switch RL1 built around

transistor Q1, the collector current is given by

Where

IC = Collector Current

VS = Supply Voltage=5 V

VBE = Emitter Base Current = 5 V

R1 = Base Resistance =2.2 k

= Common Emitter Current Gain = 100

Continued

Ic

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To also compute the +Vref of IC2, it is given by the formula below

Where

VBATT = Battery voltage = 5 V

R5 = 220

R4 = 220

Continued

Continued

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To also compute the +Vref of IC3, it is given by the formula below

Where

VBATT = Battery Voltage = 4 V

R8 = 220

R9 = 470

Hence

Continued

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Transmitter Circuit Calculation

To calculate for the value of R1 that will limit the current flowing through the IR LED

to a relatively high value on a scale of 1 mA to 40 mA

Where

VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V

VL = LED1 Voltage = 1.63 V

IIR-LED = 33.787 mA

Hence

Continued

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Traffic Indicator Calculation

To calculate for the limiting resistance value for R1 for LED1, the LED forward

current is in the range of 5 mA and 20 mA

Where

VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V

VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V

ITI-LED1 = Current Flowing Through LED1 = 13.5 mA

Hence

Continued

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Reset Circuit

To calculate the time taken for capacitor C3 to fully charge, the formula is given

below as;

Where

T = Time Constant

R9 = 10 k

C10 =10 F

Hence

System Specification

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Supply Power 5 V DC from National Grid & Solar

Current 1 A

Transmitter Infrared

Transmitter Frequency 38 kHz

Receiver Photodiode

Microcontroller AT89C51

Programming Tools & Software Kiel Vision 3.0, Matlab & NI Multism

Traffic Indicators Light Emitting Diodes

Architecture Of SVTDA System

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NORTH

SOUTH

WEST EAST

TX

RX

RX

TX

TX

RX

RX

TX

W I

E I N I

S I

N I North Indicator S I South Indicator E I East Indicator W I West Indicator