s.matejowski

8/10/2019 S.matejowski

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CulturePerception

Behaviour

Communication


2/19

Culture hides much more than i t reveals,

and strangely enough what i t hides,

i t hides most effect ively from i ts own

part ic ipants.

Years o f stud y have convin ced me that the

real job is no t to understand foreign cul ture

but to understand our own.

Edward T. Hall


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What is Culture ?

Culture is:

something that is shared by all or almost all

members of some social group,

something that the older members of the

group try to pass on to the younger

members,

something that shapes behaviour or

structures ones perception of the world.


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A Model of Human Behaviour

From G. Hofsteede, Cultures Consequences, Sage, London. 1984

ind iv idual

universal

CULTURE

genetic

conscious

learnt

unconscious


5/19

New experiences and perceptual encounters are rarely

neutral .

They are fol lowed by the assignment of status in relation

to personal /cul tural norm .

A value judgement - we assign values + / - on how

closely the exper ience being perceived matches our

own preference.


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Culture and Communication

Messages

There is never onemessage when people

communicate.

contextal

relational

Aspects:


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What is Culture ?

Culture refers to the total way of l i fe of a part icular grou p

of peop le. It includes everything th at a group o f people thinks,

says, does and makes. Cul ture is learned.

Francis Kluckhohn

Culture is the sum total of al l the bel iefs, values and no rms

shared by a group o f people.

Clifford Geertz

Culture means patterned ways of th inking , feel ing and react ing.

Robert Kohls

Cul ture is the col lec t ive programm ing of the minf w hichdis t inguishes the members of one human group from another.

Geert Hofstede

The w ay w e do th ing s aro un d here.


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Iceberg Model

Surface and Deep Culture

ArtifactsBehaviour

Norms

Values

Assumptions

Beliefs

VisibleIn awareness

Out of

conscious

awareness

Invisible


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Perceptual Patterns

Perception is selective. At any one time there are too many stimuli in the

environment for us to observe. Therefore, we screen out most of what we

see, hear, taste, and smell. We filter out the overload and allow only selected

information through our perceptual screen to our conscious mind.

Perception tends to remain constant. Once we see the world in a particular

way, we continue to see it that way.

We therefore see thing s that do not exist , and do no t see thing s that doexist. Our interests, values and culture act as filters and lead up to distort,

block, and even create what we choose to see and hear. We perceive what

we expect to perceive. We perceive things according to what we have been

trained to see, according to our cultural map.

Perceptual patterns are neither innate nor absolute.

They are selective, constant, inaccurate and culturally determined.


12/19

The Value of No

Yes = is not

overwhelminglyclear

No = is

between

the linesYes

=

Yes

No

=

No

Yes = yes

if you follow up

No =

convince me,

keep talking


13/19

Culture and commun icat ion

Norms fo r interpersonal behavior

Proxemicsuse of space

Kinesicsposture/expression


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Culture and commun icat ion

Norms fo r interpersonal behavior

Proxemicsuse of space

Kinesicsposture/expression

Haptics

touching/temperature Oculesicseye contact

Vocalicsvoice and volume

Olfacticssmell and odours Chronemicsuse of time


18/19

Do MANYthings at a time

Integrate interruptions

Consider time commitments anobjective to be met/negotiated

Windows of timebegin withtime announced

Committed to people andrelationships

Change plans often and easily

From E.T.Hall

Do ONEthing at a time

Concentrate on the job

Are reluctant to changecommitments, deadlines,schedules

Windows of timeend with

time announced

Committed to the task

Adhere religiously to plans

POLYchronicMONOchronic


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The Notion of Time

Cultural Differences

monochron ic polychronic

Swiss Sweden US Germany UK France Egypt China India

TIME SCALE

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