soc 204 goldberg ch 5
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGSGoldberg Chapter 5SOC 204 Drugs & Society
![Page 2: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How ‘bout them Seahawks?A. 12 for life! Super
Bowl bound, baby!B. They got lucky.C. This is me…not
caring about football.
D. Is there really such a bird? 12 fo
r life!
They got lu
cky.
This is m
e…not carin
g abo..
Is there re
ally su
ch a bird
?
0% 0%0%0%
![Page 3: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pharmacology
• Different drugs produce different effects within the psyche and soma
• The interaction between drugs and living organisms is called pharmacology
• Drug pharmacology relates to the way it is administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted
![Page 4: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System• Somatic Nervous System• Autonomic Nervous System
• Sympathetic• Parasympathetic
• Central Nervous System
![Page 5: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Neuron
• Homeostasis• Neurons and Glial Cells• Neurotransmission
![Page 6: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
You have approximately 100 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses in your brain. How long would it take to count to a trillion?
A. All dayB. A monthC. A trillion secondsD. 32,000 years All d
ay
A month
A trilli
on seco
nds
32,000 years
17% 17%17%
50%
![Page 7: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Brain
![Page 8: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Expert Group
• What does your neurotransmitter do?• What happens if there is an excess?• What happens if there is a deficit?
![Page 12: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemical Pathways
1. Dopamine (excitatory)• Found in basal ganglia and
other regions – behavior & emotions, including pleasure
• Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway• Related to muscle rigidity
• Mesolimbic dopamine pathway• Related to psychotic behavior• Possible component of the
“reward” properties of drugs
![Page 13: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chemical Pathways
2. Acetylcholine (excitatory)• Found in the cerebral cortex & basal ganglia• Involved in Alzheimer’s disease, learning, memory
storage, movement3. Norepinephrine (excitatory & inhibitory)• Regulates level of arousal and attentiveness, memory• May play a role in initiation of food intake (appetite)
![Page 14: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chemical Pathways
4. Serotonin (inhibitory or excitatory)• Found in the brain stem raphe nuclei• May have a role in impulsivity, aggression, depression,
control of food, and alcohol intake• Hallucinogenic drugs influence serotonin pathways5. GABA (Gamma-amino butyric acid) (inhibitory)• Found in most regions of the brain• Inhibitory neurotransmitter, sleep, anxiety
![Page 15: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chemical Pathways
6. Glutamate (excitatory)• Found in most regions of the brain• Excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in long-term
memory7. Endorphins (inhibitory)• Opioid-like chemical occurring naturally in the brain• Play a role in pain relief
![Page 16: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
People who engage in strenuous exercise actually emit a neurotransmitter that contributes to a “high” feeling.
A. TrueB. False
TrueFa
lse
0%
100%
![Page 17: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The neurotransmitter responsible for control of alertness and the fight-or-flight response is:
A. GABAB. DopamineC. SerotoninD. Norepinephrine
GABA
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
0%
100%
0%0%
![Page 18: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
This neurotransmitter is the brain’s major inhibitory neurotransmitter
A. SerotoninB. GABAC. EndorphinsD. Acetylcholine
SerotoninGABA
Endorphins
Acetylcholin
e
83%
17%
0%0%
![Page 19: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
This neurotransmitter has a huge influence on moodA. EndorphinsB. GlutamateC. SerotoninD. Acetylcholine
Endorphins
Glutamate
Serotonin
Acetylcholin
e
0%
20%
60%
20%
![Page 20: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
This neurotransmitter is responsible for feelings of pleasure/reward.A. GlutamateB. SerotoninC. DopamineD. GABA
Glutamate
Serotonin
DopamineGABA
0% 0%
100%
0%
![Page 21: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Synaptic Gap
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGINQ7xhPkM
![Page 23: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Drug Actions
• Alter neurotransmitter availability• Agonists - Mimic neurotransmitters• Antagonists = Occupy neurotransmitter and prevent
its activation• Interference with reuptake• Video: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXREQnFGHGA
![Page 24: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Classifications
![Page 25: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
One’s mood while taking a psychoactive drug will affect the experience derived from the drug.A. TrueB. False
TrueFa
lse
0%
100%
![Page 26: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Drug Effects
• Nonspecific effects
• Specific effects
• Placebo effects
![Page 27: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Double-blind procedure
![Page 28: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dose
• Threshold• Effective dose• Lethal dose• Therapeutic Index = LD50/ED50
![Page 29: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
If a drug has a lethal dose that is close to its effective dose, that drug is more dangerous than if the LD is far from the ED.
A. TrueB. False
TrueFa
lse
0%0%
![Page 30: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dose
• Potency = measured by the amount of a drug required to produce a given effect
• Toxicity = capacity of a drug to do damage or cause adverse side effects
• Safety margin = difference between: • Dose that produces the desired therapeutic effect in most
patients• Lowest dose that produces an unacceptable toxic reaction
• Most drugs have an LD1 well above the ED95
![Page 31: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Routes of Administration
Forms and methods
of taking drugs
oral ingestion
inhalation
injection
topical application
![Page 32: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Distribution
![Page 33: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mechanisms
• Transport in the blood• Blood-brain barrier• Effects on all neurons• Effects on neurotransmitters• Enzyme induction• Deactivation
![Page 34: SOC 204 Goldberg ch 5](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081605/58e8ca211a28abb3398b4a3d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Tolerance
• Pharmacological• Behavioral• Cross-tolerance• Reverse tolerance
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-Qtd6RhfVA