social assessment (sa) reportdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/733281468023962416/pdf/ipp… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Xinjiang Yining Urban Transport
Improvement Project
Social Assessment (SA)
Report
People’s Government of Yining City
World Bank Loan Yining Urban Transport Project
Project Management Office December 2011
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1. Brief Introduction
1.1 Brief Description of the Project
Located in northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Yining City is the
capital city of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. Nowadays, there are 35 arterial roads of total
length 331KM in Yining City; the national highway and provincial highway cross through the
city are G218 Line (13.5KM), S220 Line (5.3KM) and S313 Line (5.5KM), which composing
basically an urban road network centering the central urban area, and per capita possession of
road area is 16.2 m2. In recent years, Yining City sees rapid economic and social development
with great increase in imports and exports as well as personnel exchange while seeing still weak
infrastructural conditions of transport such as high population density in the old urban area, aged
and seriously-damaged roads; East Urban Area and Development Zone are planned respectively
to be cultural and educational base and industrial area, but part of existing roads is narrow,
damaged or even no access there; the auxiliary facilities such as water supply, drainage, heating,
lighting and landscaping are incomplete, and the living environment of residents is poor;
insufficient traffic sign and bus stop leads to mixing of pedestrian and vehicles, which causes
crowded and disordered traffic with hidden danger of traffic safety. Therefore, “Yining Urban
Transport Improvement Project” aims to create a road traffic system of convenience and
rapidness for urban development through providing and improving urban transport infrastructure
and service continuously, completing road network structure and linking them to existing urban
road system of Yining City.
Yining Urban Transport Improvement Project contains mainly roads in Old Urban Area,
East Urban Area and Development Zone, public traffic engineering, traffic control, road safety
engineering, institutional strengthening and personnel training. After the completion of the
Project, the urban area of Yining City will be connected with National Highway No. 218,
Provincial Highway No. 220, Provincial Highway No. 313 and the railway station, which
promotes trade, technical exchange and cooperation between Horgos Land Port and Central
Asia; the Project will complete auxiliary facilities for urban roads including water supply,
drainage, lighting, environmental sanitation and landscaping works, promote urban economic
development and improve living standard of the people in Yining City.
The Project consists mainly of the following 4 components:
4
(1) Urban road and auxiliary works, including construction of urban roads within Old
Urban Area, East Urban Area and Development Zone (also named as Cooperation Zone) in
Yining City, in addition to auxiliary works, public traffic engineering, traffic control, road safety
engineering, institutional strengthening and personnel training�
25 roads of total length 72.39km will be constructed this time, including 12 arterial roads
of total length 40.97km; 10 secondary roads of total length 24.63km; and 3 access roads of total
length 6.79km. Of which, 6 roads of total length 14.75km in Old Urban Area; 10 roads of total
length 24.98km in East Urban Area; and 9 roads of total length 32.66km in Development Zone.
(2) Public traffic construction, including bus stops, bus depot, bus hub, intelligent bus
dispatching and command center, bus terminal and bus procurement etc. In order to improve
public transport capacity and service quality, 200 environment-friendly buses with CNG as fuel
will be procured by the Project for phasing out existing aged buses within 5 years.
Table 1-1 Table of Proposed Roads by the Project
S.N. Road Name Kind Length
(m) Width
(m)
Width of
vehicle lane (m)
Width of non-motor
vehicle lane (m)
Width of walkway
(m)
Width of
green belt (m)
Area the road is
located in
1 Xinhuadong
Road
arterial
road 3200.42 36.0 15.0 —— 9.0 12.0
2 Xihuan Road arterial
road 4139.98 50.0 24.0 8.0 8.0 10.0
3 Binghe
Boulevard
access
road 3441.85 8.0 8.0 —— —— ——
4
Guangming
Street
Extension
secondary
road 616.38 16.0 16.0 —— —— ——
5 Shiyihaoxiaoqu
Road
access
road 1339.27 20.0 12.0 —— 8.0 ——
6 Feijichang
Road
access
road 2012.73 20.0 16.0 —— 4.0 ——
Old Urban
Area
7 Shengli Street
Extension
arterial
road 3014.08 50.0 23.0 —— 6.0 21.0
8 Laosan Road secondary
road 1601.18 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0
9 North Section
of S220 Line
arterial
road 3009.92 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0
10 Laoer Road secondary
road 4413.61 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0
East Urban
Area
5
11 Laosi Road secondary
road 1905.65 36.0 15.0 —— 9.0 12.0
12 Laowu Road secondary
road 2394.12 35.0 15.0 —— 9.0 11.0
13 Laoliu Road secondary
road 1609.15 40.0 15.0 9.0 8.0 8.0
14
Dongliang
Street
Extension
arterial
road 1715.13 36.0 15.0 —— 9.0 12.0
15 Laojiu Road secondary
road 1372.92 30.0 11.0 7.0 6.0 6.0
16 Laoyi Road arterial
road 3941.15 50.0 24.0 —— 8.0 18.0
17 Xincun Road arterial
road 5391.47 16.0 16.0 —— —— ——
18 Wuhan Road secondary
road 5195.22 36.0 12.0 —— 9.0 15.0
19
Xihuanbei
Road
Extension
arterial
road 2624.80 60.0 30.0 —— 10.0 20.0
20 Daobeiweiyi
Road
secondary
road 2056.61 32.0 16.0 —— 11.0 5.0
21 Daobeiweier
Road
arterial
road 2688.26 40.0 18.0 10.0 6.0 6.0
22 Daobeiweisan
Road
arterial
road 3343.23 50.0 20.0 11.0 8.0 11.0
23 Hebei Road
Extension
secondary
road 3461.08 36.0 12.0 —— 9.0 15.0
24 Guangdong
Road
arterial
road 2559.44 46.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 12.0
25 Xinhuaxi Road
Extension
arterial
road 5504.36 60.0 24.5 9.0 11.5 15.0
Development
Zone
Total 72392.01
(3) Traffic control and road safety engineering, including four categories: road traffic sign,
traffic marking, traffic signal light and traffic monitoring system.
(4) Institutional capacity building of municipal transport system
This Project is funded with World Bank loan, and the employer is Yining Construction
Bureau. The construction period is 2012~2016 at two stages, i.e. Stage I: preparation period of 1
year (2011~2012), the early preparation of the Project shall be completed, and Stage II:
6
implementation period of 4 years (2012~2016), all components shall be completed and the
Project shall be put into service by the end of 2016.
Sociology Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences is engaged to prepare “Social
Assessment (SA)” Report of this Project.
1.2 Function of Social Assessment in this Project
1.2.1 Objective of social assessment
The social assessment aims to understand the social factors influencing proposed project
activities or the ones affected by those activities, and help the project units receive wide support
and active participation of the most directly affected individuals and groups by project activities
potentially during the design and implementation of the Project (in particular, the poor people,
ethnic minority, women or other groups whose opinions are neglected most probably), for
determining and enlarging as much as possible the positive function of the Project and
preventing or alleviating negative social impact. At the same time, social assessment also lays a
foundation for monitoring and assessment of the Project afterwards.
In terms of the project objective, the Project will improve the entire transport status in
Yining City, especially the public transport status, and then the transport conditions will be
improved, so do the basic conditions for economic and social development; and both travel
efficiency and development opportunities of residents will be increased for improving quality of
life. However, since the Project involves housing demolition and resettlement of some residents,
some temporary difficulties will be made to urban transport and residents’ travel during the
implementation of the Project; furthermore, reasonable arrangement of traffic signs is also
related to the travel convenience and safety of residents. In addition, the large proportion of
ethnic minority population in Yining City (65%) decides the particularity of the impact on those
people due to the specific language, custom and employment structure etc. Therefore, social
assessment is essential before the construction of the Project.
The objective of social assessment consists of:
� To obtain opinions from transport sector and residents about increase of participation
into traffic control, and improvement of traffic network and efficiency;
� To strengthen consultancy/participation capacity of most urban and rural residents, in
particular, ethnic minority and vulnerable groups for putting their demand and opinion
into consideration of the Project fully;
7
� To provide distribution status of ethnic minority groups in the whole project area, and
demographic data, socioeconomic structure and cultural characteristics of ethnic
minority communities under the project;
� To direct and conduct free, prior and informed consultation among the ethnic minority
communities under the project in order to ensure the design of project activities to
meet their demand and adapt to local culture, thus wide support could be obtained from
ethnic minority groups;
� To identify any negative impact of the Project, in particular the ones caused by
proposed road improvement and involuntary resettlement as a result of the
construction, in order to prevent or alleviate the relevant impact and risk;
� To provide baseline data and monitoring indicators for project monitoring and
assessment.
1.2.2 Methods of social assessment
Social assessment is to help the Project determine stockholders and priority of social issues
related to the Project (such as poverty, vulnerability, justice, nationality and gender etc.), and
establish the participation framework.
The social assessment methods to be used for this Project are analysis of existing literature
and field investigation, mainly the field assessment in the project-affected area. The
investigation is conducted in the selected communities with participatory rapid appraisal (PRA)
technique combined with categorized panel discussion (Focus Group Discuss) and semi-
structural interview, and assisted with questionnaire.
Great efforts are made to have a representative and wide investigation as much as possible.
Concerning the selection of investigation site and respondents, including all kinds of objects
affected by the Project such as different groups affected by different impacts, vulnerable groups,
ethnic minority and the resettled households affected obviously by the Project are paid much
attention to. The investigation site covers most of the project area, including 14 administrative
villages (communities) in 3 townships (Kaerdun Township, Dadamutu Township, Bayandai
Town) and 2 district offices (Yilihe District Office, Ailanmubage District Office), and the
households, enterprises, shops and mosques that are affected obviously (mainly the potentially
resettled ones due to extended roads) are investigated, the dispatchers of bus company and the
managerial staff of villages and communities are interviewed, in addition to data collection
about economic and social development of Yining City and the project area from the
departments concerned. Concerning Hanbin Township in Development Zone (only land
8
requisition by the Project without housing demolition), only basic conditions of the whole
township and the problems and mitigatory measures about land requisition are investigated
rather than special investigation with specially-determined investigation sites, neither special
investigation in the communities close to the road sections in old urban area where only
transportation facilities are proposed to be improved (see Table 1-2).
The principle of investigation is to emphasize free, prior and informed consultation among
the ethnic minority communities under the project in order to ensure they understand fully their
interest and priority in development of local transport;
The language of investigation: mostly, the investigators of ethnic minority held meetings
and individual interviews in their own language.
Note: when the Social Assessment Team started social assessment investigation in the mid-
and late July, 2011, the original project design proposal that was adopted then involved 33 roads
of total length 99KM. Such a design proposal was adjusted afterwards and when the Social
Assessment Team received it again in late September, it involved 25 roads of total length
72.39KM. Therefore, the roads covered by social assessment investigation are more than those
stated in the revised design proposal.
9
Fig. 1-1 Social Assessment Work Flow
Be acquainted with the Project
Reference to data of economy, culture and population in the project area
Early
preparation
Field
investigation
Data analysis
Disscuss fully with PMO for further understanding the Project and determine
administrative scope of the project area
Make an on-the-spot survey of project route, determine townships (district offices)
to be invetigated, and adjust investigation program
Discuss with the officials at townships (district offices) about project impacts and
determine villages (communities) to be investigated and timetable
Have several workshops in the villages (communities), interview affected people
and fill in questionnaire
Interview with potentially-relocated HHs, shop and enterprise along important
sections dut to road extension
Preparing
report
Prepare investigation TOR (incl. questionaire, outline), SA workbook
Organize and train investigators
Interview with staff of Bus Company and relevant government departments
SPSS statistical software is used for questionnaire for statistical analysis
Enter interview and workshop data into computers and categorize them
Process PRA charts
Revising report Workshops with project-affected people for determining, validating and
communicate with SA Report
10
Table 1-2 Contrast between Project Area &Administrative Divisions
Administrative divisions in the
Project Area
Newly-built and rebuilt roads in
administrative divisions
Remark
Bayikule
Village
Laosan Road, Laosi Road, Laowu
Road, Shengli Street Extension,
North Section of S220 Line
Yingayati
Village
Laoyi Road, Laoer Road, Laoliu
Road, North Section of S220 Line
Dongliang
Village
Laoyi Road, Laoer Road, Dongliang
Street Extension
Huaguoshan
Village
Laoyi Road, Laoer Road, Laojiu
Road
Haerdun
Township
Jiergelang
Village Laojiu Road, Xinhuadong Road
5 administrative
villages totally in the
whole township,
which all fall into the
Project Area to be
investigated.
Tuanjie Village Laoyi Road, Laosi Road, S220 Line
East U
rban
Area
Kebokeyuz
i Township Kebokeyuzi
Village Laoyi Road, Laowu Road
3 administrative
villages totally in the
whole township, and
of which, 2 villages
fall into the Project
Area.
Dadamutu
Township
Wulasitai
Village
Xihuanbei Road Extension,
Daobeiweiyi Road, Daobeiweier
Road, Daobeiweisan Road,
(Xincunbei Road)
5 administrative
villages totally, of
which, 1 village is
covered and
investigated by the
Project
Bayandai
Village Xincun Road, Wuhan Road
Dev
elop
men
t Zo
ne
Bayandai
Town Bayandaixin
Village
Xincun Road, Xinhuaxi Road
Extension,
7 administrative
villages totally, and
of which, 2 ones are
covered and
investigated by the
Project.
11
Hanbin Village
Dunmaili
Village
Fazhanxiang
Village
Bashikeruike
Village
Guangdong Road, Hebei Road
Extension, Xinhuaxi Road Extension,
Xihuanbei Road Extension
4 administrative
villages all fall into
the Project Area, no
land requisition and
resettlement in
Hanbin Village, and
land requisition in
other 3 villages
without housing
demolition. No
village investigation.
Hanbin
Township
Community
No.3 in Yining
Border
Economic
Cooperation
Zone (Ermao
residential
quarter)
(Extension of Shanghaibei Road)
Interview and
questionnaire. This
road was cancelled in
the subsequent plan.
Nageerqi
Community
(Bayikuoqia
Community)
(Humudanmaili
Community)
Yilihelu
District
Office
(Sayikuyouluxi
Community)
Guangming Street Extension
Having jurisdiction
over 6 communities.
The early project
design covers 4
communities that all
are investigated, of
which, 2 ones with
questionnaire. And
then the design is
adjusted and now
only Nageerqi
Community is
covered by the
Project.
Old
Urb
an A
rea
Ailanmubage District Office Shiyihaoxiaoqu Road
Having jurisdiction
over 15 communities,
and of which, 1 is
investigated (i.e.
Beiyuan
Community).
Note: The roads or communities in the parentheses are the project roads and affected
communities in Project design during social assessment investigation, but after the adjustment
of the project design, they are removed out from the project planning now.
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Workshop, focusing on the opinions of the affected people on the preparation,
implementation and impact of the Project, discussion of existing problems and possible
solutions as well as recommendations for improvement. Total 26 workshops have been held by
different groups of identity, including lane officers (9), persons enjoying subsistence allowance
(7), religious figures (5), land-losing farmers (2), woman (1) and village cadre (1). Total 160
persons participated into the workshops, of which, female 66, ethnic minority 153 (including
Uygur 138, Hui 13, Uzbek 1 and Xibo 1). People of ethnic minorities have a major proportion.
Interview, mostly an interview with one or two persons or households, also some
interviews saw increasing participants since they were held in public places (such as roadsides).
For instance, more than 20 persons participated in or listened to an interview that was held at
one side of Guangming Road Extension (under Yilihe District Office). Those interviews aim to
understand production and living conditions of the project-affected people (PAP), the potential
impacts of the Project on their daily life and their attitude and opinion on project design and
implementation. As a complement of workshops, interviews have more flexible sample
selection and pertinence, and interview objects consist of township cadres, teachers, retired
cadres, religious figures, farmer, shopkeeper, enterprise employee, housewife, dispatch at bus
terminals and so on. During the investigation, total 128 persons are interviewed with, including
81 persons of ethnic minority (Uygur 61, Hui 19, and Xibo 1), female 29; at the same time, there
are about 30 persons participate into the conversation.
Questionnaire, has been conducted at 14 villages (community, institution), aiming mainly
at travel means of the residents, assessment of urban transport conditions, existing problems and
suggestions for improvement. The investigation is mainly implemented by the investigating
team members while 4 students are engaged from Yili Normal College (who all are Uygur) as
assistants. The questionnaire was conducted at the investigation spots basically, and the
sampling method is non-random purposive sampling method (in which elements are chosen
based on subjective experiences of the investigators with which the most representative samples
are selected from the whole samples). Among 509 valid questionnaires, there are 390 ones in
Uygur and 119 in Chinese. The Uygur respondents use the questionnaire in Uygur, and Han,
Hui and Xibo respondents use mostly the questionnaire in Chinese.
509 samples consist of:
Slightly more males: male 54.3%, female 45.7%;
Large proportion of young and mid-aged people: average age is 46, the oldest 88, and the
youngest 14. <25: 5.8%; 26~45: 45.1%; 46~60: 32.6%; and 61: 16.5%;>
Mainly Uygur people: Uygur: 76.3%, Han: 14.1%, Hui: 9%, and other ethnic groups:
0.6%;
13
All groups of different educational backgrounds are covered: people receiving college
education or more: 11.7%, high school or technical secondary school: 24%, junior high school:
29.6%, elementary school: 24.4%; illiterate and semi-illiterate: 10.3%, which are mostly the
aged.
Concerning occupation composing: farmer, self-employed individuals and owner of private
enterprise has a large proportion, in which: farmer 35.9%, self-employed individuals and owner
of private enterprise 16.3%, the unemployed 11.6%, government employee 10.2%, part-time job
(incl. office worker) 10.6%, retirees 7%, workers at enterprise 6.4%, and others 2.8%. As a
whole, there is a large proportion of vulnerable social stratum. The samples of different ethnic
groups have different occupational composing, e.g. 40% of Uygur samples are farmer, the
unemployed, government employee, self-employed individuals & owner of private enterprise,
and the part-time worker, about 10% each category; of Han samples, 41.4% are self-employed
individuals & owner of private enterprise, 14% retirees, 13% farmer, and nearly 7% for workers
and part-time workers each; of Hui sample, 38% farmer, 27% self-employed individuals &
owner of private enterprise, and 11% the unemployed. Since some indicators would be affected
more by occupational composing, e.g. household income, obvious difference may be found out
among the samples of different ethnic groups.
The samples have mostly a registered permanent residence in Yining city, i.e. 92.6% of
samples have a registered permanent residence in Yining city while 7.4% have not. The latter
usually is categorized as floating population since their place of residence is not the place of
registered permanent residence.
Table 1-3 Investigation Schedule and Activities
Date Place Content Result
July 18 Urumqi – Yining Leaving for Yining city
Morning on
July 19
PMO To have basic information of the
Project and discuss the
investigation plan
Adjusting the
investigation plan
Afternoon
Project Area To make an on-the-spot survey of
all routes
Determining
investigation spots
Morning on
July 20
Kaerdun Township
government
To hold village cadres workshop,
interview with staff of township-
level social security, and staff of
enterprise office
Investigating 10
persons (ethnic
minority 6, female 5)
Afternoon Yingayati Village 3 workshops (lane officer, people Investigating 17
14
enjoying subsistence allowance,
land-losing farmers); questionnaire
persons (ethnic
minority 16, female 7),
questionnaire 24x,
sequencing chart of
issues 1x
Morning on
July 21
Huaguoshan
Village
Yili Wutong
Technology Co.,
Ltd.
2 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance),
interview villager and legal person
of enterprise etc., questionnaire
Investigating 27
persons (ethnic
minority 20, female
11), questionnaire 25x,
sequencing chart of
rich-poor gap 1x
Afternoon Jiergelang Village
Middle School
No.14 in Yining
City
1 workshop (lane officer), interview
teacher, residents, village cadre etc.,
questionnaire
Investigating 17
persons (ethnic
minority 15, female 5),
7 persons participating
into; questionnaire
25x, villager traveling
chart 1x, sequencing
chart of traveling
difficulties 1x
July 22 Dongliang Village
Yining Vocational
Technical College
Hengqiang
Company
3 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance,
land-losing farmers), interviewing
shopkeeper, village cadre, religious
figures and villager etc.,
questionnaire
Investigating 36
persons (ethnic
minority 30, female
11), questionnaire 48x,
residential distribution
plan 1x
July 22 and
23 (Sat. &
Sun)
Hotel Investigators summarize and
process data, and arrange next-step
items
Morning on
July 25
Bayikule Village
Yining Foreign
Language School,
Timber Mill,
Zhongyuan Color
Steel Panel Co. etc.
3 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance,
religious figures), interviewing
manager, shopkeeper and resident
etc., questionnaire
Investigating 23
persons (ethnic
minority 20, female 7),
questionnaire 26x
15
Afternoon Bayandai Village
Bangyou
Electromechanical
Maintenance
Service Dept.,
Recycle Station of
Renewable
Resources Co. etc.
3 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance,
religious figures), interviewing
township cadres, enterprise
manager and religious figures etc.,
questionnaire
Investigating 30
persons (ethnic
minority 29, female 2),
questionnaire 32x
Morning on
July 26
Bayandaixin
Village
3 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance,
religious figures), interviewing
village cadres, religious figures and
residents etc.
Investigating 34
persons (ethnic
minority 32, female 2),
questionnaire 52x
Afternoon Wulasitai Village 3 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance,
religious figures), interviewing
village cadre, shopkeeper, religious
figures, manager of vegetable
association, and residents etc.
Investigating 24
persons (ethnic
minority 16, female
11), questionnaire 32x
Humudanmaili
Community
Questionnaire Questionnaire 40x July 27
Sayikuyouluxi
Community
Questionnaire Questionnaire 37x
Hanbin Township
government
Interviewing township cadres Investigating 1 person Morning
Nageerqi
Community
3 workshops (lane officer, people
enjoying subsistence allowance,
religious figures), interview
religious figures, retired cadre, and
residents etc., questionnaire
Investigating 26
persons (ethnic
minority 25, female
13), questionnaire 51x
Afternoon Bayikuoqia
Community
A workshop with women (also
serve as the lane officer and persons
enjoying subsistence allowance),
interviewing community cadre,
residents and religious figures etc.,
Investigating 15
persons (ethnic
minority 14, female
12), questionnaire 29x
16
questionnaire
Morning on
July 28
Baiyuan
Community, Yifu
Elementary School,
Experimental
Elementary School
Interviewing residents, teacher, and
shopkeeper etc., questionnaire
Investigating 14
persons (ethnic
minority 4, female 4),
questionnaire 48x
Afternoon Ermao Residential
Quarter of Hanbin
Township
Interviewing shopkeeper and
residents etc., questionnaire
Investigating 13
persons (ethnic
minority 8, female 4),
questionnaire 40x
July 29 Dispatching room
of Bus No.5
Dispatching room
of Bus No.17
Interviewing dispatching managers
of Bus Company
Investigating 2 persons
(female 1)
Sept. 28 Kebokeyuzi
Township
Interviewing village cadres,
principal of enterprise, village
cadre and villager
Investigating more
than 10 persons
1.2.3 Investigation Team
Social analysis of the Project is completed by Sociology Institute of Xinjiang Academy of
Social Sciences with Mr. LI Ze as the chief. The Investigation Team consists of 12 persons who
are the researching staff respectively from Sociology Institute, Ethnic Institute, Religion
Institute and Library of Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences, and Three Gorges University,
including 5 persons of ethnic minority and 5 females; all those investigators are experienced in
sociology and ethnics, and familiar with ethnic society of Xinjiang; and most of them have
experiences in social assessment of ADB-funded projects. 4 students (all are Uygur) of Yili
Normal College are engaged for the investigation as questionnaire personnel and interpreters.
Chief of the investigation program: LI Ze
Preparation of social assessment report: LI Xiaoxia
Team members: Tuerwenjiang, XIAO Ping, Alinuer, Abulizi, Gulixia, YANG Fuqiang,
XING Jianhong, Halida and SUN Jinfei who are of senior or medium-grade professional title
respectively.
17
During the investigation, the team receives great support and help from PMO of Yining
Construction Bureau, relevant townships, villages, district offices, communities and the
government departments concerned.
18
Fig. 1-1 Being acquainted with the Project
profile
Fig. 1-3 Making an on-the-spot survey route
(2)
Fig. 1-5 Questionnaire (1)
Fig. 1-2 Making an on-the-spot survey route
(1)
Fig. 1-4 Investigation notice of Social Assessment Team
Fig. 1-6 Questionnaire (2)
Fig. 1-7 Questionnaire (3)
19
Fig. 1-9 Workshop (1)
Fig. 1-11 Workshop (3)
Fig. 1-8 Interview
Fig. 1-10 Workshop (2)
Fig. 1-12 Workshop (4)
Fig. 1-13 PRA investigation (1)
21
1.2.4 Major and relevant references for the report
� Statistical Yearbook of Yining City, Xinjiang, 2010
� Local Chronicles of Yining City
� WB-funded Xinjiang Yining Urban Transport Improvement Project (Xinjiang
Municipal Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd.)
� The Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social
Development in Yining City
� Rural Road Construction and Passenger Transport Development Plan of Yining
City during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)
� the 12th Five-Year Plan for Yining Trade and Logistics Development
� Report on the Work of Yining City Government (Jan. 19, 2011)
Data from the departments of Yining city government such as Planning Bureau,
Economy & Trade Bureau, Labor & Social Security Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau,
Ethnic & Religious Affairs Bureau, Education Bureau and Tourism Bureau, and
relevant data about economic and social development of Kaerdun Township,
Dadamutu Township, Bayandai Town, Hanbin Township, Yilihe District Office and
Ailanmubage District Office.
1.3 Main Conclusion and Suggestions
It is concluded with the investigation and assessment of the social assessment
team that the concerns of the PAP are consistent with the issues to be addressed with
the Project with respect to urban transport conditions. Some the roads under the
Project have been listed in the plan of urban transport reconstruction due to their
undesired conditions, and PAP have been looking forward to having them
reconstructed. Most PAP affirms the positive impact of the Project and expresses their
support to it. Nearly half of them have been informed of the Project in different
channels, and village cadres, grassroots workers and religious figures in the Project
Area express their desire of promoting the Project among the residents and
cooperating in settlement of any potential problem during the implementation of the
Project in order to make it a successful one.
The negative impact of the Project consists mainly of the impact of land
requisition and housing demolition on production and living of the relocated residents,
including involuntary change to production mode and lifestyle, in addition to the
temporary inconveniency brought by the Project to transport in the Project area during
its implementation. In the long run, with the extension of some roads, the
concentration of residential area will change urban landscape where there were many
22
lanes and courtyard. Proper measures could be taken for the purpose of mitigating or
even preventing some negative impacts.
Main measures of mitigating negative impacts:
The rights of PAP to be informed, participate and supervise
� To ensure the PAP to be informed fully of the Project and its impacts
To facilitate the PAP being informed of the Project through such presses as TV,
newspaper and broadcasting, and encourage their practice of cooperating.
To publicize the Project before road construction, and make the institution and
individuals, in particular, school, hospital and religious location to which will be
affected directly by the Project, be informed of accurate information and prepare for
that correspondingly as soon as possible.
The adjustment of bus routes during the construction shall be advanced and the
details shall be publicized so that the negative impact on resident travel by bus could
be reduced.
� To encourage active participation of PAP into the Project
To collect opinions of the public completely regarding road design, traffic
control and road safety engineering;
The PAP will participate into the project construction in the form of labor service
or with machinery, and the government and various organizations shall coordinate
that and the construction party shall respond to that actively.
� To ensure effective right of supervision of PAP
The PAP have right to supervise the fairness and justice of property assessment,
construction of housing for resettlement, and fulfillment of employment policy during
the land requisition and housing demolition. In case that the people affected by land
requisition and housing demolition (the relocated) complain about the the plan of land
requisition and housing demolition, compensation standard and so on, some channels
of complaint and grievance shall be available. To make the relocate understand fully
their due rights of complaint and grievance and the channels of complaint and
grievance.
To set up hot line for public participation; the information of road construction
shall be publicized through the press and various bulletin boards on construction site.
The suggestions and supervision opinions from the public shall be fed back and
treated in time.
Concerning land requisition, housing demolition and resettlement
� Compensation for housing demolition shall be made between PMO and the
relocated through negotiation in a way of housing demolition in public and justly.
To have a uniform compensation standard and have it publicized and
disseminated in advance for an open and transparent compensation standard.
23
To negotiate with PAP fully when measuring and calculating compensation for
housing demolition;
The compensation fund shall be sent directly to the relocated so as not to be
withheld halfway.
� To uphold the principle of settlement first before housing demolition to ensure
successful resettlement of the relocated.
The housing for resettlement shall be built in advance, or shall be completed
during the transition period for housing demolition so that the relocated could move
into the housing for resettlement as soon as possible.
If the housing for resettlement fails to be completed during the housing
demolition, the relocated shall be informed expressly of such information as the
location of the housing for resettlement, the date of handing over the completed
housing etc. so that the residents may wait with confidence.
If the completion of the housing for resettlement has to be postponed, the
deficiency of rental charge for transitional housing shall be made up to the relocated;
the rental charge for transitional housing shall be incresead with the increase of
tenancy market price so that the relocated is capable of renting housing.
� To respect the option of the relocated for compensation and resettlement, and
provide convenience to the PAP who prefer to re-choose a residential quarter.
The relocated may select cash compensation or housing compensation
independently. Regarding the households who feel an objection to choose apartments
as their housing for resettlement, they shall be allowed to resettle at some other place
after receiving cash compensation.
At housing demolition, the wish of the PAP shall be respected under the
condition that the Project planning is satisfied; to negotiate and decide the courtyard
and housing shall be demolished totally or partially, and compensation shall be made
correspondingly on the basis of specific housing demolition.
To respect the option of the relocated about their resettlement site, and provide
convenience to them when they select new neighborhood and continue the same
social relations as those before the resettlement.
� To compensate reasonably the relocated enterprises and shopkeepers, and in the
event of reconstruction in a different place, any necessary help and certain
support shall be available.
Reasonable compensate for the relocated shopkeepers and enterprises shall be
available.
The operators of using or renting some shops shall be of priority in selection of
newly-built marketplace or shops, in addition to certain support or privilege for
procurement or renting of shops.
24
For the enterprises affected by housing demolition, if reconstruction in a
different place is necessary, certain support from the government shall be available in
site selection.
� The basic living standard of poor families shall be guaranteed during the
housing demolition and resettlement.
The poor families shall be resettled with the minimum area standard at least on
the resettlement sites, and the price difference between their former housing and the
housing for resettlement shall be paid by the construction unit.
� To enlarge employment channels and ensure income level and living standard of
the land-losing farmers and relocated farmers
Various measures shall be taken to encourage employment of land-losing
farmers, including building various marketplaces, breeding bases and protected
agriculture, strengthening training on employment and providing employment
information etc.; to fulfill various preferential policies for the land-losing farmers
such as petty loan for the purpose of encouraging them to establish a business
independently.
To adopt the means like low-interest loan and installment payment for low-
income families financing and purchasing a shop;
To support and encourage the youth to work in various enterprises, providing
them with various training sessions on professional skill and languages, and with
employment information for them meeting requirements of the enterprises.
� To complete social security measures so that the land-losing farmers could be
supported when they are aged.
To publicize with great efforts the social security measures for the land-losing
farmers and enlarge the scope of social security for covering all people who are
eligible for the social security.
To ensure the social security fund for the land-losing farmers to be available
fully; the old-age pension shall be available for the eligible people in full on schedule,
which guarantees not only the life and interest of the aged, but acts as demonstration
to the youth for periodical payment of old-age pension.
Implementation of the Project
� To prepare fully before the implementation of the Project:
To lay the pipes for water supply, drainage and heating well as much as possible
and prevent repeat excavation for such works.
To inform PAP of the construction in advance and make them ready for before
the construction.
25
� To expedite construction and reduce any negative impact on the travel of
residents under the condition of guaranteeing work quality during the
construction.
� To attach importance to environmental protection and avoid any damage to green
belt on roadsides during the construction.
There is one wetland next to Dongliang Street Extension in the area under
jurisdiction of Dongliang Village in Kaerdun Township. Any pileup of spoils,
building materials like sand and stone or domestic garbage shall be prevented there.
� Local labor force shall be employed as much as possible during the construction,
including labor force for production, service and safeguards.
Suggestions for the Project plan
� To justify if the extension shall be built on the left or right of the road axis during
the planning and design with prudence, and to minimum the quantity of housing
demolition. The resettlement cost could be decreased with the reduced impact on
the residents.
� The road planning width shall meet the actual demand, in particular in the
area where many residents inhabit with flourish trees along the roadsides;
the original landscape of the streets shall be maintained as much as possible.
� To improve safety of roads
Vehicles and pedestrians shall be separated with rebuilt or extended roads, and
pedestrian walks shall be built.
To establish traffic facilities reasonably with well-marked traffic signs; to
establish retarding devices in the sensitive sections such as the sections in front of
schools.
To strengthen safety education and management of pedestrians for good travel
and riding habit;
To establish street lamps in the sections passing through the residential quarters
and ensure their lighting function;
� To solve any problem with respect to road drainage and sanitation environment;
sufficient dustbins shall be set up in the sections where residents travel most; to
ensure road sanitation environment with regular clearing.
� All traffic control facilities shall be provided and completed after the completion
of roads, and road control and surveillance shall be strengthened.
� To enlarge coverage of bus service, strengthen construction of bus stations;
improve service quality and working environment of Bus Company.
Suggestions for ethnic minority
� To minimum quantity of housing demolition; to respect option of ethnic minority
residents affected by land requisition and housing demolition in resettlement
26
means if housing demolition is inevitable as much as possible, and preserve and
protect cultural characteristics of streets and neighborhoods in Yining City.
� The constructors shall respect habits and customs of local ethnic minorities.
� Attention shall be paid to safety facilities for the roads next to the residential
quarters and mosques during the construction period.
� To use simple and definite symbol or words as much as possible for the caution
of roads and road maintenance; the project proclamation and notice shall be in
both Uygur and Chinese.
� Various methods shall be adopted for promoting employment of ethnic minority
land-losing farmers.
27
2. Social Assessment Analysis
2.1 Profile of Economic and Social Development in the Project Area
2.1.1 Profile of Yining City
Located in western border area of China, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture was
a communications center on north branch of Silk Road, a door of China opening to the
West and a land route linking to Europe historically. Yining City is the capital city of
Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture and the political, economic, cultural and transport
center of Yili Valley. Yining City is located in the middle of Yili Valley and at north
bank of Yili River., 696Km away from Urumqi, the capital city of Autonomous
Region, 88Km from Horgos Land Prot. Being neighboring Yining County in the east,
Chabuchaer Xibo Autonomous Region in the south, and next to Huocheng County in
the northwest. Average altitude is 1083 m, the average altitude is 620 m in urban area;
the topography is high in north and low in south, and there is Keguqin Mountain in
the north and Yili River alluvial plain in the south. The urban area sees a relatively
even or flat landform.
Yining city is in the North Temperate Zone with continental climate, where those
four seasons are well-defined; it has been named as an island in vast ocean with
hospitable climate and sufficient water sources. The annual average air temperature is
10.14 , average precipitation 245.1m[U1], which is two times of average
precipitation in the whole Xinjiang. Heat source is sufficient with annual average
frost-free period of 159 days and absolute frost-free period of 140 days. The depth of
frozen earth is not great in winter and the annual average days of snow lying is 98,
147 at most. The prevailing wind direction is northeaster, and gale is possible at all
seasons, in particular in spring and autumn.
The major rivers and water systems in Yining City consist of Yili River,
Beishangou Water System, fountain and urban canal system. Yili River of total length
1439KM is the largest international continental river in Xinjiang, and its reach within
China is 458KM; the length of Yili River under the jurisdiction of Yining city is
35KM. The influx of more than ten fountains in Yining City is named as
Quanshuigou (Spring Rivulet).
As a place of strategic importance on the north section of ancient Silk Road
historically, Yining City is located at a communication center connecting the East
and the West, where the climate hospitable and resources abundant, enjoying a good
reputation of “a land flowing with milk and honey to north of the Great Wall”.
28
Yining City was founded by assigning District I (i.e. Hanbin Township nowadays),
District II (i.e. to north of Jiefang Road nowadays), District III (i.e. Kaerdun
Township nowadays), District IV (i.e. Ayidun nowadays) and District V (i.e.
Kazanqi nowadays) from Yining County and then incorporating them and founded
Yining City in 1952. In 1992, Yining City was determined as an open city along the
border by the State Council, and Border Economic Cooperation Zone of Yining City
was founded in the same year. Thus Yining City becomes the largest open city along
the border in western China, which is next to three Category-I national ports, i.e.
Horgos, Dutala and Muerzhate. The city serves as a bridgehead of New Euro-Asian
Railway, which is an important international channel leading to Central Asia and
Europe, and an important distributing center of material and commodity in China. In
2006, the construction of Sino-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation
Center was commenced officially; as a demonstration plot of Sino-Kazakhstan
economic and trade cooperation for ultimate objective of trade liberalization, this
Center is a free trade port linking Central Asia to inland of China. In 2010, the
meeting held by the Central Government on Xinjiang issues pointed out to establish
an economic development zone in Kashi and Horgos respectively, providing them
with special policy and flexible measures and building them as a window of China
opening to the West and a new economic growth point of Xinjiang, which
highlighted Yining City’s geographic advantages more. Yining is planning to be
built as a base for assembling and processing exported products, a distributing center
for imported and exported products, a corridor for logistics and an international
business and trade center.
The total area of Yining City is 675.5 KM2, and the central urban area, where
Party and government organizations of Yining City are located, is in southeast of the
City and to north bank of Yili River. There are 8 district offices, 1 town and 8
townships under the jurisdiction of the City, i.e. Sayibuyi District Office, Dunmaili
District Office, Yilihelu District Office , Kazanqi District Office, Dulaitibage District
Office, Qiongkuleke District Office, Ailanmubage District Office, Jiefanglu District
Office, Bayandai Town, Yingyeer Township, Hanbin Township, Tashikuleke
Township, Haerdun Township, Tuogelake Township, Kebokeyuzi Township, Panjin
Township and Dadamutu Township; in addition, there are 49 villagers' committees.
The permanent establishments of the Central and regional government located in the
City are Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang Mining & Metallurgy
Bureau, Tianxi Forestry Bureau and so on. The planning urban area is 57.7 KM2, and
existing built-up area about 45 KM2. With the development of society and economy in
Yining City, the built-up area has been increasing over recent years. Parts of Hanbin
Township, Tashikuleke Township, Kaerdun Township and Bayandai Town have been
29
surrounded or occupied for urban-purpose use of land. Planning for Cities and Towns
System in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2000-2020) points out that Yining
will be developed as a core city in west city belt of northern Xinjiang. The existing
population in the central urban area consists of urban population, the population of
villages and town brought into the planning scope, and registered immigrating
population, 459 thousand totally. The short-term objective (2008~2015): urbanization
level 84.6%, urban population 550 thousand; medium-term objective (2016~2020):
urbanization level 86.7%, urban population 650 thousand; long-term objective
(2021~2030): urbanization level 94.7%, urban population 900 thousand; the land used
for the planned central urban area is 125.82 KM2 , and per capita use of land in
construction 139.8 m2.
By the end of 2010, total population of Yining City is 471.5 thousand, including
nonagricultural population 67.8%; Yining is a multi-ethnic city where 37 ethnic
groups such as Uygur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Mongolia, Xibo, Uzbek, Russia and so on
live, of which, Uygur 233 thousand, Han 164.6 thousand, Kazak 21.4 thousand, Hui
35.1 thousand, and others 17.4 thousand. The ethnic minorities account for more than
65% of total population, including Uygur 49.4%. The population of ethnic minority
live in the townships, towns and farms (mainly the suburb and village) as well as
district offices (in urban area), mainly in the suburb and villages; the proportion of
ethnic minority is 58.6% among the population living in the area under the
jurisdiction of district offices and 71.4% in townships, towns and farms.
The cultural landscapes in Yining City are mainly the scenic spots such as the
Memorial of LIN Zexu, a Chinese hero, Baitula Mosque, Yining Hui Mosque, Three-
Region Revolutionary Martyr Cemetery, and Eight-angle Pavilion at orchard of
Hanbin Township.
Table 2-1 Population of Main Ethnic Groups in Yining City in 2009
Total Han Uygur Hui Kazak Others
District
offices
276297 41.4 43.2 6.8 4.1 4.5
Township,
town and
farm
182875 25.0 58.7 8.5 5.2 2.5
Total 459172 34.9 49.4 7.5 4.5 3.7
Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010
30
Fig. 2-1 Population Composing of Ethnic Groups in Yining City
�����Kazak� ���Hui� �����Uygur����Han������others
At present, Yining City becomes an open city along the border, taking frontier
trade as the leading industry and integrating commerce with tourism, and a light
industrial city mainly developing downstream processing of agricultural and animal
products. The main industries of Yining City are wool spinning, leather, printing and
dyeing, food processing, wine making, paper making, fibre flax, electricity, building
material and small-sized handicraft industry etc. Yining City sees a rapid economic
growth over recent years. According to the Report on the Work of Yining City
Government (2011.1.19), the estimated total output value will be RMB 9.4 billion
yuan, a year-on-year of 15%, in 2010. The ratio of the primary, secondary and tertiary
industries is 6.5: 27.8: 65.7, and the tertiary industry plays the leading role, which
consists mainly of commerce and trade. The general fiscal budgetary revenue is RMB
946 million yuan, a year-on-year of 41.2% increase; the local investment in fixed
assets is RMB 5.66 billion yuan, a year-on-year of 35.7% increase; per capita
disposable income of urban residents RMB 12,520 yuan, a year-on-year of 1,915 yuan
increase; and per capita net income of farmers and herdsman is RMB 7,657 yuan, a
year-on-year of RMB 1,367 yuan increase.
Commerce and trade has been playing a leading role in economic development
of Yining City. Several large-scaled logistics markets and comprehensive modern
marketplaces such as Yazhong International Commerce & Trade City, Sunshine
Times Plaza and New Century Building Materials Market etc. have been built up,
which promote the development of domestic trade, foreign trade and logistics greatly.
At the same time, the tertiary industries like traffic and transport, posts and
telecommunications, finance and insurance, medium service, catering and community
service etc. develop quickly and steadily with the development of commerce and
tourism. In 2010, the output value of traffic and transport, storage and postal service is
RMB 674 million yuan, thus traffic and transport, storage and postal service become
或劳
托劳
族劳
3托劳
或族劳
31
the most important industry in the whole city; foreign trade see great increase, and the
exported goods are mainly box, bag, shoes, cooking oil, textile, garment and
household appliances etc. In 2010, the railway station area with Yining International
Commerce, Trade & Logistics Park as the core was built, and 17 marketplaces such as
Chengdong Market Complex and “Hanrenjie” Market were newly built or rebuilt with
total area of 130 thousand m2. According to elementary statistics, there are 9059
points of the trade network in the whole city, and the number of the employed people
is nearly 20 thousand; the number of quota-required points is 53 with 6,500 persons
employed, and the number of non-quota-required points is 9006 with 13,300 persons
employed.
As a communication hub in western Xinjiang, Yining is listed as one of the
national highway hubs by the state, and a 3D traffic network consisting mainly of
railway, air and highway shapes now. With the completion of key projects such as
Jing-Yi-Huo Railway, Sino-Kazakhstan International border Cooperation Center,
Kui-Sai Expressway, Qingshuihe-Yining Expressway of National Highway No.218,
and extension of Yining Airport in succession, Yining City has become a
communication hub of China connecting directly Central Asia and Europe. In 2010,
the invested municipal construction fund is RMB 1.7 billion yuan for newly-built or
rebuilt 28 arterial roads of total length 44KM with supporting facilities, and lanes of
30KM, in addition to relocation of 536 households affected by housing demolition.
According to the 12th
Five-Year Plan of Yining City: to build “one belt, three axes
and nine groups” by centering the master plan of the city, i.e. to beautify the
landscape belt at banks of Yili River, activate three axes passing through the urban
area (National Highway No.218, Lane I of Gongyuan Street – Shandong Road, and
Nanhuan Road), enlarge nine groups (Dongzhongyuan New Zone, Hanren Street,
North of Nanhuan Road, South of Jiangsu Road, East of Line S313, Railway Station,
Chengxi Market, Shandong Road, and Headquarter Economic Zone), strengthen
investment for urban construction, and build Yining City into a modern city
combining ethnic style, traditional culture with modern features in 3~5 years.
Therefore, RMB 10.9 billion yuan is invested to facilitate urban road traffic with
improvement of urban transport central function as the focus. To strengthen
construction of railway and aviation transportation facilities, and upgrade Yining
Airport from an airport for feeder lines to an international airport at the port with
domestic and international non-stop flight service.
With increasing transport capacity of Yining year after year, the possession of
commercial autos increases greatly, too. Total number has increased from 6801 in
2004 to 9859 in 2008. Freight cars develop quickly over the past years, and the
number of various freight cars reaches about 10 thousand, and the employed 15,000
32
persons. Of which, the privately-operated cars exceed 8000, and annual freight
volume reaches 17.4 million tons, which generates a pattern that privately-operated
cars play a leading role while the collectively- and state-operated cares compete and
develop. The freight business covers mainly transhipment traffic of capital goods,
industrial products and lot cargo between Yining City and various counties or cities,
and the distribution of those goods within Yining urban area and commercial network
at town level; a small portion of the business involves transshipment goods from
Urumqi and Kuitun, which satisfies basically the logistics demand in local area.
Table 2-2 Statistics about Possession of Cars in Yining City by Year
Year Passenger car
(vehicle)
Freight car
(vehicle)
Farm truck
(vehicle) Tractor (vehicle)
2004 980 5821 1192 1729
2005 1066 6314 1290 1768
2006 1197 7258 1358 1852
2007 1231 7972 1439 1948
2008 1340 8519 1525 1969
2009 1615 8899 1723 2031
Data source: Rural Road Construction and Passenger Transport Development Plan of
Yining City during the 12th Five-Year Plan
Certain foundation has been laid for municipal infrastructural construction of
Yining City such as water supply, drainage, road, posts and telecommunications,
landscaping and public traffic etc., and public utilities like market, hotel, culture,
education and hospital are complete relatively; the city sees prosperous market
economy with increasing number of various commercial or housing buildings year
after year. The urban construction is related closely to the development of tourism. In
2010, the number of tourists is 2.65 million person-times and the income RMB 400
million yuan in the whole city. During the 12th
Five-Year Plan, the key of inner city
for tourism is the construction of Kazanqi Folklore Tourism Area and Liuxingjie
Historic Cultural Neighborhood with improved infrastructure. Natural scenic area of
urban style will be built outside of the central urban area, i.e. mainly Alamutuya Folk
Custom Park, Landscaping belts along Yili River, and Ethnic Cultural Village of Yili
River.
There are 8 colleges and universities, 81 elementary schools and middle schools
(55 elementary school and 26 middle schools respectively) in Yining City in 2010; the
number of students in elementary schools and middle schools is 77.9 thousand, and
33
the number of teacher there 5,512; the enrollment rate of the children of the right age
for elementary school is 99.98%, and the proportion of students entering general high
school from junior high school 70.2%. There are 36 hospitals and health centers (excl.
the ones owned by Yili Prefecture or Agricultural Division No.4) in local area, 980
beds and 2,424 health personnel (incl. 988 practicing physicians and 787 registered
nurses). All social security systems have been improved constantly and the rate of
farmers participating into New-style Rural Cooperative Medical Care reaches 96.1%,
and the special fund for New-style Rural Cooperative Medical Care compensates
farmers and herdsman RMB 14.9682 million yuan for outpatient service and
hospitalization in the whole year. The Basic Medical Care of Urban Residents is
started fully with 114.1 thousand participants. The registered unemployed rate of
urban population is controlled to be fewer than 3.8%. There are 18,466 households
(52,174 persons) of urban residents, 5,056 households (13,689 persons) of rural
residents enjoy the minimum subsistence allowance, and the subsistence allowance of
RMB 122.36 million yuan has been granted in the whole year.
The implementation of the Project is to further improve urban infrastructure and
comprehensively-controlled environment of Yining City, upgrading further Yining’s
advantages as a goods distributing center and transfer station in Xinjiang, driving
rapid development of regional economy, and promoting socioeconomic development
of Yining City by providing employment opportunities and increasing income of
residents.
Table 2-3 Socioeconomic Development Status of Yining City
Yining City
Indicator 2009 2010
Directly-
governed
by Yili
Prefectur
e (2009)
Xinjiang
(2010)
Total population at end of year (104
persons) 45.9 47.2 276.3 2158.63
Uygur 49.69 49.40 24.6 46.14
Han 34.88 34.87 38.4 39.25
Hui 7.52 7.52 10.5 4.47
Kazak 4.53 4.53 20.7 7.09
Eth
nic
co
mp
osi
ng
(%)
Others 3.38 3.69 5.9 3.05
GDP (100 million yuan) 79.02 95.03 333.7 4273.57
Primary industry 4.9 4.8 24.2 17.8 %
Secondary industry 28.8 28.7 34.4 45.7
34
Tertiary industry 66.3 66.5 41.4 36.5
Per capit GDP (yuan) 17422 20518 12951 19926
General fiscal budgetary revenue (100 million
yuan) 6.7 9.52 23.9 388.78
General fiscal budgetary expenditure (100
million yuan) 14.89 20.06 97.6 1346.91
Per capita disposable income of urban
residents (yuan) 10605 12520 11003 12258
Per capita net income of farmers and
herdsman (yuan)* 6290 7657 5341 4005
Average monetary wage of on-the-job
employees (yuan) 25616 28866 22727 24687
Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City, Statistical Bulletin of National
Economy and Social Development of Yining City in 2010
2.1.2 Economic and Social Development and Population in Project Area
The areas involved in the Project are mainly the Old Urban Area, East Urban
Area and Development Zone in Yining City. The Old Urban Area is located in the
mid-south of Yining, i.e. the former main urban area under the jurisdiction of 8
district offices; East Urban Area is in east of the City, mainly the area under the
jurisdiction of Kaerdun Township, which is planned to be developed into the cultural
and educational base of Yining City; Development Zone is in the west of the City, i.e.
current industrial park, which is mainly the area under the jurisdiction of Hanbin
Township and part of its is under the jurisdiction of Dadamutu Township and
Bayandai Town, where industrial enterprises will be emphasized. The impact of the
Project on each area covers mainly the followings: the traffic facilities for existing
roads will be improved in Old Urban Area, but two extended sections might result in
housing demolition in Yilihe District Office and Ailanmubage District Office; in East
Urban Area, existing roads will be extended and rebuilt with a large quantity of
housing demolition and land requisition, mainly involves 5 villages in Kaerdun
Township and 2 villages in Kebokeyuzi Village; in Development Zone, some roads
will be rebuilt and extended, and some newly-built with housing demolition and land
requisition in both Dadamutu Township and Bayandai Town, and land requisition
basically in Hanbin Township. A large part of the land necessary for the Project has
been requisitioned and purchased as the land reserved for urban construction.
Therefore, the economic and social development as well as population conditions in
the Project area are limited mainly to 5 townships (Kaerdun, Hanbin, Dadamutu,
Bayandai and Kebokeyuzi Township) and 2 district offices (Yilihe District Office and
35
Ailanmubage District Office), where the major investigation area for social
assessment is located.
Economic and Social Development in Project Area
Kaerdun Township, in east suburb of Yining city, total area is 32 KM2; it is an
urban-rural transition zone linking Yining to five counties in the east; National
Highway No. 218 and Provincial Highway No. 220 pass through the whole township.
This township develops simultaneously agriculture, industry and trade with
agriculture as the leading one. Convenient traffic is available there with National
Highway No. 218, buses No. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12 and 15 as well as the dedicated loop
passing through the township. There are 5 administrative villages and 28 villager
groups in the area. There are 2,930 households and 13.2 thousand people (incl.
agricultural population 11.3 thousand) in the whole township in 2010, consisting of 13
ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak etc., of which, the population of
ethnic minority accounts for 92.52%. Total area of cultivated land is 17.5 thousand
mu, and per capita cultivated land area 1.5mu. In 2010, total economic income of the
whole township is RMB 257 million yuan, per capita net income of farmers RMB
8,315 yuan. The crops are mainly wheat, corn, sugar beet, vegetable, rape and melon
as well as fruit trees. The number of green houses is 3,092 and the floor space 4,552
mu (incl. flower planted area in green house 145mu); 950 plastic arch-sheds of floor
space 475 mu, where such vegetables as capsicum, tomato, color pepper and gourd
are mainly planted, and a protected agriculture base with vegetable planting as the
main industry forms gradually in Kaerdun Township; green houses are mainly located
in three areas, i.e. Dongliang Area and Huaguoshan Area of Kukelanmu Protected
Agriculture Base, and Jiligelang Protected Agriculture Base. The amount of livestock
inventories in the whole township is 11,233, including cattle 4,650. There are 44
enterprises in the township, including 11 large-scaled enterprises, and 400 individual
enterprises (including 12 enterprise of processing agricultural products). The total
income of the enterprises is RMB 800 million yuan and total output value RMB 420
million yuan; 2,520 persons are employed by those enterprises. The township
provides the farmers with training sessions and labor service export for increasing
their income. In 2010, surplus rural labor forces of 6440 person-times are shifted out
of the township for employment and there are floating population of 1,416 persons
and 531 households immigrating into the township. There are 676 poor HHs, 2,441
poor persons at income level fewer than RMB 1,490 yuan in the township; 521 HHs
and 1,205 persons are granted with minimum substance allowance. There are 5
elementary schools, 5 bilingual kindergartens and 19 places for religious activities.
Bayandai Town, in west suburb of Yining City; it is the door to Yining City and
a regional demonstrative town and a demonstrative area of township and village
36
enterprises development. Total area under the jurisdiction of the town is 262.46 KM2,
including cultivated land area 34.8 thousand mu, and per capita cultivated land area
1.74mu. Total population is 32 thousand consisting of 13 ethnic groups such as
Uygur, Han, Kazak and Hui etc., of which, ethnic minority is 71% of total population,
and Uygur 44.64%. There are 7 administrative villages, 1 district office, 6 elementary
schools, 1 hospital and 27 stationed units under its jurisdiction. In 2010, total
economic income of the town is RMB 395 million yuan, of which, primary industry,
Secondary industry and tertiary industry are 31.7%, 23.5% and 44.8%; per capita net
income of farmers is RMB 6556 yuan. There are 4 specialized agricultural
cooperative associations in the town, 2 are of breeding and 2 crop farming; 1,613
green houses; total amount of livestock inventories is 46,393, including 1,980 milk
cows; the area of economic forest is 2,535mu. 7,500 persons of surplus rural labor
force are shifted out with income RMB 36.29 million yuan. 996 HHs and 2,337
persons are granted with minimum substance allowance in the whole town; there are
2,430 poor families, 9720 persons; the amount of immigranted floating population
without local household register is 421 HHs and 1,145 persons.
Hanbin Township, in west suburb of Yining City, total area 29 thousand mu; it
is the new area where the municipal Party committee and government are located, and
the location of Economic Cooperation Zone; Yining Airport and Yining Railway
Station are both in the area under the jurisdiction of this township. There totally are
2,918 HHs and 12.9 thousand persons consisting mainly of 13 ethnic groups such as
Uygur, Han, Dongxiang, Hui and Kazak etc.; Han people has a larger proportion of
the population, i.e. 67% (2009). There are 4 administrative villages and 29 villager
groups under the jurisdiction; the area of cultivated land is 11 thousand mu. In 2010,
total economic income of the township is RMB 298 million yuan, and per capita
income of farmers is RMB 7,747 yuan. With the construction of Development Zone
over recent years, more farmers in Hanbin Township have their land requisitioned;
per capita cultivated land is mu, and many people transfer into secondary industry or
tertiary industry. At present (June 2011), there are more than 1,500 small businesses
in the whole township, and they are of four types: small-scaled workshop, small-
scaled shop, small-scaled transport service and small-scaled lease of houses. There are
more than 3,000 mu of the township in Yining County, Chabuchaer County and
Gongliu County. There are 72 rural-tourism HHs, 15 tourist-visiting HHs and 8
handicraft shops (sand drawing, sawdust drawing or ethnic-style embroidery) in the
township. Tourists of 20 thousand person-times visit the city in the first half of the
year, and the tourism provides more than 300 employment opportunities to the
farmers affected by land requisition.
37
Dadamutu Township, in the north of Yining City, and the area is 57.5 KM2,
including cultivated land of 48 thousand mu. There are 5 administrative villages and
51 villager groups in the area under its jurisdiction. There are more than 7,000 HHs
and more than 32.1 thousand people, including agricultural population 73% and labor
force 5900 persons. The population consists mainly of 14 ethnic groups such as
Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak; ethnic minority population is 81.4% of total population
and Uygur 67%. In 2010, total rural economic income of the township is RMB 388
million yuan, of which, the income of primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary
industry and labor service export is 34%, 26.9%, 28.9% and 10.2% respectively. The
per capita net income of farmers and herdsman is RMB 8,058 yuan in 2010. There are
3,517 HHs and 7,298 persons of floating population; 1,100 HHs and 2,707 persons
enjoying minimum substance allowance. There are 4 schools, 1 health center and 13
mosques in the township.
Kebokeyuzi Township, in east suburb of Yining City, 8 Km from the urban area
and borders on Kaerdun Township westwards. There are about 1,700 HHs and more
than 6,000 in the whole township, consisting of 8 ethnic groups, i.e. Uygur, Han,
Kazak, Hui, Uzbek, Tatar, Xibo and Kirghiz. There are 3 administrative villages
(Kebokeyuzi Village, Tuanjie Village and Aremaili village), 18 villager groups, 3
schools (including 1 middle school and 2 elementary schools) and 1 health center in
the area under its jurisdiction. Total area of the land is 24,000 mu, of which, the area
of cultivated land is 17 thousand mu, in addition to grassland of 9,000 mu. The plants
are mainly grain, vegetable, peanut, sugar beet, melon and fruit. There are more than
10 township and village enterprises including fertilizer plant, coal mine, flour mill,
disposable chopsticks plant, commercial foundry, timber mill, woodworking plant,
plastics plant, acetylene gas plant and oxygen plant.
Yilihe District Office, in the rural-urban overlapping area in southwest of Yining
City; it covers Yilihe Road, Xinhuaxi Road and Huanchengxi Road; and the area
under its jurisdiction is 5.6 KM2; there are 6 communities, 60 administrative unit,
institution or enterprises, 4 religious places (3 mosques and 1 temple) in the area
under it jurisdiction. There are 8,108 permanent HHs and 19.8 thousand persons, of
which, ethnic minority 77% and Uygur 61%. In 2010, 1,368 HHs and 4,276 persons
enjoy minimum substance allowance and monthly average subsistence allowances of
RMB 820 thousand yuan are granted. The amount of registered floating population is
930 HHs and 1,981 persons.
Ailanmubage District Office, in northeast corner of Yining City, and the area
under its jurisdiction is 12 KM2 with 15 communities, 76 units and 7 religious places.
The total population is 20 thousand HHs and 55.72 thousand persons, of which,
permanent population 16 thousand HHs and 46 thousand persons. The population
38
consists of 30 ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak, of which ethnic
minority population is 45.9% of total population, and Uygur 27.9%. 5,192 residents
enjoy minimum substance allowance. The registered floating population is 3,822 HHs
and 9,546 persons.
Table 2-4 Main Economic & Social Indicators of Townships (District Office) in the
Project Area in 2010
Indicator Kaerdun
Township
Bayanda
i Town
Hanbin
Townshi
p
Dadamu
tu
Townshi
p
Yilihe
District
Office
Ailanmubage
District
Office
Total area (KM2) 21.9 262.46 19.3 57.5 5.6 12
Cultivated land (104
mu) 1.75 3.48 1.1 4.8
Households (HH) 2930 8213 2918 7000 8108 20038
Population (104
persons) 1.32 3.2 1.29 3.21 1.98 5.57
Proportion of agricultural
population (%)
85.6 70.0* 21.7* 73.2 15.1* 36.2*
Proportion of ethnic
minority population (%)
92.5 71 33.0* 81.4 77.0 45.9
Total economic income
(100 million yuan)
2.57 3.95 2.98 3.88
Amount of livestock
inventories (capita)
11233 45393 11451* 25471*
Per capita net income of
farmers and herdsman
(yuan/year)
8315 6556 7747 8058
Population enjoying
minimum substance
allowance (person)
1205 2337 2707 4276 5192
floating population
(person)
1416 1145 7298 1981 9546
Data source: data are collected based on report, summary and report from various
townships in 2010 and 2011; some data vary with different sources, and one of them
is used. Data marked with * are the ones of 2009 from Statistical Yearbook of Yining
City in 2010.
The basic conditions of villages and communities in the Project area are as
follows:
39
5 administrative villages in Kaerdun Township are Yingayati Village,
Huaguoshan Village, Dongliang Village, Bayikule Village and Jiergelang Villages,
and all of them are within the Project area.
Yingayati Village is of floor space 5,486 mu, including cultivated land are 2,466
mu. There are 4 villager groups, 17 lanes, 454 HHs and 3016 persons, of which,
ethnic minority population exceeds 90%, 88 households and 189 persons enjoying
subsistence allowance, 5 households and 17 persons enjoying the five guarantees, 79
households and 255 persons are of floating population; in 2010, per capita income of
farmers is RMB 6,071 yuan. There are 1 school, 1 health center, 1 bilingual
kindergarten and 2 mosques.
Huaguoshan Village is of floor space 12.7 thousand mu with 6 villager groups,
627 HHs and 2,867 persons, of which ethnic minority population 92.3%. The village
is of cultivated land 4,325 mu where corn and wheat are planted. There is a cattle
breeding base of 600 mu, and 12 village enterprises. In 2010, the total economic
income of the whole village is RMB 34.77 million yuan, and per capita net income of
the farmers RMB 5,610 yuan. 106 households and 283 persons enjoy subsistence
allowance, 69 households and 223 persons of floating population, and the amount of
the people leaving hometown for employment is 570 persons. There is 1 bilingual
kindergarten, 1 health center and 3 mosques.
Dongliang Village, there are 6 villager groups, 577 HHs and 2,434 persons
consisting of 6 ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak; the population of
ethnic minority accounts for 93%. In 2010, the collective income of the village is
RMB 420 thousand yuan and per capita net income of the farmers 5,179 yuan. There
are 17 village-operated enterprises in the village and the annual rent is RMB 300
thousand. There is 1 elementary school, 2 kindergartens, 1 health center, 1 cultural
activity center for farmers, 1 youth centers and 5 mosques.
Bayikule Village, the total area is 5,210 mu and cultivated land 4,119 mu. There
are 634 HHs and 3,615 persons consisting of ethnic minority population accounting
for 92%. In 2010, agricultural economic income is RMB 35.87 million yuan and per
capita income of farmers RMB 6,001 yuan. There are 110 HHs and 272 persons
enjoying subsistence allowance, and 203 poor families of 497 persons.
Jiergelang Village, the cultivated land is 3,094mu. There are 523 HHs and 2,392
persons in the village, of which, ethnic minority population accounts for 63%. In
2010, total rural economic income is RMB 31.21 million yuan and per capita net
income of the farmers RMB 6,028 yuan. There are 7 collective enterprises in the
village and the collective income is RMB 200 thousand yuan (mainly the rent); the
largest enterprises are brick yard and paper mill.
40
Bayandai Town, there are two villages, i.e. Bayandai Village and New Village
along Xincun Road in the Development Zone.
Bayandaixin Village is in the area 4.2km to south by west of Bayandai Town in
Yining city, consisting of 6 villager groups. There are 638 HHs and 3,040 persons
totally by the end of 2009, consisting of 5 ethnic groups, i.e. Uygur, Kazak, Hui,
Uzbek and Han, of which, ethnic minority population 79.4%. Total cultivated land is
5,600 mu, and per capita area 1.82mu, mainly for crop farming with sugar beet, corn
and wheat, in addition to some small orchards where apply and grape are the main
varieties. There are 193 green houses, fish pounds of 1100mu and more than 400 milk
cows. 1,100 persons left for labor service export. There are 1 elementary school, 1
kindergarten, 1 village-level clinic and 3 mosques.
Bayandai Village, in south suburb of National Highway No. 218; total
population is 566 HHs and 3,741 persons consisting of Uygur, Han, Hui, Kazak,
Uzbek and Dongxiang. Uygur population accounts for 80%. There are 6 villager
groups, and cultivated land of 6,467 mu, mainly for corn and wheat. Total economic
income of the village is RMB 43.59 million in 2010 and per capita income is RMB
7,384 yuan. There are 13 village-operated enterprises in the village with collective
income of RMB 200 thousand yuan, mainly the subcontracting cost of land; there is
sand yard ; there is sand yard and fish pond in the village. There are 152 HHs and 277
persons of floating population. There are also 4 mosques.
Dadamutu Township, its Wulasitai Village is of floor space 8,500 mu and the
cultivated land 5,522 mu; there are 830 HHs and 4,230 persons in the village; per
capita cultivated land is 1.7mu, and per capita income of farmers RMB 5,648 yuan.
There are 7 villager groups in the village, and ethnic minority population 83%,
agriculture population 74.7%; 114 HHs and 265 persons enjoy minimum substance
allowance. There are 4 religious places in the village.
There are 3 villages in Kebokeyuzi Township, of which, Tuanjie Village and
Kebokeyuzi Village are located along four roads: Laoyi Road, Laosi Road, Laowu
Road and Provincial Highway No. 220.
Tuanjie Village, the floor space is 7,507 mu, cultivated land 5,593 mu, 556 HHs
and 2,263 villagers; per capita cultivated land 2.6 mu, per capita income of farmers
RMB 5,126 yuan. There are total 6 villager groups in the village; ethnic minority
population 87.6%; there is 1 religious place.
Kebokeyuzi Village, floor space 8985mu, cultivated land area 5,980 mu, 531
HHs and 2,039 villagers, per capita cultivated land 3.1 mu, per capita income of
farmers RMB 5,202 yuan. There are 6 villager groups and ethnic minority population
90.6%; there is 1 religious place.
41
Table 2-5 Production of Investigated Villages
Villager
group
(group)
Floor
space
(mu)
Cultivated
land
(mu)
Per capita
cultivated
land
(mu/person)
Total
amount of
livestock at
end of year
(capita)
Total rural
economic
income
(104 yuan)
Income
from labor
force
transfer
(104 yuan)
Income
from
village-
operated
enterprise
(104 yuan)
Per capita
income of
farmers is
(yuan)
Yingayati
Village
4 5486 2466 1.3 1484 3204 188 105 6071
Huaguosh
an Village
6 12700 4325 1.7 4687 3477 165 69 5610
Dongliang
Village
6 5255 3538 2.0 1242 3629 261 112 6234
Bayikule
Village
7 5210 4119 1.3 1832 3857 177 81 6001
Jiergelang
Village 5
5300 3094 1.8 1143 3121 161 25 6028
Bayandai
Village
6 4039 1.07 2650 3822 3248 7301
New
Village
6 5160 1.61 4750 4359 3240 7310
Wulasitai
Village
7 8500 5522 1.7 2233 541 36 5648
Tuanjie
Village
6 7507 5593 2.6 2047 2581 664 187 5162
Kebokeyu
zi Village
6 8985 5980 3.1 1965 2590 690 475 5202
Dunmaili
Village
4 3170 500 0.5 1500 850 450 0.6 7450
Table 2-6 Social Living Conditions of Investigaed Villages
Total
population
Floating
population
Amount of
households
enjoying
subsistence
allowance
HH Person
Proportion
of
agriculture
population
(%)
Proportion
of ethnic
minority
population
(%) HH Person HH Person
House
holds
enjoying
the five
guarantees
(person)
Transferred
labor force
(person)
Religious
place
(pcs.)
Yingayati
Village 522 2180 62.9 91.2 79 255 88 189 17 969 2
Huaguoshan 612 2547 88.0 91.5 69 223 106 283 4 871 3
42
Village
Dongliang
Village 616 2076 74.6 90.8 47 151 88 215 6 1286 6
Bayikule
Village 714 3716 88.8 91.4 88 256 110 272 11 922 6
Jiergelang
Village
523 2392 71.2 90.5 113 343 110 246 10 852 3
Bayandai
Village 930 3770 83.2 84.7 152 277 163 271 5 4
New Village 699 3198 91.6 86.7 3
Wulasitai
Village 830 4230 74.7 83 18 45 114 265 5 1280 4
Tuanjie
Village 556 2263 95 87.6 36 112 93 1620 1
Kebokeyuzi
Village 531 2039 94.7 90.6 45 130 92 4 1580 1
Dunmaili
Village 800 2100 54.6 90 67 112 80 198 3 400 1
Data about Kaerdun Township are submitted by the departments concern, and the
proportion of ethnic minority population in the township refers to ethnic minority
population among agricultural population.
Nageerqi Community of Yilihelu District Office has total area of 1.7 KM2; there
is 1 street, 12 lanes, 1 mosque, 120 points of commercial network, 5 administrative
units, institutions or enterprises in the area under its jurisdiction. There are 1,574 HHs
and 4,856 residents living in the community, of which, the permanent residents 1,827
HHs and 5,538 persons, floating population 51 HHs and 202 persons. There are 13
ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han, Kazak, Mongolia, Hui and Xibo, and Uygur people
is 71% of total population. 352 households and 1,109 persons enjoy subsistence
allowance, and the laid-off workers are 221 HHs and 665 persons.
Bayikuoyu Community of Yilihe District Office is located in southwest urban-
rural overlapping area of Yining City, and the floor space is 1.1 KM2. There are two
main lanes (Lane 10 and Lane 11), 15 small lanes and 1 mosque in the area under its
jurisdiction. There are 531 HHs and 2,217 residents in the community, of which,
Uygur population 95%, agriculture population 14.7%, 13 HHs and 39 persons of
floating population, 278 HHs and 945 persons enjoying minimum substance
allowance.
43
Beiyuan Community of Ailanmubage District Office, next to Tianshan Road in
south and link to Huancheng Road in north, there are 9 large compound occupied by
many households and 28 storied buildings, 3 units (incl. 2 elementary schools and 1
center of staff education) and 1 North Mosque for Hui People, and 165 small
businesses of industry and commerce in the community. Total amount of the HHs is
1,722 and 3945 persons, including 1,428 permanent HHs and 3,327 persons; 394 HHs
and 618 persons of floating population. Among the permanent population, ethnic
minority accounts for 41.4%, Uygur population 18.2%. There are 107 HHs and 254
persons enjoying minimum substance allowance, including 46 disabled persons.
Table 2-7 Basic Information about Investigated Communities
Population households
enjoying
subsistence
allowance
floating
population
Houshol
d
Preson
Proportion
ethnic
minority
population
(%) Houshol
d
Preson Houshol
d
Preso
n
Place of
religious
activities
(pcs.)
Nageerqi
Community
1574 4856 352 1109 51 202 1
Bayikuoyu
community
531 2217 95.1 278 945 13 39 1
Beiyuan
Community
1722 3945 41.4 107 254 394 618 1
Community III
in Cooperation
Zone
474 1183 30 218 633 130 265
Ethnic Composing of Population in the Project Area
Yining is a multi-ethnic city consisting of 37 ethnic groups such as Uygur, Han,
Kazak, Hui, Mongol, Xibo, Uzbek and Russia etc., and Uygur population has the
largest proportion, i.e. 49.4% of total population, and the ethnic minority population,
65.1%, excluding Han people. Regarding 2 district offices and 4 townships involved
in the Project, in terms of population composing by township and district office, the
proportion of ethnic minority population is slightly lower than the average level of the
whole city, and 61.38% in 2009, of which, Uygur population 46%, Hui population
8.2%, Kazak population 4.3%, in addition to residents of other ethnic groups such as
Xibo, Uzbek, Man and Mongol, and so on. As a whole, except for Hanbin Township,
44
ethnic minority population is a major part in the other townships and district offices,
of which, Dadamutu Township and Kaerdun Township have a larger proportion of
ethnic minority population. Uygur population is the absolutely majority among ethnic
minorities, and then Hui, Kazak, Xibo, Uzbek and so on.
In the villages and communities involved in the Project area, ethnic minority
population usually sees a larger proportion; in particular the agricultural population in
the villages of Kaerdun Township, the proportion of ethnic minority population
exceeds 90%. The proportion of ethnic minority population in Bayikuoyu Community
under Yilihe District Office is 99%. Among all those villages (communities), ethnic
minority population consists mainly of Uygur people. Furthermore, Hui population
has a relatively high percent in Dongliang Village. Uzbek residents account for 20%
of the population in Bayandaixin Village while Hui and Kazak also about 10%
respectively, which indicates a significant multi-ethnic feature.
The multi-ethnic community or village, the HHs of different ethnic groups are
usually neighbors each other in harmony.
Table 2-8 Ethnic Composing of Population in District Office or Township in the
Project Area in 2009 (%)
Total Han Uygur Hui Kazak Xibo Uzbek Man Mongol Othe
r
Yilihe District
Office 21845 24.00 63.73 5.80 3.13 1.02 1.19 0.27 0.16 0.71
Ailanmubage
District Office 57513个 48.88 36.57 7.11 2.99 1.46 0.87 0.64 0.42 1.06
Hanbin
Township 31619 66.96 20.23 4.65 3.78 1.70 0.16 0.53 0.59 1.39
Kaerdun
Township 15185 23.06 68.00 5.47 2.13 0.13 0.65 0.12 0.01 0.43
Bayandai Town 30605 28.89 44.64 17.74 6.86 0.07 0.42 0.12 0.19 1.07
Dadamutu
Township 29057 16.80 69.01 7.20 4.30 0.09 0.09 0.35 0.04 2.13
Total 18582
4 38.62个 45.95个 8.17个 3.91个 0.90个 0.57个 0.40个 0.29个 1.19个
Whole city 45917
2 34.87 49.40 7.52 4.53 0.97 0.89 0.44 0.29 1.10
Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010, the population data are the
ones by the end of 2009. The population data of Ailanmubage District Office are the
ones in 2008. The data in the yearbook differ from the one provided by the townships
45
due to different statistical size (e.g. some select total population, some permanent
population, or only agricultural population).
Table 2-9 Ethnic Composing of Population in District Office or Township in the
Project Area in 2010 (%)
Ethnic minority population (%) Township,
district office
Village,
community
Populatio
n (person)
Han
population
(%) Total
Uygu
r Hui Kazak Other
Total 11324 8.8 91.2 81.2 7.8 0.9 1.3
Bayikule
Village 3311 8.6
91.4 84.7 4.6 0.8 1.2
Yingayati
Village 1896 8.8
91.2 81.1 5.1 1.4 3.6
Dongliang
Village 1756 9.2
90.8 63.6 26.5 0.3 0.5
Huaguosha
n Village 2593 8.5
91.5 86.7 2.5 0.8 1.5
Kaerdun
Township
Jiergelang
Village 1737 9.5
90.5 82.4 4.8 1.4 1.8
Total 32000 28.9 71.1 44.6 17.7 6.9 1.9
Bayandai
Village 3198
80 Bayandai
Town New
Village * 3040 20.6 79.4 37.9 10.2 10.0 21.3
Total 32100 18.6 81.4 67.0 7.7 3.9 2.8 Dadamutu
Township Wulasitai
Village 4230 17
83
Total 19830 23 77 61 16
Bayikuoyu
community 2217 0.7 99.3 95.1 2.5 0.3 1.4 Yilihe District
Office Nageerqi
Community 4856
71
Total 55720 54.1 45.9 27.9 5.2 3.2 9.5 Ailanmubage
District Office Beiyuan
Community 3327 58.6 41.4 21.6 19.8
Data source: all data are provided by the townships or communities. The data of
Kaerdun Township and its villages are from Party Politics Office at the government,
46
and its ethnic population composing analysis is limited only to the agricultural
population in the area under its jurisdiction, and part of the data are adjusted slightly.
* It is the data in 2009.
2.2 The Major Project-affected People to be identified
It is a project of improving urban transport and covering construction or
reconstruction of roads, construction and improvement of public traffic facilities and
service, and capacity building of the traffic control staff. In terms of project objective,
the Project is to improve the whole traffic conditions in Yining City, in particular the
public traffic conditions so that the traffic environment could be improved, and the
infrastructure for developing economy and society optimize; the Project also is
helpful to increase development opportunities to the residents, improve employment
environment and quality of life while increasing travel efficiency of the resident with
convenience, rapidness and amenity. Therefore, Yining city government is the major
promoter and supporter of the Project and hopes to improve urban transport
environment, attract investment, promote economy, and improve living standard, and
increase employment and income level of the residents with it. At the same time, all
residents will be benefited from the Project. Specifically, the residents living or
working along the project roads will be benefited more since their higher rate of road
utilization, e.g. more convenient and safer travel, and improved living and working
environment etc.; the students will also be benefited from the project roads since the
broadened roads increase safety and extended bus routes and improved service quality
make schooling more convenient; the staff of Bus Company will also be benefited
since their working environment will be improved with increased safety.
However, the inevitable cultivated land requisition and housing demolition will
affect current production mode and lifestyle of the relocated; and the Project will
make urban transport and resident travel a temporary inconvenience during its
implementation. Therefore, the identification of major PAPs is the precondition to
reduce any potential negative impact of the Project.
The main people to be affected negatively by the Project may be divided into the
following:
(1) The residents living in the Project Area (including the ones living along the
newly-built or extended roads, next to the newly-built bus stops or bus depot) since
their cultivated land, housing or shop might by requisitioned or demolished due to
the Project implementation, therefore, their living or production environment might
be changed. For instance, the residents living along Daobeiyi Road in Wulasitai
Village of Dadamutu Township and the residents living along the newly-built roads
47
like Xinhuaxi Road and Wuhan Road in Hanbin Township have to be exposed to
potential land requisition and housing demolition. Being affected by the extension of
several roads in East Urban Area, the resident in 5 villages of Kaerdun Township
may be exposed to land requisition and housing demolition.
(2) The staff working in the shops or enterprises along the project roads: their
employment or income may be affected since the shops or enterprises may be
demolished, e.g. the staff working in some shops or enterprises along the project
roads in Huaguoshan Village and Dongliang Village of Kaerdun Township. Since
those shops or enterprises are small-scaled along the project roads and the land to be
requisitioned for road extension is limited, the people affected by the Project will be
less.
(3) The residents living in or around the Project Area will be affected by
temporary travel difficulty during the project implementation, in addition to noise,
dust and hidden safety trouble due to increased heavy vehicles for construction. The
residents and relevant units in the villages or communities in the Project Area may
be exposed to such influences in general. At the same time, those residents affected
by temporary negative impact during the project implementation desire for the long-
term benefit in travel, living, production and environment with the improved road
conditions.
As a whole, the Project will benefit lots of people while part of them might be
affected negatively by land requisition or housing demolition or the construction
works.
2.3 Production Mode and Lifestyle of Residents in the Communities
The residents in the Project Area could be basically divided into two kinds: the
urban residents living in Old Urban Area, and the rural residents living in several
townships of East Urban Area or Development Zone. The difference between urban
and rural residents is reflected in not only their residential district, but production
mode and lifestyle. Since the newly-built or extended roads are in several townships
of East Urban Area or Development Zone, and only Guangming Road Extension and
Shiyihaoxiaoqu Road as well as traffic facilities for some roads and improvement of
bus service are involved in Old Urban Area, more attention are paid to the
production mode and lifestyle of the rural resident living in the proposed townships
during Social Assessment.
2.3.1 Lifestyle and income status
48
Yining city is of mile climate, sufficient water sources and fertile soil favoring
various grains and cash crops, thus the townships under her jurisdiction have been
important agricultural producing area of wheat, corn and rape as well as various
vegetables, fruits and melons. Those townships see differences in varieties. In 2009,
the vegetable cultivation area is 47% of total cultivation area in Kaerdun Township,
and the wheat area is 41.4% in Bayandai Town while 62.5% in Hanbin Township;
Dadamutu Township sees a large cultivation area of corn (35.5%) (See Table 2-10).
The main crops are corn, wheat and sugar beet in Bayandai Village, usually oil-
purpose sunflower is sown after the harvest of winter wheat and rape, and vegetables
are mainly green onion, carrot and Chinese cabbage.
Table 2-10 Cultivated Land Area in the Project Townships in 2009 (mu, %)
Sown area of major crops Cultivate
d land
area by
end of
year
Per capita
cultivated
land in
rural area
Tota
l
area
*
Wheat Corn Rap
e
Vegetabl
e
Melon
and
fruit
The whole
city
241400 1.67 3038
51 30.4个 26.5个 9.4个 16.3个 2.0个
Hanbin
Township
10077 0.76 1164
1 62.5个 15.1个 7.4个 6.9个 个
Kaerdun
Township
18280 1.61 2645
8 23.5个 7.2个 6.3个 47.0个 1.5个
Bayandai
Town
34004 1.69 4460
5 41.4个 22.2个 8.1个 12.1个 0.3个
Dadamutu
Township
44087 1.57 5227
3 21.4个 35.5个 10.0个 18.7个 3.9个
* The area exceeds cultivated land due to multiple cropping areas.
Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010
Yimamu (male, 60, Uygur), a farmer at Team 6, New Village in Bayandai Town.
There area 6 persons in his family, i.e. he and his wife, his 3rd
son and 3rd
daughter-in-
law, and 2 grandsons. His grandsons are receiving elementary school education.
Yimamu has 5 children, and now he and his wife live together with their 3rd
son. His
other children also give the old couples cash. According to Yimamu, his family is the
one in good economic conditions in the village. They have 15mu for 8 persons since
Yimamu’s parents were alive at land allocation. “I plant corn and wheat, and in this
49
way I could only maintain current life. The corn or wheat harvested from one mu
could be sold at RMB 900 yuan, but the cost for seeds, tractor renting, irrigation and
chemical fertilizer is RMB 250 yuan totally, in addition to RMB 60 yuan for harvester
renting and freight; irrigation at 30 yuan/hr. (which was free before); the land needs
irrigation 4 times, corn 5 times, RMB 120 yuan every time. The net income per mu is
less than RMB 600 yuan, and net income from crop planting is less than RMB 10
thousand yuan. Regarding animal husbandry, he has sheep fed in a pen, and 20-30
yuan income by fattening a sheep that is bought at 600-700 yuan and sold at 800-900
yuan 2-3 months later. The amount of livestock inventories is usually maintained at
about 25-30 capita, and 100 livestock could be sold one year. The cash received from
all children is 2000-3000 yuan altogether.”
The traditional local lifestyle is mainly crop production, plus animal husbandry.
Many Uygur or Hui residents are good at business and catering. The crop production
is based on cultivated land. In the villages with crop production as the main source of
economic income, the amount of cultivated land usually decides economic income
level and living standard of the farmers in this village. The townships covered by the
Project Area all are the ones in suburb of the city, many rural labor force move into
the city or even go to other places for working. The percent of income from land is
decreasing.
Ma Tengfei (male, 50, Hui), a resident in Huaguoshan Village of Kaerdun
Township. There are 10 persons in his family, i.e. he and his wife, 2 unmarried
children, 3 persons of his eldest son’s family, and 3 persons of his second son’s
family. Regarding his 2 unmarried children, the daughter is graduated from a
technical secondary school and waiting for an employment opportunity, and the son
is a college student. According to his eldest son, “we have 9 mu, including my land
of 1 mu, my parents’ land of 2 mu, my grandparents’ (deceased) land of 2 mu, my
eldest younger brother 1 mu, my youngest brother 1 mu, and my two sisters, 1 mu
for each. The land was allocated in 1983 and no change over those years. My wife is
not native, thus no land for her. We brothers cultivate the land for 2 years each in
turn, i.e. 2 years by me, and two years by one of my brother; my young brother has
better economic conditions and has a shop; he wants me to manage the shop but my
sister-in-law does not. I gave them 4 mu and I cultivate the remaining 5 mu. It is
sufficient to support this family since we have two college students. I have to do
part-time job in Yining City during slack season in farming. My wife and I are
working at Huaguoshan Timber Market as bricklayers. I planted apple trees with my
5mu land two years ago, and the trees are one meter high.”
50
The cultivated land area is decreasing with more land-losing farmers since the
extension of urban area, and some farmers have become the village residents in urban
area residents who live in storied buildings like the urban residents. They have no
cultivated land and are employed in urban area. Some villagers find traditional
agriculture and animal husbandry difficult to support their families due to the
decreased cultivated land, and they have to increase their income by doing part-time
job, trade, catering and shop business etc. In 2009, the per capita cultivated land area
of rural population is less than 2 mu in Yining, and the townships see a level of per
capita cultivated land area lower than the average level except for Bayandai Town
with a slightly higher level than the average one. In Hanbin Township, the per capita
cultivated land area is reduced to 0.76mu due to land requisition for the construction
of Development Zone over recent years, and a large number of labor force transfer to
non-agricultural production (see Table 2- ). In Bayikule Village of Kaerdun
Township, there are 89 land-losing farmer HHs or 12.5% of total HHs in the village.
In 2010, the land requisitioned is 810mu and 86 HHs are affected in the village. In
Wulasitai Village of Dadamutu Township, land requisition is 300mu for Daobeier
Road in Cooperation Zone in 2010; and another land requisition of 500mu by
Qinghua Mining Company in 2011. A land-losing farmer in Huaguoshan of Kaerdun
Township has to do part-time job such as selling fruits in Yining City after losing his
land, and now he is running a small shop.
Taxibulata (Uygur, female, 49), a native villager in KaerdunYingayati Village.
There are four persons in her family, i.e. the couples and one son, one daughter. In
2003, their land was requisitioned by the production brigade for construction of a
heating station. Her husband is doing transport business now as a coachman. Her son
is 29, unmarried and doing part-time job without a permanent job. I am a housewife
and sometimes I have an opportunity to work as a cleaner at the production brigade,
or do housekeeping in some other households.
Even without land requisition, people also increase their income level by
increasing their income sources with multiple means of life. They have a decreasing
dependence upon the cultivated land.
Bubinisha (female, 37, Uygur), a villager at Yingayati Village in Kaerdun
Township. There are four persons in her family, i.e. the couples and one son, one
daughter. Her daughter is a student in a middle school, and her son in an elementary
school. She said, “we have 1.7 mu, mainly planting vegetable and watermelons. The
51
cost is great, chemical fertilizer, pesticides….. I have someone else contracted my
land at 300 yuan a year. I don’t want to go in for farming any more. We do business
but I don’t know exactly how much we earn a year since my husband keeps money.
We do shoes business (small workshop) in our own courtyard, and sell our shoes
products on the market. We employ 10 workers who are all from farmer households.
It is better to have a shoes shop than farming since it is not so tired and makes
money.”
Agricultural production is not in a traditional form any more. In order to increase
per unit area yield, varieties of high investment and high profit are developed with
more greenhouses and fruit trees. Various agricultural cooperatives appear and
intensive production area increases with popular land circulation. Some farmers have
their own land contracted and then do part-time job, do business or service for profit.
In 2010, there are 3,092 greenhouses in Kaerdun Township and the floor space
4,552mu (incl. flower planting in greenhouse of 145mu); 950 plastic arch-sheds of
floor space 475mu, mainly for capsicum, tomato, color pepper and gourd. There are
1,420 greenhouses of 2,400 mu in Dongliang Village, in addition to 100 sheds of 50
mu, such structure accounts for 69.2% of total cultivated land in the village. The
orchard area is 1,570mu or 36.3% of total cultivated land in Huaguoshan Village,
mainly used for apple trees.
Yamaimaiti (male, Uygur), a villager in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township.
There are 6 persons and 7mu land in his family. He has all his land contracted at
500 yuan per year and some Ha people are planting vegetables on his land. Total
rent is 3,500 yuan per year. His children are doing part-time job outside.
Maimaitijiang (58, male, Uygur), a villager in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun
Township. There are 8 persons and 12 mu land in his family. 10 mu land is provided
with protected agriculture, and he has income of 500 yuan per mu, total 5,000 yuan
every year. He himself cultivates only 2 mu. He thinks farming is not cost-efficient
due to pesticide cost. His two sons do part-time job and married now.
In Bayandai Town, the rent for greenhouse is 500 yuan/mu per year, and the
greenhouse shall be paid separately. The land is rented by the township or village
collectively for 10 years. The households are built by the government. There are 320
households in Bayandai Village. According to some cadre of the town, there are many
floating population who worked in the greenhouses of Hanbin Township, but when
Hanbin Township became Development Zone with requisition of cultivated land,
most of them transferred to Bayandai Town for greenhouse work.
52
MA Guofu, a worker in some greenhouse of Bayandai Town. He rents 41
greenhouses and invests 1 million yuan every year. He hires 123 persons at monthly
salary of 1000-2000 yuan/person. Flowers are the main variety he plants. The profit
of planting vegetable is low since vegetable price fluctuates greatly. When the
demand is high in winter, the rise in price is prohibited (by the government), but
when the demand is low, no one will mitigate such institutions. Flower planting
needs channels for marketing, and has also to meet requirements of technology and
management. My flowers are sold to the City. I plant what the market needs. My
market share is 40%.
Yiliyaer (male, 38, Uygur), a villager in Bayandai Village. He began
greenhouses in 2008. He had four greenhouses but it was too busy to manage. Since
it is expensive to hire persons, he had to rent three greenhouses out and manage only
one by himself. The gross income of one greenhouse is 10 thousand yuan and the net
income 7000-8000 yuan.
Yili Wutong Technology Co., Ltd. is built in Huaguoshan Village of Kaerdun
Township, which was registered in March 2011. According to WANG Hongqi, the
corporate representative of the Company, the registered capital is 1 million yuan and
the floor space exceeds 200 mu by mainly renting the land of Team III of Huaguoshan
Village at 600 yuan/mu per year. 2 million yuan has been invested now without
output yet. The scale will be reached after three years. Saplings are planted there, such
as clove lilac, toon and chinar etc. The size will be enlarged in the future and about
30-40 workers employed. There are only 11 workers now. Many workers will be
required to plant trees in spring and autumn, and then more than 100 seasonal laborers
will be employed.
Fig. 2-1 Ecological Variation Chart in Bayandaixin Village (PRA)
53
Since land circulation exists in rural area, and some land-losing farmers lost their
land not because land requisition but they sold their land (have it contracted for a
long time) for some other purpose. Many of them are categorized as poor
households.
Reyihanguli (female, 37, Uygur), a person from a household enjoying
subsistence allowance in Yingayati Village of Kaerdun Township: I sold all my land
of 1.7 mu at 34 thousand yuan for curing my kid since a traffic accident took place. I
sold my land for curing my kid, and all those money spent on curing my kid.
The employed rural population in the Project Area reflects roughly the
production structure in the Project Area. Except for Hanbin Township, the other town
or townships still have traditional agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery
as the ones attracting main labor force, in particular, the population in agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Dadamutu Township accounts for 79.4% of
total employed population there, which reflects the position of agricultural production
in local production pattern. Besides the employed population in agriculture, forestry,
animal husbandry and fishery, there are many people employed in building industry in
Kaerdun Township; in Bayandai Town, there are many people engaged in
transportation and storage sectors; 36% of employed population in wholesale,
retailing and catering in Hanbin Township while less than 1/3 in agriculture, forestry,
animal husbandry and fishery. Commerce and trade is an important industry in the
Project Area, including Yining City, and many rural people employed in wholesale,
retailing and catering, in particular in Hanbin Township where there are many land-
losing farmers. It is also an important way for local government to build markets and
increase shops to encourage the employment of land-losing farmers. There are many
people engaging in catering in Bayandai Village and 280 persons left for job outside.
Table 2-11 The Employed Rural HHs, Population and Villagers in the Project Area in
2009
Employed villager (%) Rural
househ
olds
(HH)
Rural
populati
on(104
persons)
Total
(person)
Agriculture,
forestry,
animal
husbandry
Industry Building
industry
Transportat
ion and
storage
Wholesale,
retailing and
catering
Other
The whole
city 31141 140780 68253 58.8 8.8 8.9 7.9 11.6 3.8
54
Hanbin
Township 3307 13342 5320 32.3 3.6 7.0 14.2 36.0 6.8
Kaerdun
Township 2476 11324 5674 47.8 10.6 20.0 5.7 9.6 6.4
Bayandai
Town 3975 20167 10322 44.2 10.2 10.5 21.3 11.5 2.3
Dadamutu
Township 6210 28127 11660 79.4 1.7 9.2 3.4 3.2 3.0
Data source: Statistical Yearbook of Yining City in 2010
Among 3,716 residents in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township, the amount of
labor force is 866, of which, 131 in primary industry, 180 in secondary industries
(incl. 120 in industry), 50 in building industry, 555 in tertiary industry (incl. 180 in
catering, 110 in transportation and 215 in service), and 50 in other industries. 42
persons transfer to some other place out of Xinjiang for a long time, mainly in
catering. In the village, there are 10 refrigerated warehouses, 8 timber mills, 1
furniture plant, 1 chopsticks plant, 1 oil mill, 1 tyre repairing department, 1 flour mill,
1 privately-operated skill training center, 1 distributor of Shanghai Volkswagen
Company, 5 large-scaled machinery leasing company, 1 sand plant, 1 bitumen
processing plant, 3 fish ponds, 1 casting factory, 1 color steel plate plant, 1 garage, 1
parting lot, and 1 4-storied building of Normal School No.2.
In New Village of Bayandai Town, of village economic income in 2010, the
income from crop production is 8.65 million yuan, industry 5.89 million yuan, and
transportation 3.84 million yuan. The main income sources of the villager works or do
transportation business outside. The villagers who work out are mainly engaged in
building industry as casual laborers mostly. There are 3 brick yards in the village, and
the villagers in transportation business transport the bricks out. Most of them employ
vehicles in the village such as farm truck or tractor. There are about 10 HHs in very
good economic conditions, who are mainly engaged in livestock breeding like milk
cow or sheep, also some operate small plants.
Fig. 2-2 Industrial Composing of Per Capita Income in Dadamutu Township in 2010
55
Data source: Reports of Agricultural Economic Station at Township-level
�����labor service export� �����tertiary industry� �����secondary
industry������Primary industry
Multiple production modes bring the farmers more income. According to the
analysis of per capita income of farmers and herdsman in Dadamutu Township, of
annual per capita net income 8,058 yuan, the income from primary industry accounts
for 45% (3,668 yuan) of total income, and primary industry is still the main source of
income. Of which, agriculture (crop production), animal husbandry and forestry are
62.6%, 35.1% and 2.2% respectively; of crop production, 61.7% of income comes
from greenhouses; the income of secondary industry accounts for 11% of total
income, basically from industry and building industry; the income from tertiary
industry accounts for 22% of total income, of which, catering and transportation are
the main sources. The income from labor service export plays an important role in
income as much as 22% of total income.
Fig. 2-3 Per Capita Income Composing of Farmers from Tertiary Industry in
Dadamutu Township
�����other incomes�����service
industry�����transportation�����catering
或托劳
开开劳
22劳
22劳
22%
37%
11%
30%
56
Such multiple sources of income are reflected also in questionnaire. According to
the investigated farmers in the Project Area, the most important income source is still
crop production, and self-employment comes next, and then working outside.
Table 2-12 Main Income Sources of Farmers According to Questionnaire (HH)
Importance
Cro
p
pro
ductio
n
Anim
al
husb
andry
& liv
estock
breed
ing
Work
ing
outsid
e
Self-
emplo
ym
ent
Salary
or
pen
sion
Subsiste
nce
allow
ances
Housin
g
rentin
g
oth
ers
Total
samples
Most 105 10 90 97 71 61 1 11 446
Less 14 7 57 30 14 38 2 5 167
Least 2 2 8 4 2 8 1 3 30
Fig. 2-4 Most Important Income Source of the Investigated Farmers
�������salary or pension����subsistence
allowances����other�����crop production�������animal husbandry &
livestock breeding����working outside������self-employment
Income sources of several farmer HHs
Maimaitijiang (male, 60, Uygur), a villager in Dongliang Village of Kaerdun
Township. He has 1 son, 3 daughters and 3 grandsons. All his children are married
and live independently. His son is a carpenter mainly in decoration; his daughters
are tailors. He has land of 12mu and net income from the land is 2,000 yuan per
year; he also has 3 milk cows. He served as a village cadre for 3 years at working
subsidy of 600 yuan per month.
Nuermaimaiti (male, 57, Uygur), a villager in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun
Township. There are 6 persons in his family, of which, 1 kid is a college student, 1
23劳
2劳
2工劳
22劳
开6劳
开或劳
3劳
57
kid works as a pancake maker, and one daughter is unemployed. He has a land of
7mu and the income from the land is 3,500 yuan per year. He also works as a casual
laborer at 30 yuan a day.
Dilixiati (male, 44, Uygur), a villager in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township.
There are 4 persons in his family. The main income source of household income is
transportation business. He has two heavy-duty freight cars and annual income
reaches 70-80 thousand yuan.
Balatijiang (male, 48, Uygur), a villager in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township.
There are 4 persons in his family, including one daughter who is a student now. He
has 8 mu cultivated land. His house site allocated by the village is 0.5 mu. He built a
2-storied building in 2009 and the floorage is 338m2, including a shop of 80m
2 facing
the street at cost about 150 thousand yuan then, and now its market price is about 650
thousand yuan. The rent for this shop is 1,500 yuan per year for one room, and total
6,000 yuan for 4 rooms. The main source of his household income is the rent. His son
works outside or does farming with annual income of 20 thousand yuan.
Halidan (female, 56, Uygur), a villager in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu
Township. There are 6 persons in her family: she and her husband, one son, one
daughter and two grandsons. She has a land of 12mu, planting wheat and corn with
annual income of 5,000-6,000 yuan. She also has 20 sheep, 2 cows and some chicken,
which brings more than 20 thousand yuan to her family. There are about 6 or 7
households like her family in the lane, they support the family by selling milk mainly,
and also have a shop facing the street.
××× (female, 24, Uygur), a villager in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township.
There are 6 persons in her family: her parents-in-law, she and her husband, his son,
and a sister-in-law (a student). Her elder sister-in-law got a divorce and lives with her
kid together in this family. She has a cultivated land of 7.6mu, and wheat is planted
this year. After harvesting 1,200kg wheat, she plants oil-purpose sunflower there. She
was informed of road construction there and failed to cultivate the land well. Main
income source of the family is pancake-making. Her husband sets up a pancake shop
in the township, 50kg flour could be consumed per day and daily income is estimated
to be 50-60 yuan, all those works are done by himself; he leaves home early and gets
home late. Her parents-in-law are aged and cannot do any heavy work. She does
housework at home.
With respect to the residents living urban area, they have more income sources
by doing different jobs. Among the income sources of the investigated residents in
communities (234 persons), self-employment is the most important one, and part-time
job comes next. Since many of the investigated are people of low- or middle-income
58
level, 18% of the investigated take subsistence allowances as their most important
income source (see Fig. 2-5). Most of the self-employed individuals set up a shop
facing the street and sell certain commodities or offering various services.
Fig. 2-5 Most Important Income Source of the Investigated Residents in
Communities According to Questionnaire
�������salary or pension����subsistence
allowances����other�����crop production����working
outside������self-employment
It is an important task of the staff at district office and community service to
settle the employment problem for the residents. One of the staff at Nageerqi
Community of Yilihe District Office in Yining City said: Uygur residents account for
about 80% of total residents in this community, and many residents run a shop or do
part-time job. Such people as the laid-off works due to bankrupt or restructured
enterprises, and the youth graduated from colleges or technical secondary school but
fail to find a job Yining do odd job on markets. The community provides the
unemployed with vocational training; the topic is Chinese-style cake making in 2010,
and cooking & silk-screen flower making in 2011. People are organized to receive
training sessions at Yining Vocational Training School for 60 days, and they could
receive a certificate with an acceptable test.
Residents ling in the Community who do business
Aibibai·Hamuti (female, 42, Uygur), a resident in Bayikuoqia Community under
Yilihe District Office. There are 5 persons in her family: the couples and 3 daughters.
All her daughters are students now. she and her husband run a shop that is close to the
road, and household goods such as toothpaste, towel, instant noodles and beverage are
6劳
22劳
3工劳
2开劳
开族劳
3劳
59
sold there, also some snack food that are wholesaled rather than self-made; in addition
to livestock feeding stuff and fruits like watermelon. The building of the shop is
rented at 60 yuan per room, and total 240 yuan for 4 rooms every month. They buy
the goods in large quantities for resale by themselves at the wholesale market. They
do it at least once a week. With the proposed road construction, the shop is certain to
be demolished. Her husband has lumbar disease and cannot do any heavy work. He
enjoys subsistence allowances. The whole family has to be dependent only on
subsistence allowances without this shop, and they do not know what to do in the
future. It is hard for them with low educational level to find a job.
ZHANG Quanhong (female, 44, Han), a resident in Beiyuan Community. She
opened a shop (Chengguang Shop) in 2007. It is a 2-room shop about 50 m2.
Household goods such as food are sold mainly to the student in Experimental
Elementary School No.1 (opposite to the shop) and the residents in Beiyuan
Community. The building is owned by her relatives. She is only taking care of the
building and pays her relatives some rent based on the profit. Generally speaking, the
business is ok during the semesters; the income is also ok during Spring Festival. But
it would be slack season during all the other time.
Fig. 2-2 Distribution of Residents and Farmers in Dongliang Street, Kaerdun
60
Township
2.3.2 Living Conditions and Social Structure
It is usually a core family structure, rural or urban, in the Project Area. The son
separates from his parents and live separately after getting married or having a kid;
the daughter leave her parents and goes to her husband’s family or have another core
family separately after getting married. The family size usually is 4-5 persons. For
some young couples who fail to afford a new apartment (urban HHs), or some young
couples who fail to get a house site for newly-built house (rural HHs), they live
together with their parents and married or unmarried siblings in a courtyard.
According to the questionnaire, the family size of the investigated is 4.6 persons
on average, and the mode is 4 persons; 1 at least and 16 at most. Comparatively
speaking, Uygur family has the largest size of 4.7 persons on average, Hui comes
next at 4.6, and Han at 4. Rural residents have a larger family of 4.95 persons on
average, and self-employed & owner of private enterprise at 4.4.
Table 2-13 Population Composing of the Investigated HHs by Ethnic Group (%)
1-3
persons
4-6
persons
7-10
persons
> 11
persons
Averag
e
Number of
samples
Total 29.3 57.8 11.8 1 4.6 499
Uygur 25.5 60.9 12.5 1.2 4.70 373
Han 49.3 43.5 5.8 1.4 3.99 69
Hui 28.9 57.8 13.3 0 4.6 45
The employment status of residents decides directly their individual income and
their family’s living standard. According to the questionnaire, many families have
employed members; mostly 1 or 2 members are employed. In 2010, the Party
Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region require the town and city to make
efforts and eliminate any phenomenon of “zero-employment” families, i.e. to ensure
at least one of the members having labor capability in every family get employed. The
methods include commonweal posts provided by relevant governmental departments,
provision of employment information and strengthening of employment training.
Urban HHs see greatly-improved employment conditions. In general, rural HHs have
their own land and the members at labor age are treated as the employed. Therefore,
the rate of HHs having employed population is high. At the same time, some HHs
also have unemployed population. Of course, it is difficult with this questionnaire to
reflect objectively the employment status of the residents’ family since people have
different opinion about what is employment. Some people think it is employment with
61
stable income or even working at state organs or institutions and enterprises while the
flexible employment (in the form of part-time, temporary or flexible working system)
shall not be treated as employment. Therefore, there is great difference in the
identification of employment. According to questionnaire statistics, lots of data about
employment status are missing and it is hard to make statistics about employment or
unemployment with such insufficient data. Furthermore, the farmers account for
36.4% of the investigated on the item of unemployed population, which differs to
some extent from the general statistic size, which also reflects that employment will
be a big deal to the group of farmers with the increasing number of land-losing
farmers.
Among the investigated HHs, about 1/4 have member(s) losing working capacity
population, including the aged and the disabled.
More than a half of the HHs have kid(s) studying in school. Nine-year
compulsory education system is enforced widely in Yining City, and almost all
children are obligated to receive education of elementary school and junior high
school. But for the adults, there still are certain amount of persons fails to receive
education of middle school or even elementary school.
Table 2-14 Basic Information of Population in the Investigated HHs.
0 1
perso
n
2
persons
3
persons
4
persons
5
persons
6 persons
or more
Valid
data
Missing
Employed
population*
1.0 50.7 34.0 9.2 3.3 1.6 0.3 306 203
Of which:
female
4.6 75.7 15.1 3.9 0.7 152 357
Unemploye
d population
0.5 47.3 26.6 15.8 6.8 1.8 1.4 222
287
Of which:
female
0.6 65.5 22.8 7.6 1.8 1.8 171
338
Lossing
working
capacity
4.0 55.6 37.3 3.2
126
383
Student 2.0 51.9 34.0 8.8 3.0 .3 297 212
*Employed population includes the flexibly-employed persons like part-time worker
and venders.
62
According to the questionnaire, many of the residents in the Project Area are of
education background of junior high school or high school. The educational level is
related to occupation. The manual laborers and the workers outside of the state-
employed system see usually a lower educational level, but few of them also received
higher education (see Table 2-15). Rural residents see a large percent of elementary
school educational background. According to the questionnaire, 37.9% of the farmers
received elementary school education; among the labor force of 866 persons in
Bayikule Village of Kaerdun Township, 58.7% elementary school educational
background (see Fig. 2-5).
Table 2-15 Educational Background in Some Occupations according to the
Questionnaire (%)
College
educatio
n or
more
Associat
e
educatio
n
Technica
l
secondar
y school
High school
(technical
school,
vocational
senior
middle
school)
Junio
r
high
schoo
l
Elementar
y school
Illiterat
e and
semi
-
illiterat
e
Sample
s
Farmer 1.7 0.6 1.7 13.6 25.4 37.9 19.2 177
Self-
employed
individuals
& owner of
private
enterprise
1.2 2.5 3.7 17.3 44.4 23.5 7.4 81
Part-time
worker 2.3 18.2 52.3 20.5 6.8 44
The
unemploye
d
1.7 1.7 1.7 24.1 41.4 17.2 12.1 58
Total 5.5 6.3 3.8 20.2 29.9 23.8 10.5 495
Fig. 2-5 Educational Background of Labor Force in Bayikule Village (person)
,个开族工
,个托工族
,个摩6
,个开族
,个摩托 ,个服
63
���junior high school� ���high school� ���technical secondary school�
�����associate or more����illiterate����elementary school
According to the questionnaire, 78% of the respondents live in their own houses,
and 17% rent housing, and 3.8% live in the housing of his relative or friend. By
occupation, the farmers see the largest percent with respect to people living in their
own houses, i.e. 87%; self-employed individuals & owner of private enterprise see a
large percent in renting, i.e. 33.3%, and most of them rent a shop facing the street for
the purpose of living and doing business; 73.8% of the part-time workers live in their
own house, which means they works near their home; the unemployed see a large
percent in renting single-storey houses or live in a house of his relative or friend,
which reflects poor living conditions. The housing conditions of different ethnic
groups relate more closely to their occupations rather than their ethnic identity. Han
people see a large percent in housing renting since many of them do business; Uygur
people see a large percent in living their own houses since they have a large
proportion of local farmers.
Table 2-16 Housing Conditions of the Investigated (%)
Self-owned Rent
Storied
building
Single-
storey
house
Storied
building
Single-
storey
house
In
housing
of a
relative
or friend
Other Samples
Total 10.8 67.5 6.9 10.2 3.8 0.8 480
Uygur 8.5 72.9 5.1 8.5 4.2 0.8 354
Han 22.1 41.2 19.1 16.2 1.5 68
Et
hn
ic
gr
ou
p
Hui
15.6 66.7 2.2 13.3 2.2 45
Farmer 1.2 86.0 2.4 7.9 1.8 0.6 164
Self-employed
individuals&
owner of private
enterprise
17.3 48.1 16.0 17.3 1.2 81
Part-time worker 11.9 61.9 9.5 9.5 7.1 42
Oc
cu
pat
io
n
The unemployed 3.8 60.4 1.9 18.9 13.2 1.9 53
64
The gap between the rich and the poor appears obviously no matter in rural or
urban area since their family income differs from each other, which leads people to
live in very different conditions. According to the questionnaire, the percent of
families believing they are low-income ones is 45%, and then middle-income one,
35.8%, and the poor ones 13.6%. Since purposive sampling rather than random
sampling is adopted for this questionnaire, and more attention is paid to the low-
income groups (a large percent of households enjoying subsistence allowance) and
ethnic minority groups during the investigation, the reflected living standard of the
investigated is low, and so their income level. This is why more groups shall not be
reasoned by analogy based on such difference in living standard and income level by
ethnic groups.
Table 2-17 Living Standard of HHs according to the Investigated Himself
High-incme
HHs
Middle-
income HHs
Low-
income HHs
Poor HHs Unclear Samples
Total 4.0 35.8 45.1 13.6 1.4 494
Uygur 3.0 34.8 45.8 14.8 1.6 371
Han 3.1 43.1 49.2 4.6 65
Hui 13.3 37.8 35.6 13.3 45
By income level, the investigated HHs of annual income less than 10 thousand
yuan in 2010 account for 60.2%; at the same level, the farmer group is higher, 75.3%,
which reflects more farmers are the people of middle- or low-income. Of course, part
of the farmers’ income does not present itself in the form of cash since it is produced
and consumed by the farmer himself. Therefore, the farmers’ income is low by cash
receipts only. The households of annual income between 10-30 thousand yuan
account for 24.7%; 30-60 thousand yuan, 13%; more than 60 thousand yuan, only 3%;
and the investigated HHs of annual income more than 100 thousand yuan are of self-
employed or privately-operated enterprise. As a whole, the self-employed individuals
& owner of private enterprise receive good income, but 1/3 of them also express that
their annual family income is less than 10 thousand yuan, and per capita income is
only 2 thousand yuan at 4 persons in a family on average, in other words, the income
level is very low.
65
Fig. 2-6 Household Income Level in 2010 according to the Questionnaire
1�-2��10-20 thousand�2�-3��20-30 thousand�3�-4��30-40 thousand�4�-
6��40-60 thousand�6�����more than 60 thousand�5�����less than 5
thousand
或 -6
托劳
6
3劳
3 -或
族劳
2 -3
开工劳
开 -2
开托劳
托
36劳
托 -开
23劳
66
Table 2-18 Household Income of the Investigated by Ethnic Group and Occupation
in 2010 (%)
Less than
5 thousnd
yuan
5-10
thousan
d yuan
10-20
thousan
d yuan
20-30
thousan
d yuan
30-40
thousan
d yuan
40-60
thousan
d yuan
60-100
thousand
yuan
More
than
100
thous
and
yuan
Samp
les
Total 36.3 22.9 14.5 10.2 7.6 5.4 1.6 1.4 498
Uygur 41.9 23.9 13.7 8.3 6.5 4.3 0.8 0.5 372
Han 17.4 17.4 20.3 18.8 13.0 8.7 4.3 69
Et
hni
c
gro
up
Hui
13.6 22.7 15.9 11.4 9.1 11.4 4.5 11.4 44
Farmer 48.9 26.4 10.3 6.3 6.3 1.1 0.6 174
Self-
employed
individua
ls&
owner of
private
enterprise
11.3 22.5 21.3 17.5 8.8 12.5 1.3 5.0 80
Oc
cu
pat
ion
Part-time
worker 36.4 31.8 13.6 4.5 6.8 4.5 2.3 44
The participants made a basic description about the rich-poor gap between 130
farmer HHs in the meeting of lane officers (5 persons) at Huaguoshan Village of
Kaerdun Township. According to the description below, the amount of HHs treated
as poor ones by the villager exceeds 50%; the HHs of middle-income account for
less than 1/4; and the richest HHs are very few, and their household income differs
greatly from the households of other income levels.
1 The richest 3 HHs annual income about 500 thousand
yuan
2 relative rich 10 HHs annual income about 250
thousand yuan
3 middle-income 30 HHs annual income about 10 thousand
yuan
4 The poor 77 HHs annual income about 2 thousand
yuan
67
The rural residents engage in multiple production modes for different income
sources, and the gap between the rich and the poor is also obvious. The income is
low for the residents who engage only in crop production. According to local cadre,
there are 500 HHs totally engaging in crop production in Bayikule Village of
Kaerdun Township, mainly planting wheat, corn and vegetables at annual income
level of 6,000-10,000 yuan; 380 HHs in livestock breeding, including 15 HHs
having more than 10 capita; 28 HHs in handiwork, mainly knitting and carpentry
products at annual income level of 20 thousand yuan; 53 HHs in business, mainly
garment marketing at supermarkets at annual income level of 15-48 thousand yuan.
There are certain amount of poor population in every village and community.
According to the policies, the rural HHs of annual per capita income less than 1,490
yuan shall be poor ones in Yining, and the rural HHs of annual per capita income
less than 900 yuan (a dynamic indicator to be increased constantly) shall be entitled
to enjoy minimum substance allowance and named as the households enjoying
subsistence allowance. The rural residents whose per capita income and actual living
standard lower than local minimum substance allowance standard are eligible ones
to apply for rural subsistence allowances. At present, the rural population enjoying
rural minimum substance allowance is 13,674 and 8.9% of total rural population in
the whole city. There are 2,430 poor HHs and 9,720 poor persons among the total
population of 32 thousand in Bayandai Town; there are 996 HHs and 2,337 persons
enjoying the minimum subsistence allowance, including 308 urban HHs and 757
urban residents of subsistence allowances and 688 rural HHs and 1580 rural resident
of subsistence allowance. In Kaerdun Township, there are 964 poor HHs and 2,441
poor residents; 502 HHs and 1,205 persons enjoy subsistence allowance. In addition,
for rural residents, the HHs enjoying the five guarantees (the aged, the disabled or
the villager under 16, no working capacity, no income source, and no legal
supporter, foster or obligor in the maintenance, or the villager whose legal supporter,
foster or obligor in the maintenance having no capacity of legal supporter, foster or
obligor in the maintenance) and the disabled are also the groups of difficulties in
living and supported with certain subsidy from the government. In Yining City,
there are 1,976 rural HHs enjoying the five guarantees at per capita subsidy of 150
yuan monthly; 545 disabled children or orphans at a subsidy of 210 yuan monthly;
in Kaerdun Township, there are 24 HHs and 48 persons enjoying the five
guarantees.
The subsistence allowances standard for urban residents differs from that for the
rural ones. For the urban residents holding a non-agricultural household register in the
administrative area of Yining City, if the monthly per capita income of his family
68
member(s) with whom he lives together is lower than the minimum substance
allowance in Yining City, such residents shall be entitled to enjoy urban residents’
minimum substance allowance at 155 yuan/month/person. The guarantee fund for the
residents who having no income source, working capacity, legal supporter and foster
shall be granted in full at the standard of minimum substance allowance, and the other
objects to be guaranteed shall be assisted based on the difference. 60,189 rural or
urban residents, about 15% of total population of Yining, enjoy minimum substance
allowance now, and the monthly per capita subsistence allowances is 161 yuan on
average.
Yasen Aimaiti, a villager in Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town (67, Uygur): the
aged of 60 and more enjoys a subsidy of 60 yuan monthly; the substance allowance
for the households enjoying subsistence allowance is granted every 3 months, and I
received the month for the 1st quarter. The money for the 2
nd quarter (April-June) is
not granted yet. There are 271 villagers enjoying subsistence allowance in the
village, and the appropriated amount for every quarter is about 61,000 yuan that is
divided by 271 persons and every person enjoying subsistence allowance could
receive about 225 yuan, or 75 yuan monthly on average. I am suffering from high
blood pressure, high blood fat and hyperglycemia. I am also one of the persons
enjoying subsistence allowance, and my wife, my son (30 years old) and I are
supported by subsistence allowances, 675 yuan totally every quarter.
Table 2-19 People of Difficulties in Kaerdun Township
Subsistence
allowances Poverty Five guarantees
HH Person HH Person HH Person
Objects
with
preferential
treatment
(person)
Disabled
(person)
Total 502 1205 964 2441 24 48 14 226
Bayikule
Village 110 272 203 497 5 11 6 60
Yingayati
Village 88 189 207 554 5 17 0 30
Dongliang
Village 88 215 189 459 5 6 2 46
Huaguoshan
Village 106 283 174 448 4 4 3 49
Jiergelang
Village 110 246 191 483 5 10 3 41
69
Based on the data provided by the Social Affairs Center of Kaerdun Township
government
Concerning the concept of poverty, different standards are applied with different
opinions. For instance, some poor household may live in a house that is of potential
value, but such a house is not sold and cannot be transformed into assets, therefore,
the household shall still enjoy subsistence allowance.
The cadre from Kaerdun Township said: “in my opinion, it is hard to distinguish
the rich from the poor at the township level. For instance, some persons enjoy
subsistence allowances with his assets equivalent to several million yuan. The land
price is high at 1 million yuan per mu on Jiefang Road in Ying City. Many people
have their own courtyard there, only the yard itself, the area is 2-3 mu, which means 2
or 3 million yuan. But those people do not have their yards rented or sold, but enjoy
subsistence allowances. The land is at 200-300 thousand yuan per mu in Huaguoshan
Village. If we put the said into consideration, 80℅ of the residents enjoying
subsistence allowances are not eligible for the subsistence allowances. There is one
household enjoying subsistence allowances with a 5-mu yard in Jiefang Road. 5
families share that yard, doing nothing but enjoying subsistence allowances. If the
yard is sold, every family may have 2 million yuan. But they do not do that.”
Besides social security for the low-income groups, rural and urban residents may
enjoy various types of social security including endowment insurance and medical
insurance etc. For the farmers, the social security they may enjoy is mainly New-style
Rural Cooperative Medical Care, New-style Rural Endowment Insurance and
minimum substance allowance, of which, the medical insurance has the largest
coverage.
For New-style Rural Endowment Insurance, any resident having rural household
register, 16 years old or more (excl. students in school or college), without basic
endowment insurance for urban enterprise employees, endowment insurance for state-
owned enterprise employees or endowment insurance for flexibly-employed
employees may participate into new rural medical insurance in the place of registered
permanent residence. The individual pays for the insurance with subsidy from both
collective and government. At present, the individual payment standard for new rural
medical insurance starts from 100 yuan annually and one step up with 100 yuan more;
total 10 steps are set up as the options for the participants to select independently.
More investment, more gains return. The village collective shall provide subsidy, if
possible. The subsidy from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 30 yuan per capita
70
annually, and Yining government 20 yuan per capita annually. Such subsidies will be
increased for the residents who select the steps more than 100 yuan. For the groups
with difficulties in payment such as disabled and the households enjoying the five
guarantees, the city government pays the minimum standard, 100 yuan, for them.
For urban minimum substance allowance, any urban resident holding a non-
agricultural household register in the administrative area of Yining City, if the
monthly per capita income of his family member(s) with whom he lives together is
lower than the minimum substance allowance in Yining City, such residents shall be
entitled to enjoy urban residents’ minimum substance allowance at 155 yuan /month
/person. The guarantee fund for the residents who having no income source, working
capacity, legal supporter and foster shall be granted in full at the standard of minimum
substance allowance, and the other objects to be guaranteed shall be assisted based on
the difference.
For rural minimum substance allowance, the rural residents whose per capita
income and actual living standard lower than local minimum substance allowance
standard are eligible ones to apply for rural subsistence allowances. The rural
residents categorized as rural objects enjoying five guarantees shall be taken into the
system of supporting rural residents enjoying five guarantees. At present, the rural
subsistence allowances standard is 700 yuan/year in eight counties and one city in Yili
Valley and 1080 yuan/year in Kuitun City.
Rural-urban medical assistance is an assistance system for the rural households
enjoying the five guarantees, rural and urban households enjoying subsistence
allowance, the marginal HHs for subsistence allowances and other groups with special
difficulties, such groups shall be assisted with certain subsidy for their medical
expenses with this system so that their difficulties in medical service might be
mitigated.
With the increasing land-losing farmers, the policies on social security of land-
losing farmers are completed gradually. In 2011, Yining City government
promulgates the Policy on Social Security of Farmers Affected by Land Requisition
(YiShiZhengBan No.[2011]113) and Methods of Implementing Social Security for
Farmers Affected by Land Requisition in Yining City (provisional).
Table 2-20 Participation of the Investigated into Social Security (%)
New rural
cooperative
medical
system
New rural
medical
insurance
Endowment insurance, medical
insurance, industrial injury
insurance, unemployment
insurance, maternity insurance
Endowment
insurance for
urban
population
Medical
insurance for
urban
population
Subsistence
allowances
Samples Missing
Total 52.8个 9.8个 11.2个 9.1个 16.9个 24.8个 或3服个 摩工个
Farmer 80.1个 17.4个 1.2个 6.8个 11.2个 21.1个 161个 18个
71
2.3.3 Grassroots management structure and channels of ordinary people for
complaint and grievance
Administrative village is an autonomous organization of villagers under the
township-level government. The village is managed mainly by the villagers
committee. According to Law of Villagers’ Committee Organization of the People’s
Republic of China, the villager’s election committee consists of directors and
commissioners who are elected by the villagers’ meeting, villager representative
meeting or every villager group meeting. The villagers’ committee consists usually
of 5-7 village cadres, including the Party branch secretary of the village, director and
deputy director as well as several commissioners of villagers’ committee, of which,
at least one female. For the multi-ethnic villages, there shall be member(s) from the
ethnic group(s) of less population. The villagers’ committee handles public affairs
and public welfare undertaking of the village, mediating disputes among the people,
assisting the security of society, reflecting opinion and request of the villager and
making suggestions to the People’s government. The work and financial receipts and
expenditures of the villagers’ committee are monitored by the villagers. As the
bridge between the government of county or township level and the farmers, the
village cadres are with responsibilities for many things. All policies and measures
from the superior department are fulfilled and feedback through the village cadres;
and the villagers go to them for solution and help concerning various problems in
production and living
In urban area, the community residents’ committee serves as the village-level
grassroots autonomous organization, and consists of the Party branch secretary of the
community, community director and several commissioners of the community who
are responsible for community management and service. The district office is an
agency dispatched by the City, and there are several community residents’ committees
under its jurisdiction.
For the convenience of management, lane officer and 10-household officer are
set up under the village and community in Yining City. For instance, Bayandai Town
is divided into 40 subzones, and the township or village cadre is responsible for the
lanes, and the lane officer (10-household officer) responsible for the households. In
Dongliang Village of Kaerdun Township, Ayixianmu Maimaiti (female, 45, Uygur) is
a lane officer in Lane V of Dongliang Street Extension and responsible for 35 HHs;
she is also from a household enjoying subsistence allowance; WANG Zhiqiang (33,
Han) is a native good at Uygur language speaking; he is responsible for 69 HHs and
serves as secretary in charge of the united front in the village.
Nuerguli Abudusilamu (female, 35, Uygur, educational level of junior high
72
school) is a lane officer in Yingmaili Lane IV of Dongliang Street Extension. She told
us that she was responsible for 30 HHs. “We shall be very familiar with the basic
information of those households, such as population, occupation, what their children
are doing, what the parents are doing, economic income source, and if there is any key
person (the addict, or the person who has undergone reeducation through labor etc.) in
those HHs.
The City develops quickly over recent years and the urban area spreads to the
neighboring villages constantly; people see requisition of farmer’s housing or
cultivated land a lot. According to the regulations of Yining City, the township
government is responsible for the qualification declaration and audit of payment,
insurance participation, and receipt of insurance compensation and withdrawal of the
farmers affected by land requisition. The procedures for validating the farmers and
herdsman affected by land requisition are: individual declaration → primary review
at the villagers’ committee → review at the township (farm) affected by land
requisition → being publicized at the villager’s (urban residents’) committee
affected by land requisition for at least 15 days → Agriculture & Forestry Bureau
issues Certificate of Registration for Farmers & Herdsman Affected by Land
Requisition. If the farmer affected by land requisition meets the requirements for
participating into basic endowment insurance and basic medical insurance, the
farmer himself shall apply for that at the villager’s (urban residents’) committee; the
actual time of the farmer affected by land requisition engaging in agricultural
activities shall be discussed and determined by the villager’s (urban residents’)
committee, and then being publicized; if there is no objection during and after the
publication, his application shall be reviewed by the township (town) People’s
Government, and submitted to the labor and social security department of the City
for approval before being handled by social security undertaking agency of the City.
For the employed farmers and herdsman affected by land requisition, the labor and
social security department shall supervise and urge the employer to sign a labor
contract with the employed with establishment of an account correspondingly for
regular checking the conclusion of labor contract, recruitment and use of work force,
protecting the lawful rights and interests of the farmers and herdsman affected by
land requisition from being infringed. 1 It is obvious that the villagers or residents
contact the grassroots managers often, and the problems related to village or
community management and service are mainly settled by the grassroots cadres.
Generally speaking, the mass-cadre conflicts raise mainly between the ordinary
people and the grassroots cadres. The supervision over relevant works is conducted
1 Methods of Implementing Social Security for Farmers Affected by Land Requisition in Yining City (provisional)
(No.[2011]113) and Methods of Implementing Social Security of Farmers Affected by Land Requisition in Yining
City, .
73
basically in the form of inspection from the upper to lower level. If any person
believes his personal interest is hurt or he is suffering from any injustice, various
channels are available to him for settlement.
If the people are dissatisfied with the grassroots cadre, or have any conflict with
the relevant government department, various channels are available for settlement
such as mediation at grassroots level, hotline for complaint, grievance, grievance or
legal proceedings. Grievance refers to the activities that any citizen, corporation or
other organization reflect situation, advance suggestion, opinion or complaint at the
People’s government of different level in the way of letter, email, fax, call or
interview etc., and then the relevant administrative organ(s) handle such issues
according to the law. Grievance system is a Chinese-characteristic system of
political participation and right relief, and all-level governments shall ask the
relevant department to make efforts and handle grievance seriously. Therefore, some
people tend to go to the superior governmental department or appeal to the higher
authorities for help by bypassing the immediate leadership for being paid attention
to when they have no way out or are delayed by some department that performs its
duty negligently.
In China, the local government usually is of powerful capacity of social control
and mobilization, and the planning and envisage of the government could be
implemented effectively while the mass are vulnerable relatively with various
restrictions on their opinion reaching the higher authorities and being adopted. Such a
situation is being improved now. On one hand, the governments of all levels meditate
on and attach importance to increasing social conflicts, recognizing the transformation
from social management to social service upon the request of building “a harmonious
society”; on the other hand, the public has convenient and multiple channels of
expressing their opinions such as grievance system, media and Internet etc. The public
increases their participation and initiativeness in the issues relating to their interest.
Various agencies have also to put the public opinion into consideration while carrying
out the intention of the higher authorities
2.3.4 Ethnic culture and Inter-ethnic Relation
Yining is a multi-ethnic city consisting mainly of Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak
etc. Most of them preserve their ethnic culture and have their own characteristics in
language, religion, habits and values. At the same time, the ethnic groups learn
language from each other and respect lifestyle of the other groups in a harmonious
atmosphere during the long-time communication. Different ethnic groups also share
many common points, e.g. Uygur, Kazak, Hui and Uzbek people believe in Islam;
Han, Hui and Man, also Xibo and Russian etc. communicate in Chinese. Different
74
ethnic groups show some differences in production mode due to the influence of
traditional lifestyle and the resources they possess. Han people have been engaged in
crop production for a long time, plus more travel experiences, they find no language
barrier in accepting the mainstream culture and know the outside world well, which
makes them advantageous relatively in development of greenhouses and diversified
economy; most of Uygur and Hui people are engaged in traditional agricultural
production and good at livestock breeding; they are also engaged in catering with
restaurants operated on roadsides since they are good at commerce and catering.
Uygur farmers see a large percent in Kaerdun Township, Dadamutu Township
and Bayandai Town in the Project Area, even exceeds 90% in some villages while
Han and Hui population are fewer relatively. Thus Uygur language is the major one
for communication, and many Han and Hui people can also speak Uygur language, or
even master Uygur language well. Comparatively speaking, Hui people are better than
Han people in Uygur language. Many Uygur people know Chinese language to
different extent, but very few are good at Chinese language speaking and writing (see
Table 2-21). Of course, not all people master their own written language well due to
limited educational level. Concerning the investigated Han people, 86% can speak
and write Chinese language; and 66.8% of the investigated Uygur can speak and write
Uygur language.
Table 2-21 Languages used most by the investigated by Ethnic Group
Chinese
language
Uygur
language
Kazak
language Other Samples
Uygu
r 2.7 96.0 1.1 0.3 371
Han 88.4 8.7 1.4 1.4 69
Hui 86.7 13.3 45
Other 66.7 33.3 3
Total 22.5 75.8 1.2 0.4 488
Table 2-22 The Proficiency of Uygur and Chinese Languages of the Investigated
Understand
but cannot
speak
Speak but
cannot
write
Can speak
and write
Do not
understand at
all
Samples
Uygu
r 26.6 15.6 18.9 38.9
365 Proficiency of
Chinese
language Hui 25.0 75.0 44
Proficiency of Han 9.8 18.0 4.9 67.2 61
75
Uygur
Language
Hui 6.8 50.0 20.5 22.7
44
Uygur courtyard is Yining-characteristic dwelling house. The Uygur-style
dwelling house consists usually of housing and courtyard, in the form of single-storey
house or 2- or 3-storied building with a courtyard. The housing is square with a front
porch, and the eaves, gallery column and indoor ceiling all are painted or engraved in
artistic design. The housing is of one living room and one guestroom usually, and a
heatable adobe bed of more than one Chi high is built indoor, it is a big bed for people
seating, lying or sleeping; there are wall niches in four walls in the form of window
for placing quilt and clothes etc. The richer HHs have guest room, garage and toilet.
The courtyard is the center of family life and the site for social activities, too. Uygur
residents like to place tee sets and entertain guests in the courtyard or side corridor.
There is an atrium sheltered with mobile sheds of reed or vine where people could be
sheltered in the umbrage of trees. Grapes are planted usually at the side corridor for
shade, and flowers and grass in the courtyard for a quiet and pleasant atmosphere.
Fig. 2-3 Courtyard of a Uygur Resident in Yining City
76
Fig. 2-4 Housing of a Uygur Resident in Yining City
All residents of all ethnic groups could participate in their traditional religious
activities freely within the legal scope. In Yining City, the population believing in
Islam is the largest group and there are many mosques. For instance, there are 19
mosques in the area of jurisdiction of Kaerdun Township and 13 in Hanbin Township.
There are 4 religious places in the area of jurisdiction of Yilihe District Office, i.e. 3
mosques and 1 temple of Buddhism. Uygur and Hui people both believe in Islam, but
they have different mosques to go due to the difference in languages. Furthermore,
Hui people themselves also have different mosques to go due to their different sects
and rituals.
Fig. 2-5 A Mosque in Wulasitai Village
77
MA ×× (male, Hui, 50), a villager in Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township:
there is one Hui mosque and one Uygur mosque in the village. The Hui mosque is on
Hanzhong Road, and 70-80 persons will be there on Jumu'ah Day, and about ten or
more persons there at ordinary times; 300-400 persons will be there on Rozi heyt Day
and Corban Day. The Uygur mosque is at the old timber market on Huaguoshan, 70-
80 persons will be there at ordinary times; about 300 persons on Jumu'ah Day, and
700-800 persons will be there on Rozi heyt Day and Corban Day. I will be there on
Festivals.
An Imam (Hui, 39) in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township: I am in Qadim
Sect. there are 6 mosques in Dongliang Village, of which, 4 Hui mosques and 2
Uygur mosques. All the Hui mosques are of the old sect. 240 HHs are the followers.
70-80 followers go to my mosque at ordinary times; more than 700 on Jumu'ah Day,
and about 2,000 on Corban Day and Rozi heyt Day. Lent Day is on Aug. 1, and more
people will come to my mosque; it is estimated that 200 persons in daytime and 400-
500 at night.
Ma Imam (Hui, 41) in New Village, Bayandai Town: there are 3 mosques and 3
in-service Imams. 7-8 persons come to my mosque at ordinary time, and 25-30 on
Jumu'ah Day. The followers coming here are the aged from Monday to Thursday; the
people near Yining City will be here on Fridays (for praying).
Rousitanmu (Uygur, 62, director of mosque management committee), in
Bayikuoqia Community under Yilihe District Office: the area of the Mosque is 300
m2, and there are Imam, deputy Imam, an accountant and a cashier. 30-40 persons
come to my mosque at ordinary times, and more than 300 on Jumu'ah Day. The water
and electricity cost of the Mosque is paid by the residents with donation from 10 yuan
to 1,000 yuan. Some mosque was reworked at 180 thousand yuan.
Rouzi (male, 65), Yingayati Village in Kaerdun Township: I go to mosque 5
times a day now. I go there every day since the mosque is close to my home. There
are usually 15-20 persons there, mostly the aged. Their homes are 100m from the
mosque at most. About 200-300 persons will be there on Jumu'ah Day, more young
people then. The road is in poor condition now, and if it rains, the road will be very
muddy. Even Imam cannot be here. It is not convenient to go to mosque.
Yali Maimaiti (male, 60, Uygur, retired), a resident in Beiyuan Community
under Ailaimu District Office: there is a small mosque here. I do not go to mosque
usually but only once on Festival days. The followers going to mosque all are the
aged. I go to mosque on foot since it is close to my home.
78
Generally speaking, the aged are more devotional to religion, and also have time
and energy to complete the activities required by the religion. To the Muslim
believing in Islam, religious ritual requires male adults to go to mosque 5 times a day,
and listen to Imam on Fridays (Jumu'ah Day) at mosque. The people can complete the
religious ritual at home or in some proper place since they cannot go to mosque for
reason of job, travel or health etc. The youth, in particular the ones with fixed
schedules, they have limited time or energy to go to mosque frequently, but they go
there usually on two festival days (Corban Day and Rozi heyt Day, namely, 'Id al-
Adha and Roza), and also frequently on Jumu'ah Day. Females are not allowed to go
to mosque, but they shall complete the religious ritual at home or in some proper
place.
According to the questionnaire, among those 509 respondents, 11 respondents
fail to fill in the column of ethnic group. Of those 498 respondents of identified
ethnic groups, there are 426 persons of Uygur, Hui or Kazak, and they accounts for
85.5% of total population. All those ethnic groups believe basically in Islam since
they are basically the ethnic groups believing in Islam fully. Usually the people of
those ethnic groups are named as Muslim (people believing in Islam), but in
practice, some people are not engaged in specific religious activities. For those three
ethnic groups with this investigation, to the question “if you are Muslim, do you go
to mosque and do fast”, 24 persons (5.6%) fail to answer it.
Fig. 2-7 Information of Muslim Going to Mosque
�����Do not do religious service� ����Do religious service
Among the Muslim doing religious service, 35.4% said they did that at mosque,
55.8% at home and 8.8% at any place with convenience. The latter usually does
religious service at business ground or labor site. To the question “did you go to
mosque on Friday last week?”, most Uygur and Hui respondents say that they (male)
or her husband (male) went to mosque and do religious service (see Fig. 2-8).
81%
19%
79
Fig. 2-8 Information of the Respondent or Her Husband (if the respondent is female)
Going to Mosque last Friday
�����go to mosque� ������don’t go to mosque� ��: Unanswered;
�����Uygur����Hui
Among the Muslim people who said they did religious service, 35.4% said they
did religious service mainly in mosque, 55.8% at home and 8.8% in any place at
convenience. The latter mostly do religious service on business ground or labor site.
To the question “did you go to mosque and do religious service last Friday?” most
Uygur and Hui respondent answered that he (male) or her husband went to mosque
and did religious service (see Fig. 2-8).
Fig. 2-8 Information of the Respondent or Her Husband (if the respondent is female)
Going to Mosque last Friday
�����go to mosque ������don’t go to mosque ��: Unanswered;
�����Uygur ���Hui
The Ramadan starts on Aug. 1, 2011, and to the question if the investigated
Muslim people hold a fast from sunrise to sunset, 81% of them answered that they
would hold a fast.
Fig. 2-9 Will You Hold A Fast during This Ramadan
,8%
1,% 1,%
71%
1,% 13%
0%10%20%30%40%50%,0%70%80%
,8%
1,% 1,%
71%
1,% 13%
0%10%20%30%40%50%,0%70%80%
81%
19%
80
����No, I will not. ���Yes, I will.
Such ethnic minorities as Uygur, Kazak and Hui are of various rules of rites,
frequent family parties and social activities as well as closed interpersonal interaction.
Certain rites will be conducted among Muslim people for the youth’s wedding, boys’
circumcision, girls’ skirt-wearing ceremony or ear-ring ceremony, funeral after the
deceased aged and a Nazer (memorial ceremony) held for the 1st 7-day, 2
nd 7-day,
3rd
7-day, the 40th
day and the anniversary when the relatives and friends as well as
neighbors are invited for participation. To the question how many ceremonies such as
wedding, circumcision or Nazer did you go to last week? 80% said that they went to
such ceremonies one or more times, of which, 13.6% said three or more times (see
Fig. 2-10).
Fig. 2-10 Times of Participating Private Parties Last Week
2�: 2 times; 3����: 3 times or more; 0�: 0; 1�: once
2.4 Travel Modes of Community Residents and Opinions They Held
about Current Urban Transport Conditions
2.4.1 Travel Modes of Residents
The residents live in the Project Area consist of urban and rural residents. The
roads they use for travel are mainly the urban road, rural road and lanes in the village
or the community.
Major vehicles used in village and community:
(1) Vehicles for passenger and freight transport such as bus, taxi and freight
vehicle etc. owned by the state, collective or individuals. Regular bus service is
provided between the townships and town, e.g. Buses No.1, 101, 3, 4, 401, 6, 10 and
12 leading to Kaerdun Township government or the villages under the jurisdiction of
Kaerdun Township; those buses are owned by Bus Company or some farmers.
(2) Agricultural machines used for agricultural production are mainly caterpillar
tractor, large tyred tractor and small four-wheel tractor. Small four-wheel tractors are
popular and become one of main transportation means to be used by farmers to go to
020%
141%
222%
317%
81
market, or enter into the city for marketing farm produce. In 2009, there are 8 tractors
of 55 HP or more and 60 small tractors in New Village of Bayandai Town.
(3) Motorcycle is popular with rural and urban residents.
(4) Animal-drawn vehicle and man-driven vehicle. Animal-drawn vehicle is the
ones drawn by donkey, horse or cattle and walk only on rural roads rather than urban
roads where animal-drawn vehicle is prohibited. The amount of animal-drawn
vehicles is decreasing, in particular, the farmers having small four-wheel tractors do
not use animal-drawn vehicle usually. Man-driven vehicle refers mainly to the bicycle
which is of a large quantity.
According to the questionnaire, most HHs have bicycle or motorcycle no matter
of occupation type. More bicycles are used by low-income people due to its low cost.
The possession rate of family car is low, and such vehicles are owned mainly by
government employee, small business of industry and commerce, and owner of
private enterprise. Nearly 10% of farmers have a family car or freight car, and 52%
motorcycle, which reflect not only the improved production and living conditions of
the farmers, but poor public traffic conditions in villages where the travel distance is
long and people need vehicles to travel.
Table 2-23 Vehicles Owned by the Investigated HHs
Family
car
Freight
car
Motorc
ycle
Bicycle Taxi Sample
s
Missin
g
Total 10.8 3.8 46.1 53.9 0.8 369 140
Worker 66.7 42.9 21 11
Farmer 6.6 3.3 52.1 56.2 0.8 121 58
Government
employee 17.8 4.4 62.2 26.7 4.4 45 6
Self-employed
individuals& owner
of private enterprise
23.4 10.9 32.8 50.0 64 17
Part-time worker 6.1 3.0 42.4 48.5 33 11
the unemployed 2.7 29.7 81.1 37 21
Various vehicles are used by residents for travel, of which, bus is the major one
among the people in all fields; walking and bicycle or motorcycle come next; family
car or taxi is the least. Walking or bicycle is the means to be adopted basically for
short-distance travel.
Table 2-24 The Travel Mode You Take Usually is:
82
By
bus
By taxi Self-
driving
Employe
e bus
Bicycle or
motorcycl
e
On
foot
Other Sample
s
Missin
g
Total 62.6个 2.0个 5.5个 1.2个 21.3个 22.1个 0.8个 或服或个 开托个
Worker 75.0个 个 个 3.1个 21.9个 15.6个 0.0个 32个 个
Farmer 59.2个 0.6个 4.0个 0.6个 24.1个 31.6个 2.3个 开摩或个 托个
Government
employee 46.0个 8.0个 8.0个 6.0个 40.0个 4.0个 个 托工个 开个
Self-
employed
individuals
& owner of
private
enterprise
63.3个 3.8个 12.7个 1.3个 13.9个 7.6个 个 摩服个 2个
Part-time
worker 67.4个 2.3个 2.3个 个 25.6个 18.6个 个 或3个 开个
The
unemployed 67.3个 个 个 个 12.7个 36.4个 个 托托个 3个
The farmers do not travel frequently and their travel distance is short usually,
mostly for the purpose of production rather than pleasure. Male has more travels for
production purpose while female travels mostly for visiting relatives and friends due
to the division of male and female labor. The villagers living in townships go to the
town-level bazaar for household goods. It is also convenient to go to the urban area in
Yining City by bus. Uygur people, including the farmers living in town or townships,
go shopping mostly in Hanren Street of Old Urban Area.
The students travel frequently. Educational department adjusted the distribution
pattern of middle school and elementary school over recent years in order to
concentrate utilization of educational resources, improve schools’ benefit and
teaching quality. Elementary school is usually available in administrative village, and
junior high school in town or township; all senior high schools are in the urban area of
county or city. The students go to school by adopting different transport mode based
on the distance between their residential quarter and the school. Walking or bicycle
for short-distance travel (the students of higher grade in elementary school), or bus if
available. Many parents accompany their elementary-school kids to school and home
on foot, by bicycle or car.
According to the questionnaire, people travel mainly for working, shopping
comes next, and then medical service or accompanying kids to school. It is obvious
that people travel mainly for working and living rather than creational activities. Also,
more than 1/10 of the investigated travel little.
83
Table 2-25 Major Purposes of Frequent Travel (%)
Sequen
cing
Go to
work
Go
shoppi
ng
Accomp
anying
kids to
school
Medica
l
service
Go to
mosqu
e
Having
dinner
out
Visitin
g
friends
Recrea
tional
activity
Travel
little
Sample
s
1st 44.4个 23.4个 4.2个 8.3个 3.2个 0.7个 1.6个 2.1个 12.0个 或32个
2nd 4.9 49.6 15.6 14.3 4.0 3.1 4.9 3.6 22或个
3rd 1.8 11.0 20.2 24.8 7.3 7.3 16.5 11.0 开工服个
Fig. 2-6 Travel Pattern of Villagers in Jiergelang Village of Kaerdun Township
(PRA)
84
Wulasitai (female, 24, Uygur), a villager in Dadamutu Township: we hardly go to
the urban area. Most stuff could be bought at township bazaar. The community is
about 1km from my house and we go there on foot mostly. We can go to the urban
area by Bus No.13 or No. 22. It takes only 20 minutes, so it is convenient. Besides my
relatives in this village, my uncle-in-law and aunt-in-law live in Shengli Road and
Hanren Street respectively in Yining City. My parents-in-law participate into wedding
or circumcision by bus two or three times monthly. There are two mosques nearby,
one Hui-style and one Han-style. My husband goes to mosque on Fridays, also on
Rozi heyt Day and Corban Day.
HU Wanmin (male, 53, Hui), a villager at Team II in Dongliang Village,
Kaerdun Township: we have two bicycles that were used by my kids when they were
students. I go to the villagers’ committee by bicycle. We go shopping in Hanren Street
usually by Bus No.10. There is one bus station in front of my house, and it will take
us 4-5 minutes to be there by bus. We go to bazaar every two days. The mosque is
close to my house and I go there once a day. In addition, I emcee a donation once a
week, mainly for the sick and disabled, the old, weak and the poor followers who
have no money to go to school. I don’t have many relatives. Most of them live in the
urban area or other counties. We don’t communicate each other frequently, only about
one or two visits every half a year. I am certain to visit them on Rozi heyt Day and
Corban Day.
Maimaitijiang (60, Uygur) in Dongliang Village: Bus No.8 is available here and
the distance from Hanren Street is 3km. However, there is a vegetable market in the
street, it is convenient. There are 5 mosques in the village. It is convenient to do
religious service.
A teacher of some elementary school (female, Uygur, 50) at Middle School
No.14 in Yining City (at one side of Xinhuanan Road): I go shopping by bus. There is
no free market of agricultural products nearby, and I go to other place for shopping 3-
4 times a week. My son is a student at Middle School No.8 as a nonresident student.
His school is at Aihemaitijiang Road. He comes and goes 4 times every day. I am the
only worker in my family, and my economic status is not very good, thus my son does
not have launch at school, or in residence. My relatives and friends also live in the
urban area basically. I have to go to work and take care of my son who suffers from
cerebral palsy, so I don’t have time to visit them, at most 2 times a month. I visit my
relatives by bus. They also have to work, so they visit me usually once a month.
The shopkeeper (female, 44, Han) of Chenguang Shop in Beiyuan Community:
we replenish stock one or two time a week by calling the businessmen and then they
will send the goods by driving their minibus. For personal travel, Bus No.2 is
available here, and the time interval between them is about 10 minutes.
Aibibai Hamuti (female, 42, Uygur) in Bayikuoqia Community: I run a shop and
I replenish stock at least once a week from the wholesale market by 3-wheel
motorcycle. My kids go to school. The one going to Middle School No.16 on foot and
the other one going to Middle School No.19 by bicycle. They go and back 4 times
every day. My husband does not go to mosque every day because he suffers from
lumbar disease. He goes there on foot on Friday and Holiday. Mosque is only several
hundred meters away from my house. We visit our relatives on foot first and then by
bus No.5 at the main street. It is convenient in my opinion.
85
Some Muslim people go to mosque every day. Since the mosque is not far from
their houses, they do religious service usually in mosque. More than 80% of them go
there on foot, nearly 10% by bicycle, 6% by motorcycle, but few by car or by bus.
Fig. 2-10 Traffic Mode Adopted by Muslim People to Go to Mosque
�����by bicycle �(�) ����by motorcycle �����by bus �(�) ����by
driving a family car ���on foot
Muslim people have many social parties to go, and they go there mainly on foot.
The percent is 47.8%, and 32.7% by bus, then 21.9% by bicycle or motorcycle, which
indicates that such rites of Muslim people have a high utilization rate of roads.
个
族工劳
2劳 商 回
2劳
商 回
6劳
开工劳
86
个
Fig. 2-11 Main Traffic Mode Taken by Muslim People Going to Parties Last Week
��: on foot ��������: by bicycle or motorcycle ����: by bus
�������: driving a car ����: by taxi ��: other
2.4.2 Opinions on road conditions and public traffic in Yining City
Yining people have a positive assessment on traffic situation in Yining City as a
whole. According to the questionnaire, 60% of the investigated believe that the
overall transport condition, public traffic and urban roads are good, 12%-14% not
good or even poor, and slightly more than 1/4 just so-so. There is slight difference in
the opinion between rural and urban residents, and rural resident have a more positive
assessment than urban ones, which reflects that there is no obvious difference in the
impression of Yining urban transport situation between rural and urban residents
while rural ones are more likely to be satisfied.
Table 2-26 Residents’ Assessment of Traffic Conditions in Yining City
Excellent Good So-so Not good Poor Samples
Overall conditions 17.8 42.3 25.9 12.8 1.3 478
Public traffic 17.0 44.4 26.6 9.8 2.2 489
Urban road 17.2 43.7 25.5 12.6 1.0 494
Rural
residents 21.1 41.7 24.3 11.3 1.6 247
Overall
conditio
ns Urban
residents 14.3 42.9 27.7 14.3 0.9 231
Public
traffic
Rural
residents 18.5 41.7 28.7 8.7 2.4 254
177
81
121
2,11 8
0
2040,0
801001201401,0180
87
Urban
residents 15.3 47.2 24.3 11.1 2.1 235
Rural
residents 19.8 42.0 23.7 12.8 1.6 257
Urban
road
Urban
residents 14.3 45.6 27.4 12.2 0.4 237
Concerning the traffic conditions in the community where the residents live, the
residents in the Project Area have negative assessment, in particular the villagers in
those 5 villages of Kaerdun Township, and the villagers in Bayikule Village give the
most negative assessment since 84.6% of the investigated are dissatisfied or very
dissatisfied, and 68.8% in the area under jurisdiction of Ailangbage District Office,
which reflects the desire of those residents for improvement of current transport
conditions. According to the interview, the roads with which the residents are most
dissatisfied are the proposed ones to be rebuilt or extended by the Project, which
indicates the necessity and imperative of the Project; the Project is popular with the
people in the Project Area.
Table 2-27 Residents’ Assessment of Existing Road Conditions around the House
Excellent Good So-so Not good Poor Sample
s
Total 8.7 29.2 19.5 26.2 16.5 497
Huaguoshan
Village 12.0 20.0 24.0 8.0 36.0 25
Jiergelang
Village 4.3 17.4 13.0 21.7 43.5 23
Dongliang
Village 6.4 42.6 19.1 10.6 21.3 47
Yingayati
Village 16.7 20.8 20.8 25.0 16.7 24
Bayikule village 3.8 11.5 50.0 34.6 26
Team II,
Bayandai Town 22.6 22.6 12.9 29.0 12.9 31
Bayandai
TownNew
Village
1.9 48.1 13.5 19.2 17.3 52
Wulasitai Village 6.3 31.3 18.8 18.8 25.0 32
Nageerqi 10.0 24.0 24.0 40.0 2.0 50
88
Community
Bayikuoqia
Community
6.9 55.2 20.7 17.2 29
Humudan
Community
32.4 40.5 13.5 13.5 37
Sayikuyouluxi
Community
.0 38.2 50.0 11.8 34
Ailanmubage
District Office
2.1 16.7 12.5 37.5 31.3 48
The respondents have different opinions on existing traffic problems in Yining
City, but the percent of no any opinion exceeds 50%. No.1 is traffic jam, poor road
condition comes next, and then inconvenient bus service. They are also dissatisfied
with traffic safety, traffic police’s management methods and arrangement of traffic
signs.
Table 2-28 Sequencing of Existing Traffic Problems in Yining (%)
Pro
blem
Traffic
jam
Po
or
road
con
ditio
n
Unreaso
nab
le
arrangem
ent
of traffic
Inco
nv
en
ient b
us
service
Traffic
police’s
po
or
man
agem
en
Traffic
safety
Oth
er
Sam
ples
1st 38.3个 22.4个 3.6个 13.7个 8.2个 9.4个 4.3个 415
2nd 14.6 34.3 13.0 18.9 6.7 11.0 1.6 254
3rd 5.4 9.5 14.9 32.4 13.5 18.9 5.4 74
At the workshop attended by Jiergelang Village lane officers in Kaerdun
Township (7 participants including 2 women), the participants make a sequence of the
problems existing with respect to villager travel (see Table 2-29). According to this
sequence, No.1 is the difficult travel to the villagers’ children going to school, muddy
road comes next, and then narrow roads, also potential waist wrench during the travel
by bus, too many traffic accidents, heavy dust, taxi drivers’ refusal to be there, all
such problems reflect the difficulties in travel due to poor road conditions (dirt road,
narrow etc.), uncomfortable and unsafe bus service, and unavailable taxi service. In
Jiergelang Village, Xinhuadong Road and Nanhuan Road Extension will be covered
by the Project. Current conditions of theirs endanger the safety in villagers’ travel. In
Ailanbage No.11 Residential Quarter, the sequence made by the residents is narrow
road, unsafe travel to the children going to school, and no pedestrian way; all those
problems relate basically to narrow pavement. The other problems such as
89
management, occupancy of roads and poor sanitation conditions relate to management
(see Table 2-30).
Table 2-29 Sequence of Difficulties in Travel of Villagers in Jiergelang Village,
Kaerdun Township (PRA chart )
Sequence
Difficulties
in
schooling
travel
Unavailable
taxi service
Too
many
traffic
accidents
Muddy
road
Heavy
dust
Potential
waist
wrench
during
the
travel by
bus
Narrow
pavement
Candy* ○○○○
○○○○ ○ ○○○
○○○
○○○ ○○ ○○○○
○○○
○○
Amount of
candies 8 1 3 6 2 4 5
Sequencing 1 7 5 2 6 4 3
* PRA method is adopted, and the workshop participants advance travel difficulties
and then make a sequence of them; the difficulty of most priority shall be with most
candies.
Table 2-30 Sequence of Road Problems in Ailanbage No.11 Residential Quarter
(PRA chart )
Sequence
Unsafe
schooling
travel
Narrow
pavement
No
pedestrian
way
Poor
landscaping
Poor
sanitation
Poor
community
management
Occupancy
of road by
venders
Candy* ○○○○
○○ ○○○○○○○
○○○
○○ ○ ○○○○ ○○○ ○○
Amount of
candies 6 7 5 1 4 3 2
Sequencing 2 1 3 7 4 5 6
According to the interview, the existing traffic problems are summarized as
follows based on the residents’ travel experiences:
� Traffic jam
Traffic jam exists in some sections in Yining urban area, mainly at peak hours.
With increasing vehicles this year, such problems are exacerbated.
ZHAO Jianguo (39, a driver) at Hengqiang Cements Company in Dongliang
Village, Kaerdun Township: I work as a driver of pump car. The traffic is heavy with
sharply-increasing vehicles this year. In the first half of last year, the traffic was ok,
but tens of thousands of cars increased in the second half of last year. Some roads are
one-way lane in the urban area, and the traffic jam takes place there. The peak hour is
from 10 minute to working hour to half an hour after off-time, and heavy-duty vehicle
90
like my car cannot run. A route permit is required for driving in Yining City, and I’ll
be fined if I drive on the road rather than the specified ones.
Master WANG (50, a driver) at Hengqiang Cements Company: the roads are just
so-so in Yining City. Some roads are narrow, but too many vehicles there. No good
traffic on Xinhuadong Road, but it is ok on Jiangsu Avenue in front of City
Government where the pavement is broad although there are also many vehicles. We
hope to have the roads built so that transport industry will be favored in Yining City.
Too many pedestrians pass across the roads, which is unsafe. No enough buses at
peak hours, and the time interval is more than 10 minutes, which cause the passengers
crowded in the bus. It is better to dispatch more buses at peak hours, and the interval
shall be 5 minutes.
The reasons for traffic jam are, besides increasing vehicles, narrow pavement at
some sections such as Guangming Road and Xinhuadong Road; poor road conditions
due to damaged pavement like the roads around Wulasitai Village (several roads of
Daobei, and Xihuan Road Extension etc.); also poor travel habits some pedestrians
develop.
Mr. CHEN, the chief of Dispatching Room of Bus No.5: there are always traffic
accidents on Guangming Road since the pavement there is too narrow, say, the
electric motor car collision on July 10. There are too many family cars there. 10
minutes have to be taken for 2-3km distance; the speed is basically at 20 kmph. We
establish several stations there and many residents get in or get out as they wish
without a good travel habit. Also, sever traffic jam in front of the mosques.
Alimu (35, Uygur) in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the roads here are
poor. There is a sand and stone plant, and the trucks damaged the pavement because
the sand has to be moved out. Taxi drivers are reluctant to be here. Too many traffic
accident, high speed, traffic jam, and we can’t get in Bus No.13 easily before Beijing
Time 13: 00, and the time interval for Bus No.22 is too long. The road conditions are
poor in the village.
It is difficult to travel for the residents in some places where roads are poor, bus
service unavailable and taxi drivers are reluctant to be there.
Abudurexiti in Jiergela Village: I do fruit wholesale business. Taxi drivers are
reluctant to be here because the roads are poor.
91
Fig. 2-7 Narrow Pavement of Laoer Road in Dongliang Village
� Road safety
According to the interview, the residents are dissatisfied with road safety, and
they believe there are many traffic accidents on some sections and the safety of
pedestrians can’t be guaranteed. In particular, the kids walk along the roadside on
their way home or school. They are concerned about their kids’ safety.
The villagers in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township: the roads in the village
fail to be maintained for many years. One person died from traffic accident since the
roads are poor and buses run fast, in addition, two persons were injuried, one of them
cannot get up, and the other cannot walk without a crutch. It is also very inconvenient
for the children to go to school.
A villager in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township (running a barber shop at one
side of Shengli Road Extension): the cars run too fast here, and nearly 10 persons die
from traffic accidents every year.
Haliqiemu (female, 62, Uygur) in Nageerqi Community under Yilihe District
Office: the road (Guangming Road Extension) is too narrow, but too many cars, it is
very unsafe. We are very glad to hear the road will be rebuilt. The travel is ok here in
summer, but difficult in winter. We can find a path only when some car passes
through because snow is everywhere. I am concerned about my kids. The pavement is
too narrow, and we have to accompany them to go to school. Many people die from
traffic accidents because the road is too narrow here. There are also heavy-duty
freight cars; most of them run through here because they are not allowed to the broad
roads.
92
The reasons for poor safety on roads are mainly: narrow pavement, high speed,
mixing of various vehicles (incl. mixing of pedestrian and car), insufficient or
damaged traffic facilities, lack of street lamp etc. Say, Guangming Road and Shengli
Road Extension. If there is some school on the narrow-pavement sections, more
serious safety problems will be there. In particular in winter when it is cold and road
is icy. Some parents worry about the safety of their kids and accompany their kids to
go to school or back home, which exacerbates the traffic jam on some specific
sections like Shiyihaoxiaoqu (No.11 Residential Quarter) Road.
Mr. Ka at the end of Guangming Road in Nageerqi Community under Yilihe
District Office: the road is too narrow here, and traffic accident takes place easily in
winter. One accident happens every 2-3 days. Current width of the road is 6m, but in
my opinion, the broader, the better. We all are happy about that. To have road built, to
have school built, and to have hospital built. Islam says those shall be built even no
money is made. Road building has almost no negative impact on school and mosque.
It is better to have roads built soon.
Mr. Ma (male, 65) in No.11 Residential Quarter: there are two schools here and
the sections in front of the schools are ok, but the other sections are full of bumps and
hollows. There are many cars here but roads are narrow. The students at those two
elementary schools are threatened with potential traffic accidents. There are many
students on the road when classes are over, especially at noon. Motorcycle, electric
car and car are here, which are dangerous. Traffic police and traffic police assistants
will be here after school, but they take care of the section in front of the school only.
The students are not so concentrated before the time for school, so the situation is not
so sever.
Juhaguli (female, 38, Uygur), a teacher at Yifu Elementary School (at one side of
Shiyixiaoqu Road): there are 2,000 students at this school. Some parents meet their
kids after school (because they are concerned about their safety). The traffic is
crowded then and even bus cannot pass through. There are many traffic accidents and
even the teachers feel inconvenient on the way home. Many heavy-duty truck or
semitrailers on roads are of negative impact on the safety of the students. Most traffic
accidents take place in winter. Two or three accidents took place this year, for
example. Therefore, most parents meet their kids here, which make traffic jam in front
of the school because of too many family cars then.
Akemujiang (Uygur), the head of Bayikuleke Village in Kaerdun Township: this
road is full of dangers. 7 persons have died out of traffic accidents since last month.
Some traffic accident took place on Shengli Street Extension. The residents are very
dissatisfied with it because the traffic accident took place at night and there was no
street lamp. Too narrow pavement makes one vehicle giving another the right of way
93
very difficult. Traffic accidents happen every year. We hope to have deceleration strip
built since the cars run very fast. There are kindergarten and school nearby, speeding
up is very dangerous.
Maimaitijiang (60, Uygur) in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township: concerning
the transport conditions, existing problems are mainly that the pavement is narrow to
some extent; the freight car and passenger car mix on the same road; the over-
weighted freight cars run at high speed, which makes travel at night very
inconvenient.
Fig. 2-8 Damaged Pavement of Xinhuadong Road
Some persons believe that the safety problems are caused mainly by poor
management. It is poor management that causes speeding up, over-weighted vehicles
and damaged pavement etc.
Fig. 2-9 A School on One Side of Shengli Road Extension
94
Doorman at Huichang Middle School in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township
(on Shengli Road Extension): there are more than 1,000 persons at the school. Bus
No.8 is available here and only 8 minutes to be in the city center. The road is ok but
no person manages it. For instance, the cars do not slow down in front of the school.
Lately, one employee at Vocational Technology College died out of traffic accident.
There is one sign symbolizing school there, but the drivers neglect it. The over-
weighted truck carrying sands, about 50 tons heavy, never slow down when passing
through. There always are some persons die out of traffic accident every year. The
deceleration strips are damaged by the heavy-duty trucks. Besides the high speed,
noise is also a problem. I don’t think it is a problem of roads; it has something to do
with the management.
The safety of pedestrians relate also to their safety awareness. The pedestrians
pass through roads as they wish, which is an important reason for unsafely traffic. In
addition to the safety education on observing traffic rules, more attention shall be paid
to the reasonable arrangement of cross-passing facilities with legible traffic guiding
signs.
Fig. 2-10 Xincun Road in Bayandai Town
95
� Poor conditions of some sections (mainly rural roads) and poor travel
environment
The pedestrians and the HHs along the roadside are affect seriously by the heavy
dust caused by vehicles since the roads are in poor conditions and full of bumps and
hollows, or the dirt road or gravel-sand road (even the asphalt road, quality is also
poor quality). Poor drainage makes the road muddy on rainy or snowy days or in thaw
season, which also makes travel unsafe and inconvenient.
Bubinisha, a lane officer in Kaerdun Yingayati Village, Yining City: we hope to
have the roads built with excellent landscaping and sanitation. We have to wear rain
boot before go shopping on rainy days. We have to change shoes at the end of lane
otherwise our shoes will be bedaubed with mud. There is no sewer here, and sewage
flows everywhere. If the roads are built, it is also convenient to open a shop.
96
Fig. 2-11 Laosan Road in Bayikule Village
� Public Traffic Service
According to the interview, people are also dissatisfied with public traffic, mainly
on design of routes, service attitude of bus staff (focusing upon their attitude to the
aged), and safety of bus operation etc.
With economic growth, there are more and more various business and trade
activities and therefore, urban and rural areas are linked more closely. The demand for
extending coverage of public traffic to suburb becomes fierce, and the villagers also
have high requirements on bus route extension and bust stop allocation. There is no
bus service available in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township, and the villagers in
Dongliang Village said that they have to walk 3km before reaching a bus station. The
villagers in Huaguoshan Village believe that there shall be more buses available. The
villager in Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town said that no bus service available in the
village. The villagers in New Village hope that their kids may go to school by bus.
Hadanmu (female, 56, Uygur) in Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township: it is not
convenient for us to travel. Since there is no bus available, we have to walk a long
way to get bus service. I was informed that the road would be broadened by 6m at
each side. It is great! The bus service is good in the urban area. I have to wait for a
bus for 10 minutes sometime, and 5 minutes sometime. The roads in the city are ok.
MA Zhiqiang (male, 41, Hui), an Imam in New Village, Bayandai Town: I have
two kids, the son is 14 and the daughter 12. Their school is 5 km away from our
home. My son goes to school by bicycle and my daughter by 3-wheeled motorcycle.
97
There are 6-7 traffic accidents every half a year, one accident per month on average. It
is not safe. I hope to have bus service available as soon as possible. It is a long
distance, plus narrow pavement, so it is very unsafe in winter.
A villager in Huaguoshan Village, Haerdun Township: Huaguoshan Road is ok,
but Xinhuadong Road is too old, and its pavement is narrow; bus service is also poor
with few buses.
Nuernisha (female, Uygur) in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township: the roads
here are in poor conditions; all of them are dirt roads. Water supply utility is provided
but the excavated surface fails to be filled up well. The road is disgusting on rainy
days and the children even have no way to go to school. It is because of the poor road
that ambulance cannot be here if some one needs emergency treatment. No bus
service available here. There are bituminous paved roads available even in some
villages, but in our village, the village that is most closed to the City, there is no
bituminous paved road. We have no choice but horse-drawn carriage to take for
travel. But the horse-drawn carriage is not allowed to run on the roads, so we have to
walk 3km before reaching a bus station.
Some villagers in Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township wrote and signed
jointly a letter to the government for expressing their desire to have the roads built.
Half of Guangming Road Extension is not covered by bus service and the
residents nearby find no convenience to travel.
The meeting with lane officer and households enjoying subsistence allowance in
Bayikuoqia Community under Yilihe District Office: there is no bus service available
here (Guangming Road Extension). We have to walk 15 minutes to see a doctor. No
vehicle is available even in case of emergency treatment. It is too crowded in Bus
No.5.
Since the aged enjoy free-riding treatment, some bus staff is not friendly to the
aged who will not increase their income, or even refuse to take them.
Mr. WANG (76) in Baiyuan Community: the bus service needs to be improved,
especially to the aged. Some bus drivers do not stop at bus stations, and drive before
the passenger stand well. I stumbled once and had words with the driver. I cannot
understand why he did so. Every family has some aged person, I think.
Abudurexiti (Uygur) in Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township: the bus service
attitude needs to be improved. The bus driver is friendly when we get in, but push us
when we get out of the bus. The aged passengers are refused because they use the
free-riding card. Some bus drivers know nothing but money. Therefore, the aged
waves with one yuan in hand and asks the driver to stop his bus. The driver doesn’t
stop his bus unless he sees the money held in one hand of the aged. Some senior
98
persons are upset with him and when they get in, they use their free-riding card
instead of paying the money.
A villager in Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town: the drivers of Bus No. ×× refuse
the aged to get in. They explain that they contract the bus, so they have the last word.
In a word, their attitude is poor.
Some sections are of narrow pavement, and buses run at high speed, which leads
to traffic accidents easily.
Ms. Su at Yining Bangyou Electromechanical Maintenance Service Dept. in
Bayandai Village, Bayandai Town: we are engaged mainly in repairing, assembling,
processing, housing leasing and equipment leasing. We hate such a traffic situation.
Bus No.11, heavy-duty vehicles and cars all run here since the section in front of
Bayandai Town government was out of service two years ago. Bus No.11 runs at high
speed and several persons die out of traffic accident at the intersection every year. The
intersection is narrow and traffic is terrible.
In terms of Bus Company, the staff of some bus routes works for a long time
without enough rest, in addition to poor working environment and low income level.
The pavement of Guangming Road is narrow, which makes the bus drivers headache.
It is necessary to provide the bus drivers with some place for having a rest, especially
a place with central heating in winter, also with toilets.
Mr. CHEN, the head of dispatching room of Bus No.5: there are 25 buses for
Bus No.5 route; the number of staff is 60, they work from 8: 00 am to 9:00 pm. One
driver is assigned for one bus, working the whole day. The buses are mostly
contracted by individuals and many problems exist. Some sections are so narrow that
one vehicle cannot give another the right of way. There is no toilet on the way, so the
drivers are very dissatisfied with it. The drivers are paid 100 yuan one day, 3 days off
one month. Some drivers even do not have one day off because they want to make
more money. It is difficult for us to recruit drivers. 70% of the drivers are of ethnic
minority. Nowadays, every driver is guaranteed to have one day off per month. Our
route is opened to traffic in this April.
There are Bus No.6, 10, 201, 401 and 17. The latter three bus routes have no
dispatching room. This dispatching room is only a temporary one of steel sheet where
it is cold in winter and hot in summer. No dinning room or toilet is provided. We have
to pay 50 cents to go to toilet at terminals; even this price is a concessional rate after
we negotiate with the party concerned, otherwise the rate shall be 1 yuan. There is no
toilet at terminals. All personnel go to simple toilets, which inconveniences us very
much. The drivers even have no place for heating in winter.
To rebuilt and extend the questioned roads is an essential way to settle the said
problems including traffic jam, low safety, poor bus service since all those problems
99
relate often to narrow pavement. But according to the investigated, another problem
will appear after the reconstruction of roads since the greatly-improved roads make
high speed possible. Some vehicles run at high speed, which threatens travel safety.
The key point is that traffic control falls behind of road construction. All traffic
control facilities shall be completed while the roads are built, in addition to
strengthened road supervision.
FAN Xinfu (male, 58), a villager in Wulasitai Village: the road in front of my
house, its name seems to be Xihuanbei Road, which is completed within 3 years. It is
said that it shall be 14m wide but the result shows it is only about 10m wide. The
advantage it brings is clean and flat pavement, but the disadvantage is high speed, the
drivers drive their cars at high speed crazily. Except for schools, there is no slowing-
down sign on the road, nor traffic lights in other places. In my opinion, the traffic
conditions in Yining City are ok with traffic lights and speed restriction boards. The
pavement in suburb is also ok, except for less traffic facilities and too high speed.
YE Xueyi (47, Hui), Imam in Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the
pavement has been improved over recent years. I hope to broaden the roads. The
buses in urban area and in suburb as well run too fast, that is crazy.
2.4.3 Suggestions on Improvement of Urban Transport Situation in Yining City
Concerning what problems to be settled first and how to improve the transport
situation in Yining City, the sequence given by the investigated in the questionnaire
is: road building first, improvement of public traffic comes next, and then
strengthening of traffic police management skill (see Table 2-31). It is obvious that
the opinions held by the residents in questionnaire are consistent with the questions
advanced by the residents during interview, and with the objective of the Project
basically as well.
Table 2-31 Sequencing of Measure Importance for Improving Yining Urban
Transport in Questionnaire (%)
Measure
s for
improve
ment
Road
buildin
g
Strengtheni
ng of traffic
police
managemen
t skill
Improveme
nt of traffic
sign
arrangement
Improveme
nt of public
traffic
Increasing
amount of
taxies
Other Samp
les
1st 67.8个 7.4个 6.9个 13.0个 2.5个 2.5个 407个
2nd 10.7个 24.8个 18.5个 34.8个 7.8个 3.3个 270个
3rd 5.9个 22.4个 18.8个 24.7个 17.6个 10.6个 85个
100
Concerning how to improve bus service, according to the questionnaire, No.1 is
to increase the amount of buses, and then to improve bus service attitude, thirdly, to
adjust bus routes. As far as the implementation of the Project, besides the
improvement of hardware facilities, importance shall also be attached to the soft
content like service attitude.
Table 2-32 Sequencing of Issues to be Addressed for Improving Bus Service
Measure
s for
improve
ment
Increasin
g amount
of buses
Adjusting
bus routes
Improvinf
interior
environm
ent of
buses
Improvin
bus
service
attitude
Improvin
g bus
station
facilities
Other Samples
1st 41.7个 18.6个 8.7个 24.8个 3.0个 3.2个 403个
2nd 11.7个 24.5个 24.9个 26.4个 10.3个 2.2个 273个
3rd 6.4个 6.4个 15.4个 38.5个 25.6个 7.7个 78个
101
2.5 Understanding and suggestion of people who are influenced on
the project
2.5.1 Understanding degree and ways of people who are influenced on the project
In the questionnaire investigation, near half number of the investigated people
who were influenced indicated they knew the project. Before the social impact
assessment group going to the project point for making investigation, the design unit
and the environmental impact assessment group already made measuring and
surveying, most of cadres of the relevant villages and communities knew the project,
and partial cadres ever provided assistance for the primary stage preparation of the
project. Partial residents had noticed that some designers came to make measuring,
and knew of the thing of extensions or improvements to the existing roads. While
there were still some people who said that they did not know the thing of extensions
or improvements of the roads, when the social impact assessment group made
surveying, the social impact assessment group saw that several households were
expanding or repairing their private houses, these households might face relocation
for building of the project.
102
Figure 2-12 Do you know the project?
Don't know Do not answer Know
Nuermaimaiti Yasen (40 years, Uygur), Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdu Township,
lived at the lumber market, engaged in foreign trade business. In 2000, he bought a
yard beside the Xingfu Road with 75 thousand yuan, the whole yard covered an area
of 2 mou, in 2010, he began building houses at the area beside one side of the road, at
present, the houses were still under construction. The housing area was 600 square
meters in total, up to now the spent money were already 600 thousand yuan. When
investigators made household investigation in the household, after the householder
knew the thing of building roads, he said "apla", was very depressed and regret, and
said he did not ever heard of the thing of building roads before. While he still thought
that building road was good to everybody, and came out for supporting the decide of
the state.
Even for the part of influenced people who knew the project, the ways they knew
the project through circulation of information between neighbourhood and kith and
kin occupied 46.2%, being slight less than the formal communication channels of
publicity of staffs of government or media publicity etc.. It was obvious that the
channels through which the influenced people obtained the information about the
project were few as the project was still in its primary demonstration stage.
Figure 2-13 Ways through which the influenced people knew the project
4,%
45%
9%
103
Media publicity publicity by staffs of government people say others
2.5.2 Understanding and attitude of the influenced people to the impact of the
project
In the questionnaire investigation, for the impact of the project to the personal
life, near one half of the people (48%) who were investigated said "very good", 19%
said "relatively good", that was to say yea-sayers occupied 67%; the part who said
"very bad" or "not so good" occupied 8%, partial the latter part people would be
influenced by relocation or expropriation of land for project implementation.
Figure 2-14 understanding of investigated people to the impact of the project to
personal lives
Relatively good common not so good very bad hard to explain very good
55
78
122
9
0
20
40
,0
80
100
120
140
10%
2%
15%
19%
48%,%
104
Although 8% of the investigated people said the project had bad or very bad
impact to their lives, but the part who said "don’t' do has no good to us" only occupied
2%, 49% of people said "warmly welcome, and hope the work can be done as soon as
possible", 43% of people said "it shall get opinions from common people as many as
possible, and make implementation only after better preparation". It showed that the
people who supported the project implementation occupied the overwhelming
majority who were influenced.
Figure 2-15 Attitude of investigated people to the project
It shall get opinions from common people as many as possible, and make
implementation only after better preparation
The project has nothing to do with us
Don't do has no good to us
Hard to explain
Warmly welcome, and hope the work can be done as soon as possible
In the discussion and interview, the investigated people could say more concrete
to the probable good influence of the project to the local economic and social
development, resident production and better living and as well as their hope to the
4%2%
43%49%
2%
105
project. For the concerned roads which should be expanded and improved in the
project, quite a few existed relatively much problem, and already were listed in the
planning for a long time, the township and village cadres were filled with hope and
anticipation for this, and residents also looked forward to it already for a long time, so
they all indicated positive and affirmative attitudes on the whole to the project.
The party committee secretary of the Bayandai Township thought the prospect of
the extension and improvement of Xincun Road promoting the local development was
very good, and indicated that this road: (1) became a main line which linked the
development zone and the Shandong Road, it could carry out real estate development
along the line, the area at the east side of the Xincun Road was planned for real estate
development (master city plan), the area at the west side was Piqinggou, there it could
built some service facilities, mainly for leisure resting, residential district, and resident
resettlements, to accelerate urbanization, and urban-rural integration. (2) linked with
the No.218 National Highway and the Shandong Road forming the new extended road
of the railway station, was very near to the exit of the Jing-Yi express highway, being
able to reduce the traffic stream. (3) could increased job opportunities for the existing
residents at the west side, could directly promote the secondary and tertiary industries.
(4) the maintenance and afforestation of the road were provided to the local landless
farmers in priority.
The village cadres of the Huaguoshan village, Kaerdun Township thought after
completion of road building, more enterprises would be attracted here for cooperation,
and it was good to both collective economy and villager employment. The Secretary
Aierken (Uygur): for the extended part of the Laojiu Road and the South Ring Road,
it already was planned two years ago. When the roads were good, the investment
attraction should be easier, the change would be big. At present, most roads were soil
roads, and rains would make the road very muddy, the road condition was very bad.
At present the best road was the city ring road (east ring road), with 6 driveways, hard
surface, at the roadside there were enterprises (including 17 enterprises), so, after the
new road being built, it would affirmatively attract enterprises.
The cadres of the Dongliang Village hoped that after building the road, the
farmers could carry out agritainment, and could also attract town people to come here
to make investment. the secretary of the Dongliang Village (Hui Nationality): I
thought building road was a good thing, the roads of our Dongliang Village were bad
before, no taxicab liked to come here, even giving 10 yuan or 15 yuan taxicab fee
which were 5 yuan in normal. At present, after road building, some villager could
carry out agritainment tourism at both sides of the road. The extension line of the
Dongliang Street was very important to us, so do the Laoer Road and the Laosan
Road. At present, the relatively good road stretches were the Dongliang Road and the
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No.220 provincial highway, the industrial park were just at here, there were quite
many enterprises. In future, the village in the city must build good roads for attracting
investment, investors liked to take these into account.
The cadres of Jierkelang Village, Kaerdun Township also hoped after building
the road, enterprises could come here make exploitation and utilization to the local
sorghum, the living environment of villagers could be improved, and it could develop
tourism industry. The branch secretary Reziya (female) said: the village had 2358
persons, the poor households were more than 200, of which low-income families were
168. The village had more than one thousand mou of cultivated land for planting
sorghum which could be made into brooms. At present, the sorghums were planted,
harvested, and made into brooms all by the village. Some person from outside of the
village came here and purchased the brooms, 6-7 yuan for one broom, then sold
according to 15 yuan per one in outside markets. We wanted to establish the
processing plant of ourselves, the village could purchase the brooms and then made
these products into brands, even if the sale price remained 15 yuan, it can return 10
yuan to farmers, the production, purchasing, and selling for brooms all needed large
numbers of work hands, it would increases the employment. At present also some
bosses wanted to make investment here, but the roads were bad, and the intentions
failed, it mainly because the East Xinhua Road was bad, it even influenced renting of
old office building of our village, as the old office building was just at the end point of
the East Xinhua Road. Our new office building was at the south side, and we would
move to there soon. Farmers also had many complaints to the East Xinhua Road, it
was not improved already for 30 years, and was the only road without sewer in the
whole city. Some parts were dug ever and were not repaired, the road condition were
made worse. In the last week, 10 residents appeal to the municipality for help,
complaining about this road, but there were no results, no taxicab dared come here
after 8 o’clock in the evening. Buses did not like to travel through this road, it caused
difficulty to local students for their going to school. After building this road, at the
side there was the Yili River, the landscape was very beautiful, and it could carry out
tourism.
Residents hoped after building roads, it can increase employment chances. The
laneway header of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River Street Office and the low-
income families held a discussion meeting: the employment of our area were not
good, almost all of them lived as unskilled labour, except minimum living allowance,
they could only do some small business. After building the road, it could promote
development possibly, and some enterprises could enter into here possibly, we also
wanted to support ourselves on our own, we also wanted to work. At present we were
not in the central area, so even odd jobs were difficult to get.
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Road safety was of great importance to children who went to school every day
and their parents. At present, partial section of roads had bad condition, it caused
difficulty to the children for their going to school, and someone even gave up
everyday going to school from near and selected to go to lodging school in the town.
The branch secretary Reziya (female) of Jierkelang Village, Kaerdun Township
said: my child was 8 years old, as the road (East Xinhua Road) was bad, I had no
choice but to go to the lodging school in the town, if the road was built, I would took
my child back to go to the school nearby, after all the child was too little.
After improvement of the road, it could give positive role in guaranteeing the
resident travel safety and improving the sanitation and environment of residential
district, and it could also even more provide convenience for patient going to a doctor,
children going to school, and resident shopping, thus enhancing life-quality of people.
An elementary school schoolmarm of the Yining City No.14 Middle School (50
years, Uygur): the person number of the middle school students and the pupils were
2100, of which pupils were 1400, the rest were middle school students, the in-service
teachers of the school were 130. The school was located in the Kaerdun Township,
the East Xinhua Road was at the front gate of the school. The students' parents were
mainly farmers, also few partial students’ homes were at the various street of the
Yining City. The school had no resident students. Students lived nearby walked to go
to school, and students lived in urban went to school by buses, there were No.5 and
No.12 buses at the front of gate of the school. The road at the front of the school gate
was built five years ago, it was too narrow, and the road surface was very bad, had
many dust, when an automobile traveling through there were dusts off. It is harm to
health of children, and easily made children fall ill So, if building road, it should
widen the road, and increase speed reduction signs. You could also see that the cars
here all travelled fast, every year there were accidents in which students were hit by
cars, we already reported to higher levels for many times, but there were no replies.
So, for building road, we warmly welcome, it was a good thing. We could get more
convenient when going out. At present, the sound pollution is loud, the dusts were
serious. After shampooing, it could keep the hair clean for only one day. When a
vehicle passing through, dust would fill in the hair, it felt very unhappy.
Boss Chen (age 43) of wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: this road
(stretch section of Shengli Street) straightly went to the Qinghua Coal Mine, was in
bumper-to-bumper traffic, vehicles included not only coal and stone transporting
vehicles but also and buses. Especially for the coal transporting vehicles, they
travelled 24 hours a day having no stop. And the vehicles were driven fast, often
occurred traffic accidents. It was heard the other day that a vehicle run over and killed
three people. Bicycles could not be ridden for narrow road and quick travelling
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vehicles. This road should have been repaired long time ago, today you said the road
would be widened, it was a good thing.
Aibibai Hamuti (female, age 42, Uygur) of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River
Street Office: the road at front of the gate (the stretch section of the Guangming Road)
was too narrow, the travelling vehicles were also many, children going to school,
seeing a doctor, and going to masjid for worshipping all went on this road. If the road
was able to be widened, we of course welcomed.
The resident Yalimaimaiti (age 60, Uygur) of Beiyuan Community of Ailaimu
Street Office: the road of our No.11 subzone had been repaired for 5 or 6 years, at that
time it only paved a layer of cement, now the road surface had been rough, the to-and-
fro vehicles on the road were very many, the dust was serious. There were two big
vegetable markets near the community, the vehicles for buying vegetable and
transporting coal were many. In summer if you stayed in outside for a while, the hair
and cloth would be filled with black ash. In summer, even if the weather was very hot,
we did not dare opening window, or going outside for enjoying cool. In winter, the
road was wet and slide, it was danger for aged people going outside.
I was a Muslim, in general I went to Han Street to buy living articles, the out-
and-home tickets were 4 yuan. The buses were few, waiting for buses would spend a
better part of the day. And the prices of commodities in this community were more
expensive than other place, for example, the watermelon here was 2 yuan while only 1
yuan in other place, so does the other vegetables and melons and fruits, the main
causes were the road of the community was too bad. There was no hospital near, and
taxicabs did not come here for bad road, the most fear was getting ill at night, it could
not find a taxicab. At one time, one of my grandsons got ill at night, we held the
grandson and walked two to three kilometers for going to the hospital.
My daughter's child was looked after by me in my home, they were busy in
working, had no time to sent the child to go to school, in general I escorted the child
to the No.1 affiliated experimental primary school. The child was 9 years old, was in
grade three. The road nearby was very narrow, and the vehicles were many, she went
to school herself would make us very worried. for everyday going to school and after
school, I would escort and go to the school to pick up the child, and we had no other
way. When hearing of building road at here, we were very pleased.
Village cadres, grass roots staffs, and religious people etc. all showed readiness
to do some things for the project in their power, to make publicity in residents, and
coordinate the problems which encountered probably in the process of project
implementation, to make the project be able to smoothly progress.
The headman Akemujiang of Bayikule village, Kaerdun Township: we could
mobilize the three olds, that was to say the old party members, old cadres, and old
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laneway headers, and influential people to hold meetings, and mobilize to do mass
work, and overcome the inconvenience in the construction period.
The laneway header Ayixianmu Maimaiti (female, age 45, Uygur) of Dongliang
Village: we supported building the road, building road might influence our outgoing,
but we still supported building road. Building road was a good thing. We would
propaganda work to the common people in our area under administration, I was
responsible for the 35 households of residents in the fifth lane of the stretch section of
the Dongliang Street, the road passed through near our laneway, we would give out
support positively.
The laneway header Nuerguli Abudusilamu (female, age 35, Uygur) of
Yingmaili Forth Lane of stretch section of Dongliang Street of Dongliang Village: I
were responsible for 30 households of residents, I were very familiar with the basic
condition of these residents. We all supported building road, after building road, our
outgoing would be convenient, the environment would be good, and mood would be
good, common people also supported, students would be convenient when going to
school, it would also promote the economic development here. Hope when doing land
expropriation and relocation, it should take more interests of common people into
account, get transparent and open, and compensate common people impartially.
The imam Yimuhanremuzi Reyimu (age 65, Uygur) of Wulasitai Village,
Dadamutu Township: building road was a good thing and thing of accumulating
virtue, if it was needed, we could also spare the masjid, if only build a masjid in a
proper place for us, building road was a big thing, should not be delayed.
The imam Ye Xueyi (age 47, Hui nationality) of the forth team of the Wulasitai
Village: building road was a good thing. There were some one or two people who
disapproved, but 80 - 90% agreed, I would also publicize the thing to my believers in
the masjid. After the road being built up, the influence to us were good, we
welcomed, and hoped it could be realized in a little faster.
The influenced people also understood that the project implementation could
give adverse impact to the working and living of selves. In the questionnaire
investigation, for influence of building roads in urban districts to outgoing of
personals and family, the investigated people thought that the main influence was
against to outgoing for going to work, outgoing for shopping came next, and the third
was children going to school. Of course, the influence of building road was
temporary, only existed in construction period.
Table 2-32 Sequence of impacts of building roads in urban districts to outgoing of
personals and family (%)
110
Impact to
outgoing
Goin
g to
work
Shoppin
g
Children
going to
school
To see
a
doctor
Going to
masjid for
worshipping
Having
no
influence
Hard to
explain Others Sample
First 44.5个 14.9个 10.2个 7.5个 1.5个 7.5个 11.4个 2.5个 402个
Second 3.7个 44.5个 31.9个 15.2个 3.7个 个 个 1.0个 191个
Third 8.5个 17.0个 29.8个 40.4个 4.3个 个 个 个 47个
The land expropriation and relocation had big influence to the people's living,
they might even probably make some household loss their existing source of income,
and make their living fall in difficult position. The residents who were influenced
adversely by the project hoped building road could provide convenience for their and
everybody's living in one side, but they also worried their households would be
impacted seriously and could not maintain the present living standards in other side.
The secretary Reziya (female, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township:
the incomes of residents at the both sides of the roads were all right, their living and
incomes would be influenced for digging roads.
Aibibai Hamuti (age 42, Uygur) of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River Street
Office: the family had 5 members now, including husband and wife and three
daughters, the all daughters were at school. I operated a store with husband through
renting a house at the road side. If building roads and relocation were implemented,
the store would be dismantled certainly, the store would be closed. My husband had
waist ill, could not do muscular labor, he had minimum living allowance. If the store
was closed, our family would merely live on the minimum living allowance. I did not
know what could we do in the future, the people like us had low standard of culture
and were difficulty to look for work any more.
For small self-employed individual business households who rented houses at
the sides of streets for operation, if their stores were relocated, their operation would
certainly be influenced, while the obtained compensation might be limited.
Due to bad condition of some stretch of roads, public traffic being imperfect, and
highway administration being not in standard, there were persons to engage in some
unlawful passenger and freight transport operation activities. After the roads being
built up and the management being standardized, this kinds of unlawful operation
would be difficulty. It might reduce their household income probably for their
individuals, but it was helpful to the urban traffic and safety of other people.
A villager (male, age 34, Uygur) of Yingayati Village: the family had 3
members, 2 people had minimum living allowance. I engaged in operation of carrying
passengers with motorcycle, sometimes I could earn 80 yuan a day, and sometimes I
could earn 100 yuan a day. The motorcycle was bought with 2000 yuan, mainly it was
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to carry passengers, it had a hopper which could accommodate up to 4 people, the
motorcycle had a licence but had no operation licence, if the operation was catched by
traffic policemen, it would be fined four or five hundred yuan, if not paying the
monetary penalty, the motorcycle would be impounded. The buses and taxicabs
disliked us, did not let us operated on roads. In the whole village, there were three to
four people who made money with motorcycles.
Administrative officers of the Bus Company thought, during the period of project
implementation, it was not hard for the company to temporarily adjust the bus lines,
the influence to the company was little. Of course, residents who rode the buses in the
lines would probably have short-term of inconvenience.
The stationmaster Chen of dispatching room of dispatching station for No.5 bus:
building road had no influence to me, it only just temporarily adjusted the lines would
be fine, it was not a big problem.
In the discussion meeting for the laneway headers of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun
Township, the people (five) participated in the meeting discussed the possible
influence of the project to the villagers and the difficulties caused by the project, and
it did sequencing to the necessity and importance according to needed help. The
people participated in the meeting thought, it should reduce the negative impact of the
land expropriation and relocation of the project to the individual living, the first was it
should give suitable and reasonable compensation, the second was to set up shops, the
third was employment, and the fourth was resettlements.
Table 2-33 the sequencing for the demands of reducing negative impact in the
discussion meeting for the laneway headers of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township
(being made according to PRA mode)
Hard
problem Compensation Employment
Setting
up
shops
Afforestation Increasing
remuneration Resettlements
Circle ○○○○
○○○ ○○○○○
○○○
○○○ ○○ ○○○ ○○○○
Quantity 7 5 6 2 3 4
Sequencing 1 3 2 6 5 4
2.5.3 Hope and suggestion of influenced people to project implementation
The hope and suggestion of influenced people to the project were concerned in
different aspects, including preparation of project, construction of project, and design,
land expropriation and relocation of project and the mechanism of compensation etc..
Because the land expropriation and relocation involved with many contents, and they
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were mainly the opinions of the people who were influenced by the land expropriation
and relocation, it would be stated in a separate part in the below.
� On preparation before project implementation
Before implementation of the project, it should do well the preparation
work sufficiently, and should repair the water supply and drain pipes and the
heating pipes along with the roads, to avoid repeat cutting roads. The resident
hoped repairing the roads, but did not hope frequent repairing.
The secretary Ailaiti of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: building roads
was a good thing, before building, it should well solve the problem of water supply
and drain and heating pipes, otherwise, it should excavate the road surface again and
again in the future, this kind of thing had ever taken place in the urban area. It shall
take overall into account as possible when building road.
The chairman of the People's Congress, Kaerdun Township: all villagers had
welcome attitude for building roads, but they hoped it should solve the problem of
infrastructure under road surface at the same time when building roads, such as water
supply and drain, heating, electric power, and telecommunication, to avoid repeat
cutting roads in the future.
Abudukeyoumu Alimu (male, age 64, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun
Township: we hoped it should do well all kinds of infrastructure before building
roads, did not build the roads in this year and then dug the roads in next year for
laying sewer pipes, it should work out the plan in advance.
The director Ha of the Ermao Community, Hanbin Township: the pipe networks
under this road (Tianjin Road) were many, hoped it could repair the pipe networks
under the road to a good state in one time.
Abuduaini (age 63, Uygur) of Nageerqi Community of Yili River Street Office:
it should take into account the problem of sewer pipes and water supply before
building roads, the installation here had not yet gone three years. Did not repair roads
every year. Although the roads here were narrow, we had made well everything of our
house, and did not want our placid living being damaged.
Villagers hoped the building of the roads, and hoped it could utilize the chance
of building road to solve the problem of water supply and drain and heating pipes
along with building the roads.
The secretary Reziya (female, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township:
now the problem of water supply had not been solved for us, now the water we drank
was introduced from the other township, and there was water to be provided only in
night and in day time there was no water to be provided. Hoped the problem could be
solved along with the building of the road, to avoid ditching again to solve the water
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supply problem after the building up of the roads and avoid repeating the previous
wrong, otherwise, we would have a rough time again.
The laneway header Bubinisha (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun
Township: this place also had no sewer pipes, when building roads in the future
whether it could build some sewer pipes, at the present the sewage waters were
flowing everywhere.
A Hui nationality villager (age 53, Hui nationality) of the No.2 team of the
Dongliang Village: whether it could make well the heating and sewer pipes at the
same time along with the building of the roads, to stay warm with stove in winter
time was too much trouble.
Before construction of the project, it should do well the informing work to
the influenced people, to make the householders and business households be able
to do preparation in advance.
The cosmetics storekeeper (age 24, female) of the Ermao residential community
of Hanbin Township: for building the road, it should have inform us earlier, we could
place some small orders or find a way to deal with the inventory, otherwise, the loss
would be large. At this street, the external households who did business were many, if
the road was planned, you should have inform us earlier. (After adjustment of the
project, the Tianjin Road where the shop was located was no longer in the area of the
project)
The Dongliang middle masjid legal representative concurrently the laneway
header Zhang Zeming (age 59, Hui Nationality) of Dongliang Village: building road
was a good thing, we supported strongly, if only you said clear the place and width of
building to us and let us know.
� Problems which should be paid attention to during the construction period
of the project
After the project beginning, it should do construction work losing no time, to
decrease the impact to the residents as best as possible.
For possible inconvenience caused during the period of building roads, the
influenced people all indicated their understanding, but they hoped the construction
period should be shortened as much as possible, it should repair by segments to avoid
cutting at the same time, which would make the construction period get longer and
cause big influence. Hoped the construction work could be done early and could be
completed as soon as possible, to decrease the negative impact of the road
construction caused to the production and living, especial for the business households
and truck farmers who had relatively higher utilization ratio to the road, they hoped
the road could be repaired quickly furthermore.
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Lu (female, age 63) of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: building
road would of course be fine, if it wanted getting rich, it should build road at first. Of
course it might cause traffic jam, but these were nothing. If it built road here, did not
excavated all road surface at one moment and then did nothing. If it was to build road,
it should be quick, did not repair a little today and then a little tomorrow, which
would make us tired.
The imam (Hui Nationality) of the upper masjid of the Dongliang Village:
building road was a good thing, all people welcomed. We had no problem, but the
period should not last too long, otherwise, it would influence living. For the front
road, when repairing, it suddenly stopped construction for half month, it made the
living very inconvenient. Stopping for 2 or 3 days would be tolerable.
Abudumijiti Maimaiti (Uygur) of Yingayati Village: could the construction of
building road be quickly a little and do not excavate for quite a few months at one
time.
Hai (Hui Nationality) of Bayandai New Village: for building this road (the Xincun
Road of the Dongcheng District), I warmly welcome. The road was very narrow, it
often occurred accidents in the year round, even it was to pull down some part of my
big shelter would have no problem, (I knew) Pulling down shelter for building road
would been given compensation. Now I hoped the road could be repaired quickly, did
not delay for a year or so, if so, it would certainly influence me seriously.
The boss of the wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: If it was to repair
road (the stretch of the Shengli Road), it was advisable to repair half of the road first,
did not excavate all road surface, in this way, the impact to our business would be
some little.
The project should be guaranteed the quality strictly, it should strengthen
management to the construction enterprise.
The woman storekeeper of Heichao Hairdressing Barbershop of the Ermao
residential community of Hanbin Township: for building road, it should repair the
road to good state. There were many roads, which were repaired today and then got
collapsed tomorrow, the quality was too bad, being typical jerry-built projects. It
should do good management to the labor contractor who built the road, to enhance the
highway quality. For a road, if it was able to be used for 7 to 8 years would be fine.
In the construction period, it should pay attention to the safety of outgoing of
resident, and especially children going to school.
Hoped in the construction period the traffic safety for children going to school
could be guaranteed. At present, some roads were narrow originally, once it began
building, both safety and free passing of foot passengers would be influenced.
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Mihelayi (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: had one 6
years old child (in nursery) and one 10 years old child (grade five student). The child
was a student of the No.28 Elementary School which was near the home, it was no
need to cross the road for going to school, when repairing road, I worried a little, as
building road would be unsafe. At the gate area of the school, accidents often
occurred, I hoped at the gate of the school a security man could be arranged, and it
should set up several traffic lights there.
The doorkeeper Sun sir of the experimental primary school of the No.11
subzone: it was advisable to extend the road to outside, vehicles were many both in
day time and night time, if it was to build road, the school buses could stop at outside,
to leave a way for students.
Paid attention to environment protection
During the construction period, it should pay attention to environment protection,
to avoid damaging the forest belt at the roadside. The secretary Reziya of Jiergelang
Village, Kaerdun Township suggested it should not cut down the trees when building
roads. In the past when building road, the forest belt protection was not paid attention
to in some places, the villagers hoped the same kind of condition should not appear in
the project any more.
A villager (male, age 61, Uygur) of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township:
the roads which had been built up also had many problems, the soil at that side was
piled at this side damaged the tree seedlings at the roadside. Their construction work
was also very bored, they did not pay attention to environment at all. Planting the tree
seedlings was not easy, this doing damaged 30% of tree seedlings at one moment.
There was a wetland near the stretch of the Dongliang Street within the area under
administration of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township, at present the condition
of protection was not good, some people dumped their rubbish there, villagers hoped
in the project, it should not cause new damage to the wetland as much as possible.
The laneway header Wang Zhiqiang of the Dongliang Village: building road was
a good thing. There was a piece of wetland at the juncture place of the Dongliang
Street and the Laoer Road, the wetland was about 93 mou, the area which the project
passed through was 17 mou, it was hoped that the wetland could be protected as
possible. People always said the wetland was kidney of the globe, and the kidney was
very important, and was indispensable, so we hoped the wetland could be protected
Hoped to participate in the construction work of the project
The influenced people hoped to participate in the building of the project, the
village cadres put forward if the project building needed labor force, the village was
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willingly to provide; the women expressed that they can prepare meals etc., thus to
increase income.
The secretary Reziya (female) of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township: if
building road needed labor force or other support, we all were willingly to provide.
The headman Akemujiang of Basikuleke Village, Kaerdun Township: if building
road needed workers and vehicles, we all were willingly to provide, both to work as
security staffs and dustmen could be fine.
Bahaer Guli (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: in
building road, it was desirable that we women could also be allowed to work there, I
could prepare meals, and looked after children for the workers.
� About project design
It was hoped that the driveway and footway could be separated after
extension and improvement of roads, and it should set up pedestrian way, to
increase the safety of the road.
An elementary school schoolmarm (50 years, Uygur) of the Yining City No.14
Middle School: the renewal road should have driveway and pedestrian way, the
vehicles and pedestrians could go their own ways, the road should not like the road at
the front of the gate, the vehicles and pedestrians both were crowded in one road. In
addition it was advisable to build a underground passage at the gate of the school,
then the children could have no need to walk cross the road.
The resident Yalimaimaiti (age 60, Uygur) of Beiyuan Community of Ailaimu
Street Office: if it was to build road, it should build a good road in deed, the road
surface should be widened, and it should set up pedestrian way. In this way, it could
provide more convenient for outgoing of around masses.
The boss of the wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: if it was to repair
road (the stretch of the Shengli Road), it should still set aside pedestrian way, to
provide convenience for passing pedestrians. This road had no pedestrian way,
pedestrians were crowded aside for vehicles.
Chen Xiaobin (age 36) of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: the roads
in the urban were good, but the our East Xinhua Road here was not good, here we
were fear to take buses, and every year the condition was same, the roads were not
good, and the road surface were rough. If it was to build road, it was advisable to
build a road being wider a little and being more than 12 meters wide, at present, the
East Xinhua Road was only 7 meters wide, when two vehicles were travelling
together, the bicycles would have no place to go, sometimes the buses directly were
driven with sharp turns in harries, then it would be impossible for bicycles to escape
away, if the roads all liked the Han Street with the lanes of motor vehicle, bicycle, and
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slow vehicle being separated, it would be fine, in the middle of the road there were
green belt, in this way it would be more safe.
To solve well the problem of road drainage.
It was hoped that after extension and improvement of roads of this project, the
problem of partial road water drainage being not smooth at present could be solved.
Residents of the Ermao Community, Hanbin Township, Development Zone reflected
that the Tianjin Road had no water drainage and when it was rain the water flowed
into the yards of residents. The water drainage of the East Xinhua Road was not good,
when it was rain there would appear water pit. The villagers of Bayandai Village,
Bayandai Township also hoped that for building road it should repair well the water
course first.
The students at the gate of the school were many, building a underground
passage would be good to students in passing.
An elementary school schoolmarm (50 years, Uygur) of the Yining City No.14
Middle School: it was advisable to build a underground passage at the gate of the
school, then the children could have no need to walk cross the road.
Improving the arrangement of traffic signs and marks
Cui Gen of Hengqiang Company: I went to work by bicycle everyday, the traffic
condition was already improved very much than before, at present it was felt just that
the arranged distances of traffic lights were too short.
Ms. Fan who operated a Muslim restaurant: after the road being built up, if it was
able to make dust few and make environment clean, it would be fine, I hoped it could
put some refuse boxes at roadside. There was a school near, this road junction should
be arranged a traffic light, otherwise, it would be too dangerous, traffic accidents
often occurred at the road junction, and motorcyclists often drove a wrong way down.
Without street lamps, it would be inconvenient at night, and unsafe, often was stolen.
Expanding bus covering area and increasing bus station building.
It was put forward that it should build bus stop at the Bayandai Village for No.11
bus, and it was hoped that for important bus lines they all should build bus stop at the
Bayandai Village.
To arrange green belts at both sides of roads, such as to set up green belts at
the both sides of the Tianjin Road.
For project design, there are also some suggestion, for example, the Dongliang
Village put forward that the villagers hoped it could add the No.8 back street which
connected the Xingfu Avenue and the East Xinhua Road into this project for being
improved together. That road already was repaired, but it still was not completed,
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"residents have a complaint, in rainy day the road has no means to be passed even
more."
Residents raised some other demands which were beyond the project, and hoped
they could be solved in the process of the project. These were their some expectation.
For example, villagers of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township put forward
they hoped their water supply problem could be solved, at present the village had
tapping pipe but had no water; some residents of Baiyuan Community of the
Ailanmubage Street hoped it could do some hardening to the roads in the community
when building roads; villagers of Jiergelang Village, Kaerdun Township also hoped it
could repair well the paths in the village, "the paths are very bad, are not paved
asphalt, and are uneven, are very inconvenient for walk, once it rains, people can not
go out and about for 2-3 days, and children do not want to go to school".
Strengthen management work after project
The building and management of the roads should be in matching. In the past, for
some stretches of roads, after extension and improvement, the road condition got
better, and the vehicle speeds were increased, but the safety was not increased; the
area got popular and business operation increased, but the speed did not have apparent
enhancement, so it should strengthen management even more. In the past, after road
being built up, the overweight vehicles were many, the road surface would then be
damaged in not a long time, if the management was done well, it would keep the road
in good condition for even longer time.
Ma Tengfei (age 50, Hui Nationality) of Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun
Township: after road building up, it should still do management. The road to the
Huaguoshan Timber Market was newly built up several years ago, it was good, but
the traffic accidents still often occurred. It was mainly because the farmers who came
here to do business from the South Xinjiang stopped their vehicles on the road, and at
that place people and vehicles were many originally, too much vehicles was stopped
on the road, then the road surface would get narrow correspondingly.
2.6 Attitude and suggestion of residents who might be influenced by
land expropriation and relocation to the land expropriation and
relocation of the project
2.6.1 Policies on land expropriation and relocation
In recent years, along with development of Yining City, the area of urban district
rapidly expanded, the land expropriations were more and more. In order to guarantee
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the interests of farmers whose lands were expropriated, in 2011, the Yining City
enacted the Yining City Implementation Method of Social Security for Farmers Whose
Lands Are Expropriated (Temporary) (Yishizhengban No.[2011] 113). According to
the regulations of the Method, the objects who could enjoy the policies included: the
people who loses his/her land in the town planning area of Yining City and outside
the town planning area for government uniform expropriating rural collective lands
and remains in labour-ages at the time of land expropriation (with age being above 16
years old and less than 60 years old for man and 55 years old for woman); the people
who has signed the Household Land Contract with his or her Village Committee and
held the Rural Land Contract Management Right Certificate; the on-roll agricultural
population within the range of rural collective economic organization, for whom the
government has no means of giving no-hometown migrant resettlement after
accepting the adjustment voluntarily and not possessing agricultural land any more,
and with the age being above 16 years old and enjoying the second round contract
management right at the time of land expropriation; and the people who has signed
arrangement with the Village Committee and he or she do not need to be settled in
uniform.
The retirement pension guarantee fund for a farmer for whom his or her land was
expropriated should be undertaken by the government, village collective, and
individual respectively. Of which: the government undertook 30%, the village
collective undertook 30%, and the individual undertook 40%. The endowment
insurance paid had five classes according to 60%, 7.%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the
basic number. The farmers whose lands were expropriated selected the payment class
voluntarily, and paid in one time the part for which the individual should pay.
For a farmer whose land was expropriated and had an age being 60 years old and
above for a man and 55 years old and above for a woman, after paying the
endowment insurance in full at one time, he or she could collect the retirement
pension monthly. For a farmer who was in accordance with the regulation of
collecting pension, it could refer to the regulation on retiree adding fund in the social
unified basic endowment insurance planning for enterprise's employee of autonomous
region, to adjust the pension after approval of the municipal people's government, the
required fund would by paid from the endowment insurance fund of the farmer whose
land was expropriated.
For a farmer who remained in labor-ages and had work unit after paying in
supplement in one time the endowment insurance, the work unit would continue to
pay the endowment insurance for him or her; if the farmer was in self-employment, he
or she could continue to pay endowment insurance according to a town flexible
employment person, or he or she could participate in the new type rural social
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endowment insurance voluntarily, when reaching retirement age, and paying the
endowment insurance being for 15 years or more than 15 years, he or she would enjoy
the corresponding retirement pension guarantee respectively and transfer or continue
the endowment insurance relationship to enjoy corresponding treatment according to
the relevant social insurance regulations. For people who paid the endowment
insurance being for full 15 years, he or she could still pay endowment insurance, and
he or she also could select not to pay continually and when reaching retirement age to
handle retirement procedure.
For a farmer whose land was expropriated and whose registered permanent
residence was transferred into town residence, if he or she already was employed and
had clear and definite labor relationship, he or she would participate in town
employee basic medical insurance and enjoy corresponding treatment; if he or she had
no employment unit, in principle he or she would participate in paying town basic
medical insurance as a flexible employment person, if the family had economic
difficulty, he or she could participate in town resident medical insurance; if he or she
already participated in the new type rural and pastoral area cooperative medical
service, he or she could continue to participate in the new type rural and pastoral area
cooperative medical service, and enjoy corresponding treatment.
In Kaerdun Township, there were 1454 landless farmers, at present 63 people
already handled and finished social insurance procedure.
Besides social security for farmers whose lands were expropriated, the municipal
government and the villages' and towns' governments already did many work in
aspects of resettlements of farmers in land expropriation and relocation, it was mainly
to provide newly-built guarantee houses (storied buildings) as resettlement houses and
provide shop houses (with cost price) to arrange employment, and make currency
compensation as required standard. In 2011, the Yingayati Village of Kaerdun
Township was expropriated cultivated land 322.87 mou and 450 households of
houses, 2286 people were involved in total, it was going to carry out the Enriching
and Housing Project for Low-income Families.
The deputy township head Chen of Kaerdun Township: for landless farmers we
were doing the Enriching and Housing Project for Low-income Families, the
proportion of compensation was 1:1.2, the Dongliang Village was just doing the
project. The township government specially provided 80 mou land for building storied
buildings with 680 sets of houses, each set of house was 80-120 square metres. In the
housing subzone there also was built a farmer's market with 220 shops, they would be
provided to the landless farmers with cost prices. If it was a real estate agent to do
land development, the compensation standard was higher than the compensation
provided by the government. In addition, if a farmer who was in land expropriation
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and relocation lost his or her house for land expropriation and relocation, he or she
also could enjoy 27500 yuan compensation for one year, for example the moving
house allowance was 3000 yuan, and outside-hometown settlement allowance was
7000 yaun a year. If one year passed, the farmer still did not move into the new house,
it could give some more compensation if it was suitable. In principle for a storied
building, it would provide at most two sets of houses for each household of farmer,
and for some landless farmers who had several more sons and daughters, it was taken
into account that their sons and daughters would need houses in the future for
marrying, and in general it was to provide house with cost price according to 1300
yuan per square meter. For the commercial residential building houses in the Yining
City, the average price was more than 3000 yuan per square meters, and for that even
near the city suburb ring road, the average price was already at about 2200 yuan per
square meters. Also there were some very few parts of landless farmers they wanted
to obtain money compensation and did not want to obtain houses, while the most of
farmers wanted to obtain houses, as the storied building house with so low price was
no in market. A good many of farmers would not be given house sites for their home
building, the reason was that at present our lands were getting less and less.
The land expropriation and relocation work was carried out according to
procedures, including to establish leader organization, to do household publicity, to
try to find out, record, and investigate and evaluate the real details of expropriation
and relocation cultivated land and houses, to solicit the opinions and suggestions of
farmer representatives, and finally to sign house relocation contract based on
negotiation and consultation.
The deputy township head Chen of Kaerdun Township: if it was to expropriate
land, in general it should do publicity work in advance, the most agreed the
relocation, only few were difficult to relocation, they just mainly wanted to obtain
some more money. For expropriation and relocation cultivated land compensation, the
young crop cost was 1500 yuan per mou, the grape was 60 thousand yuan per mou.
The relocation should be done according to the local actual conditions, the
compensation standard was uniform all over the country. The government needed to
guide the farmers whose lands were expropriated to do asset investment, for example,
it was to use the cash indemnity to build shop house, otherwise if all the money was
given to them fully, after the money being run out, their living in the future would
have no assured source.
In 2011, the Bayandai Township expropriated, relocated, resettled 1266
households of farmers the 6330 people, to implement the city west market building,
industrial park building, and engineering construction at the both sides of the No.218
National Highway. The town government established the long-term land
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compensation mechanism, dwelling resettlements mechanism, employment
supporting mechanism, and social security mechanism, to make good resettlements to
landless farmers. The concrete practices: to use the land compensation as production
building funds to build the landless farmer re-employment market, all the shop houses
were provided to the landless farmer; to build the enriching and housing subzone, it
was according to the principle of resettlements first and then relocation, to make an
integral moving for the landless farmers; to establish labor force human resources
service center to provide employment information, establish preferential policies to
support the employment of landless farmers, and strengthen employment training to
enhance the employability of landless farmers; to buy endowment insurance for
landless farmers, to raise funds according to the finance, collective, and individual
proportion of 4:3:3. At present, the whole township already bought endowment
insurance for 1266 households the 6330 farmers.
Photograph 2 - 11 The Landless Farmer Re-employment Market in Process of Hanbin
Township
Photograph 2-12 The Built-up Landless Farmer Re-employment Market Near the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township
At present, with the chance that the city already successfully was approved as a
modern logistics demonstration city in circulation field all over the country and the
Ministry of Commerce was establishing the relevant supporting policies, the Yining
City was actively to obtain the support force of the State to the modern logistics
demonstration city, to realize the State provided priority supports to the business and
trade and logistics industries of the Yining City in all aspects such as the project
examination and approval, financial funds, tax privilege, and financial support etc..
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The municipal government planned to establish a series of large size market projects,
to promote the economic development, at the same time to improve the employment
environment of the city, and enhance the employment resettlements capacity.
Table 2-34 Statistic Table of Yining City Planned Construction Projects
Field Name of project Construction site Scale
(mou)
Term of
building
years
(years)
Industrial products
comprehensive market
in west area of the city
with automobile as
main
At the south side of the
main canal of northern
shore, North side of the
No.218 national highway,
and East side of the No.6
team of Gangou Village.
7050 2010-2015 Large size
wholesale
market
project Comprehensive market
in the east area of the
city
At the west side of the
s220 line, and south of the
No.8660 army to the
Dongliang Street
1000 2010-2013
Business centre (I)
Business centre in
headquarters economic
zone
2010-2015
Business centre (II) Cooperation zone 2010-2015
Large size
retail market
project
Six shopping streets Old urban area 2010-2015
Special agriculture
materials market along
the S220 line
S220 line 300 2010-2013
Cit
y b
usi
ness
an
d t
rad
e lo
gis
tics
Spcial
market
projects
which match
with the large
size
Special tourism
products market along
the south ring road
South ring road 200 2010-2012
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The comprehensive
trading market for other
light industry products
such as textiles,
apparels, and little
household electrical
appliances etc.
Cooperation zone 300 2010-2012
The city business and
trade logistics
distribution center
Within the industrial base
for the vegetables, foods,
and household electrical
appliances etc.
3000 2010-2015
wholesale
and retail
markets
The emergency system
reserve warehouse for
grain end-products, oils,
and meats etc. the living
commodities
Within the comprehensive
market in the east area of
Yining City
20-30 2010-2015
The convenient
subsidiary agricultural
products market of new
urban district
North section of the Xinyi
Road of Yining City 23 2010-2012
The convenient
subsidiary agricultural
products market of the
South Ring Road
South ring road 20 2010-2012
The convenient business
and trade corridor
market of the Tianshan
Street
From the east gate of the
farmer's market of the
Tianshan Street to the
road junction of the
Shengli Street
2010-2012
The people
convenient
market
project
Other people convenient
markets
In the residential areas
which had the building
condition
1457 2010-2015
Subtotal: 13350
Farmer's Market of
Bayandai Township Bayandai Township 21 2010-2013
bu
sin
ess
and
trad
e
log
isti
cs
Villages and
towns market
project Timber Market of
Kaerdun Township Kaerdun Township 265 2010-2013
125
Farm Products Market
of Yingyeer Township Yingyeer Township 82 2010-2013
Farmer's Market of
Tuogelake Township Tuogelake Township 20 2010-2013
Special Live Livestock
Market of Kaerdun
Township
Kaerdun Township 300 2010-2013
The rural
business and
trade
logistics
distribution
center project
8 to 16 projects
Fresh and live agricultural
products production base
of all villages and towns
800 2010-2015
Market
projects for
the "Ten
thousand
villages and
thousand
townships"
To build 235 markets
farther more
For villages and towns
and village groups of
Yining City
20 2010-2015
Subtotal: 1508
Business and trade
exhibition zone Railway station area 10500 2010-2015
Business and trade
logistics zone
No.14 plot of the Yining
International Business and
Trade Logistics Park
7845 2010-2015
Business and trade
service zone
At the west shore of
Piliqing River of Yining
City, being west to
interjunction place of the
railway and the No.218
line
3750 2016-2020
Inte
rnati
onal
bu
sines
s an
d t
rade
log
isti
cs
International
business and
trade
logistics park
Export processing zone
Being located at the west
side of the Piliqing River
of Yining City
3150 2016-2020
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Mixing zone
Being located at east side
of the Gangou Village of
Bayandai Township of
Yining City and north side
of the railway
3600 2010-2020
Transcontainer logistics
center
Being located in the
Yining railway station
area
600 2012-2015
Airport logistics center Being located in the
Yining airport area 450 2012-2015
Three big
logistics
center
projects Industrial base type
logistics center
The five big industries
nesting zone of Yining
City
375 2012-2020
Subtotal: 30270
Informatization
platform software
project
Total 45128
Fund raising: to apply for the special fund 6.92 billion yuan of the state and the
autonomous region (occupying 30% of the total investment), the municipal financial
supporting fund (including bank loans) 300 million yuan (occupying 1.3% of the total
investment), to apply for Xinjiang building helping fund 220 million yuan (occupying
about % of the total investment), and the attracted investment 15.61 billion yuan
(occupying 67.7% of the total investment).
Data sources: the 12th-five-year planning of the Bureau of Economy and Trade of the
Yining City
2.6.2 Attitude to the project and opinions to the compensation of the expropriated
and relocated people
The project was the highway construction project planned and implemented by
the government, for the project being good to the improvement of the urban
environment and the objective of enhancing the life-quality of people, the influenced
people agreed�for some people, they might face the influence of the contracted land
being expropriated and house being relocated, the influenced people expressed that
they were willingly to coordinate the land expropriation and relocation of the project
with attitude of supporting the state building road and based on just compensation to
the loss.
The villager Wubulikasimu Aimaiti (male, age 67, Uygur) of the Huaguoshan
Village: in order to building the road, even the masjid could be pulled down, our
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houses gave way to the road was as it should be, building road was to provide
convenience for everybody.
According to regulations, the land expropriation had land compensation, after
relocation, in addition to compensation or resettlement house, it also had settlement
allowance for moving and temporary resettlements etc.. The compensation standards
for different period were different, in general the compensation was keeping on rising.
As everybody knew it was the uniform regulation of the government, for the concrete
compensation standard, there were little which could be discussed. Still some people
put forward questions on the relocation standards, for example, at present the building
material price hiked a lot, if it was to compensate rebuilding housing, it was hoped
that the price increasing factors should be taken into account.
The secretary Ailaiti of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: every family
which was in land expropriation and relocation was compensated 20 thousand yaun,
including 1600 yuan moving allowance; 6000 - 7000 yuan temporary settlement
allowance. Furthermore, if a farmer had yard, shed and annex, the compensation
would be 48 thousand yuan. The house compensation ratio was 1:1.2, a 60 square
meters house could replace an 80 square meters storied building house, a house with
area being less than 60 square meters was also able to replace an 80 square meters
house.
The deputy secretary Pierdun (Uygur) and the accountant Lv (Han Nationality)
of the Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the railway station began
expropriating land in 2005, with 11 thousand yaun / mou, for the past years from 2005
the expropriated land was 700 - 800 mou. The cooperation zone expropriated the
North Er Road, 300 mou in the last year, 36 thousand yuan / mou, the fruit orchard
was 38 thousand yuan / mou. In this year, the Qinghua Mining Company expropriated
500 mou land, with 39 thousand yaun / mou, the vegetable garden and fruit orchard
were 48 thousand yuan.
Residents believed in that so long as the government expropriated land and
carried out relocation for building road, there would be compensation, but it was
hoped that the resettlements could be good and the compensation was adequate. To
uniform compensation standard, and to be open and transparent. When making
compensation for relocation, it should make a full negotiation and consultation with
the influenced people, should not exert authority over people. Some farmer put
forward that they hoped to make direct negotiation with the project management
office, did not hope the village cadre to act as intermediate.
The villager Hu Wanmin (age 53, Hui Nationality) of Dongliang Village,
Kaerdun Township: if there were land expropriation and relocation, the resettlements
should be done well, and the compensation should be adequate.
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Six farmers of the Yingayati Village said: building road was a good thing. If the
compensation had unified standards when building road, everybody would agree.
A villager (female) of the Dongliang Village: did not exert authority over people,
we needed consultation and negotiation, it should solicit our opinions. It should be
carried on only after we thought it carefully.
The laneway header Wang Zhiqiang of the Dongliang Village: it should solicit
more opinions of common people when dong land expropriation and implementation,
should not "exert authority over common people".
In the discussion meeting the landless farmers of the Dongliang Village put
forward: the relocation for building road was the need of the state, we would be sure
to provided our houses, but the public security organs, procuratorial organs and
people's courts should make forced pulling down the houses.
Ainiding (Uygur) of Bayandai New Village: we hoped to make negotiation
directly with the staffs of the project office, and did not hope the village acted in a
official capacity. The village cadres could not represented our benefits.
Ms. Su of the Yining City Bangyou Electromechanical Maintenance Service of
Bayandai Village: if it was to expropriate and relocate, the scheme should be
negotiated.
The consideration money should be issued to farmers directly, and should avoid
to be handled by the township and village being deducted.
Ma Tengfei (age 50, Hui Nationality) of Huaguoshan Village: for building road
and relocation, we hoped the compensation money could be issued directly to the
farmers, if the money was handled through the township government and the village,
they would deduct much money, this would not be good.
For compensation standards on enterprise relocation, it was hoped that it should
be raised by relevant departments. For relocation of enterprises and shops etc., it was
hoped that it could plan new land for building new plants and shops or it could solve
problem of employment. The cash compensation could only remedy the present
property damage, and could not guarantee the source of income for the future living
of the influenced people.
The boss Chen (age 43) of the wood-working factory of Kaerdun Township: for
compensation of relocation, we hoped the commodity price department could put
forward a compensation standard. Of course if building road needed to occupy our
processing plant, could the government give a plot of land furthermore for building
plant?
2.6.3 Opinions of the influenced people to land expropriation
The land expropriation work of the project was not carried out yet, and
furthermore due to the boundary line of road of the project was not completely
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determined when doing investigation, the range of land expropriation was not clear
and definite. In the investigated people of the Social Impact Assessment Group, there
were some people who were farmers whose lands were expropriated for other
projects. for some households, their contracted land was expropriated before this
project, and the compensated money to them would soon be run out, the people who
did not handle social insurance were lack of confidence for the future. The landless
farmers with big ages were active in handling social insurance, and they also reposed
their future living in the social security.
A villager (male, age 61, Uygur) of the Dongliang Village: the grandson was
already a student, the family had 4 female members. Formerly had 17 mou land
formerly, and were compensated more than 400 thousand yuan, and it was not much
for being distributed to his children. What would we do after getting old, and we did
not handle social insurance too. The compensated money was soon run out after being
issued.
Fan Xinfu (age 58, the Han nationality) of Wulasitai Village: we formerly had
cultivated land 6.9 mou, in last year, the higher level leaders said it would build the
highway from Bayandai to the railway station, and our land was already expropriated,
the compensation was 36 thousand yuan for each mou of land, we already collected
the money. Except this, there was no any other compensation. Both my wife and I
paid the endowment insurance, the endowment insurance I paid was 500 yuan per
year, it was 7500 yuan in total for 15 years, the endowment insurance my wife
selected to pay was 100 yuan per year, it was also paid for 15 years for her. At
present, I already paid 6000 yuan endowment insurance, and my wife paid 1000 yuan.
In this year, all the endowment insurance could be paid up, in a few years we could
just get paid, for me I had 100 yuan every month, and my wife had more than 90 yuan
every month. Otherwise, what could we do, we had no land, in the future the income
would switch off Now our ages were big, and we could not do hard work any more.
Due to the implementation of old-age security policy being not long, some people
were still not clear to the social security policy, and did not knew what benefits the
policy could provide to them, and still doubted about paying for the old-age security.
Wumailituo (Uygur) of Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township: if the road was
built, it should guarantee the work and insurance of my sons and daughters. People
who were more than 60 years old all had endowment insurance, more than 100 yuan
per month. In the past it was no any, and it just began from the present, we did not
what benefits it had yet. They deemed that they were people being more than 60 years
old, and would die not somehow, they did not knew whether their sons and daughters
could continue to enjoy the benefits or not after they died.
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For another kind of indemnifying measure to the landless farmers, it was to
arrange the employment of landless farmers through shops (shop houses). Although
the quantity of shops in construction were relatively adequate, but the prices were still
high even if it was based on the cost price, some poor landless farmers were difficult
to buy the shops although they also hope they could own the shops, and the livestock
breeding or agriculture which were suitable to them would not have condition to be
implemented.
The deputy secretary Pierdun (Uygur) and the accountant Lv (Han Nationality)
of the Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the railway station began
expropriating land in 2005, with 11 thousand yaun / mou, for the past years from 2005
the expropriated land was 700 - 800 mou. The cooperation zone expropriated the
North Er Road, 300 mou in the last year, 36 thousand yuan / mou, the fruit orchard
was 38 thousand yuan / mou. In this year, the Qinghua Mining Company expropriated
500 mou land, with 39 thousand yaun / mou, the vegetable garden and fruit orchard
were 48 thousand yuan. For our village, it was mainly to buy minimum living security
for landless farmers according to the files of the municipal government, for the cost
price shops (one mou of land could replaced 2 square meters of area of shop), there
were more than 100 sets at present, all landless farmers of township could have
chance to be distributed, but even the minimum shop was 60 square metres, many
farmers could not afford it, the market price was 2500 yuan / square meter, it was at
least 150 thousand yuan for one set. The expropriated mou of land could only
compensate partial of the shop, this would cause some problem. For most poor
landless farmer, they had no means of purchasing the shop, only those who had
economic strength could purchase the shop, while the poor households already had no
breeding base and cultivated land which they needed.
Some farmers reflected that in the last few years, for the landless farmers, some
people's living standard were enhanced, while some other people 's living were not
good. Some people put forward that the government should arrange work for the sons
and daughters of landless farmers.
Ainiding (Uygur) of Bayandai New Village: in the recent years, many lands of
the village were expropriated. Most of farmers became poor after several years, at
present they could only live on minimum living allowance. For some people who
were good at operating, after collecting the compensated money, they enhanced their
living, but this kind of people were very few.
The low-income family discussion meeting of Dongliang Village (5 people
participated in): if the government was able to arrange well the works for our sons and
daughters, and make them have source of living, than we agreed the land
expropriation.
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The East Urban Enriching and Housing Project Office of Kaerdun Township,
Yining City ever did household investigation to 450 expropriated households,
collected the opinions of them to the land expropriation and relocation, these opinions
could be reference to this project, of which the most were in accordance with the
investigation findings of the Social Impact Assessment Group (to see the table 2 - 35).
these opinions mainly were: queried the land and building evaluation opinions,
thought the evaluated price were on the low side (1, 3, and 10); the problems of
employment and income after land expropriation (2, 5, and 11); after moving into a
storied building, the housing expense increased (5), and living was inconvenient (9);
the problems of starter home house (6, 12) and resettlements house (7) etc..
Table 2 - 35 Summary sheet of solicited opinions from the land expropriation
households of the east urban new district group of Yining City
No. Opinions or suggestion of expropriate households
Number (of
households)
giving the
opinion
Proportion
(%)
1
The land of our village was evaluated being third class land,
but we take it that the land of our village belongs to the first
class land. (Reason: our village is suburban village, the
nature of the land is good.)
450 100
2 After this time of land expropriation, how is the problem of
employment of ours solved? 430 98
3
At present the evaluation prices to the relocated houses are
too low which are not in conformity with the reality�it
should raise the price and pay in one shot.
420 97
4 Farmers are hard to accept the urbanization idea. 400 90
5
At present the family lives on own workmanship and
breeding, after moving into a storied building, how the living
can be kept (especial for: special poor households and low-
income families. Because it will pay the heating fee, gas fee,
and management fee etc.)
365 87
6
During the period from the relocation to the new subzone
being built up, there are no temporary resettlements house.
At present, the resettlements problem for 80 households are
hard to be solved, if the rented resettlements house is too far
away, it will be inconvenient for children going to school.
360 85
7 Can we move into the east urban new district of Yining City
in this year? 368 83
8
The funds are not get in place, so some farmers are in
hesitate. Many farmers influence the smooth progress of the
land expropriation work, at present the land expropriation
work is in the stop position basically, the farmers require the
nature of the cultivated land to be changed and to plant other
335 70
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species.
9
The present house condition can only be transferred into one
set of storied building house, while for some farming
households, their sons and daughters lived with their parent
together after marriage. For single-story building, living
together is fine, but living in a storied building house is not in
conformity with the ethnic customs.
265 65
10
As the first issued evaluation price was too low, for land
expropriation or development, we directly negotiate the price
with the developer, to help the farming households enhancing
the land price.
67 32
11 For many breeding farmers, it is how to arrange the animal
husbandry. 79 28
12
At present farmers who have signed contracts are ready to
pull down the houses, but as the funds do not get in place,
they have no rent allowance and have no means of finding
and renting houses.
32 20
13
As the land board did not handle land certificates in the last
few years, some farmers did not have land certificates, what
can these farmers do?
45 18
14
For this time of land expropriation, are there any issued land
expropriation files of the Central, Xinjiang, and Yili
Prefecture.
15 9
2.6.3 Opinions of the influenced people to relocation
The opinions of the influenced people to the house relocation were relatively
centered mainly in the several problems of building well the resettlements house,
being willingly to live in the single-story building and not willing to live in a storied
building after relocation, and arranging shops (shop houses) etc.. As many houses
which were involved in the relocations for the road extention were housing
concurrently the shops, the relocation not only influenced the living of the relocated
family, but also influenced the employment and household income of the family.
� The compensation for relocation firstly was to satisfy the housing demand
After house relocation, it was hoped that the resettlements house could be lived in
as early as possible.
Villagers of Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township (it was the Laoer Road at the
front of the gate): at present many people's land or house were expropriated for
development, the compensations were already collected, but there were no land and
also any place to live, did not know what could be the source of living. Hope it could
give house for compensation, no house to live would be a worse thing.
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Some people put forward that for the family they have sons or have many sons or
daughters, whether it could give resettlements storied building houses according to
each son a set of resettlements storied building house or not.
The expropriation and relocation should cause the change of familiar neighbourhood
relationship. Some people put forward they hoped for the people they lived in a same
lane, after resettlements, they could still live near together and could take care of each
other.
Photograph 2 - 13 Housing at side of the Laoer Road
� The resettlements houses should be built up as soon as possible, or make
clear and definite the location, and shorten the transition period of the
migrant resettlements.
As in the previous project relocation, the resettlements work did not keep the
step of the project, causing that the house already was pulled down but the relocated
household could not get the resettlements house for long time, some people rented
house for several years, some people even run out their consideration money, and
finally they had no more money to buy the resettlements house. For this influence,
partial residents were worried that this project would also occur relocation without
house to live, so they demanded to know the location of their resettlements houses
before relocation.
The laneway header Bubinisha (Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun
Township: we already hand over our house, what the house would be and what our
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sons and daughters would do in the future, at present if it could make clear where the
house was, where the house property certificate was, I, as a laneway header, then
could said to the residents with administration of mine.
No.362, Dongliang Street, Dongliang Village (a woman): building road would be
fine, but the compensation and resettlements should be clear and definite. At present
some people in our village still did not get the resettlements house after relocation. A
relation of mine, the house was expropriated, but still did not get the resettlements
house till now. for the expropriated house, it should make clear and definite the
location of the resettlements house to be replaced, the unit number, story number, and
door number, let us have a seeing.
The landless farmer discussion meeting of the Yingayati Village (6 Uygur
farmers participated in the meeting): at present our house already was pulled down,
while there were no any information about the storied building house, now we had no
land and house, the previous compensation money already was run out a part.
The low-income family discussion meeting of Dongliang Village (5 people
participated in): in our village, some people's land were expropriated. But after
replacing the storied building house, the storied building had not been built yet, while
the money already was run out.
Due to land expropriation and relocation, there were many family renting house
for temporary transition, in some place, the house rental fees were also on the rise. If
the resettlements houses were not able to be built up in time, it should influence the
living of residents seriously.
Director of the National People's Congress of Kaerdun Township: the whole city
was in big relocation, the prices for renting houses were soaring, we issued 6000 yuan
allowance for house rent for a farmer each year, at present even 10 thousand yuan
could not rent a house.
� Residents with one-story house and yard hoped to replace the single-story
building instead of the storied building
The residents with one-story houses and yards generally did not hope to move
into a storied building house after relocation. At present most of them had one-story
houses and yards, where they could engaged in agricultural and sideline products
production, operate shop houses, and plant vegetable etc., when guests come to their
home, the accommodation would be convenient. While living in a storied building,
some women had to give up agricultural and sideline products production, such as
raising livestock, poultry, and planting vegetable etc.. The ceremonial activities of
ethnic minorities of Uygur and Hui Nationality etc. were many, often guests would
come to their homes and stay, a storied building house would appear narrow. For a
storied building, it would pay management fee, and heating fee etc., for low-income
135
families, it would be a large expense. Therefore, the minority low-income families
complained a lot especially for pulling down one-story house and moving into a
storied building.
But for the present condition, due to all the villages and towns involved in the
project area being at the edge of the urban area, they were in the range of the overall
planning of the urban development, in the recent several years, the land expropriation
quantity was large, according to planning, there already had no possibility or the
possibility being less and less for the village giving house sites to let the relocated
villagers at the roadside rebuilding one-story house and yard, in the Kaerdun
Township, at present all relocated houses were replaced with storied building houses.
If some people wanted to live in one-story houses by all means, they might face the
situation of leaving the local site and finding places somewhere else (the other
townships and counties which were far from the urban district) to buy lands and build
houses.
The landless farmer discussion meeting of the Yingayati Village (6 Uygur
farmers participated in the meeting): living in the one-story house was fine, if living
in a storied building had more expense and there were no fixed salaries, they would
have no means of paying heating fee, and management fee etc. the general expenses.
If it was living in the one-story house, it was able to rearing cattle, raising sheep, and
keeping hens, while moving into a storied building, there was no way to do these, they
had no interests in the storied building houses. For a 70-80 square-metre one-story
house, it could be lived in together for 2-3 families (parents, son, and daughter-in-law
etc.), while it was unsuitable for a storied building house, and there was no way for
them to accept living in a storied building house.
Bahaerguli (female, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun Township: for our
women, when the road was built up, there would be no way of planting vegetable,
when they moved into the storied building houses, they could only lie, and could not
do other work, and they heard of that it should pay 1000 yuan heating fee a year, for
one year it would pay 5000 yuan, living in the storied building was very expensive,
for all these we could adapt, if only the road was able to be well built.
The director of the National People's Congress of Kaerdun Township: most
farmers had no interests in living in a storied building, some households have many
people, several sons all lived together after getting married, for living in a storied
building, these so many people would be no good. The second was, in a storied
building, it could not do breeding, such as raising sheep or rearing cattle.
Furthermore, the living cost in a storied building would also increase, such as natural
gas fee and parking fee etc.. Some farmers were not able to keep the step of
urbanization. We could learn from the Dadamutu Township, they built one-story
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houses for the relocated households, it was able to look for places to build one-story
house for resettlements.
Li Hanyu (Han Nationality) of the Wulasitai Village, Dadamutu Township: the
family had 5 people, the yard was obtained by buying, being about 20 thousand yuan,
and little more than one mou, building houses spent about more than one hundred
thousand yuan. The family had three daughters, doing work in the city for others, and
another one was learning in a senior high school. The main income was from raising
chickens, the poultry house was about 600 to 700 square metres. For the several years
past, the income was all right, being about 20-30 thousand yuan, if it was to be
relocated, what would they do in the future, in the storied building, there was no way
of raising chickens.
� A part of street-front householders hoped it could pull down only half part
and the left half part could rebuild shop houses.
For householders who lived in street-front houses and had relatively large yards,
they hope it could expropriate a half of their lands and leave another half part of land,
where they could continue to build houses in-situ, especially they could utilize the
street-front advantage to continue to build shop houses and engage in business
operation. For these kinds of residents for whom it might only expropriate one half of
their yard, most of them hoped money compensation, and they did not want the
resettlements houses.
The villager Nuermaimaiti Yasen (40 age, Uygur, lived at front of the Xingfu
Street) of the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: the family had 6 members,
doing foreign trade business. The area of the whole yard was 2 mou, which was
bought in 2000 with 75 thousand yuan, and they began building houses in 2010, the
houses were not already been built up. The supported the decision of the state,
building road was good to everybody. But they hope their demands could be satisfied,
to expropriate only half of their land, taking it into account that they wanted to
building houses in the yard in the future, they did not want the house compensation,
they wanted money compensation.
The villager Wubulikasimu Aimaiti (age 67, Uygur) of the Huaguoshan Village:
when building road in Dongliang Village, one half part of my yard was expropriated.
The expropriated land of mine was 0.09 mou, five two-storied-building houses, the
total compensation was 130 thousand yaun, for the compensation to the road building
in Dongliang Village, everybody felt the compensation was suitable. For the present
houses, someone ever wanted to buy with 500 thousand yuan, but I did not want to
sell. For compensation, I wanted money, to build houses at the other place or build
multi-storied building houses at the left area after land expropriation and relocation.
137
Abudurexiti (age 50, Uygur) of Jiergelang Village: the whole family had 13
members, being two brethren families. The area of the yard was 2 mou. It was hoped
that some more land could be left when doing land expropriation, wanting to build
houses in the yard in the future yet.
Ainiding (Uygur) of Bayandai New Village: the family had 10 members (father,
younger brother etc. three families), 0.9 mou of house site, having three shop houses
being rented out, respectively as store, barber shop, and telecommunication shop.
Having 20 mou of lands, being planted with sugar beet, wheat, and corn, the annual
income was about 30 thousand yuan. Up to the present, the investment already
reached 300 thousand yuan to build cold storage building for apple and vegetable
fresh-keeping, the entry of the cold storage building at the roadside. If the left part be
able to one half, we hoped it could maintain some part. Even if it was only to
expropriated one half, the cold storage building would be sure to be influenced. We
hoped money compensation, and we would not get used to living in a storied building,
we could look for other place for building hoses. For land expropriation and
relocation, we had no more opinions, if only the compensation was reasonable, and
justice, we would be satisfied, and also we would not price it out of the market.
� For the expanded road, it was to mark and make relocation from the left side
or the right side of the center line should be decided only after weighing
For the road extension of this time of project, it was mainly to be carried out
based on the old roads, the left side and the right side landscape, vegetative cover, and
buildings of the original road had some differences, to relocate the left side or the
right side would have different influence to the residents, and the removal cost would
also have differences. In Kebokeyuzi Township, the influenced people paid much
attention to the expanding direction of the Laoyi Road, an equalizing extension at the
both sides of the center line was not hoped. At present, the width of the Laoyi Road
was 8 meters, there were 50 meters involved in the planning, its extension would
impact the resident housing, cultivated land, canal, and enterprises, and a plot of
graveyard of villagers would also be impacted.
The township party committee secretary: we hoped the road could be expanded
to the west side, as at the east side the resident houses were many, and there was also
an antiseepage canal which had been applied for a state project and was just built up
(afterwards according to our observation, the antiseepage canal was 2 meters about to
the road, while there was the cultivated land at the west side.
The staffs of the township enterprise office: at the west side, there were
enterprises, including 1 winery, 1 food products factory, and 1 hygienic chopsticks
factory, expanding to the west side, the three factories all were involved in relocation.
For the winery and the food products factory, although the production shops were not
138
able to be influenced after the road extension, the relocation influenced the
arrangement of the sanitation and fire-prevention facilities in the factories, it might
cause the sanitation and the fire protection being not able to come up to the standards
for the relocation and having no means of doing production.
A villager: there was our graveyard at the west side, being about 200 meters long
and 100 meters wide, if the road expanded all to the west side, it would put a
considerable impact to the graveyard, the existing road surface was 10 meters, I hoped
it could expand to the east side 20 meters, in this way the west side would be
expanded some little, then the graveyard could be maintained some more.
Another villager: in despite of expanding to the west side or the east side, the
graveyard would be impacted, there was a fruit orchard behind the graveyard, could it
be possible to give the compensation money to the fruit orchard and line out an equal
area in the fruit orchard to make up the graveyard.
� Hoped to be replaced with shop houses or arrange employment
As a compensation or resettlements mode, the villagers who would move into the
storied building for relocation also hoped they could be provided shop houses for
doing business to get a source of living. The people who had shop houses hoped their
houses could be replaced with or they could be arranged with shop houses for
continuing to operate shops. There also some people putting forward that it could
provide long term stable works for their sons or daughters.
Bubinisha (female, 37 years old, Uygur) of Yingayati Village, Kaerdun
Township: her house was at the roadside, faced to be relocated possibly. Her family
had four members, her husband, one son and one daughter. She said: in yard, it could
raise sheep, when they moved into the storied building, raising sheep would be
unsuitable. It was advisable to provide a shop house for supporting the family. My
husband was not in good health, if it was able to compensate with a shop house, then
we could operate a shop, and keep the pot boiling. Hoped it could provide
employment to their son and daughter.
Kuerbanjiang (age 39, Uygur, lived at the side of the Xingfu Street, disability) of
the Huaguoshan Village, Kaerdun Township: the family had 4 members, with three
children being students. The house site area was 0.3 mou, having five houses in total,
and one house was a street-side house, being used by himself for operating a dime
store, the whole family lived on the income from the store, the net income in one
month could reach 700-800 yuan. At present we did not want to buy a house, but we
supported building road very much, the market price for the whole yard and the
houses were about 250 thousand yuan at present. If it was to expropriate my yard, I
hoped the whole yard was expropriated, and were willing to replace the house, the
precondition was the shop house should be solved.
139
A villager (it was the Laoer Road at the front of the gate) of Dongliang Village,
Kaerdun Township: hoped the source of living could be solved after the house
expropriation and relocation. It was advisable not to build this road, if expropriation,
it should arrange well the works of our sons and daughter.
� For enterprise relocation, hoped it could select site near for reconstruction.
According to preliminary investigation, the project involved relatively few
expropriated enterprises, but there were still one or two enterprises their land would
be expropriated, such as the Yili Xinlong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in
Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township. If the land of enterprise was expropriated, it
should have to select other site for rebuilding, they hoped it could make
reconstruction at the near place, and also hoped the local government could offer to
help.
The Manager Ma of the Yili Xinlong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.: we
rented the land of the land board of the Yining City, being five mou land, more than
3300 square meters, there were more than 20 workers, they all were local people,
including Uygur, Kazak and Hui nationalities, also laid-off worker were included, the
hired people all were native. Their salaries were about 3000 yuan, the annual income
of the company was about 2 million yuan. The road condition here was relatively
good, just for the road being a little narrow, the road was relatively safe. If it was to
make relocation, it would be trouble, the machine tools were trouble, many houses
here were built up through myself. I had already operated the company for 6 years,
had invested the workshop building for 500 thousand yuan, being concrete ground,
building the ground used great effort, there were more than 20 units of equipment in
the workshop, the whole construction costed 700-800 thousand yuan. I heard of ahead
that building road would occupy a half of the workshop building, then to that time, the
factory should have to be moved I hoped it could provided a plot of other land near.
The present geographic position of the factory was satisfied, being relatively close to
the Xinyuan, Nileke and power station. For machine manufacturing, our factory was
the biggest in Yining, and manufactured products for exporting, and served for big
factory and mining enterprises, and also produce products for enterprises in Xinjiang,
and we also ever manufactured tablet slicer, and ever manufactured natural gas
machinery for Kazakhstan. If relocation, it should compensate my early investment,
the moving should at took one or two months, the loss in this period should also be
compensated, and the loss to rebuild the factory, for cement, in 2005 when we built
the factory, it was 170-180 yuan per bag, at present it was more than 500 yuan per
bag.
140
On the other side, the most characteristics of the Yining City area were all
classes of diverse and fine folk house building, the culture and custom of alleyways
were the living environment of the residents, and were also the advantages to attract
tourists. The ordinary common people of Yining City had clear understanding to the
feature of their own city and were very reluctant to leave. The residents hoped the
building of the road would not change the dwelling landscape of residents at both
sides too much, and maintain the feature of the Yining City.
Photograph 2 - 14 Gaming children at the Laoer Road
141
2.6.4 Suggestion on employment and social security
At present the residents of the Yining City engaged in more and more production
fields and the sources of income already got increasingly diversified, the citizens took
the handicraft industry and commercial production as an important development
approach.
Table 2 - 36 Sequencing of development demands in the ethnic minority women's
discussion meeting of Bayikuoqia Community (PRA diagram)
Sequencing
of demands
Children
going to
school
Operating
shop
To develop
farming
To develop
handicraft
industry
To develop
livestock
breeding
Candy * ○○○○○
○○○○○
○○○○○
○○○○
○○○
○○○
○○○○○
○○○
○○○○○
○○
Candy
number 10 9 6 8 7
Sequencing 1 2 5 3 4
But for some farmers, the planting and livestock breeding were still their main
production modes, the development approach which they could select freely were still
less.
The farmers' discussion meeting of Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township:
The investigator asked: if you had money, what would you want to do (provided
giving you 100 thousand yuan, what would you want to do most)?
R: We were farmers, could invest to do farming, I had 5 sons.
Y: Could buy 10 cows to develop livestock breeding.
A: Could buy two cars for operating taxicab.
The farmers' lands were expropriated and relocated, the one-story houses were
replaced with a storied building houses, actually it meant that the mode of production
of the farming and livestock breeding changed, they would gradually become a
townspeople who engaged in diversified production, operating, and dwelling in a
storied building from a farmer who depended on the cultivated land. The methods of
all levels of governments of the Yining City for the landless farmers, were mainly to
build all classes of markets, provide supporting policies, and increase the job
opportunities for farmers; to build breeding base and vegetable greenhouse etc., to
support the landless farmers getting employment; to strengthen employment training,
and enhance the employability of landless farmers; to settle the social security, mainly
the old-age security, to get rid of the worry source of the farmers.
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The township head Chen of Kaerdun Township: along with gradual developing
outwards of economy, the villager were influenced most. At present, the township
enterprises were mainly the plastic, plastic-steel, benzene adhesive plate, and wood
processing factories, and brick making plant etc.. The landless farmers after land
expropriation and relocation were many, such as the Dongliang Village building
secondhand car market, timber trade market, secondhand market, handicraft market,
flower trade market, and cattle rearing base etc.. For landless farmers, we had many
policies and measures, such as to provide endowment insurance, and landless
insurance etc..
The secretary Ailaiti of Yingayati Village: to build a Farmer's Market near the
resettlements community, with the shop area being 30-40 square meters, 2100 yuan
per square meters, while the market price was 4800 yuan, it was estimated that the
market could be built up in the first half year of the next year. It also would build
breeding base and vegetable greenhouses for landless farmers, which were about 8
kilometers away to the community.
Wumailituo (Uygur) of Bayikule Village, Kaerdun Township: after the farmers
collected their settlement allowance, they could buy motorcycles, automobiles, some
people wanted to build home houses, and if some people still wanted to do farming,
they could buy land. For the shop houses, there were only 10-15% people who could
enjoy, the people who had no cattle, sheep, and did breeding would have no means of
enjoying.
Quite a few landless farmers who had no shop houses before, also hoped they
could own a shop house being as a income source of living in the future, and they
were willing to buy with cost price to settle the employment and income of the family.
Hu Wanmin (age 53, Hui Nationality) of the Second Group of the Dongliang
Village: at present the family had 5 members, my wife, two children and a sister. One
child was learning in a university, the elder daughter stayed at home after graduation
last year. His sister was a disable person, did not marry, lived with my family, and had
minimum living allowance, 76 yuan per month. I drove vehicle for boss in outside
with monthly earnings of 1500 yuan. My wife did odd jobs in the Yining City. After
our land being expropriated (for other project), we hoped it could provide us a shop
house. Now we already had no cultivated land, what would we do in the future? I
heard of that it would build shop houses in the eastern suburbs market, and we hoped
it could distribute a shop house to us with cost price.
The Hui nationality farmers put forward that it could settle the problem of
employment for the Hui nationality residents through building Hui nationality feature
food and drink market.
143
Hu Wanmin of the Second Group of the Dongliang Village: for our opinions and
suggestion on this project, it could build Hui nationality feature food and drink
market, to sell Hui nationality fried dough twist, wheaten sheep lung food and
authentic Hui feast dishes with 9 dishes placed in three rows and columns, in this way
it could settle the problem of employment for local Hui nationality farmers.
Some people put forward that the government should arrange works for the sons
or daughters of the relocated households. But in fact, the employment already got
marketization for a long time, it was impossible for the government to settle the
problem of employment for the numerous landless people through arrangement, and
the government required the job seekers going to the employment market by
themselves, the government could provide employment information, and increase job
opportunities through improving economic and social environment. At the landless
farmer discussion meeting of Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township, some people put
forward that they hoped they could be arranged with jobs, and it caused a very big
dispute, most people thought as the capacity, knowledge, and ages were different, it
was very difficult for the government to arrange works in uniform. Some people put
forward that they hoped they could enter in enterprises to engage in stable work, the
government could do more things in the aspects of strengthening the skill training,
providing employment information, and introducing job posts etc..
The duty suspended cadre of Yingayati Village: it should arrange works for the
relocated households, it was advisable to issue allowance every month for them (that
was to say the salary). There also had some factories here, but they were running for a
moment, and then shut down for a moment, so there were not many people who were
willing to work there, when there were works to do they would have money, and
when there were no work to do they would have no any source of living. If it was
possible to let these people who had no works to do have long term contracts and have
fixed works (even if they did not provide the five insurances and one fund (that was to
say the old-age insurance, medicare insurance, unemployment insurance, injury
insurance and child-bearing insurance, and housing accumulation fund)), they could
provide the three insurances and one fund (that was to say the old-age insurance,
medicare insurance, unemployment insurance and housing accumulation fund) would
be fine) they would be willing to work. Here the people were used not to let their sons
and daughters go out for working.
The laneway header of Bayikuoqia Community of Yili River Street Office and
the low-income families held a discussion meeting: the employment of our area were
not good, almost all of them lived as unskilled labour. We supported your this project,
especially if the problems of the school roads and buses were solved, we would be
every happy. Almost all of us were laid-off workers of enterprises, we also wanted to
144
live depending on own selves, we also want to work, so let us enter into enterprise for
working would solve the problem of our employment. At present we were not in the
central area, so even odd jobs were difficult to get.
The cadres of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township put forward that, the
government could implement award policies to encourage farmers operating
agritainment, investing enterprises, to increase the employment posts.
The secretary of Dongliang Village: after the road was built up, the residents at
the both sides of the road wanted to operate agritainment, it was hoped that it could
give some award funds, even there was only 1000 yuan would be fine, it could show
the supporting of the government, many residents were not really want to get that
1000 yuan money, they wanted to feel that they had the support of the government,
then they would make big investment to enterprises, and the employment problem
would be solved. There had this kind of policies, but at present they had not been
implemented.
The social security for the landless farmers were very important, to pay for old-
age pension was a kind of their security for their future living.
Hu Wanmin (age 53, Hui Nationality) of the Second Group of the Dongliang
Village: hoped to handle endowment insurance, there should have a security in the
future always.
The landless farmer's discussion meeting of the Dongliang Village also put
forward whether it could bring them into the town minimum living range or not, as
they had no land; to provide petty loan with the guarantee of the government to them
to make production.
2.7 The substance and culture resource distribution within the
project area and the impact which might caused by the project
The Yining City owns numerous culture and cultural relics and historic sites,
there are the Liuxing Street, Yili Street, Ayidun Street, and Qianjin Street the 4
historical culture street blocks. In July, 2009, the Yining City was approved as the
"Famous Historical and Cultural City of Autonomous Region". According to the
result of the third time of general cultural relic investigation, in the Yining City, there
are 46 units for preservation of cultural relics in total, of which the country-level key
cultural relics preservation unit is one, the autonomous regional level key cultural
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relics preservation units are 5, the prefectural level cultural relics preservation units
are 6, and the city level key cultural relics preservation units are 34; the non-
removable cultural relics are 9, the historical buildings are 44, and old trees and
famous trees are 107.
One country-level key cultural relics preservation unit:
The Three Regions Revolution Government and Political Culture Event Center,
is located in the people's park of the Yining City. Its east-to-west length is 100 meters,
the south-to-north width is 53 meters, and the covered area is about 5330 square
metres, including the reviewing stand, outdoor theater and stage the three parts. It is
an important historical site and representative building in modern times.
Five autonomous regional level key cultural relics preservation units:
The abandoned Golden Dome Temple site: is situated on a hill at the place being
4.5 kilometers to the northeast suburbs of the Yining City, also under the name
"Guerza Temple". It was built by the Elute Mongolian Junggar Force in the Qing
Dynasty, was the biggest Mongolian Tibetan Buddhism building in the northwest
region at that time, also known as "Guerzadugang". At present the building ruin is
already invisible, only a square stereobate exists, the perimeter is about 700 meters,
and the height is about 3 meters.
The martyr memorial park with the martyr Ahemaitijiang etc.: is located in the
people's park of the Yining City, including the martyrs' mausoleum zone and the
museum the two parts.
The abandoned government site of the Three Regions Revolution: is located in
the yard of the military sub-district at the Jiefang Road, was established in the late
Qing Dynasty. In 1937, it was the headquarters station of the Government Yili Station
and Cultivation Commissioner Office. Now there are four buildings in existing, the
total floor area is 1524 square metres. The main body of the buildings has kept their
natural form to the present.
The Shaanxi Big Masjid: is located at the south side of the East Xinhua Road,
Yining City, and the east side of the municipal people's hospital. with area of 3000
square metres, the architectural composition and style imitated the Huajue Lane
Masjid of Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, being a building with the typical Chinese
traditional pavilion style combining the Arabian ornament style. The big masjid
consists of the gate to masjid, worship hall, east lecture hall, and north lecture hall etc.
the individual buildings.
Baitula masjid minaret: is located at the East Xinhua Road, Yining City. It was
said that it was built in 1773, it was the first masjid built in Yili with the direct
allocation of the Qing Government. The floor area of the masjid is about 1800 square
metres, it consists of the minaret, worship hall, and lecture hall. At present, except the
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minaret, both the worship hall and the lecture hall already were pulled down, at the in-
situ, a modern masjid with moslem architectural style was already built up.
6 Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefectural level cultural relics preservation
units, of which 5 are modern important historical sites and representative
buildings.
Dunmailimaza, is located at the West Xinhua Road, Yining City, being an
ancient tomb of the Qing Dynasty.
An old residence of the Bay (rich man) Tudahong, is located at the No.3, Yili
Street, Yining City, being built in 1931.
The old residence of the Bay (rich man) Taximaimaiti, is located at the No.8,
Lane No.3, Shengli Street, Yining City, being built in 1932.
A former site of the China and Soviet Union civil aviator training contingent, is
located in the Yining airport, being built in 1936.
A former site of the Russia (Soviet Union) consulate in Yili, is located in the Yili
Hotel at the Yingbin Road, Yining City, being built in 1881.
An old residence of Ahemaitijiang at the West Xinhua Road, is located inside
prefectural party school at the West Xinhua Road, Yining City, being built in 1948.
In addition, there are the Huining ancient city wall ruin (located in the Gangou
Village, Bayandai Town), Lin Zexu Memorial Hall (located in the economic
cooperation zone), Han Princess Memorial Hall, Firedrake Hole (situated at the
Xishan mountain of Tiechanggou, Bayandai Township), and Great Yili River Bridge
etc. the places of historic interest and scenic beauty.
With the preliminary investigation of the Social Impact Assessment Group,
along the line no any abovementioned substance and culture resources are involved in
the extension and improvement project road.
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3. Main conclusion and suggestion
3.1 Main conclusion
The project was a urban traffic improvement project, it was involved in the road
extenstion, improvement, and newbuilding, the public transit facility building and
improvement, and enhancement of public transit service and traffic management
staffs. With the investigation and evaluation of the Social Impact Assessment Group,
it was deemed that the assessment of the people influenced by the project on the
public transit condition of the Yining City at present coincided with the problems
which would be solved by the project objectives, for the extension and improvement
roads which were involved in the project, quite a few existed relatively much
problem, and already were listed in the planning for a long time, they had been looked
forward to by the influenced people for a long time. Most of influenced people had
sufficient understanding and were affirmative to the positive influence of the project,
and they expressed supporting the implementation of the project. Nearly half the
influenced people already obtained and knew the project information from different
channels, the village cadres, staffs of grass roots, and religious people etc. of the
project area all expressed that they were willingly to give publicity to the project in
the residents, and coordinate the problems which would probably encountered in the
process of project implementation, to make the project be able to smoothly progress.
For the negative impact of the project, they mainly existed that the land
expropriation and relocation had impact to the production and living of the migrants,
and the project would give inconvenient in a short period to the traffic of the project
area during the project implementation. For impact of the land expropriation and
relocation to the migrants, in addition to the short-term relocation inconvenience,
resettlements difficulty, and compensation negotiating, the bigger influence was the
relocation would make the production and life style of partial migrants changed
involuntarily, including to waive the mode of production with planting and breeding
as main before to be changed into the production with business and trading and doing
works for others as main, and to waive the habitual one-story house any yard
residential life style to move into a storied building unit house. At the same time, the
alleyways and yards landscape of partial area might be changed along with the
expanding of road, accessible traffic, and building of commercial and civil storied
buildings, somehow the characteristics of the area (Yining) city landscape were
reduced. With adequate measures, some negative influences could be reduced.
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3.2 Potential income of the people influenced by the project
The project would improve the whole traffic conditions of the Yining City,
especially the public traffic condition, accordingly improve the traffic environment of
the Yining City, optimize the economic and social development infrastructure of the
city, at time of enhancing the resident outgoing efficiency, increasing the outgoing
convenience, immediacy, and comfort degree, it would also play a promotion role in
the aspects of increasing the residents' development chance, improving the
employment environment, and enhancing the life-quality. Therefore, the whole city
residents all would be the potential beneficiaries of the project. The government of the
city would also become the potential beneficiary for the project promoting the local
economic and social development, at the same time, the traffic management, traffic
safety supervision and control departments of the government would also obtain
preferable working performance for the project being going to enhance the traffic
efficiency and safety, so the government and the relevant departments were the
proponents and active promoters.
In the project area, as the traffic conditions was improved, the project promoted
the improvement of enterprise investment environment, increased the people flow and
logistics quantity, upgraded the tourism service level, thus promoted the local
economic development, increased the job opportunities for the local residents, and
enhanced the income and living standards of the residents.
The residents who lived and worked along the project road line and had higher
road usage ratio would have more apparent benefits, including the outgoing being
more convenient and faster, safe, sanitation, being convenient for patient going to a
doctor, children going to school, and resident doing shopping, and enhancing the life-
quality of residents; for the middle school students and pupils who often went to
school along the project road, due to road widening increasing the safety of outgoing,
bus lines being extended and optimized service, going to school was more convenient;
the public traffic drivers and stewards also were improved their working environment
and increased the safety of travelling for the project.
3.3 The potential negative impacts on the people influenced by the
project
For the apparent negative impacts, the first was the land expropriation and
relocation of the project had impacts to the production and living of the migrant
households, the second was during the period of project implementation, the traffic
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and resident outgoing in partial area should have short term difficulty. In the long run,
the project might change the city landscape.
� Influence of expropriation and relocation
Residents who lived in the project area (including these along the newbuilt and
expanded roads, and at the locations of newbuilt bus stops and public traffic reserved
areas etc.), their cultivated lands, houses, and shop houses etc. were relocated or
expropriated for the project implementation, such as the residents of the Bayandai
Village and the New Village along the the new village road (expanded) of the
development zone, residents of the Wulasi Village, Dadamutu Township who lived
along the Daobeiweiyi Road, and residents of the Hanbin Township along the
newbuilt roads of the stretch of the West Xinhua Road, and the Wuhan Road etc., they
faced land expropriation and relocation. with the several expanded roads in the east
urban district, some residents of 5 villages of the Kaerdun Township were impacted
by the land expropriation and relocation.
For the land expropriation and relocation, it should make compensation and give
security according to the system, at the same time the living and production
environment of migrantion would probably be changed therefore. With cultivated
land reducing, the farming income would be impacted, the mode of production of
partial farmers would be changed; after house relocation, the relocated people would
experience the relocation and resettlements process, for most of people who lived in
the one-story house, when moving in the planning resettlements storied building
houses, their life style and neighborhood relationship might be changed; after being
resettled into a storied building, the living cost would be increased, partial low income
people would bear more heavy economic pressures; after farmers moving in a storied
building, the family livestock breeding and yard economy etc. would be difficult to be
done near, the income from these would probably get reduced; for the ethnic minority
families with many family members and many etiquette and custom activities, when
they moving in a storied building from a one-storey house, the difficulty for them to
adapt to the new life style would be big. The migrants would have a transition period
to adapt the new changes.
For the shop houses along the line of the project which faced being relocated, the
employment and income of the working personnel of the shops might be impacted for
the relocation, such as the villages of the Huaguoshan Village and Dongliang Village
of the Kaerdun Township. Due to the scale of shops along the line of the project being
relatively small, and the land expropriation for expanding roads was limited, the
influenced relevant people were very few.
For the small self-employed individual business households who rented houses
at the side of roads for operating in the project area, if the rented shop houses were
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relocated, the operators who rented houses for operating would obtain relatively less
business compensation.
� Influence of the project construction period
The influenced people were mainly the residents who lived in the project area
and the nearby area, the project implementation would make outgoing inconvenient
and stop-and-go traffic etc.�and as well as noise and dust etc. the environmental
impacts, and the large size construction vehicles would bring about potential safety
hazard.
During the construction period, the personnel coming and going and goods
getting in-and-out etc. of the units, enterprises, and business households in the project
area would be impacted, for the operation of business households, they would be
influenced probably for the customer flow reducing.
As the most of the improved, expanded, and newbuilt project roads were at the
old suburbs of the east urban area and the development zone etc. where the population
density was relatively low or at the urban and rural connecting areas�there roads
which were involved in urban areas were mainly the stretch of the Guangming Street
and the No.11 Community roads, basically they all did not belong to traffic main
arteries of the urban areas, the influenced areas and people were relatively limited.
Furthermore, the construction period only had short-term influence, when the
construction work was completed, these kinds of negative impact would get
eliminated, in return it would be apparent improvement of traffic enviroment,
basically the people who are influenced most would also be the people who had the
most benefits, therefore these influenced people generally expressed that they could
accept these influences.
� Impact on the city landscapes
In the long run, along with the road expanding, accessible traffic, and building of
the commercial and civil storied building groups, the alleyways and yards landscapes
of partial areas might be changed, somehow it would reduce the characteristic urban
architecture and cultural landscape of the Yining City. Of course, the range of the
urban areas involved in the project was relatively small, they were mainly the linking
area of city and township in the city suburb, the project would impact the city
landscape limited after all. But in the project design and implementation, it should pay
attention to keeping and developing the alleyways and yards city landscape with rich
folk features of the Yining City as much as possible, and it was also hoped that in the
future development the Yining City should pay more attention to this.
In general, the project had large positive influence, the people who were
benefited were broadly, the passive impacts mainly was to the partial residents who
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were expropriated and relocated in the project area, and partial people near the project
area who might be influenced for the project construction.
3.4 Measures to reduce the negative impacts
3.4.1For the project the influenced people enjoyed the right to know, right to
participate in, and right to supervise
The right to know for the influenced people to the project included to know the
project and to know the negative impacts which might be caused by the project
probably and the preparation for the project in advance. The adequate knowing would
make the influenced people preferably coordinate and effectively participate in the
project implementation, to make the negative impact being reduced down to
minimum. The social assessment and investigation itself was just a effective activity
to increase the influenced people knowing the project and participating in the project.
Through investigation, it was to reflect in concentrate the opinions of the influenced
people in the social assessment report (SA), and eventually to be implemented in the
migrant resettlements action planning (RAP) and ethnic minority development
planning (EMDP).
� Through the news medias of television, newspapers, and broadcasting etc., and as
well as the publicity by the grass roots cadres, it was to strengthen the influenced
people knowing the project and coordinating the project. Especially for the
negative impacts which might be caused by the project, it should furthermore
make publicity in a planned and stepped way in advance, to make the influenced
people do well advance preparation, such as the migrant relocation and
resettlements problems, and possible impacts of the road expanding on the
business households at the roadside.
� The compensation standards for the land expropriation and relocation were open
and transparent, and were informed in advance, the project office was responsible
for negotiating the relevant matters concerned with the migrant relocation,
compensation, resettlements, transition of relocation, and employment etc..
� Before road construction, it should do well the works on the publicity and public
opinions, to make the organizations and individuals their traffic were directly
influenced, especially for the school, hospital, and sites for religious activities, to
obtain the correct information as early as possible and do well the corresponding
preparation.
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� In the construction period, the adjustment to the bus lines should be done in
advance, and it should make detailed informing, to decrease the impacts to
outgoing of the residents by buses.
The influenced people participated in the project, including participating in
project design, project implementation, and project assessment. As the influenced
people often were in dispersing and passive position, were lack of activeness to
participate in the project and were lack of ways to participating in the project, it
needed the project party to provide the chances and platform for participating in
through multi forms, such as social assessment activity, regular discussion
meeting with the influenced people, and arranging project liaison man for the
villages and communities etc..
� In the project design, such as the expanded width and strike direction of the
roads, the public effective participating in would make the project meet the actual
demand even more; for the aspects of traffic management and road safety
engineering, full understanding the opinions of the influenced people would be
good to optimize the traffic signs and marks and facilities.
� For participating in the project construction, it included participating in the
building of the project through the forms of labour service and machinery. During
the course of participating in, at the same time the influenced people got the
working remuneration, they also could express they supported the project, and it
could increase their understanding to the project. To realize this kind of
participating in, it needed the government and all classes of organizations in the
project area actively did coordination and promotion, and the construction party
gave active responses to the participating in demand of the local residents.
The effective right of supervision of the influenced people was the necessary
guarantee for the project to be implemented according to schedule.
� The influenced people had the right to supervise the justice and fairness of the
asset appraisal and the condition of compensation money being paid in time and
full in the process of expropriation and relocation of land and houses; had the
right to supervise the condition of building of the resettlements security houses
and the preparation of transition houses; and had the right to supervise the
implementation condition of the employment policies. If the people influenced by
the land expropriation and relocation (migrants) were not satisfied with the
expropriation and relocation scheme and the compensation standards, they could
initiate an administrative reconsideration or administrative proceedings in turn to
the village committee/community resident’s committee → village and town
governments/ street office → Land and Resources Bureau of the Yining City/
relocation office according to the corresponding satisfaction degrees of
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settlement and explanation. It should inform the migrants the appeal ways and the
detailed information of accepting and hearing agencies in forms of meetings,
notices, information booklets etc..
� It was advisable to set up a hot line call for public participating in, and make the
road construction information known to the public through media and different
kinds of publicity boards at the construction site. It should notify the suggestion
and opinions of supervision of mass to the relevant leaders and the departments
concerned. The hot line call should be 24 hours a day on duty, and establish strict
recording, reporting and feeding back system.
3.4.2 About land expropriation and relocation and migrant resettlements
� The compensation for relocation should be carried out adopting mode of
negotiation and consultation openly and justly with the relocated households
in the project office.
To uniform the compensation standards, and make publicity in advance, giving a
great deal of publicity, and informing, making the compensation standards open and
transparent.
When measuring relocation and calculating compensation, it should make full
negotiation with the influenced people.
To issue the consideration money directly to the relocated people, avoiding the
consideration money being intercepted or misappropriated in the intermediate process.
� To insist on the principle of resettlements first and then relocation, to
guarantee the relocated residents could be smoothly resettled.
The resettlements houses should be built in advance, or be built up in the
transition period of relocation, to make the relocated people be able to live in the
resettlements houses as soon as possible.
If the resettlements houses still could not be built up when doing relocation, it
should inform clearly and definitely the relocated people the relevant information of
the location of the resettlements houses and the date of handing over etc., to make the
residents be able to wait securely.
If the resettlements houses were delayed in completion, the rental costs of
transition houses for the relocated people should be made up; the rental allowance for
the transition houses shall be enhanced with the enhancement of the market house
renting prices.
� It should respect the right of option for the compensation and resettlements,
and provide convenience for the influenced people who were willingly to
select the residential district newly by themselves.
The migrants could select the forms of money compensation or housing
compensation by themselves. For the household they were not willingly to select
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storied building houses as resettlements houses in deed, it allowed them to carry out
resettlement at other place voluntarily after obtaining the money compensation.
When doing relocation, based on meeting the project planning, it should respect
the willingness of the influenced people, to decide the relocated yard and house to be
pull down fully or maintain part through consultation, and provide corresponding
compensation according to the condition of relocation. It should make reasonable
replacing based on negotiation.
It should respect the right of selection of the migrants to the resettlements place,
to provide convenience for them to select new residential neighbourhood and keep the
social relations before relocation.
� It should justly compensate the relocated enterprises and business
households, if rebuilding in other place was needed, it should provide
corresponding help, and certain support.
It should justly compensate the relocated shop houses and enterprises.
For operators who used or rented shop houses for operating, it should provide the
qualification of priority selection for the shop houses in the newbuilt markets, and
give certain supports or privileges for purchasing or renting shop houses.
For the enterprises which were influenced by the relocation, if rebuilding in other
place was needed, the local government should provide corresponding help in the
aspect of site selection.
� For poor households who lived in penury the relocation and resettlements
should guarantee their basic living.
For poor households who lived in penury, their income level were low, the
former housing condition was relatively poor in general, both relocation and
resettlements had certain difficulty. For the weak groups like this, no matter how
small the former property right housing area was, and how poor the quality was, for
compensation and resettlements, it should make them enjoy the corresponding money
compensation or resettlements house according to the standard not being lower than
the minimum dwelling size in the resettlements community. The price differential of
the compensation price for the former house and the price of the minimum dwelling
house in the resettlements community should be paid by the project owner.
� To enlarge employment channel, and guarantee the income level and living
standards of the landless farmers and relocated farmers.
It should adopt multi measures to promote the employment of landless farmers,
including to build all classes of markets, set up breeding base and facility agriculture,
strengthen employment training, and provide employment information etc.. To
implement all classes of preferential policies to the landless farmers, such as petty
loan, to encourage them to do pioneering work themselves.
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At present, an important mode of the Yining City settling the living and problem
of employment was to set up markets, to encourage landless farmers purchasing shop
houses (with cost price), but the low-income family still faced purchasing difficulty
due to fund shortage. It could adopt multi ways of low-interest loan and installment
payment etc. to settle their fund problems.
To support and encourage young persons to enter in all classes of enterprises for
working, and provide multi professional skill training and language training for them,
and provide enterprise recruitment information, to make them be able to adapt to the
work requirements of the enterprises.
� To complete social security measures to make the landless farmers have
old-age support.
To make broadly publicity to the landless farmer social security policies, expand
the security range, and achieve sufficient security range possibly.
To guarantee the social security fund of the landless farmers being in place in full
amount. For the people who met the old-age pension collection condition, it should
pay them their old-age pension on time and in full amount, this would not only
guarantee the old people's living and their benefits, but also would play an
demonstration effect for the young people to pay the endowment insurance on time.
3.4.3 About project implementation
� Before implementation of the project, it should do well and sufficient
preparation work.
It should repair the water supply and drain pipes and the heating pipes along with
the roads as possible, to avoid repeat cutting roads.
Before construction of the project, it should do well the informing work to the
influenced people, to make the householders and business households be able to do
preparation in advance.
� During the construction period, based on the guaranteed quality, it should
speed up the construction schedule and reduce the impacts to the outgoing of
residents.
For the inconvenience brought about to outgoing possibly in the road building
period, the influenced people expressed they could understand, but they hoped the
construction period should be shortened as much as possible, and it should repair by
segments to avoid cutting simultaneously, thus to reduce the construction work
influencing the urban traffic and resident outgoing.
In the construction period, it should pay attention to the resident’s outgoing
safety, especially safety of the children's going to school. There were several middle
and elementary schools along the project roads (the Yining City No.14 Middle
School, Huichang Middle School, Yifu Elementary School, and Experiment
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Elementary School etc.), in the construction period, it should maintain the relief
passage for the students going to the school, and guarantee the school buses going out
and in, or it would set the construction period in the summer vacation period, thus to
reduce the possible threatening to the safe outgoing of the children.
� To pay attention to environment protection in construction period.
In the construction period, it should pay attention to the environment protection
and avoid damaging the roadside forest belts.
There was a wetland near the stretch of the Dongliang Street within the area
under administration of the Dongliang Village, Kaerdun Township (to see the diagram
2 - 2 Resident and Farmer Distribution Diagram of Dongliang Street of Kaerdun
Township), at present the condition of protection was not good, some people dumped
their rubbish there. For this project, it should avoid dumping spoil and as well as
sandstone material etc. the building materials or discarding the living garbage here.
� In construction period, it should employ the local labor force to participate
in building, including recruitment in aspects of production, service, and
security personnel.
3.5 About suggestion on project scheme
� To do scientific demonstration in planning and design for that it was to
expand the road at the left side or the right side of the road axis, it should be
prudent in dealing, to reduce the relocation quantity as much as possible,
and decrease the impact to resident, at the same time it also could reduce the
migrant resettlements cost.
There were partial section of roads having large quantity of relocation, it
suggested that it should make detailed investigation and demonstration for expanding
the width of the roads at the left side or the right side of the road axis, and make
rational readjustment based on the allowable road design. If it was able to reduce the
relocation quantity especially for the relocation of relatively sensitive building
through adjusting the strike direction of the road section, for reducing the negative
impacts caused by the road building, and strengthening the positive effect of the road
building, it would bring about good social benefits and as well as economic benefits.
� The road planning width should meet the actual demand, especially for the
concentrated residence area and the roadside thick tree area, it should
maintain the style and landscape of the original street.
The aim of road improvement and extension was to provide safety and
convenience for people and vehicle passing, at the time of realizing the planning
objective, it should avoid pursuing an over-wide road which went beyond the actual
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demand, and it should be vigilance to the logos of building boulevard for political
government achievements or city image. For the non-key motor roads which passed
the concentrated residence area, it should be mainly to satisfy the people going and
public traffic; for the thick roadside forest belt area at the city suburb, it also should
reduce the damage to the forest belt by the road expanding as possible.
� To enhance the road safety.
It was hoped that the driveway and footway could be separated after extension
and improvement of roads, and it should set up pedestrian way, to increase the safety
of the road. To arrange green belts at both sides of roads, such as to set up green belts
at the both sides of the Tianjin Road.
To reasonably set up passing facilities, and arrange clear traffic guide signs. To
arrange reducing unit at the sensitive section of road at the front of the school gate
etc.. To arrange traffic lights at the road junction of the stretch of the Haibei Road.
To strengthen foot passenger safety education and administration, let foot
passengers develop good outgoing and riding habit.
The section of road which passed the residential area should arrange street lamps
and it should guarantee the lamps be able to give illumination.
� To solve well the road water drainage problem and the sanitation
environmental problem.
It was reflected that the water drainage of the road sections of the Tianjin Road
and East Xinhua Road were not good, in the building of relevant roads, it should solve
the problem of the water drainage being not smooth.
For the road section with much resident outgoing, it should arrange refuse boxes,
and do regular cleaning, to guarantee the environmental hygiene of road .
� After road being built up, it should strengthen the road administration.
After road being built up, all classes of traffic management facilities should be
matched and completed soon. In the past, for some section of road, after improvement
and extension, the road condition got better, and the vehicle speeds were increased,
but the safety was not increased; the area got popular and business operation
increased, but the speed did not have apparent enhancement, so it should strengthen
management even more. For partial sections of the roads involved in the project,
trucks for carrying sandstone and coal were many, it should strengthen monitoring
and administration to vehicle overload and overspeed, arrange appropriate speed limit
signs, install speed detector, and strengthen road supervision and control.
� To expand bus covering area, increase bus station building, improve public
traffic service attitude, and improve the working environment of the public
traffic service personnel.
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To enhance the public traffic covering area, especially to cover the periphery
villages. It was put forward that it should build bus stop at the Bayandai Village for
No.11 bus, and it was hoped that for important bus lines they all should build bus stop
at the Bayandai Village.
To improve the public traffic service attiude, to set systematism requirements for
the public traffic drivers and stewards, and to guarantee the implementation of
treatment of old people enjoying free riding.
To improve the working environment of the public traffic drivers and stewards.
To provide rest area for the public traffic drivers and stewards, especially the rest
areas with heating in winter, and solve the problem of toileting during the time on
duty. To improve the existing condition of job time being long and income being low
for the public traffic drivers and stewards.
3.6 About suggestion of ethnic minorities
The project area was with ethnic minority population as main, in the ethnic
minorities, the most were Uygur, the Hui nationality and the Kazak nationality came
the next. In the process of project implementation, for the ethnic minority residents, it
should pay special attention to their demands in the aspects of culture and custom etc..
� It should respect the right of selection of the expropriated and relocated
ethnic minority residents to the resettlements mode, to actively maintain the
street block culture characteristics of the Yining City.
The most characteristics of the Yining City area were all classes of diverse and
fine folk house buildings, and the culture and custom of alleyways, which were with
the Uygur court yard building as the representative, the Uygur residents' life style and
social intercourse mode were in accordance with this kinds of folk houses. At the
same time, this was also a big advantage for the Yining City to develop the cultural
tourism. The residents of the Yining City, especially the Uygur residents, were
accustomed to traditional yard living. It was hoped that the project road building
should reduce the house relocation quantity as much as possible. For inevitable
relocation places, it should respect the selection of the expropriated and relocated
residents to the resettlements modes.
In the social impact assessment and investigation, the most of influenced Uygur
families expressed that if their houses were expropriated and relocated, they hoped it
could provide house site for them to build one-story house and they were not willingly
to live in the concentrated resettlements storied building. The relevant departments of
the municipal government and the project villages' and towns' governments expressed
that, due to fast urban development in the last few years, the suburban houses and
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cultivated land expropriation and relocation quantity were relatively large, the city
suburb land was in short supply, it was impossible to satisfy generally the willingness
to live in one-story houses for all expropriated and relocated people (migrants), the
migrants could select the resettlements storied building houses or the money
compensation the two modes, for the people who were willingly to live in one-story
houses, they could buy land to build houses through the mode of money
compensation.
To give full right to select the resettlements mode for migrants included the
following points:
(1) To fully know the opinions and demands on the resettlements modes of the
migrants;
(2) If it was a storied building resettlements, for the aspects of the location and
house types etc. of the resettlements houses, it should solicit the opinions of the
migrants, and take care of the habits and customs of ethnic minorities, to reduce
the living inconvenience and adaptation difficulty caused by changing dwelling
mode for them;
(3) If it was money compensation, the compensation should be able to guarantee
the cost for purchasing house site and rebuilding the corresponding area of
house in other place or purchasing old house for living, to make their rebuilding
(living) in other place be possible.
� Construction workers should respect the custom and habit of ethnic
minorities.
The nationalities of the Uygur, Kazak, and Hui had their own unique habits in
life style, they especially attached importance to the Moslem food and drink (avoid
pig and pork) and clean water. It was advisable that the project unit should do general
nationality custom and habit knowledge education to the construction workers,
especially the Han nationality construction workers etc. they were not the non Muslim
nationalities, to require them to respect the local ethnic minorities' habits, and pay
attention to the food and drink environment and the drinking water sanitation, pay
attention to household garbage treatment, avoid uncovering upper body in the ethnic
minorities' residential area, and avoid causing dissatisfaction of the local ethnic
minorities mass.
It should pay special attention to not entering into and trampling Muslim
graveyard (the Laoyi Road), especially it could not relieve the bowels at the graveyard
and the near places. In the construction period, it should provide safeguard to the
graveyard, to avoid causing contradiction and dispute for ignorance or inadvertency.
� In the construction period, it should pay attention to the safety facilities of
the roads near the residential areas and masjids.
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At the roadside along the project roads, the roads passed the residential areas (the
most were with the ethnic minorities population as main) at several places, and there
were several masjids, Some aged people walked several times to the masjid for
worship everyday, of which for the twice times in morning and evening, the day
might be dark, in Friday, the religious people who went to masjid for worship were
many. In the road construction period, it should pay attention to safety work, to set
aside pedestrian passageways, arrange corresponding lighting facilities, arrange guard
rails, or speed up construction progress near the masjid and resident concentrated
districts, to reduce the impacts to outgoing of residents.
� The road and road building caution signs should adopt simple and definite
symbol as possible, lettering tips and project bulletin etc. all should use
Uygur and Chinese the two kinds of lettering
� To actively promote employment of ethnic minorities landless farmers
As ethnic minorities landless farmers were limited by their education degree, and
Chinese language capacity etc., the employment difficulty was big; the family
members were many, and bringing up burden was heavy, it should attach even more
importance to their problem of employment.
In the employment training, it should increase the training and teaching materials
in ethnic minorities' languages, pay attention to the practice courses, to enhance their
grasping and absorption degree to the training knowledge, at the same time to
strengthen their Chinese language capacity training. The training contents should
exert their traditional folk restaurant line, traditional folk handicraft article production,
business and trade logistics, and songs and dances etc., to make them gear the
learning to practical use. At the same time, it should also actively encourage
enterprises to recruit ethnic minorities workers, and implement the corresponding
policy supporting in aspects of recruitment and training.
For ethnic minorities landless farmers approaching markets, doing the pioneering
work by self, it should provide corresponding support and service, such as petty loan
and technical service etc..
To actively develop the ethnic minorities restaurant lines, and set up the Hui
Nationality snack street and Uygur foods and drinks plaza etc., it should create
famous brands of catering industry of the Yining City, to exert local culture
advantage, create employment for ethnic minorities landless farmers, and promote the
development of tourism industry of the Yining City.