SOCIAL CONTROL, CRIME AND DEVIAMCE

Chapter outline• Definition, types and essentials of social control• Definition, types and essentials of deviance• Definition, types and essentials of crime• Difference between crime and deviance• Causes of crime and deviance• Theoretical grounds of crime and deviance

Definition, types and essentials of social control

Social ControlTechniques and strategies are employed for preventing

deviant human behavior in any society is called social control

Takes place at three levels:1. Self-control, we police ourselves.2. Informal controls, our friends reward conformity

and punish nonconformity.3. Formal controls, the state or authorities

discourage nonconformity.Conformity and Obedience

– Conformity: going along with peers who have no special right to direct behavior

– Obedience: compliance with higher authorities in an hierarchical structure

Positive sanctions

• Positive sanction: An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior

• Examples include: a teacher giving good grades, cheers from teammates

Formal sanctions

• Formal sanction: A reward or punishment given by a formal organization or regulatory agency

• Examples include: schools giving high or low grades, a business giving a raise or firing a worker

Negative sanctions

• Negative sanction: A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity.

• Examples include: a parking ticket, ridicule

Informal sanctions

• Informal sanction: A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group

• Examples include: standing ovations, gossip

Sanctions: Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm

Definition, types and essentials of social deviance

• Deviance- the violation of social norms. It can It can range from criminal behavior (generally range from criminal behavior (generally accepted) to wearing heavy makeup (deviant accepted) to wearing heavy makeup (deviant only to certain segment). Deviance may be only to certain segment). Deviance may be positive or negative.positive or negative.

• Stigma- the disapproval attached to disobeying the expected norms

• Crime- the forms of deviance in which formal penalties are imposed by the society

• We are all deviant at some time or another and in some places