social development. what is social development? involves the ways in which infants and children...
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Social DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentSocial Development
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What is Social development?
•Involves the ways in which infants and children relate to each other.
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Social DevelopmentIncludes• Attachment• Parenting• Self-esteem
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Attachment• Emotional ties that form between
people.• Essential to survival especially
infants
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Stranger Anxiety• A fear of
strangers• About 8 months
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Separation Anxiety• Causes infants
to cry or behave in ways of distress if their mother or primary caregiver leaves them.
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Contact Comfort• Remember Harry Harlow?• The instinctual need to touch and
be touched by something soft. • Harlow concluded the need for
contact is stronger than the need for food.
• Gives a sense of security
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Imprinting• The process by which some animals
form immediate attachments during a critical period.
• Konrad Lorenz acquired a family of goslings because he was present at birth and he was the first moving object they saw.
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Secure Attachment• Primary caregivers are
affectionate, reliable• Children are happier, friendlier and
get along better with others• Less likely to misbehave
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Insecure attachment• Caregivers are unresponsive and
unreliable• Children are less cooperative• Little or no effort to make contact
with caregivers
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Vs.
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Styles of Parenting
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Strict
Warm
Permissive
ColdMost Paren
ts
Demanding
Possessive
Controlling
Dictatorial
Supportive
protective
affectionate
flexible
caring
Neglecting
indifferent
careless
detached
Lenient
democratic
inconsistent
overindulgent
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Authoritative• Means with authority• Warm with positive kinds of
strictness• Children usually are more
independent, and higher self esteem
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Authoritarian• Favoring unquestionable
obedience• Parents often are rejecting and
cold• Children may be less friendly, and
do not do as well in school.
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Self Esteem• Value or worth people place on
themselves• Protects people from stress and
struggles with life• Authoritative parents• Secure attachment
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Unconditional Positive Regard
• Parents love and accept children for who they are-no matter how they behave
• High self esteem
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Conditional Positive Regard
• Parents show their love only when children behave in certain acceptable ways
• Low self esteem• Continue to seek approval from
others.
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Gender & Self-esteem• Ages 5-7, children value
themselves based on physical appearance and performance in school
• Self-fulfilling prophecy-live up to the expectation
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Age and Self-esteem• Declines during elementary school• Lowest at 12-13• How they see themselves is not
how others may see them• Compare themselves to their
peers