Social & Religious LifeChapter #7:iii

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 222.]

During the early-1800s America became a mobile society.

[Image source: http://www.rootsweb.com/~q

uakers/migration.htm]

People were constantly moving from place to place.

[Image source: http://www.nps.gov/mopi/]

People were able to move upward in

society from one social

class to another.

[Image source: http://www.npg.org.uk/search/portrait.asp?LinkID=mp07409&rNo=0&role=art]

There were two major effects of social mobility:

[Image source: http://www.nyhistory.org/genre/genhis4.html]

Land was readily available in the West, where society placed no

limits on one’s success, and . . .

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 203.]

. . . people had to learn new social skills as they mingled with strangers.

[Image source: Eyes of the Nation, page 77.]

Dueling became a popular way for men to resolve disputes of honour that

occurred among strangers.[Image source: http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/dueling/2.html]

Andrew Jackson had a reputation for defending his

honour through dueling.

[Image source: http://www.adena.com/adena/usa/hs/hs23.htm]

Probably the most famous duel in American history occurred

between Vice President Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton.

[Image source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/peopleevents/index.html]

Yousmellbad!

Your motherwears army boots!

Moralizing novels, such as

Susanna Haswell Rowson’s

Charlotte Temple, were a popular way for women

to evaluate future marriage

partners.

[Image source: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/eaf/authors/secon

d/shr.html]

Women became increasingly cautious about marriage,

preferring a long courtship.

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 218.]

Second Great Awakening

The 1790 census showed that only one out of ten Americans

was a member of a church!

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 220.]

The Second Great Awakening was an evangelical movement among Protestant Christians.

[Image source: Eyes of the Nation, page 102.]

A Christian religious movement is evangelical when

it stresses three main ideas:

#1Scripture is

the final authority.

#2Salvation

only through a personal

belief in Jesus Christ as the

Saviour.[Image source: http://members.aol.com/jesus316/]

#3People demonstrate their new

faith by performing good deeds. (“Witnessing for Christ”)

Evangelicals generally stressed the importance of the congregation, or

the people of the church.

[Image source: http://people.history.ohio-state.edu/masur1/Social%20Reforms/sld008.htm]

Camp meetings, or revivals, where people were brought back to a

religious life, were very popular.

[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 219.]

Many Evangelicals became prominent in the temperance movement.

[Image source: http://people.history.ohio-state.edu/masur1/Social%20Reforms/sld006.htm]

Other Evangelicals became involved in the Abolitionist movement.

[Image source: http://www.nyhistory.org/genre/genhis7.html]

The Second Great Awakening resulted in a number of new denominations.

[Image source: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/vc006705.jpg]

Baptists

[Image source: http://www.bgcworld.org/intro/howwegrew/baptists.jpg]

[Image source: http://www.adherents.com/maps/map_us_sbc.jpg]

Methodists

Methodism grew out of the beliefs of British minister

John Wesley

[Image source: http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data1/dg/methodist/jw1.gif]

In 1794, Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason stated that all churches were “set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit.”

Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin were Deists. They believed that: 1. reason and science were the ultimate truths, not the Bible. 2. God was real, but stayed out of man’s affairs. 3. God created everything, but simply set it in motion rather than micro-managing it.

Out of this system of belief came the Unitarian faith, which believed: 1. Jesus was not the son of God. God only existed in one person. 2. Man is inherently good. 3. Good works could earn salvation.

This appealed to intellectuals who wanted to believe that they had control over their fate. Yet it contrasted sharply with Calvinism which stressed control by God in predestination. Many Americans saw these liberal trends as heresy.

Mormons

Joseph Smith

[Image source: Microsoft Encarta]

[Image source: http://www.rootsweb.com/~nwa/nauvoo.jpg]

The death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith.

[Image source: Eyes of the Nation, page 105.]

Millennialists

Several groups predicted Christ’s second coming. William Miller

predicted that He would return on October 22, 1844, so Miller and his followers put on their go-to-meetin’

clothes to meet their Redeemer. They fully anticipated leaving earth,

so they had sold everything.

Wait! I forgot my

toothbrush!

Others anticipated a Millenial Reign by Christ on earth. They were called Millenialists. They believed that if everyone were “saved” then the Lord would return and rule for 1000 years.

In a stranger story, Jonathan Noyes started a communal society in

Oneida, NY in which all citizens practices a “complex marriage.”

Mr. Baker will explain...

Different social classes were drawn to different denominations:

Rich: Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Unitarians.

Poor: Methodists, Baptists.

Why?

• http://people.history.ohio-state.edu/masur1/Social%20Reforms/sld007.htm

Women in the Second Great Awakening

Jarena Lee, an African

American, frequently

preached to congregations in the Philadelphia

area.[Image source:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h91.html]

Women like Juliann Jane

Tillman became

prominent in the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

[Image source: Eyes of the Nation, page 104.]

Spirituals

Timothy Dwight

[Image source: http://www.med.yale.edu/library/exhibits/yalemed1/dwightweb.jpg]

Many Utopian communities were created during this time.

New Harmony, IN was one. Everyone was supposed to live in

peace and work hard. Instead, everyone hoped that everyone else would work hard and nothing got done. The Shakers were another.

Shakers

Many people came to believe that there could be no real

religious meaning if there was no effect on society. New

causes were taken up like free education, mental institution

reform, schools for the deaf, and an effort to end war.

Several social movements grew out of the 2nd Great Awakening:

1. Temperance (against drinking). 2. Abolition (against slavery). 3. Prison reform. 4. Women’s rights.

1791 Sermon against slavery-J.Edwards Jr.