SOCIAL SYSTEM IN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Prepared by:Dr. Mohd. Shahadt Hossain MahmudDirector (Joint Secretary)Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM)Email: mahmud5212@yahoo.com

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Key Concepts of Discussion

Society, System, Social system Organization, Culture, Orgnl culture Organization culture profile Types of Organizational culture Elements of Organizational Culture Creating organizational culture Organizational values Organizational structures & analysis

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Society, System, Social system

Society is a grouping of individuals which are united by a network of social relations, traditions and may have distinctive culture and institutions.

System is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.

Social system is the patterned series of interrelationships existing between individuals, groups, and institutions and forming a coherent whole.

SOCIETY: A BONDAGE

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY

came from Latin word societas means comrade/ friend/ally

used to describe interaction between parties that are friendly or at least civil

refer to the entirety of humanity (those who are unfriendly or uncivil are deemed as antisocial)

feelings of belongingness (rights/ownership/possession)

sharing of peace and sorrow (cooperation/sympathy)

norms, values, cohesion (ethics, morals, unity )

SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEMmeans "something to look at“refer to a set of rulesgoverns structure and/or behaviorcomplex contextcommon characteristics in structure, behavior, interconnectivity.

SOCIAL SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM complex set of human relationships group is a subsystem within larger

groups system includes people and their inter-

relationships inter-relationships between individuals,

groups, institutions theory formulated by Talcott Parsons Talcott Parsons was an American

sociologist

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Organization, Culture, Orgl. culture

Organization is an entity, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.

Culture is defined as the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts

Organizational culture is the behavior of humans within an organization and the meaning that people attach to those behaviors.

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ORGANIZATION

derived from organon means "organ“ entity, such as an institution or an association has collective goal & linked to external

environment ingredients are people, process, culture, structure classified as formal and informal variety of types, viz. corporations, govt, NGOs,

international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, cooperatives, universities, political organizations.

CULTURE

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CULTURE

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CULTURE

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CULTURE

derived from "colere" means “cultivation & nurture”

defined as the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people

defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts

includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."

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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

behavior of humans within an organization represents the collective values, beliefs

and principles of organizational members includes the organization's vision, values,

norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits

is a set of shared assumptions that guide what happens in organizations by defining appropriate behavior for various situations

ORGANIZATION CULTURE PROFILE

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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE PROFILE

Organizational culture is values and norms shared by people and groups in an organization & it controls the ways to interact with each other & stakeholders outside the organization. Organizational culture profile includes:

Innovation / Risk Taking Detail Oriented/ Attention to Detail Team Orientation People Orientation/Individual Autonomy Stable/ Stability Outcome Orientation Aggressive/ Aggressiveness

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Types of Organizational culture

Gerard Hendrik Hofstede 5 dimensions O’Reilly al & Denison 4 dimensions Deal and Kennedy 4 Types Edgar Schein 3 levels Gerry Johnson 7 elements Schein 5 factors Stanley G. Harris 5 categories Charles Handy 4 types Kim Cameron and Robert Quinn 4 types Robert A. Cooke 2 types

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Types of Organizational culture contd..

6 types apart from the 10 schools Bullying culture Culture of fear Personal culture Corporate culture National culture Tribal culture

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CREATING STRONG ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE (contd.) Rituals Openness, Communication, and

Supervision Market and Customer Orientation Excitement, Pride, and esprit de corps Commitment

Process of Organizational Culture

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Building Blocks of Organizational Culture

Characteristics of people within the organization

Organizational ethics

Employment relationship

Organizational structure

National culture

What are Organizational Values? Guiding principles

behaviors, events, situations, and outcomes are desirable or undesirable

Types Terminal

Instrumental

Terminal Values vs. Instrumental Values

Terminal Values signify the objectives of the life of a person – the ultimate things the person wants to achieve through his or her behaviour (the destination he wants to reach in life)

whereas Instrumental Values indicate the methods an individual would like to adopt for achieving his life’s aim (the path he would like to take to reach his destination).

Terminal and Instrumental Values

Terminal Quality Responsibility Innovativeness Excellence Economy Morality Profitability

Instrumental Working hard Respecting traditions Respecting authority

Being conservative

Being frugal

Being creative

Being honest

Terminal and Instrumental Values

Organizational Values

Terminal Values

InstrumentalValues

Specific norms, rules, and SOPs

Ways of Transmitting Organizational Culture

Employees learn

through:

Formal socialization practices

Signs, symbols, stories

Ceremonial Ritesand

Ceremonies

The organizational

language

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Organizational structures

It defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. 4 types according to management science:

Committees or juries Ecologies Matrix organizations Pyramids or hierarchies

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Organizational analysis

Referred as organizational structure/studies/behaviour. Influential theories are:

Activity theory Actor–network theory Complexity theory and organizations Contingency theory Critical management studies Economic sociology Enterprise architecture Garbage Can Model Principal–agent problem Scientific management Social entrepreneurship Transaction cost theory Weber's Ideal of Bureaucracy