Sociolinguistics Concepts, cont.

Recipient design It is the language user’s aim to communicate effectively, taking into consideration the person who is receiving the utterance

Accommodation This refers to the way in which speakers tend to change their speech styles when talking to others.

Face It is the social role that you present to the world. The reputation of a person in society

Negative face It is the desire to do things the way you want to do them

Positive face It is the desire to feel identified with the community

Face threatening act It refers to a change of face from the speaker due to an action that goes against the receptor’s desires

Phatic tokens Parts of conversation that have a social function and are not really based on content but on initiative

Neutral token It refers to the context of a situation

Other-oriented token It is personal to the addressee

Self-oriented token It refers to personal expressions

Tag-switching Switching between languages in a word or tag word because the speaker has a lack of vocabulary

Intersentential switch It isa switch in language after a pause, and a topic change

Intrasentential switch There is a switch within the sentence or clause

Dense social networkWhen people in a group are all linked to each other and know each other

Multiplex social networkWhen people in a group are related but not directly

Metonymy A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated

= Royalty

Euphemism It is a word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive for the society

MetaphorIt’s figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable for suggesting a resemblance