soft ground tunneling w boring machines 1-20-09 · pdf file¾replaced the use of...
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![Page 1: Soft Ground Tunneling w Boring Machines 1-20-09 · PDF file¾Replaced the use of compressed air ... force while installing the tunnel support. ... Earth Pressure Balance Machines](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030506/5ab412d17f8b9a1a048b8f3f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Soft Ground Tunneling with Tunnel Boring MachinesJan 2009
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Hezekiahs Tunnel
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Brunel’s Shield
1825
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St. Clair River Tunnel
1880
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Soft Ground TBMCirca 1930’s
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CLOSED FACE TBMsCLOSED FACE TBMs
For use in poor ground conditions, sands,silts, soft clays below the water tableReplaced the use of compressed air Controls the ground and protect the workforce while installing the tunnel support.Two main types:
SlurryEarth Pressure Balance
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Slurry Machines
Slurry Machines were initiated by John Bartlett’s patent of 1964Developed for use in soft groundMainly used in granular materials below the water tableFace supported by a mixture of excavated material and bentonite slurryExcavated material transported in a slurry pipelineSeparation plant required
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Slurry Machine Circuit
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Cairo Slurry Machine
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Elbe Tunnel 14.2m Slurry MachineElbe Tunnel 14.2m Slurry Machine
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Separation Plant Separation Plant
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Earth Pressure Balance Machines
Developed by Japanese in mid 1970’sNeeded to broaden the range of applicable ground conditionsMuch simpler than the Slurry MachineFace supported by conditioned excavated materialExcavated material removed from the face with a screw conveyor and transported by train or conveyor.Has to some extent replaced the use of Slurry Machines
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Diagram of EPBM
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Typical Earth Pressure Balance TBM
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Storebaelt EPBM
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St. Clair River Tunnel EPBM
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EPBM with Backup at Herrenknecht Factory
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Soil Grading Curves
EPBMsEPBMs
100
% CLAY SILT SAND GRAVEL STONE
75
25
0 002 06 2 60 mm
SlurryMachines
SlurryMachines
Range of Ground Conditions
50
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TBM - Key ComponentsTBM - Key ComponentsCutter Head
Main BearingHead Access
Muck Removal SystemScrew conveyor to trains or conveyorslurry line
Push RamsSufficient to overcome:
Face pressureFriction
Tail SealsTail Grouting
Tunnel liningErector systemPre-cast concrete segmentsWatertight Gaskets
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TBM - Key ComponentsTBM - Key ComponentsCutter Head
Main BearingHead Access
Muck Removal SystemScrew conveyor to trains or conveyorslurry line
Push RamsSufficient to overcome:
Face pressureFriction
Tail SealsTail Grouting
Tunnel liningErector systemPre-cast concrete segmentsWatertight Gaskets
![Page 21: Soft Ground Tunneling w Boring Machines 1-20-09 · PDF file¾Replaced the use of compressed air ... force while installing the tunnel support. ... Earth Pressure Balance Machines](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030506/5ab412d17f8b9a1a048b8f3f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cutter HeadCutter Head
Mixed Ground Conditions
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Channel Tunnel EPBM
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Bearing Sealing System
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Access to Chamber and Cutter Head
Compressed Air Lock
Pressurized Chamber
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TBM - Key ComponentsTBM - Key ComponentsCutter Head
Main BearingHead Access
Muck Removal SystemScrew conveyor to trains or conveyorslurry line
Push RamsSufficient to overcome:
Face pressureFriction
Tail SealsTail Grouting
Tunnel liningErector systemPre-cast concrete segmentsWatertight Gaskets
![Page 26: Soft Ground Tunneling w Boring Machines 1-20-09 · PDF file¾Replaced the use of compressed air ... force while installing the tunnel support. ... Earth Pressure Balance Machines](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030506/5ab412d17f8b9a1a048b8f3f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Diagram of EPBM
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Slurry Machine Circuit
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EPBM Screw
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TBM - Key ComponentsTBM - Key ComponentsCutter Head
Main BearingHead Access
Muck Removal SystemScrew conveyor to trains or conveyorSlurry line
Push RamsSufficient to overcome:
Face pressureFriction
Tail SealsTail Grouting
Tunnel liningErector systemPre-cast concrete segmentsWatertight Gaskets
![Page 30: Soft Ground Tunneling w Boring Machines 1-20-09 · PDF file¾Replaced the use of compressed air ... force while installing the tunnel support. ... Earth Pressure Balance Machines](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030506/5ab412d17f8b9a1a048b8f3f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Main Shove RamsTotal force for 49ft Diameter TBM
64 million lbs
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TBM - Key ComponentsTBM - Key ComponentsCutter Head
Main BearingHead Access
Muck Removal SystemScrew conveyor to trains or conveyorslurry line
Push RamsSufficient to overcome:
Face pressureFriction
Tail SealsTail Grouting
Tunnel liningErector systemPre-cast concrete segmentsWatertight Gaskets
![Page 32: Soft Ground Tunneling w Boring Machines 1-20-09 · PDF file¾Replaced the use of compressed air ... force while installing the tunnel support. ... Earth Pressure Balance Machines](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030506/5ab412d17f8b9a1a048b8f3f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
EPBM Tail Seal
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EPBM Tail Seal
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Tail GroutingTail GroutingGrout
Grout Injection throughTail or Segments
Pre Cast Concrete Segments
TBM
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TBM - Key ComponentsTBM - Key ComponentsCutter Head
Main BearingHead Access
Muck Removal SystemScrew conveyor to trains or conveyorslurry line
Push RamsSufficient to overcome:
Face pressureFriction
Tail SealsTail Grouting
Tunnel liningErector systemPre-cast concrete segmentsWatertight Gaskets
![Page 36: Soft Ground Tunneling w Boring Machines 1-20-09 · PDF file¾Replaced the use of compressed air ... force while installing the tunnel support. ... Earth Pressure Balance Machines](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030506/5ab412d17f8b9a1a048b8f3f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Use of Pre-Cast Concrete One-Pass, Gasketed, LiningUse of Pre-Cast Concrete One-Pass, Gasketed, Lining
Properly built linings can be 100% watertightRequires tapered lining to make sure gaskets meet on the circle joint between ringsRequires high degree of accuracy of casting100 year+ life can be obtainedManufacture near project site
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Lining Assembly
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Pre-Cast Segment Molds
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Channel Tunnel Segment Storage
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Precast Concrete Segment
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Installing the Gaskets
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Transporting segments
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Mechanical Segment Erector
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Vacuum Segment Erector
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Completed One-Pass LiningCompleted One-Pass Lining
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SETTLEMENT CONTROLSETTLEMENT CONTROL
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Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers