software, nano-hardware & energy raj nair, anasim corp. nanoequity asia 2008, may 28, 2008
TRANSCRIPT
Software,Software, Nano-HardwareNano-Hardware & & EnergyEnergy
Raj Nair, Raj Nair, AnaSIMAnaSIM Corp. Corp. NanoEquity Asia 2008, May 28, 2008NanoEquity Asia 2008, May 28, 2008
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Redefining SoftwareRedefining Software
Intellectual Property (IP) is WARE:Intellectual Property (IP) is WARE:Usually, Usually, wares.wares. (from DICTIONARY.COM) (from DICTIONARY.COM) articles of merchandise or manufacture; goodsarticles of merchandise or manufacture; goods any intangible items, as any intangible items, as services or products ofservices or products of
artistic or artistic or intellectual creativityintellectual creativity, that are salable, that are salable
IP is SOFT IP is SOFT IP is ware, and it is 'soft', in the form of IP is ware, and it is 'soft', in the form of
ideas, concepts, specifications, processes, ideas, concepts, specifications, processes, methods and descriptions of inventions.methods and descriptions of inventions.
SoftwareSoftware is not just code, it is not just code, it is IP, Services, is IP, Services, …!…!
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Manifestation of IntelligenceManifestation of Intelligence
CODECODE Software narrowly construed to imply code and Software narrowly construed to imply code and
applicationsapplications
But code defines everything! But code defines everything! Very similar and simple genetic codes define Very similar and simple genetic codes define
all animate life and determine evolutionary all animate life and determine evolutionary pathwayspathways
Codified language, conduct, material pursuits Codified language, conduct, material pursuits and laws define societies and scienceand laws define societies and science
Code controls all manners of machines & Code controls all manners of machines & systemssystems
Software blurs the distinction between the Software blurs the distinction between the animate and inanimate… a animate and inanimate… a manifestation of manifestation of IntelligenceIntelligence
Turing Test(Wikipedia)
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The Future is The Future is SoftwareSoftware
Man-Machine interfacesMan-Machine interfaces Operating systemsOperating systems
Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management Applications & AutomationApplications & Automation
Business Processes, Industry Business Processes, Industry ServicesServices
SAAS (Service, by our definition, is Soft-SAAS (Service, by our definition, is Soft-ware)ware)
Learning & AdaptationLearning & Adaptation Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence
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Future’s Closer than we Future’s Closer than we ThinkThink
Honda® ASIMO
The hardware’s great, but it is software that gives personality, drives utility…
Robotics and AI offer unlimited opportunities.
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Why is it Software?Why is it Software?
iPhone™iPhone™ Apple®'s iPhone has shown that great Apple®'s iPhone has shown that great
softwaresoftware on a robust, but not necessarily high- on a robust, but not necessarily high-end hardware system is what differentiates a end hardware system is what differentiates a productproduct
MobilesMobiles Cell phone business shows generally that Cell phone business shows generally that
good good serviceservice, not the underlying hardware, is , not the underlying hardware, is the differentiator. the differentiator.
Is the combination a winner?Is the combination a winner? SAAS? (A recent buzzword…)SAAS? (A recent buzzword…) Picture courtesy: Apple®
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SAASSAAS
Multi-tenant architecture, single code Multi-tenant architecture, single code base… one size fits all? base… one size fits all?
Most suited for low-complexity, enterprise Most suited for low-complexity, enterprise applications such as CRM and HRapplications such as CRM and HR
Predictions point to Predictions point to 25% of business 25% of business software spending by 2011software spending by 2011
SAAS is an alternative to capital-intensive SAAS is an alternative to capital-intensive captive deploymentcaptive deployment
Interesting to vendors too as a more Interesting to vendors too as a more resource-efficient modelresource-efficient model
References: Gartner, Web articles
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Good / Questionable Good / Questionable SoftwareSoftware
“Work expands to fill available capacity” Murphy’s Law
Blurry objects behind…?
Mouse click can close occluded window!
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The Tor of CismThe Tor of Cism
Map of Internet Growth, © 2007 Tim Berners-Lee
Tor of Cism (miCrosofT)
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Browsers: Browsers: SearchSearch FacilitationFacilitation
Netscape® peaked market attention in ’95Netscape® peaked market attention in ’95 IE appearedIE appeared on the scene, tied to a near on the scene, tied to a near
monopoly OS… monopoly OS… killing Netscapekilling Netscape. . Open source brought about Open source brought about FirefoxFirefox… …
generates revenue through default Google® generates revenue through default Google® Search BoxSearch Box
On-track to On-track to 30%30% market share market share Firefox 3 (June ‘08) is Firefox 3 (June ‘08) is evolved, fast, leanevolved, fast, lean
(mem. use), integrates(mem. use), integrates “my finds” search “my finds” search Which browser is Which browser is more energy efficientmore energy efficient??
Browsers are one of the most used software applications…Browsers are one of the most used software applications…Reference: Rory Cellan-Jones’s BBC blog dated 8 May 2008
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Flexible & Inflexible Flexible & Inflexible IntelligenceIntelligence
Hardware processes information in a fixed, Hardware processes information in a fixed, inflexible fashioninflexible fashion
SoftwareSoftware allows intelligence to be allows intelligence to be flexibleflexible Examples abound:Examples abound:
Software definedSoftware defined Radio (a hardware bastion!) Radio (a hardware bastion!) ReconfigurableReconfigurable logic computing (also a hardware logic computing (also a hardware
stronghold)stronghold) Operational mode shifts from Operational mode shifts from performance to energy performance to energy
savings through softwaresavings through software at all levels… at all levels… Hardware moving to interconnected arrays Hardware moving to interconnected arrays
of efficient nano computing elements… of efficient nano computing elements… Multi-core processors are just a start! Multi-core processors are just a start!
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Energy ManagementEnergy ManagementPic: Portelligent.com
SoftwareSoftware energy/function optimization and energy/function optimization and controlcontrol NanoelectronicsNanoelectronics needs/uses this in all partitions of needs/uses this in all partitions of
chips! chips! Battery technologies are improving…Battery technologies are improving…
Silver-Zinc, Fuel-Cell systems have ~3X or more energy densitySilver-Zinc, Fuel-Cell systems have ~3X or more energy density
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Energy Efficient SoftwareEnergy Efficient Software
Algorithmic efficiencyAlgorithmic efficiency ExponentialExponential, , LinearLinear and and LogarithmicLogarithmic complexity complexity Abstraction and Symmetry greatly improve efficiency*Abstraction and Symmetry greatly improve efficiency*
Functional efficiencyFunctional efficiency Get the task done with least-energy-cost system Get the task done with least-energy-cost system
resource usage and shortest usage times possible resource usage and shortest usage times possible
System Resource ManagementSystem Resource Management ““Analog” control of resources; Ramp up/down Analog” control of resources; Ramp up/down
permitted by hardware and managed by software permitted by hardware and managed by software
Data ManagementData Management Context RecognitionContext Recognition
Reference * Information Theory and Entropy studies (Kolmogorov, Lin’s and Shannon’s laws of information theory etc.)
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Resource & Data Resource & Data ManagementManagement
Data movementData movement Reduce frequency and amount of data movementReduce frequency and amount of data movement Minimize DISK accesses, buffer data and spin disks Minimize DISK accesses, buffer data and spin disks
downdown11
ComputationComputation Specialized hardware/cores - Specialized hardware/cores - matrix manipulations with matrix manipulations with
Matrix Processors…Matrix Processors…
Resource ManagementResource Management Use all available energy statesUse all available energy states11
Ramp down unused modules Ramp down unused modules
DVD PlaybackDVD Playback Stopped optical drive=70% EStopped optical drive=70% E11
Reference 1: Intel® Software & Solutions Group 2007 study
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Nanoelectronics VectorsNanoelectronics Vectors
Nanoscale CMOS not ‘energy efficient’Nanoscale CMOS not ‘energy efficient’ Scalable, low-cost integration technology, but…Scalable, low-cost integration technology, but… At a definite “WALL”, At a definite “WALL”, PowerPower, , POWER INTEGRITYPOWER INTEGRITY As much (or more) energy is wasted in leakage as is spent As much (or more) energy is wasted in leakage as is spent
in useful work! Estimates are in useful work! Estimates are another decadeanother decade of scaling… of scaling…
Software MUST implement Software MUST implement Algorithmic efficiency, Functional efficiency and Resource Algorithmic efficiency, Functional efficiency and Resource
ManagementManagement at all levels of system hardware at all levels of system hardware Needs to be Needs to be leaner in computational and memory leaner in computational and memory
complexitycomplexity
ParallelismParallelism is Key is Key For multi-core processors, must parallelize compilers, For multi-core processors, must parallelize compilers,
code!code!
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Other Interesting VectorsOther Interesting Vectors
Century for “Intellectual Estate” Century for “Intellectual Estate” transactionstransactions
IPIP (Soft-ware, by our def.) is (Soft-ware, by our def.) is the next gold rushthe next gold rush…… Nanotechnology is very broad, and applications Nanotechnology is very broad, and applications
are almost innumerable…are almost innumerable… IP Creation, ProtectionIP Creation, Protection Development & DefenseDevelopment & Defense IP AggregationIP Aggregation? ? IP Clearing, BrokeringIP Clearing, Brokering?? Opportunity for eminent Tech.+Mktg.+Legal Opportunity for eminent Tech.+Mktg.+Legal
teamsteams
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Connecting CommunitiesConnecting Communities
Social & Professional Social & Professional networking networking
Ning® etc. facilitate…Ning® etc. facilitate… Google® is on it tooGoogle® is on it too
Open-SourceOpen-Source software software communities around communities around for agesfor ages
Leveraging benefits Leveraging benefits of open-source is a of open-source is a cost and TTM cost and TTM minimizer…minimizer…
Verizon® backs Verizon® backs LiMoLiMoCredit: Google®
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Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence
Memristor, missing link?Memristor, missing link? Remembers charge Remembers charge
conveyedconveyed
Neural nets possibleNeural nets possible Time and energy-efficient Time and energy-efficient
solutions for NP-Completessolutions for NP-Completes
AI using such hardware AI using such hardware and software could and software could begin to approach begin to approach biological energy biological energy efficienciesefficiencies……
Credit: Hewlett Packard® Labs
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SummarySummary
Software will take its place as a true Software will take its place as a true manifestation of intelligence manifestation of intelligence
Focusing upon energy and cost Focusing upon energy and cost efficiency, software development will efficiency, software development will emulate natural processesemulate natural processes
Leading to accelerated evolution in Leading to accelerated evolution in machines aiding lifemachines aiding life