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European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1 January, 2016
77
Solar Powered Electric Bike
Engr.M.Bilal Chouhary 1, Engr. Saiful Talpur
2, Engr.Taimoor Zafar
3, Engr. Muhammad Hussain
4,
Engr.Asif Raza 5, Engr.Habib Hussain Zuberi
6
1,2,3,4,5,6
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, KARACHI CAMPUS
Abstract
The renewable energy is used in upcoming years as well as in future to full fill the energy requirements. As
population is increasing day by day and energy demand is linearly increasing it will be very difficult or
simply impossible to full fill the energy requirements without renewable energy. The solar powered electric
bike will be demand of near future. As by using solar powered bike, it will save non-renewable sources. The
basic principle of this solar powered electric bike is to store energy in battery and used it after charging.
The charge batteries supplies energy to PMDC (which acting as engine) to move electric bike. The Throttle
(rheostat) is used to control the speed of PMDC motor. This avoids excess flow of current when the Solar E-
bike is supposed to be stopped suddenly as it is in normal bikes with regards to fuel. This idea, in future,
help in saving electric power of solar powered electric bike and thus also increasing mileage.
Nearby all electric bikes uses AC powered to charge. First AC power is converted into DC power
through inverter and it includes power losses. Although charging time of batteries also increases which
make E-Bike not effective and common for everyone use. By replacing AC Drive to DC Drives, the charging
time is reduced and maintenance of AC drive is more difficult as compare to DC Drive.
Index Terms: PMDC Motor, Rheostat Control, batteries, Solar panel, Battery Cycle.
I. INTRODUCTION
Today we are generating electricity from fossil fuels, they are nor environmental friendly. It is causing
global warming, therefore we need Non-conventional sources of energy. To reduce use of energy from fossil
fuels in transportation usage and make environment clean and green, we have designed electric bike that
uses solar energy to run. The electric bike designed is a single seater and can be used for short distance. As
these electric bikes are future of automobile industry. We need to concentrate on improving their design and
making them cost effective. This vehicle is an initiative in this direction.
European International Journal of Scien
II. BASIC FUNCTIONAL
Fig. 1 Basic block Diagram Represe
The above block diagram presents an o
source of energy for this bike is sun, wh
is being fed to the batteries that get cha
shaft of the motor is connected to the
initially fully charged and thereafter th
discharging cycle of the batteries, which
life period of batteries.
III. BASIC CIRCUIT DIAG
The fig 2 shown below represents an ov
switch is pressed the electrical power su
controller act as engine of the bike as w
working as the accelerator.
Fig. 2 Circuit diagram for the moveme
ence and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693
L DIAGRAM
sentation of Solar Powered electric bike
overview of the working of solar powered elec
hich is captured from solar panels. The electrica
harged and is used to run 24 V DC high torques
he rear wheel of the bike through chain sprocke
they are charged by panels. This helps in com
ich is very important for proper working of batte
GRAM
overview of the circuit that run the entire bike. W
supplied to controller and controller make PMDC
with the input of throttle (rheostat), speed of mot
ment of the solar powered electric bike
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lectric bike. The main
cal energy thus formed
ues PMDC motor. The
cket. The batteries are
mpleting the charging
tteries and enhance the
. Whenever the power
DC motor to run. Here
otor varies. Throttle is
European International Journal of Scien
IV. COMPONENTS USED
Various types of electrical components
these components used with their range
solar powered electric bike is given in th
TABLE I
LIST OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
Components
used
Range
Batteries
(heavy inverter batteries)
24V 74Ah
Solar module 250Wp(Wat
Connecting Cables Motor conne
Solar modul
Charge cont
Motor High torque
MOSFET’s 24V, upto 9
Apart from the above listed components
motor is the motor controller. It is define
A. MOTOR CONTROLER
To control the speed of Solar Powered
controller.
Fig. 4. The front view of the speed con
The picture showing the view of High po
ence and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1
D
ts were used for making the solar powered electr
ge and the specific quantities that were required
the following table.
S USED
Qua
2*12
att Peak) 1
nection:25Sq.m m high voltage cables.
ule to charge controller unit:-1Sq.mm
ntroller to battery unit:-2Sq.mm
10 m
1 me
1 me
ue DC motor 1Hp=746W 1
90 Amps 5
nts the main component that is responsible for sp
ined as follows:-
ed Electric Bike is an essential part as motor is
ontrol unit
power MOSFETs.
January, 2016
ctric bike. A list of
red for making the
uantity
12V
meters
meter
meter
speed control of the
is direct connected to
European International Journal of Scien
B. SOLAR PANEL DETAILS - 140W
Solar panel which is used to charge th
main point for selecting the 140W pane
that we have designed, we have designe
used in the vehicle is multi-crystalline. T
it is more efficient as compared to the m
faster in the multi crystalline cell. Ther
covered from upper side with thick glass
panel.
Fig 3. The diagrammatic representatio
V. WORKING OF THE VEHI
Motor controller is connected with PMD
The V(shaped) brakes are used. When
pressing brakes it is reduced. The batte
travel up to 40km which is quiet impre
initial stage worked done by students is g
VI. ADVANTAGES OF THE V
The solar E-bike are the future of the
manufactured with ease. The main adva
are very economical. Since they cause
answer to the increasing pollution levels
renewable sources of energy like the so
sources of energy. The other main ad
maintenance as compared to the convent
ence and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693
0Wp
the solar power electric bike is of the rating of
nel is to reduce the charging time of the battery.
ned also the solar power station for its charging.
. The main reason behind using the multi crystalli
e mono-crystalline cell and the rate of conversion
ere are 36 cells used in the solar panel. The so
ss so that it can be clean easily and to avoid dust t
tion of the solar module
HICLE
DC motor and as throttle is pressed, the speed o
en throttle is released the speed of e-bike deacc
ttery needs 10+hours to get charge but when it
ressive at this stage. Still the system needs impro
is good.
VEHICLE
e automobile industry. They are highly feasible
vantages of a solar E-bike are that they are pollu
se no pollution they are very eco-friendly and
ls from automobiles in the present scenario. By h
solar energy we are helping in preserving the no
advantages of the solar vehicle are that they
ntional bike and motor cycles and are very user fr
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f 250 WP. The
y. For the bike
g. The solar cell
lline cell is that
ion of energy is
solar module is
st to on the solar
of motor varies.
ccelerate and by
it charges it can
provement but at
ble and can be
llution less and
d are the only
harvesting the
non-renewable
y require less
friendly.
European International Journal of Scien
VII. CONCLUSION
The solar vehicle and Solar Electric Bike
pollution free method. We need to mak
fuels. Solar electric bike do have some d
rate of conversion of energy is not sa
overcome by conducting further researc
using the ultra-efficient solar cells that g
As this field of automobiles will be e
(Vehicle and Bike) have a huge prospect
We have already completed making a
successfully on solar power.
The picture of the running Solar Electric
Fig.5 Solar Electric Bike
VIII. FUTURE WORK
There is always a space for upgrada
to need of human beings which var
bike includes which are as follows:-
� More speed
� More charging backup
� Such a design in which at lea
� Hybrid Bikes
� Object Detection and automa
� Charging of Battery by Alter
Horn)
ence and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1
ike solves many problems related to the environme
ake use of them so that we can reduce our depe
disadvantages like small speed range, initial cost
satisfactory (only 17%). But these disadvantag
arch in this area; like the problem of solar cells
t give about 30-35% efficiency.
explored the problems will get solved. The s
ective market and we should start using them in ou
a solar electric bike prototype as our project a
ric Bike is shown below.
dation, correction and nothing on earth is final, it
aries time to time. The Future work on this sola
-
least 2 people can travel
atic path change
ernator (For Lights,
January, 2016
ment and is the best
ependence on fossil
st is high. Also, the
tages can be easily
ls can be solved by
solar automobiles
our day to day life.
t and it is running
it changes according
olar powered electric
European International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693 www.eijst.org.uk
82
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This paper is based on a real time project carried out by the students of Bahria University, Karachi
Campus. The E-bike was made possible with the help and assistance provided by Dr.Engr.Haroon
Rasheed, Associate professor, Bahria University, Karachi Campus. The project was taken by a team of 4
members namely M.BilalChoudhary, ArslanAzhar, Junaid Ur Rehman& Malik Mubashir.
REFERENCES
[1] M. W. Daniels and P. R. Kumar, “The optimal use of the solar power Automobile,” Control
Systems Magazine, IEEE, vol. 19, no. 3, 2005.
[2] “SOLAR VEHICLES AND BENEFITS OF THETECHNOLOGY”, by John Connors, ICCEP
paper2007.
[3] www.electricvehicle.com for the electrical design of the car and to know the technologies used in
previous cars.