Load Shedding in Pakistan

and the Potential of Solar Energy

June 2012

By

Abid Bukari

&

Nasir Hamodi

Organization Historical Background

Load duration curve

Capacity, capability & availability

Shortage

Reasons

Solar energy

Irrdiation map

Conclusion

Organization

Historical Background

Load duration curve

Capacity, capability & availability

Shortage

Reasons

Solar energy

Irrdiation map

Conclusion

Historical Background

Pre 1994 era

Sever load shedding

Post 1994 era

Historical Background

Pre 1994 era

Sever load shedding

Post 1994 era

Surplus power in the system

2002 Power Policy

Lengthy procedure

- Approval of feasibility

- Tariff negotiation & approval

- Security packages

High load growth

Current Situation Supply / Demand Balance

Load duration curve

Capacity, Capability and Availability

Demand

Supply

Current Situation

Supply / Demand Balance

Load duration curve

Capacity, Capability and Availability

Demand

Supply

Power Supply/Demand Balance

Power Supply/Demand Balance

Load Duration Curve

18th August 2007

Load Duration Curve

18th August 2007

Load Duration Curve

21st August 2008

Load Duration Curve

21st August 2008

Load Duration Curve

10th January 2007

Load Duration Curve

10th January 2007

Load Duration Curve

23rd January 2008

Load Duration Curve

23rd January 2008

s

Reasons Late finalization of 2002 power policy

Late initiation of new projects

Long processing time

Not soliciting new power plants

Reliance of unsolicited proposal

WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants

Private sector started taking advantages

Availability of machines in the international market

Reasons

Late finalization of 2002 power policy

Late initiation of new projects

Long processing time

Not soliciting new power plants

Reliance of unsolicited proposal

WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants

Private sector started taking advantages

Availability of machines in the international market

Reasons Late finalization of 2002 power policy

Late initiation of new projects

Long processing time

Not soliciting new power plants

Reliance of unsolicited proposal

WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants

Private sector started taking advantages

Availability of machines in the international market

Reasons (Contd)

No serious effort on efficiency improvement and energy conservation

Time of day metering system is not up to its strength

Hydropower not coming up

Small hydropower plants are not being taken up by WAPDA.

Clousure of some IPP & WAPDA’s power plants

No payment of fuel bills to fuel suppliers.

Reasons (Contd)

International investors are not coming with enthusiasm

International recession

Governance issues

No serious efforts to exploit alternative energy resources

Huge reserve of coal is not being used

Issues Most of the new thermal power plants are based on fuel oil

Cost of electricity generations

Fuel imports - major implecations on forx reseve

Volatility of crude oil prices

Fuel transporation and import infrastructure

Road / railway network

Port facilities

Issues

Most of the new thermal power plants are based on fuel oil

Cost of electricity generations

Fuel imports - major implications on Forx Reserve

Volatility of crude oil prices

Fuel transportation and import infrastructure

Road / railway network

Port facilities

Issues Gas is not available for new power plants

Un efficient energy useage

Issues

Gas is not available for new power plants

Un efficient energy usage

No incentive from the government to develop alternative

energy resources

Rental power plant is suicidal

World wide Solar Energy Production

World wide Solar Energy Production

Prospects of Solar Energy in Pakistan

Prospects of Solar Energy in Pakistan

Excellent potential for Pakistan

High level of solar radiations throughout the year

Receives on average 19 mega joules of solar energy per square metre

Average daily generation rate – 5.3 kWh/m²

Sun shines for 3000 hrs per annum in South-Western province of

Balochistan

Jacobabad receives 2,142 kWh of solar-Irradiation/m²/year

Solar Irradiation Map of Pakistan

Solar Irradiation Map of Pakistan

Prospects of Solar Thermal for Electricity Generation in Pakistan Prospects of Solar Thermal for Electricity Generation

in Pakistan

Use of 1% surface area of Sahara for solar power

plants would be sufficient to meet the entire global

electricity demand

Solar thermal power plants apart from photovoltaic,

offer the opportunity to produce solar electricity in the

tropics at low cost

Cost of installation of high quality panels

1.0 Kilo Watts Solar Plan Equipment including batteries

and solar controller.

System Cost $4825 Tax/Duty/Shipping/Customs

clearance fee $ 700

Installation $ 300

Total $5925 + GST

Panels and electronic devices are made in Germany

More prices are:

http://uk-solar energy.com/Product_Guide.html

Cost of installation of high quality panels

1.0 Kilo Watts Solar Plan Equipment including batteries

and solar controller.

System Cost $4825 Tax/Duty/Shipping/Customs

clearance fee $ 700

Installation $ 300

Total $5925 + GST

Panels and electronic devices are made in Germany

More prices are:

http://uk-solar energy.com/Product_Guide.html

Conclusions Conclusions

Conclusions

• Pakistan lies in an area of one of the highest solar incidence in the

world.

• Its geographical location presents excellent

• Conditions for deployment of small and large scale solar thermal

power plants

• R&D work and Use of Indigenous Resources can make the difference

• Cheap labor and location near the equator are the main factors,

which changes the scenario from the western world

• This vast potential can be exploited to produce

• Electricity by solar thermal technology, which could be provided to

off-grid communities.