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Solar Process Heat: Prospects & Challenges

Pedro Horta

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

27.02.2018, CSP Markets, System Value & Financing, Dubai

www.ise.fraunhofer.de

Beyond electricity: Opportunities for CSH for heat & steam generation in industry

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SectorsHeat for Industrial Processes

Heat related Final Energy Consumption (FEC) in industry [1] comparable to Transport or Building sectors. Distribution: Energy-Intensive (EI) sectors 54%, Non-EI 46%

[1] Adapted from IEA - International Energy Agency (2014). Statistics: Energy Balance Flows. http://www.iea.org/statistics/

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Suitable Solar Thermal technologies Heat for Industrial Processes

Solar collector technology vs. required process temperature

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Dilemma: less resistance to integration at supply level vs. lower temperatures in integration at process level

Design procedures Solar integration

80°C-120°C

15°C-30°C

P1160°C

P280°C

P350°C

50°C-90°C

160°C-180°C

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0°C

-13

0°C

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Temperature levelsHeat for Industrial Processes

Heat requirements in industry occur at different temperature levels in different sectors [2]: ~ 50% HT; ~ 50% MT + LT

[2] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), calculations by Deger Saygin based on IEA source [2] (2014)

EI sectors

HT (>400°C)42,5 EJ

MT (150°c-400°C)18,1 EJ

LT (<150°C)24,5 EJ

EI

Non-EI

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SHIP systems database [3]: 213 projects listed, 129 MWth installed capacity (0.18 million m2) < 1% installed solar thermal capacity

Existing projects Market penetration

[3] AEE-INTEC, 2013. Database for applications of solar heat integration in industrial processes. http://ship-plants.info/ (2013-2016). Accessed February 2017[4] SOLRICO, Bärbel Epp, 2017. Solar Process Heat: Surprisingly popular. Sun&Wind Energy. http://www.sunwindenergy.com/topic-of-the-month/solar-process-heat-surprisingly-popular (online 14.02.2017)

• Mostly small/medium size systems (<500 m2)

• Largest capacity in large systems (>1000 m2)

• Stationary technologies dominate in nr. systems andcapacity

[3]

• Recent survey [6] points out > 500 SHIP systems with total installed capacity > 280 MWth (0.4 million m2)

[4]

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Tracking technologies

Existing projects Examples tracking

[5] http://www.industrial-solar.de/content/en/referenzen/fresnel-kollektor/[6] http://ship-plants.info/solar-thermal-plants/155-dairy-plant-el-indio-mexico?collector_type=5

Dairy El Indio, MexicoParabolic TroughAperture: 132 m2Application: Make-up water pre-heatingOper. Temp.: 95°CCommissioning : 2012

© Inventive Power S.A. de C.V. [6]

Services MTN Johanesburg, S.AfricaLinear FresnelAperture: 396 m2Application/End Use: Air conditioningOper. Temp.: 180°CCommissioning : 2014

© Industrial Solar [5]

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Tracking technologies

Existing projects New applications

[7] MIT, 2016. Technology Review, Arab Edition. http://technologyreview.me/en/energy/oman-explores-solar-powered-oil-recovery/[8] https://www.glasspoint.com/

© Industrial Solar

Miraah Solar EOR Pilot Project, Amal, OmanParabolic Trough in greenhouseStatus: Delivered first steam (Pilot), construction ongoingPilot: 6 ton steam / dayFull-scale: 1.0 GWth, 6,0 ktons steam/day, 3 km2 (1.9 aper)

[7,8]

© Petroleum Development Oman / Glasspoint

[9] http://www.aalborgcsp.com/

Sundrop Farms Project, Port Augusta, AustraliaCentral Receiver, 51 505 m2 apertureSolar driven cogeneration: (1,7 Gwhe + 20 GWhth)/year

© AALBORG CSP [9]

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Challenges Learning curve and technology costs

The successful story of PV [9]

[9] adapted from Navigant Consulting; EUPD PV module prices (since 2006), Graph: ISE 2014

Each doubled installed capacity stood for

20 % technology cost reduction

A factor 10 in 25 years!

CSPSHIP

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Challenges Current technology costs

Current cost range and NG benchmarking

[14, 16] adapted from Database for applications of solar heat integration in industrial processes. http://ship-plants.info/ (2013-2016). AEE-INTEC. Accessed February 2017[15] adapted from Stryi-Hipp, G. et al., 2012. Strategic Research Priorities for Solar Thermal Technology. Renewable Heating and Cooling – European Technology platform and World Bank, 2016. Commodity Markets, Price forecasts and Annual prices. http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets.print. Online October 2016

[14]

[15]

[16]

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Challenges Current technology costs

Current cost range and NG benchmarking

[10]

[11]

[12]

[10,12] adapted from Database for applications of solar heat integration in industrial processes. http://ship-plants.info/ (2013-2016). AEE-INTEC. Accessed February 2017[11] adapted from Stryi-Hipp, G. et al., 2012. Strategic Research Priorities for Solar Thermal Technology. Renewable Heating and Cooling – European Technology platform and World Bank, 2016. Commodity Markets, Price forecasts and Annual prices. http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets.print. Online October 2016

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Prospects

Heat supply to industry standsworldwide for a very large market

There is political pressure and drivetowards industrial decarbonisation

Available Solar Thermal technologiessuit 50% of these heat requirements (LT, MT)

CSP companies acknowledge this marketand are already moving towards it

Conclusions Prospects and Challenges

Challenges

Point-focus technologies addressing HT processes

Balance of Plant concepts and integration on steamnetworks

Lighter hidraulic costs and requirements

Centralized storage and heat supply systems

Hybridized concepts towards full decarbonisation

Connection to electric grid and district heatingnetworks

Shift investment assessment from Payback to NPV approach third-party financing

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Thank you for your attention!

Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

Pedro Hortawww.ise.fraunhofer.dePedro.horta@ise.fraunhofer.de