solar system models geocentric model earth centered moon, sun, planets, and stars revolve around the...
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![Page 1: Solar System Models Geocentric Model Earth Centered Moon, Sun, Planets, and Stars revolve around the Earth Feels right No observed parallax of stars](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033018/56649ea85503460f94bac24b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solar System Models
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Geocentric Model
Earth Centered• Moon, Sun, Planets, and Stars revolve around the
Earth• Feels right• No observed parallax of stars• Later adopted as we are the center of the universe
and everything is perfectly made for us.
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Aristotle Model
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Greeks knew that the Earth was round
Ships sink as they sail awayShape of Earth’s shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse
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Eratosthenes (200 BC)
Used position of the sun from two locations to determine the circumference of the Earth
α = 1/50 of a circleFigure it out
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Problems with Geocentric Model
Wanders: – Planets vary brightness and speed as they move along the ecliptic
Apparent Retrograde Motion – backward motion of planets at opposition– Video
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Ptolemy Proposal
Epicycles
– small cycle on orbit– allow more accurate predictions
demo
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Ptolemy Model
Earth in the center– Moon, sun, planets and stars
revolve around us
– The stars are far away, therefore they must be going real fast
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Heliocentric Model
Sun-centered System
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Copernicus Model
Was able to use simple math to determine relative distances to planets.
Not perfect but simpler; he added some small epicycles.
Motion of sun and planets are caused by movement of the Earth
Space is really big, stars are very far away
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Tycho
Very careful observations with calibrated sighting tube, no telescope
Proposed variation – Earth-centered/Sun-centered system
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Kepler
The orbits of planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus
Equal area in equal time– They go faster when they are closer to the sun
• The period 2 is proportional to the distance 3
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Galileo
Used small telescope to look at planetsEvidence that things were not as they thought
– Moon has features– Jupiter has moons– Saturn has appendages– Sun has spots– Milky Way is lots of stars– Venus has phases and
changes size
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Evidence for the Geocentric Model
Feels right– Do you feel like
the Earth is spinning?
– Do you feel like we are traveling through space as we revolve around the sun?
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What about Apparent Retrograde Motion?
Do the planets back up?
Video
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Evidence for the Geocentric
Model
No parallax was observed– If we are traveling around the
sun then we should be able to see it.
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Evidence against the Perfect Universe model
The moon was not a perfect object, it had craters, highlands and seas.
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Evidence against the Heliocentric model
Jupiter has moons, therefore not everything revolves around the earth.
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Evidence against the Perfect Universe model
Saturn had moons or arms on the side that sometimes disappeared.
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Evidence against the Perfect Universe model
Sun has spots– It was not perfect– It rotated
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Evidence against the Perfect Universe model
The Milky Way is really a lot of stars
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Evidence for the Heliocentric model
Venus has phases and it changes size.
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Which is correct?
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The End