1. Solar Thermal Simulation Study Sample Project Kuwait Challet & Mall Prepared by Anantharaman.K, Sr. Mech Engineer, LEED AP (BD+C)Feb 2012Revision - 0

2. Introduction: Aim of the solar thermal simulation is to compliment and optimize the designers selection of orientation, shading components right from the initial stage of the design to deliver a sustainable building design to the client with added value. The dynamic thermal simulation software used is IES-VE, a building performance modeling tool. High performance building designs are recommended to use software modeling tools all through the design stages and US DOE recommends the clients to include this part of the RFP.Feb 2012Revision - 0 3. Challet view from top with ceiling made invisible.Mirrored Mirrored orientation orientation (Left Hall) (Left Hall)Existing Existing design design orientation orientation (Right Hall) (Right Hall)N50NPlay Video db click on image30 25 20Load (kW)Temperature (C)35121010886644014124516144220 00:0006:0012:0018:00Date: Sun 15/AugThe Left Hall solar peaks in the morning while the right hall solar peaks afternoon. Right Hall solar peak coincides with ambient dry bulb temperature and so the Dx package units efficiency also drops.Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Solar gain: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Solar gain: Left Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Cooling plant sensible load: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Cooling plant sensible load: Left Reception Hall (right hall.aps)0 00:00Gain (kW)16 4. 5035Load (kW)Temperature (C)403014124516141210108 6Mirrored orientation (Left Hall)4 252200 00:008Existing design orientation (Right Hall) 06:0012:006Gain (kW)164 218:000 00:00Date: Sun 15/Aug Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Solar gain reduced by ~ 30% using high performance glazing.Solar gain: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Solar gain: Left Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Cooling plant sensible load: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Cooling plant sensible load: Left Reception Hall (right hall.aps)501435Gain (kW)Temperature (C)401412451612101025 2086643084220 00:0006:0012:0018:00Date: Sun 15/Aug Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Cooling plant sensible load: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps)High Performance GlazingCooling plant sensible load: Left Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Solar gain: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps) Solar gain: Left Reception Hall (right hall.aps)0 00:00Load (kW)16 5. With passive Shading solar load is reduced to ~ 20% which helps in saving energy 125011481046944Gain (kW)407386365344Temperature (C)428323302281260 00:0006:0012:0018:0024 00:00D ate: Sun 15/Aug Solar gain: Right Reception Hall (right-hall1with s hade.aps )Solar gain: Right Reception Hall (right hall.aps )Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) 6. Study of Incident Solar flux / Solar Power & Surface temperatures for a selected surface 7. Solar exposure - areaArea of solar exposure without shadeArea of solar exposure with shade 8. CONCLUSIONS for the ChalletThermal efficiency, Left Hall orientation is better than Right Hall orientation.Using spectrally selective high performance glazing further reduces the solar gains to the space.Left hall orientation is more energy efficient.Solar loads for worst exposure could be reduced by using spectrally selective glazing and by using passive shading devices. 9. Mall connecting area Ph-II - Ph-III Solar Analysis Dynamic Thermal Modeling 10. Facing North with transparent ETFESolar AnalysisNOther 3 orientations with translucent ETFEGraph plotted to understand the ambient temperature vs chiller plant load. 11. 3290308028 Percentage (%)48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24Temperatures are within 28 deg C and it is acceptable for this application.70 602650 24 40 22302020181016 00:0006:0012:0018:00Date: Thu 15/Jul Mean radiant temperature: Lakes GF (lakes with stratification.aps) Dry resultant temperature: Lakes GF (lakes with stratification.aps) Solar altitude: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) People dissatisfied: Lakes GF (lakes with stratification.aps)0 00:00Angle (deg.)Temperature (C)Temperature prediction at occupied GF level 12. Cooling plant load with and without stratification assumptions. 20004815004619004614001800441300170042120044401500381400361300341200110040100038900 3680034700110026 00:0006:0012:00500284008002860030900303210003226 00:00700 00:0018:00Sys load (kW)1600Sys load (kW)06:0012:0018:00300 00:00Date: Thu 15/JulDate: Thu 15/Jul Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Room cooling plant sens. load: (lakes1.aps)Room cooling plant sens. load: (lakes with stratification.aps)Chillers load: (lakes1.aps)Chillers load: (lakes with stratification.aps)48Without stratification single zone 23 deg C200046180044160042 140040 3812003610003480032 6003040028 26 00:0006:0012:0018:00Date: Thu 15/Jul Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Room cooling plant sens. load: (lakes1.aps) Room cooling plant sens. load: (lakes with stratification.aps)200 00:00Sys load (kW)Temperature (C)Temperature (C)42Temperature (C)48With stratification at high level, 32 deg C 13. Ground floor solar flux and solar power with surface temperature 9032908031807040 30Temperature (C)Angle (deg.)50602950 28 40 27302620202510 0Radiation flux (W/m)6070301024 00:0006:0012:0018:000 00:00Date: Thu 15/Jul Solar altitude: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Int surface incident solar flux: External floor (lakes gf surface temp.aps)7035000060Surface temperature: External floor (lakes gf surface temp.aps)40000030000050 40Heat flow (W)80Angle (deg.)45000031 30 29250000 28 20000030 201000001027150000500000320 00:0026 2506:0012:0018:00Date: Thu 15/Jul Solar altitude: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt) Surface temperature: External floor (lakes gf surface temp.aps) Int surface incident solar power: External floor (lakes gf surface temp.aps)24 00:00Temperature (C)90 14. People dissatisfied comparisonAll air (vs) Radiant chilled floor @ 19 deg C32904830804628447022 20 18Angle (deg.)2442 604050384036 343016 14 12 10Temperature (C)Percentage (%)2632 203010 0 00:0028 06:0012:0018:0026 00:00Date: Thu 15/Jul People dissatisfied: Lakes GF (lakes with stratification.aps)People dissatisfied: Lakes GF (lakes radiant.aps)Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Dry-bulb temperature: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Solar altitude: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Solar altitude: Kuwait_KISR.fwt (Kuwait_KISR.fwt)Here the percentage dissatisfied considerably reduces from 26 % to 14% by using radiant floor cooling. 15. With internal shading at 10m high level 16. People dissatisfied % with and without internal shading 15.5 15.0 14.5Percentage (%)14.0 13.5 13.0 12.5 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 00:0006:0012:0018:00Date: Thu 15/Jul People dissatisfied: Lakes GF (lakes shades.aps)People dissatisfied: Lakes GF (lakes radiantjune.aps)00:00