solarsim-d2 - spectrafy · the solarsim-d2 was tested side-by-side with the nrel absolute cavity...
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SolarSIM-D2Performance Results @ NREL
17th - 21st November, 2014
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SolarSIM: Solar Spectral Irradiance Meter
• Direct spectral and irradiance
monitoring for PV and
meteorological applications
• The SolarSIM-D2 uses silicon
photodiodes integrated with band-
pass interference filters to monitor
discrete sections of the solar
spectrum
• The SolarSIM-D2’s software uses the
photodiode measurements to
reconstructs the complete solar
spectrum
• Designed for prolonged outdoor use
• Cheaper, lower-power, more
rugged than a spectroradiometer
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Purpose of Testing
To test and calibrate the SolarSIM-D2 against NREL’s• Spectroradiometer (secondary standard)
• Pyrheliometer (ISO first class)
• Absolute cavity radiometer (primary standard)
To collaborate with Keith Emery on the efficacy of
the SolarSIM-D2
Located at the NREL Outdoor Test Facility:• Two SolarSIM-D2s mounted on a Solsys 2 tracker (left photo) adjacent to Keith Emery’s
Primary Photovoltaic Reference Cell Calibration test bed (right photo):• A: ASDi FieldSpec3 spectroradiometer (secondary standard)
• B: Eppley Absolute Cavity Radiometer (primary standard)• C: Licor Spectroradiometer (secondary standard)• D: Isotype sensors (4 of)
Located at the NREL Solar Radiation Resource Laboratory (100m higher in elevation - not shown):• PGS 100 Spectroradiometer (secondary standard)• Eko 710/712 Spectroradiometer (WISER system) • CH1 Pyrheliometer (secondary standard)
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Test Set up
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NREL Campus
Outdoor Test Facility (OTF)
Solar Radiation Resource Laboratory (SRRL)
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200m translation
100m elevation
SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Clear Sky
Notes:
1. Wavelength ranges: PGS100: 350 - 1080 nm. Licor: 350 - 1100 nm. WISER: 350 - 1650 nm. ASDi: 350 - 2400nm. SSIM: 280 - 4000nm.
2. Acceptance angle vary from ±1 - ±2.5° between the different devices. Slope angles vary between 0.5° - 1.7°.
3. SolarSIM-D2 spectral model has 1 nm spectral resolution, compared to 3 - 10nm (FWHM) for the spectroradiometers.
4. * Geometric, pressure corrected airmass.
SolarSIM-D2 produces accurate spectra
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Solar spectra from multiple instruments
November 21st, 10:00AM MST, AM1.89*
Licor
WISER
PGS100
ASDi
SSIM
Notes:
1. Wavelength ranges: PGS100: 350 - 1080 nm. Licor: 350 - 1100 nm. WISER: 350 - 1650 nm. ASDi: 350 - 2400nm. SSIM: 280 - 4000nm.
2. Acceptance angle vary from ±1 - ±2.5° between the different devices. Slope angles vary between 0.5° - 1.7°.
3. SolarSIM-D2 spectral model has 1 nm spectral resolution, compared to 3 - 10nm (FWHM) for the spectroradiometers.
4. * Geometric, pressure corrected airmass.
SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Clear Sky
SolarSIM-D2 produces accurate spectra even at high air mass
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Wavelength, nm
Solar spectra from multiple instruments
November 21st, 8:05AM MST, AM4.18*
Licor
WISER
PGS100
ASDi
SSIM
Notes:
1. Wavelength ranges: PGS100: 350 - 1080 nm. WISER: 350 - 1650 nm. SSIM: 280 - 4000nm.
2. Acceptance angle vary from ±1 - ±2.5° between the different devices. Slope angles vary between 0.5° - 1.0°.
3. SolarSIM-D2 spectral model has 1 nm spectral resolution, compared to 3 - 10nm (FWHM) for the spectroradiometers.
4. The SolarSIM-D2 was located 200m apart from the PGS100 and WISER spectroradiometers.
SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Cloudy Sky
SolarSIM-D2 produces accurate spectra under cirrus cloud
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Solar spectra under cirrus clouds
November 21st, 11:40AM MST
WISER
PGS100
SSIM
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Solar spectra under moderate cloud
November 18, 15:50AM MST
WISER
PGS100
SSIM
Notes:
1. Wavelength ranges: PGS100: 350 - 1080 nm. WISER: 350 - 1650 nm. SSIM: 280 - 4000nm.
2. Acceptance angle vary from ±1 - ±2.5° between the different devices. Slope angles vary between 0.5° - 1.0°.
3. SolarSIM-D2 spectral model has 1 nm spectral resolution, compared to 3 - 10nm (FWHM) for the spectroradiometers.
4. The SolarSIM-D2 was located 200m apart from the PGS100 and WISER spectroradiometers.
SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Cloudy Sky
SolarSIM-D2 produces accurate spectra under moderate cloud
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Wavelength, nm
Solar spectra under heavy cloud
November 18, 10:00AM MST
WISER
SSIM
Notes:
1. Wavelength ranges: WISER: 350 - 1650 nm. SSIM: 280 - 4000nm.
2. Acceptance angles are ±2.5° for both instruments. Slope angles are 1.0°.
3. SolarSIM-D2 spectral model has 1 nm spectral resolution, compared to 3 - 10nm (FWHM) for the spectroradiometers.
4. The SolarSIM-D2 was located 200m apart from the WISER spectroradiometer.
SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Cloudy Sky
SolarSIM-D2 produces accurate spectra under heavy cloud
SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Clear DNI
Notes:
1. The CH1 NIP is located 100m above the SolarSIM-D2 at the NREL Solar Radiation Resource Laboratory. This accounts for the discrepancy from 15:45
onwards as the SolarSIM-D2 experiences sunset before the CH1 NIP. At 15:45 the elevation angle is 9.0° (AM6.37).
2. The NREL CH1 NIP has the same field of view as the SolarSIM-D2: 1.0o slope angle and ±2.5o acceptance angle.
3. NREL CH1 NIP calibration date: 19th May 2014.
The integral of the SolarSIM-D2 spectra provides accurate DNI data
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SolarSIM-D2 DNI compared to NREL CH1 Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer
SSIM
CH1 NIP
CH1 uncertainty (1%)
SSIM/CH1
November 17th
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SolarSIM-D2 Performance – Cloudy DNI
Notes: 1. The drop in the SolarSIM-D2 DNI in the morning is due to NREL staff walking in front of and shadowing the SSIM during morning set-up.2. The discrepancy from 4pm onwards is due to the CH1 NIP being located 100 m above the SolarSIM-D2 at the SRRL, leading to the SSIM experiencing sunset earlier. 3. The temporal resolution of the CH1 is 60s. The temporal resolution of the SolarSIM-D2 is 1s. This accounts for the higher temporal resolution
(sharper peaks) evident in the SolarSIM-D2 DNI data.
SolarSIM-D2 provides accurate DNI data even on cloudy days
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06:57 08:09 09:21 10:33 11:45 12:57 14:09 15:21 16:33
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SolarSIM-D2 DNI compared to NREL CH1 Normal Incidence
Pyrheliometer November 18thSSIM
CH1 NIP
CH1 uncertainty (1%)
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SolarSIM-D2 Performance – DNI
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SolarSIM DNI compared to NREL Abs. Cavity Radiometer (ACR)
SSIM
ACR
SSIM/ACR
Notes: 1. The SolarSIM-D2 was tested side-by-side with the NREL Absolute Cavity Radiometer at the NREL Outdoor Test Facility. The uncertainty of the NREL ACR is ± 0.37%.2. The NREL Absolute Cavity Radiometer (Eppley ID#23734) is a secondary standard as defined by the World Meteorological Organisation. As such it undergoes
calibration every 5 years at the WMO International Pyrheliometer Comparison in Davos Switzerland against the six World Standard Group pyrheliometers.3. ACR data was acquired manually. Gaps between clusters of data points represent periods of unsuitable atmospheric conditions.4. The acceptance angle and slope angle of the ACR match those of the SolarSIM-D2.
SolarSIM-D2 DNI data matches NREL’s Secondary Standard ACR
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Reliability of SolarSIM-D2 Spectra
Notes:
1. The data shows two comparisons of SolarSIM101 and SolarSIM102 measured four months apart.
2. SolarSIM101 remained on-sun for the duration of the four month test period, in addition to the two months prior.
3. SolarSIM102 (one of the two reference SolarSIMs calibrated at NREL) was stored indoors for the duration of the test
period and was only taken outside in order to perform the two comparative measurements.
No sign of performance degradation to date
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SSIM cumulative DNI within 0.5% of Eppley NIP over 12 months
Reliability of SolarSIM-D2 DNI – 6 months
Notes:
1. The data was measured at the University of Ottawa Solar Test Site in Ottawa, Canada. The SolarSIM-D2 and Eppley NIP were cleaned once per
week during the test period.
2. The data has been filtered to remove days where the two instruments were on-sun for differing lengths of time.
3. The SolarSIM-D2 and the NIP shed snow at different rates, which is not been filtered out of the data.
4. The acceptance angle of the Eppley pyrheliometer is ±2.9° compared to ±2.5° for the SolarSIM-D2.
