solid waste management best practices india

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Background:

Solid Waste Management is one of the important obligatory functions of not only urban local bodies but also

of rural local bodies. But this essential service is not efficiently and properly performed by the local bodies ,

resulting in many health and sanitation problems. It is observed that lack of financial resources, institutional

weakness, improper selection of technology, transportation systems and disposal options, public’s apathy

towards

environmental cleanliness and sanitation have made this service unsatisfactory.

AIM:

To Assess about solid waste Generation &its management in jangaon Municipality

OBJECTIVES:

1. Studying the present scenario of solid waste management in the municipality.

2. To study the various methods and best practices of Solid waste management in India.

3. To analyze the issues with Solid waste management in jangaon

4. Suggesting the best alternative techniques suited for the study area.

NEED FOR STUDY:

Jangaon, one of the largest municipalities in Warangal district has a potential to develop.

It has also considerable significance in Cultural aspects. Aesthetical maintenance can boost the tourism.

With the rapid increasing of population, there is a need to manage solid waste in the municipality.

SCOPE&LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

Study is limited only to the jangaon municipal boundary.

Scope of study is limited to only Municipal solid waste& its management, issues regarding MSWM only.

METHODOLOGY:

Municipal Solid Waste Management

Primary data •Interviews

•Observations

•Surveys: Household

survey

Aim

Objectives

Need &Limitations

Data collection

Secondary data

•Municipality

•Census

•Internet

Analysis

Suggestions the alternatives for MSWM

OBJECTIVE 1:

Studying the present scenario of solid waste management in the municipality

Sources of Waste generation

Quantity of waste generated on daily basis

Storage & Segregation of Collected waste

Transportation& Transfer stations

Waste treatment &disposal

OBJECTIVE 2:

To study the various methods and best practices of Solid waste management in

India.

Desktop studies:

Suryapet( Telangana) &

Kanchrapara (West Bengal)

Analyzing both the Practices and their Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE 3:

To analyze the issues with Solid waste management in Study area.

Issues can be drawn from Surveys & Individual observations.

OBJECTIVE 4:

Suggesting the best alternative techniques suited for the study area.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru

Architecture & Fine Arts

University

SHEET NO:1

AIM,OBJECTIVES,

METHODOLOGY

OF THE STUDY

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Municipal Solid Waste

Definition:

Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or

notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including

treated bio-medical wastes

- Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the trash or garbage that is discarded day to day in a human

settlement.

-SWM Toolkit,MOUD.


Municipal Solid Waste Management(MSWM) refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste

segregation and storage at source,primarycollection, secondary storage,transportation,secondary

segregation, resource recovery,processing,treatment,and final disposal of solid waste.

aesthetically cleaner surroundings with cleaner drains for storm water flow, cleaner water

sources and safer neighborhoods. Apart from these, MSWM restricts air pollution, ground

water contamination & soil contamination.

Objectives of Solid Waste Management

The objective of SolidWasteManagement(SWM) is to maintain clean and hygienic

conditions and reduce the quantity of SW, which has to be disposed of in Sanitary Landfill

Facility (SLF) after recovery of waste materials and energy from it.

The objective of solid waste management is to reduce the quantity of solid waste

disposed off on land by recovery of materials and energy from solid waste. This in turn

results in lesser requirement of raw material and energy as inputs for technological

processes.

To provide economically and environmentally viable methods for waste disposal.

MSW

Road Sweeping

Waste

General House

Hold

Waste(including

Kitchen Waste)

Market and

Commercial

Waste

Institutional

Waste Biomedical

Waste

Slaughter House

Waste and Dead

Animals

Construction &

Demolition

Waste

Health and Environment Benefits of MSWM:

It prevents waste to contamination of water (in drains) and soil in particular;

Reduces waste sent to the landfill, which may have negative impacts on groundwater

and air quality;

Reduce emissions from energy consumption- as waste when recycled requires less

energy than making goods from virgin materials thereby reducing the energy demand and

pressure on nonrenewable sources (oil, fossil fuels);

Contributes to Climate Change by reducing methane emissions from landfills.

Improved waste management services reduce chances of spread of diseases.

Economic Benefits:

An effective waste management implies reduce, reuse and recycle waste matter leading

to introduction of more and more of waste matter into the value chain leading to economic

benefits; and

Waste management being a labour intensive activity, it helps in employment generation.

Introduction of rag pickers into formalized waste collection and segregation process is a

win scenario for implementers.

Benefits of MSWM

Majorly, there are two kinds of benefits incurred from effective Municipal solid waste

management:

Health and Environment Benefits

Economic Benefits


Need for MSWM:

Efficient municipal solid waste management benefits in maintaining hygienic conditions leading to

lesser health issues, better living environment, improved economic prosperity in the area,

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:2

Introduction about

MSWM

Key plan

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Domestic/Residential

Waste

cooking, cleaning, repairs, hobbies,

redecoration, empty containers, packaging,

clothing, old books, writing/new paper, and old

furnishings. Households also discard bulky

wastes such as furniture and large appliances

which cannot be repaired and used

Households

Municipal Waste wastes resulting from municipal activities and

services such as street waste, dead animals,

market waste and abandoned vehicles.

Commercial Waste solid wastes that originate in office Wholesale

and retail stores, restaurants, hotels, markets,

warehouses and other commercial

establishments

Retail &

Commercial

shops,Hotels,Resta

urents

Institutional Waste wastes are those arising from institutions such

as schools, universities, hospitals and research

institutes.

Schools,

Government

offices,hospitals,pr

ivate offices.

Garbage Wastes from the preparation, cooking, and

serving of food. Market refuse, waste from the

handling, storage, and sale of produce and

meats and vegetable

Households,

institutions and

commercial

institutions

Street Sweeping Street sweepings, Dirt, leaves, catch basin dirt,

animal droppings, contents of litter receptacles

dead animals

Streets, sidewalks,

alleys, vacant lots,

Hazardous Wastes Hazardous wastes: pathological waste,

explosives, radioactive material, toxic waste

etc.

hospitals,

institution,stores,in

dustry, etc.

Construction and

Demolition Wastes

materials generated by the construction,

refurbishment, repair and demolition of houses,

commercial buildings and other structures. It

mainly consists of earth, stones, concrete,

bricks, lumber, roofing materials, plumbing

materials, heating systems and electrical wires

and parts of the general municipal waste stream

Construction and

demolition sites,

remodelling,

repairing sites

Industrial Wastes Discarded solid material of manufacturing

processes and industrial operations.

Factories, power

plants, treatment

plants.

Sewage Wastes The solid by-products of sewage treatment are

classified as sewage wastes.

Sewer lines

Dead Animals Small animals: cats, dogs, poultry etc.Large

animals: horses, cows etc.

Classification of Solid wastes:(Source:Manual on MSWM,MoUD,2000)

Generation &Storage

Collection

Transport

Process

Disposal Illegal Dumping

Contaminated sites

Recycle, Reuse & Recover

The Municipal Solid Waste Stream

Collection Type How it is carried out

Community bins placed in convenient locations, where the

community members carry the waste and

throw it in

Door-to-Door collection The waste is placed at the doorstep at a set

time when the waste collector arrives. In this

method

Block collection the collection vehicles arrive at a particular

place or a set day anytime to collect waste

from the households. Households bring their

waste containers and empty directly into the

vehicle.

Curbside collection the homeowner is responsible for placing the

containers to be emptied at the curb on the

collection day and for returning the empty

containers to their storage location until the

next collection

COLLECTION MECHANISMS OF MSW:

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:3

Classification of

MSWM & Collection

of MSWM

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Schematic Flow of SWM systems

Transfer Stations

Mechanised refuse transfer station

Direct Transfer Station

Secondary collection of MSW Primary collection of MSW

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:4

STEPS IN MSWM

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Municipal Solid Waste Management systems in India

The Stakeholders involved in the management of MSWM are:

The Ministry of Environment and Forests: The Ministry of Environment and Forests is

responsible for general aspects related to waste management, and draws up, coordinates the

environmental policy and overseas the implementation of the federal legislation regarding waste

management.

Central Pollution Control Board: Coordinate the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards

and provide technical assistance and training to the personnel. Disseminate information sponsor

research relating to waste management. To perform functions prescribed by the Government.

State Pollution Control Board: Plans a comprehensive program for the prevention, control or

abatement of air pollution and water pollution. To inspect, at all reasonable times, any control

equipment or process. Prior to installation of a landfill or incinerator, permission from SPCB must be

obtained.

City Corporation: City Corporation issues permits and creates policy for waste management.

Provides waste management services or operates disposal, recycling, or composting facilities. Often

contracts out services to the private sector.

Private Informal Sector:

Private Informal Sector – collection of the recyclable waste, transfer to the recycling facility and

recycling of waste.

Legal Framework applicable to Municipal Solid Waste Management

Legislation concerning waste is usually differentiated according to the type of waste.

International conventions often cover nuclear and hazardous waste, whereas non

hazardous waste, often called solid waste is usually more regulated at the national level.

From an environmental angle the following environmental rules, regulations and acts

would be the most relevant for MSWM

Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000, notified by the

ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India vide notification No.

S.O.908 (E) dated 25th September 2000. The guidelines given in this law covers all the

functional elements of municipal solid waste management.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Two aspects have to

be kept in mind of this law in regard to MSWM. Firstly, a consent from the state

pollution control board for establishment of a sanitary landfill site and compost plant is

essential and secondly, no water pollution should be caused by the leachate that is

emitted by the sanitary landfill site or a compost plant.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and amendments

thereon. The only aspect that should be considered in this law in regard to MSWM is

provision for levying and collection of cess on water consumed for the sanitary land

filling, composting and anaerobic digesters.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereon.

The aspects to be considered in this law with respect to MSWM is the need for

obtaining consent from the State Pollution Control Board for establishment of the

processing plants and disposal site and from an environmental aspect would be the

pollution caused by incineration plants, compost plants and landfill sites.

The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and its subsequent notifications. The

aspect in regard to MSWM would be the EIA notification, 1944, which states that for

any project to be authorized an EIA report should be submitted first.

The MOEF

Central Pollution Control Board

State Pollution Control Board

City Corporation


K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:5

LEGAL

FRAMEWORK

regarding MSWM

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MSWM - Important landmarks and funding initiatives of GoI

Roles & responsibilities of Institutions in SWM

Responsible institutions Roles and responsibilities in SWM

Government of India and State Governments

Make Central/ State-level laws and rules; frame

policies; prepare guidelines, manuals, and

technical assistance; provide financial support

Municipal authorities and state government

Plan for MSWM treatment facilities

Municipal authorities Collect, transport, treat and dispose of waste

Municipal authorities with state government

approval

Frame bylaws; levy and collect fees

Municipal authorities, State and central

governments

Capital investment in SWM systems

Responsibilities allotted to different levels of Government regarding MSWM in INDAI are :

Local Government

At the sub-state level, the District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of the

concerned district had the overall responsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of

the MSWM Rules, 2000 within the territorial limits of their jurisdiction.

At the city/ULB level, every municipal authority within the territorial area of the

municipality was responsible for implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for

any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation,

processing and disposal of municipal solid waste.

MOUD

Formulates broad policies for

sanitation sector including SWM

Prepares Guidelines/benchmarks for

SWM services

Supports SWM projects under

JnNURM/UIDSSMT schemes

Facilitative role for ULB’s capacity

building

CPHEEO,technical wing of MOUD

Assists in technical matters on SWM.

Prepare guidelines like technical

manual on SWM.

MOEF

Directly involved by way

of development of MSWM

rules under the

Environmental protection

Act,1986.

CPCB

Plays a monitoring role

by convening meetings of

various members of

SPCB’s.

Seek information

regarding initiatives taken

by ULB’s

Central Government Level

Department of Urban

Development

Secretary in charge: Overall

responsibility for the enforcement

of SWM Rules(Management&

Handling),2000.

State level Nodal

Agency(SLNA)

Project monitoring

Units(PMU’s)

State Pollution

Control Board(SPCB)

Plays a monitoring

role.

Issues an

authorization to ULB’s

State Government Level

Source: GOI-ADB-PPP Initiative 2006


K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:6

Apex authorities in

MSWM

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Salient Features of MSW Rules, 2000

Responsibility of the Urban Local Body

The Rule designates the Urban Local Bodies as sole responsible to manage solid waste in their area

Prohibits waste to be exposed to open atmosphere;

Prohibits waste disposal by burning (garbage, dry leaves) in open

Collection of MSW

Mandates collection of waste from slums and open squatter areas, hotels/restaurants/office complexes and

commercial areas;

Avoid Manual handling of waste, and ensure that the waste is collected and removed from the municipal

area daily;

Vehicles used for transportation of wastes to be covered;

Bio degradable waste and non bio-degradable waste must be collected in separate bins from source. Waste

bins for biodegradable waste shall be painted ‘Green’, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed

‘White’ and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed ‘Black’:

Construction/demolition wastes/debris to be separately collected and disposed off following proper norms;

Stray animals are to be kept out from the waste storage facilities

Processing of MSW

Recover recyclables from the waste mass before treating for biodegradable portion of the waste;

Treatment of organic waste through biodegradation such as vermi composting,

Disposal of MSW

Municipal body to develop scientifically designed landfill as disposal facility for residues out of waste

processing facilities, as well as pre-processing rejects or unprocessed mixed waste (applicable if the waste is

not fit for any treatment) in a scientifically designed sanitary landfill for a long term of 20 – 25 years.

Site suitability criteria to be ensured for selection of landfill sites

Land filling of mixed waste must be avoided, unless the waste is found unsuitable for waste processing.

Under unavoidable circumstances or till installation of alternate facilities, land-filling shall be done following

proper norms.

Monitoring of Pollution

Municipality to take adequate pollution prevention steps for all its waste

management and handling units

Measures to reduce air pollution typically in case the unit has a waste to

energy units.

Environment Monitoring (ground and surface water, air quality) for waste

handling site

Awareness Programs

The municipality to be engaged in encouraging citizens, by organize awareness

programs for segregation of waste at source and promote recycling or reuse of

segregated materials through community participation programs involving

representatives of local resident welfare associations, community based

organizations(CBOs) and nongovernmental organizations

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:7 Municipal Solid Waste Management

MSW Rules,2000

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Composting

Composting is an organic method of producing compost manure by decomposition and stabilization of organic

matter. Compost is particularly useful as organic manure which contains plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous

and potassium) as well as micro nutrients which can be utilized for the growth of plants.

Composting can be carried out in two ways –

Aerobically (with the presence of oxygen) or

Anaerobically (without the presence of oxygen) or vermi-composting.

Aerobic composting

In aerobic process, aerobic micro-organisms oxidize organic

compounds to carbon dioxide, nitrite and nitrate. This carbon is

used as a source of energy while nitrogen is recycled (high

nitrogen waste will grow bacteria).

Aerobic process needs high maintenance in monitoring air, moisture and high temperatures in the system. Some

of the basic aerobic composting techniques are Indore composting, windrow composting, vermi composting,

in-vessel composting, etc.

INDORE METHOD:

Raw materials:

Mix plant residues, weeds, Urinated Mud, leaves, grass, wood ashes, bran etc.

Size of PIT: Breadth -5-8 feet, Depth-5 feet ( not more than 7 feet),Length -7 feet or more as per requirement.,

Water.

Filling the composting pits:

VERMI-COMPOSTING

Requirements:

Earthworms,Pre digested organic waste,water,concrete floor under

shade.

Construct a pit of 3 x 2 x 1 m size (L x W xD) over ground surface

using bricks. Size of pit may vary as per availability of raw materials

Fill the pit with following four layers:

1st layer – sand or sandy soil of 5-6 cm. This layer helps to drain excess

water from the pit.

2nd layer - paddy straw or other crop residue of 30 cm above 1st layer

which will be used for providing aeration to the pit.

3rd layer - 15 to 30 days old dung over paddy straw layer at a thickness

of 20-30 cm. This helps in initiating microbial activity.

4th layer - pre-digested material about 50 cm.Inoculate earthworm @

1000 worms per square meter area or 10 kg earthworm in 100 kg of

organic matter.Spray water on the bed and gunny bag. Maintain 50-

60% moisture of the pit by periodical water spraying.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

First of all, spread dry wastes with cattle dung and soil in ratio of 4:2:1 up to 2 inch layer in Composting pit.

Pit is filled with above materials up to 1 foot above the ground level . Afterwards, sprinkle the water over the

materials. One more layer of bedding material with wood ash and urinated mud should be added.

Turning: The material is turned three times for proper aeration and moisture.

First turning :

10-15 days after filling the pits.

Second turning :

15 days after first turning.

Third turning :

After 2 month of second turning

The foundation layer: 10–15 cm long)

The three basic layers

Layer 1: dry plant materials, soil, manure(20-25cm thick)

Layer 2: moist (green) plant materials(20-25cm thick))

Layer 3: dung, horse, mule or donkey manure, sheep, goat or chicken

droppings.(5-10cm)


Treatment Methods of

MSW

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Location:

Suryapet town has historical recognition as ‘Gate Way of Telangana’ in the Indian State of Andhra

Pradesh. It is a Grade One Municipality in Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh. Spread over 24 sq

km. Suryapet urban town was constituted during the year 1952, as Grade - III municipality.

Municipality has 34 no. of election wards, 3 no. of Revenue wards. It is also the Revenue

Divisional Head Quarter. It is located at 170-5’ North latitude and 790-37’ East longitude, on the

National High Way No.9 at a distance of 132 Kms east of Hyderabad.

History:

Historically it has no significance of worth mentioning. But Chalukyas, Kaatiya, and finally Nizam

dynasty ruled it. Suryapet Municipality was constituted in the year 1952 as Grade-III

Municipality, which was upgraded into Grade- II Municipality in the year 1984 and to Grade-I on

07-11-1998.The area of the town is 24 Sq.kms.

Topographic features:

The soil in and around the town is hard is hard gravel soil. Elevation of the town varies from + 169

meters to 184 mtrs above main sea level. The natural slope of the town is from North to South.

There are three tanks namely Pulla Reddy Tank, Chowdary Tank and Nallacheruvu Tank in the heart

of the town. Musi left canal passes through the town from west to east irrigating fields in and around

the town. The average ground water table is about 50 feet below ground level.

Solid waste Management:

Prior to 2003, the town suffered from poor sanitary standards. The frequency of garbage collection

was low, resulting in waste spillage around bins. Incidence of disease in the town’s populace was

high. In an effort to clean up the city, the Municipal Commissioner launched a ‘Zero-Based Solid

Waste Management’ initiative13 in early 2003, which was implemented on a phased basis. The key

elements of the initiative were: Source: http:// cdma.telangana.gov.in/Suryapet

Particulars about the town

Year of establishment 1952

Area 24 Sq.Km

Total population(2011 census) 105250

Total Number of households 25,000

Waste generated 62 tones per day

Implementation Strategy

The project was launched in two phases, both of which were implemented for the entire town:

• In January 2003, the municipal council started DTDC, and eliminated community dustbins

(approximately 360 bins). This resulted in significant improvement of the town’s civic

environment.

• From May 2003, a two-bin system was introduced. Nearly 52,000 green and red plastic

bins were distributed free of cost to all residential houses to enable segregation at source.

•The first phase had won the goodwill of the citizens by displaying the Municipality’s

commitment to improving living conditions.

•This facilitated the involvement of households in the implementation of the second phase, that

is, in doing segregation at source .Both these phases were accompanied by an aggressive

public outreach program (further details below) for creating awareness among the citizens and

ensuring their cooperation.

The key elements of the initiative were:

• Introduction of door-to-door (DTDC) collection of garbage.

• Eradication of community dustbins.

• Introduction of segregation at source.

• Installation of treatment and recycling facilities to minimize waste disposal requirements.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

SHEET NO:9

DESKTOP STUDY-1

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SEGREGATION AT SOURCE:

The pragramme is aimed such that waste collection bins is eliminated. Hence, approximately 360

roadside dustbins have been removed. In the second phase of the project, two bin system has been

introduced at the household level, wherein all the houses have been given two types of bins, one green

and other red by the municipality, at no cost. This is for better source segregation of waste. If the

households wish, the municipality has also offered to give individual households a vermi composting bed

to recycle bio-degradable waste at home.

TRANSPORTATION:

The transportation system has been designed so that the waste is picked up from the wards and is directly

taken to the recycling unit. Motorized three-wheelers are used for collecting waste from households

located on narrow lanes. On larger roads, the tractor is used. Both the tricycle and the tractor have two

compartments, one of which is used for wet Waste and the other for dry waste. The wet waste is

transported to the vermi-composting unit while the dry waste is taken to a recycling unit.

Public Communication Strategies:

The Municipal Council undertook aggressive efforts to generate public awareness and engage the

community. The nature of communication differed for each phase of the project..

PHASE Activity carried out

Phase-1 the message was a part of overall civic awareness. Street meetings were conducted

Phase-2 the campaign focused on segregation. Various communication channels—

distribution of leaflets, publicity in print and electronic media, street plays, pasting

of stickers on the doors of houses,

Institutional Arrangements

Municipal Commissioner

Sanitary INSPECTOR

Workers

Operating System

The town has been divided into seven zones (of approximately 4,000-5,000

households), with one tractor and 30-35 sanitary personnel assigned to each zone

for DTDC. Collection is done directly by tractor-trailers; no tricycles are used.

There is, therefore, minimal manual handling of wastes. Community dustbins

(approximately 360) have been entirely eliminated. To prevent street littering, pole

bins have been installed along footpaths.

Treatment and Disposal

The treatment and disposal site has composting sheds, beds, and a bore well pump.

A shed has also been constructed for further segregation of dry waste. During

treatment and disposal (a) dry waste is further segregated at a recycling shed, and

recyclables are packed and weighed. These are sold to paper and other industries

located in the vicinity; (b) organic waste is vermi-composted and sold to farmers

or used for horticulture purposes; and (c) rejects, debris, and other final waste is

used for leveling purposes.

60 percent of organic waste is composted, and 90 percent recyclable waste is sold

or reused..

Vermi composting of

bio degradable waste

Dump site

Home

Packed and sold Recycling shed

Bagged and sold

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


DESKTOP STUDY-1

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Municipal Solid Waste Management Sheet No:11

Financial Resources

The Suryapet Municipality spent about US$275,555 on cleaning up the town. The money

was spent primarily on equipping the residents with two separate dustbins, constructing the

vermi-compost and recycling sheds, and implementing training and awareness programs.

There was negligible increase in, and hence minimal expenditure on, operational

infrastructure. Apart from its own finances, the Municipality raised money from different

sources such as the Lions Club, industrial houses, and trade associations. The Municipality

implemented the program without any support from the central or state

government

Program Highlights

Achieved high levels of segregation at source.

Accomplished high landfill diversion rates (60

percent biodegradable waste; 90 percent

recyclables).

Led to income generation from sale of recyclables

and compost ~ US$1,770 per month.

Generated financial support from local trade and

civic groups.

Segregation of WET & DRY waste in SURYAPET

Segregation of BIO Degradable & NON degradable waste in SURYAPET TRACTOR TRALLY for MSW collection

Resulted in increased tax collections due to public goodwill generated by program.

Achieved engagement of all stakeholder groups, thereby ensuring smooth implementation.

Resulted in income generation and improved living conditions for slum population.

Led to minimal increase in vehicles and manpower.

Source: http://www.indiawaterportal.org/

Kanchrapara(West Bengal)

Kanchrapara was originally built as a township by Indian Railways. Today it has

expanded to include other economic activities as well, primarily small-scale trade and

services. Given municipal status in 1917, the wards in the non-Railway areas are managed

by the Kanchrapara Municipality (KM). The rapid growth of population in the non-

Railway areas had resulted in sharp increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation

in these areas. Secondary storage points for MSW (street side vats) were cleared only two

or three times a month, resulting in unhygienic conditions on the streets and in open

spaces. The Municipality was unable to keep the town clean, given its inadequate MSW

infrastructure and resources.

Profile of Town

Location about 48 km. from Kolkata in North

24 Parganas district of West Bengal

Area 3.07 sq. km.

No. of wards 19

Population (2011) 102,000

Quantity of solid waste generated Approximately 40 MT per day

The idea of a participatory approach to solid waste management (SWM) emerged in mid-

2002, in the course of discussions between the Vice Chairman, Kanchrapara

Municipality, and the then Chief Environment Officer, Government of West Bengal.

The inadequacy of financial resources with the Municipality necessitated the development

of a low cost service delivery model that could be implemented by the people themselves.

Based on community involvement. The main elements of the SWM program were:

Introduction of door-to-door collection (DTDC) of garbage against payment of a service

charge.

Constitution of SWM committees at the municipal and ward levels to oversee the SWM

function.

Substitution of community dustbins by mobile trailers.

Introduction of segregation at source to enable effective treatment of waste.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

DESKTOP STUDY-2

Key plan

Legend

Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

Kanchrapara Municipality

Municipal SWM Committee(municipal

councilors and other select nominees)

Ward SWM Committee(oversees all

O&M aspects of the DTDC service,

collection of charges, and maintaining

financial accounts)

Conservancy

department(street sweeping,

drain cleaning, transportation of

garbage composting operations)

Sector(150-180 HH)

1 supervisor

1 worker+Rikshaw

Private contractor

Compost making

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS :

Implementation Strategy

Launched in December 2002, the program was implemented on a ward wise basis, with the ward of the

Vice Chairman, Kanchrapara Municipality, serving as the pilot. Towards end-January 2003, the

Municipal Board adopted the necessary guidelines to run SWM committees at the municipal and ward

levels. By March 2005, 15 wards (out of 19) had adopted the program. To overcome the initial

reluctance to pay service charges, the new SWM system was operated free of charge for the first two

months in each ward. No ‘willingness to pay’ study, however, was done to arrive at the tariff structure.

Instead, a brief consultation exercise using ‘local wisdom’ led to the formulation of the differentiated

rate structure. The program did not meet with any resistance from the Municipality staff, since there

were no retrenchments under the program.

The Chairman and Vice Chairman were keen to improve the situation and willing to commit municipal

funds for the purpose, with the latter acting as the program champion.

Public communication: For each ward, the initial awareness creation was done primarily through group

meetings in the ward. Once the system was introduced in a particular ward, a campaign mode was

adopted, using posters, school competitions, and even the singing of songs by school children.

Operating System:

Each ward (average population:4,500) is split into four or six sectors; each sector consists of 150-180

Waste Generating Units2 (WGUs). Each sector is assigned one tricycle van accompanied by one waste

collector and one supervisor.

Source: http://www.indiawaterportal.org/

TIMINGS ACTIVITY carried out

Cleaning of main roads done in the Early morning by a team of sweepers

9 to 11 am DTDC in a segregated form

By 12 noon SW deposited in trailers located at specified points in ward.

12 noon to 2 pm Trailers towed by tractor to composting and disposal site .

After unloading, trailers returned to original locations

Financial Resources

Costs associated with DTDC are shared between the Kanchrapara Municipality and

ward-level SWM committees.

Kanchrapara Municipality SWM ward committee

One-time Costs

Two bins per family

Tricycles, bins (large), shovels or

spades

O&M costs for first two months

Awareness creation

Ongoing costs

Wages of workers and supervisors

Repairs and maintenance of tricycles

Replacement of tricycle bins

Gloves, raincoats, umbrellas

Signage's and beautification of vats

Administrative expenses for committee

Program Cost and Resource Mobilization

In the first two years of operation, the Kanchrapara SWM program has cost

US$66,700(US$44,444 under SFC, US$4,444 under Municipal funds &US$11,044

from Dept. of Environment of State Govt.)and covered 15 of the 19 wards.KM spends

an average of US$4,000 per ward for introducing the program, which include operating

expenses associated with DTDC, initial awareness creation, plus all equipment. Apart

from a small grant from the Department of Environment, there has been no additional

funding for the Municipality.

Program Highlights

High level of public participation and decentralization through ward-level SWM

committees.

Payment of charges by all households, due to transparency and accountability..

Segregation at source— approximately 60 percent.

Cost recovery: Service charges cover the full cost of DTDC.

Employment generation for 150 workers (50 percent women) from BPL population.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


DESKTOP STUDY-2

Key plan

Legend

Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

KANCHRAPARA(WEST BENGAL) SURYAPET(NALGONDA)

DTDC scope 100% 100%

Covered storage 30% No storage

Daily clearance Yes yes

Collection from bulk generators Yes yes

Covered transportation 30-40% partial

Treatment Centralized composting Centralized composting

Recycling Rag pickers scavenging from dump

sites

Centralized recycling center

Disposal Open dumping Open dumping

Emancipation of informal sector Employment generation for DTDC Employment generation for recycling

and treatment

Community participation Very high (through ward committees)

• Compliance

• Segregation at source

• User charges

• Operational control

Average

•Compliance

•Segregation at source

Program cost Approximately US$66,700 for 15 wards

(estimate for full town US$100,000)

Approximately

US$275,500

SUMMARY OF THE TWO DESKTOP STUDIES

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


SUMMARY OF

DESKTOP STUDIES

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1 HISTORY OF THE TOWN:

Jangaon town was constituted as Ill - grade municipality in the year 1953 and functioned its

duties properly. Subsequently in the year 1995, the new government has issued orders

declaring as Nagarpanchayat. The population of the town as per 1991 census is 34,305 and

divided into 20 election wards. By 2001 population rose by 43935.according to 2011

census1,population still increased to 52,394.The town is covered by 9.51 Sq. Kms, situated

on highway from Hyderabad to Warangal having with railway station on the line from

secunderabad to Vijayawada and New Delhi. There are so many industries, colleges and

infrastructural facilities besides many technical training centres. The town is having with all

kinds of major and minor business like rice mills, oil mills, agricultural market committee,

central ware house and all departmental offices at divisional level. The town is centrally

located between Hyderabad — Hanumakonda, Suryapet and Siddipet and Karimnagar road

etc.

The name Jangaon evolved from "Jain gaon" which means village of Jains, a religion of

India. Kolanpak (kulpak) in the Nalgonda district which is about 20 km from Jangaon is a

famous pilgrimage center for Jain people and it has much historical background.

When the Jain religion dominated in India, most of the tourists from different places of India

visited Kulpak. At that time most of the Jains settled in Jangaon, which was called Jaingaon

at that time.

Location

Jangaon town is located at 17°42' North Latitude and 79°09' East Longitude. The town is

situated at a distance of 58 Kms. from Warangal, the district headquarters, on the State

Highway (Hyderabad- Hanamkonda road). It is a Railway Station on the Hyderabad-Kazipet

section of the South Central Railway. The town is the second municipal town in the district of

Warangal.

Climate and Rainfall

Its climate generally tends to be dry and there is not much fluctuation in temperature . About

80% of the annual rainfall is received during the South-West monsoon period which

commences in the later part of June and ends with the month of October. Sandy loams and

clay loams are the types of soils found in and around the town.

Details

Total population 52,394

Male population 26,764

Female population 25,630

area 13.12 sq.km

No of Households 11530

Municipal wards 28

Slums notified 15

Sex ratio 958

Literacy rate 82.39 %

Work Profile

Out of total population, 18,099 were engaged in work or business activity. Of total 18099

working population, 89.20 % were engaged in Main Work while 10.80 % of total workers were

engaged in Marginal Work.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

Municipal Solid Waste Management -JANGAON SHEET NO:14

CASE STUDY-

INTRODUCTION

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Details

Water Supply Reservoirs 6

Capacity of WS 3.5 MLD

House Service

Connections

3417

Distribution Pipeline(KM) 22Km

Unserved Area 20%

No. of power Bores 35

No. of Hand Bores 318

Details

Pucca Drains(KM) 93

Kutcha Drains(KM) 30

Storm Water Drains(KM) 35

Unserved Area 30%

SANITATION

Garbage Generated\Day 29 MT

Garbage Lifted\Day 22 MT

Roads: CC Roads(KM) is 11.5, BT Roads is 15, Kutcha Roads(KM) is 44 km, Unserved Area 30%

AREA AND DEMOGRAPHY:

Jangaon was first constituted as 3rd grade municipality in the year 1953. The present area of the municipality is

13.12 Sq. Kms. the population of the town as per 1991 is 34,305 and the population as per 2001 census is

43,935.Thus, it may be observed that during 1991 to 2001, the growth rate is

about 18.87% per annum. If we see , Now from 2001 to 2011,population increased from 43935 to 52394.thus,

the growth rate can be 19.09 per cent.

TOPOGRAPHY:

The terrain of the town is almost flat ,with a gentle slope from north to South. This is the reason why drainage

and sewage lines are connected to a village nellutla,which is south to the town.

The area is composed of sandy, black cotton soil with a thickness ranging 2m to 3m.

HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:

The area is characterized by sand strata, which is fine to medium ground Ground water occurs in confined

conditions from 30 to 40 meters. The groundwater is being tapped by means of bore wells in the area, depth of

which tango from 30 to 40 m, and depth of the water table varies between 10 and 2() m, and the yield of the

bore wells is about 5,000 Iph.

The Ground water available in this area is not potable as they are unfit for human consumption.

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL:

The climate of the town is characterized by a hot summer. Its climate generally tends to be dry and there Is not

much fluctuation in temperature. The mean daily maximum temperature is 42°C and means daily minimum

temperature Is 28"

80% of the Rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon period Which

commence in later part of July and ends with the month of October. The normal

rainfall is about 40 Cms which is far below than the district i.e,60 Cms per

Annum. Sandy loams and clay loams are types of soil present in the town.

ECONOMIC BASE OF THE TOWN

GENERAL: The Jangaon town is main commercial centre for a region covering

about 45 villages in Surrounding to Jangaon Town. These Villages depend upon

Jangaon town. For marketing their agricultural produce and for procuring Their

consumer needs.

ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE TOWN IN RELATION TO THE

ECONOMY OF THE REGION:

Jangaon is a main trade centre in Warangal District. The weekly fair, the cloth

market and the cattle fair are being held on every Saturday and attended by about

one lakh people from all parts of the Warangal District and from some part of the

East Godavari District. The town serves as a retail, as well as whole sale market

for all consumer needs. There is an agricultural market yard for marketing the

agricultural produce brought from the surrounding villages. The APSRTC is

operating its bus services to places like Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada,

Siddipet, Suryapet etc. daily from Jangaon.

Trade

Jangaon town serves as an outlet for marketing the Agriculture produce of its

hinterland. There are so many industries located in the town. The town is having

with all kinds of Major and minor business like Rice Mills, Oil Mills,

Agricultural Market Committee, Central Ware House.

Educational and Medical Facilities:

There are Sixteen primary & high schools four degree colleges, four engineering

& 3 pharmacy colleges and Junior colleges in the Jangaon town which serve the

need of the higher education in the town. The Government Hospital located in the

town has a bed strength 100 beds. Besides, Private hospitals & Nursing homes

are run by private medical Practitioners.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

Municipal Solid Waste Management -JANGAON

Source: Jangaon Municipality

SHEET NO:15

CASE STUDY-

INTRODUCTION

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Orientation:

From the side graph,we can see that 92% of the structures in the Case study are Residential where as Commercial

structures comprises about 7% of total structures.Institutional,Public & Semi public structures contribute about 1% of

total structures.Industrial structures are Negotiable(below 1%).

Total waste generated in the municipality per day is 29 MT/Day.

Ward 1 has the Industrial Estate which Comprises of the Industries like Cotton Mills, Mattress making,Rexine works

,Welding for Automobiles and Rice Mills.

Ward 13,11 are the Top populous Wards in Municipality.

Ward 27 is comprised of Agriculture market yard and ware house.

Ward 17 has a Agriculture market which runs daily.

Per capita waste generation in the municipality is 0.453 kg/day.

MSW Generation in Jangaon municipality

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


Type of Land use No of Structures

Residential 8137

Commercial 578

Inst,Pub&Semi Pub 82

Industrial 18

Total 8815

486 526

293

463 432

454

352

425

363 358

503

415

523

335

483

408 399

473

398 356 363 369

458

298

475 474

281

367

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

No of Households

No of Households

2406 2297

1817 1759 1689 1714 1831 1701

1847 1748

3439

2262

3495

1603 1533 1711 1695

1531 1634 1624 1579 1651 1718 1506

1691 1648 1604 1661

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

WARD POPULATION

Population

Sources of MSW in the Municipality

73%

8%

6%

13%

Sources of Waste

residentail commercial Inst,pub&Semi Industrial

19

2 1.5

3.5


Amount of Waste Generated(MT/day)

Type of land use

92%

7%

1% 0%

Typology of Structures


3185

2540

823.101

398

765.117 776.442

1301

770.553 936

791.844

1884

1024.686

1583.235

726.159 694.449 775.083

1007

419 344

735.672 715.287 747.903 778.254 682.218

766.023 746.544

2213

1052

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Waste Generated

Waste Generated

From the Pie chart, we can see that almost 3/4th i.e.73% of the

total waste generated is Residential Waste where as Industrial

waste contributes about 13% of total Municipal solid waste in

the case study area.8% of the total waste is Commercial

waste.6% of the total Municipal solid waste is Institutional &

Public, Semi public waste.

SHEET NO:16

MSW Generation in

CASE STUDY

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Ward 22 Govt Area hospital

Ward 11 Near mini stadium

Ward 24 Railway station

Ward 16 Police station

Ward 17 Amma bai

Ward 5 Kurumawada

Ward 27 Sangam

Ward 1 Ambedkar nagar

Ward 6 Bus stand

Ward 7 Krishna kala mandir

Ward 23 Geetha nagar,ABV degree college

Ward 27 Grain market

Capacity of the bin is 1.5 Ton

Collection of MSW in Jangaon Municipality

Type of vehicle No’s Workers

Tractors 6 4 workers along with a Driver

Autos 3 2 workers along with a Driver

DCM 1 One worker and a Driver

Rickshaw 28 Puller cum worker

Dumper Bin 1 Driver

Municipal Street sweepers 136 Contract workers

Total workers 175

Particulars of Vehicles for MSW Collection

There are 12 dustbins in the town.

Households/Commercial/Industrial

structures

Door to Door collection( Rickshaws)

Tractors(Autos transfer waste to

tractors)

Autos(DTD waste is

transferred to Autos)

Dumper Bin Dump yard(located 7kms

away from town)

COLLECTION MECHANISM

One rickshaw is allotted for one ward i.e,28

rickshaws for 28 wards.

For every colony, Municipality provided

information regarding Sanitary Inspector and

Rickshaw worker. Mobile numbers of the

authorities & Municipal workers is provided on

the walls.

Out of Total 70.5 Kms road network,each

sweeper sweeps 518 meters per day.

Tractors Dumper bin

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA


SHEET NO:17

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


MSW Collection in CASE

STUDY

Key plan

Legend

Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


Municipal Commissioner

Sanitary INSPECTOR

PRP(Project Report Persons)

Workers

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS

Particulars of Vehicular Trips for MSW :

Type of vehicle No’s No of trips

Tractors 6 6 Trips/day

Autos 3 28 Trips/day

DCM 1 1 Trip/day

Rickshaw 28 28trip/day

Dumper Bin 1 1 trip/day

Information of MSW workers

Champak hills

Dumping yard

7 KM

DUMPING YARD

Dumping yard is located near CHAMPAK HILLS which is away from the town by 7 KM

on SH9( Jangaon-Siddipet ).

Dumping site is of the area 7 Acres where municipal waste is dumped on land without

treatment.

Municipal Dump yard

Dump Yard

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE MUNICIPALITY

Total allocated budget for MSWM is

1.8 Crores-Wages of Municipal workers/Annum

6 lakhs-maintainance of Vehicles/Annum

Diesel expenses of vehicles1.5 lakh per month

6 lakhs for Miscellaneous costs

Total costs for MSWM in the municipality are 2.10 crores.


SHEET NO:18

Institutional

Mechanism in CASE

STUDY

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Characteristics

Knowledge of chemical characteristics of waste is essential in determining the efficacy of any

treatment process. Chemical characteristics include (i) chemical; (ii) bio-chemical; and (iii)

toxic. Chemical: Chemical characteristics include pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N-

P-K), total Carbon, C/N ratio, and calorific value.

No specific study has been carried out for chemical analysis of the waste

Type of Waste

S.no Waste type Amount of

Watse(MT)

% in Total Waste

1 Paper and card

board

1.45 5%

2 Plastics

1.67 6%

3 Rags

1.45 5%

4 Glass,Metals

4.17 14%

5 Rubber/Leathers

4.35 15%

6 Sand&Earth

2.9 10%

7 Compostable

matter

13.05 45%

Activity Whether carried out in Study area or not

Storage The waste is stored in the household and in

the shops until it is collected by door to door

collector

Collection Door to door collection method is adopted in

municipality

Recyclable waste is not segregated at

household or Community level in the

municipality

Sweeping Gloves and Footwear are not provided for

workers protection

Transfer and Transport

.

The waste collected in the pushcarts and

rickshaws from lanes an meet at

Synchronisation point and the waste is

transferred from pushcart to the truck

All kinds of waste material is lifted into the

Truck

All trucks have mesh covering,none have

polythene covering

No segregation of waste in intermediate

station

Process No processing carried out prior to disposal

Disposal Disposal site in Champakh hills

Waste burnt emitting toxic fumes and causing

air pollution

Waste is dumped in heaps causing scattering

Soil contamination

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

Source: Secondary Data, Jangaon Municipality

Overview of MSWM in Jangaon Municipality

SHEET NO:19 Municipal Solid Waste Management -JANGAON

Overview of MSWM

in Case study

Key plan

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Scale:

Orientation:

4 Persons/HH 22

<4 Persons/HH 26

5 & >5 Persons/HH 38

26%

30%

44%

size of HH

4

<4

5 and >5

35%

52%

13%

INCOME of HH

4k-10k

>10k-20k

>20k-40k

4 K to 10K 30

>10K to 20K 44

>20K& Above 11

Availability of Dustbins

Unavailability of Dust bins 65

Availability of Dustbins 20

76%

24%


Unavailability of Dustbins


Observation:

Out of all the samples,44% HH are having 5 & above

5 persons and 30% HH are having <4 persons and

26% are having 4 persons per household.

Thus we can say that the average Household size in

Case study is greater than National average

Household size.

Observation:

52% of samples falls under range of 10-20

Thousand monthly income category.11% samples

falls above the range of 20 thousand per month

income.From this we can say that MSW charges

can be collected officially.

Observation

Size of Household

INCOME PER HOUSEHOLD

76% of samples do not has a Dustbin for disposing

their garbage.. This says that there is a scope

for provision of Municipal dustbins in the

unserved areas.

T

Vehicle used for MSW collection

Rickshaws 58

Auto Trolleys 27 32%

68%

Vehicle for MSW collection

Auto trolly

Rikshaw

Observation

68% households waste is collected &

transported by Rickshaws while other 32% are

collecetd by auto trolleys.. This says that the

coverage is 100% in the Municipality.

32%

68%

Frequency of Street sweeping

Irregular

Daily

Irregular Frequency 27

Daily 58

Frequency of Street sweeping

Observation

68% samples streets get sweeped daily while other

32% are at irregular intervals.. . This says that

street sweeping is not carried out frequently in

Municipality.

42%

58%

Problems faced due to MSW

faced problem

didn't any face problem Faced Problems 36

Did not face any problem 49

Problems due to MSW:

69%

31%

Complaints on MSWM

didn't complain

Complained to Authorities

Complaints on MSWM:

Complained to SI 26

Didn’t complain 59

Observation

Observation

31% i.e 26 samples out of 85 samples has a

complaint regarding Municipal solid waste & its

management..

42% i.e 36 samples out of 85 samples has accepted

that they faced problems due to Municipal solid

waste & its management. We can say that people

facing problems due to Solid waste i.e. Mosquito

breeding, Bad odor

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


ANALYSIS

Key plan

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Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

54% 31%

7%

8%

Redressal of complaints

within one day

1-2 days

>2 days

Not yet Redressed

Redressed within one day 14

Redressed within 1-2 days 8

Redressed within >2days time 2

Not yet redressed 2

REDRESSAL OF COMPLAINTS FROM

PUBLIC

Aware of PRP’s 19

Don’t know PRP’s 66 22%

78%

Awareness on PRP's

Aware of PRP's

Un aware of PRP's

AWARENESS REGARDING PRP’S

76%

24%

Aware of SWM worker for Colony

Aware of SWM worker

Unaware of SWM worker

AWARENESS REGARDING MSW WORKERS

Aware of Workers 65

Unaware about workers 20

78% lack awareness about Project reporting persons

who are a key persons in taking initiatives of

Municipality regarding MSWM.Municipal

Authorities such as Commissioner, Sanitary

Inspector should keep meetings of PRP’s within

specified intervals.Thus we can improve the

interaction between Public and PRP group which

will eventually lead to increase in awareness

regarding Municipal Solid Waste Management.

Despite of writing on walls & making public

aware,24% lack awareness about their

respective Colony MSW street worker.

As alredy seen,out of 26 complaints given, 54%

complaints are being redressed within one day while

31% gets redressed within 1-2 days.while 8%

complaints got yet to be redressed. This says that

the SLB has to reach Service Level Benchmark for

Redressed.

ISSUES IDENTIFIED:

In the study area, there is no segregation of wastes at Source i.e(Household level)

There are 4 locations in wards 3,9,21,27,where the MSW is not carried properly by

Municipal workers.

Existing Municipal dustbins are not cleared properly in time intervals.

Although the Door to Door collection municipal solid waste is 100%,the Street sweeping

is not done daily.

From the analysis, it can be emphasized that 46% of the complaints are redressed with

time being taken above one day.

Municipality has set up a mechanism called PROJECT REPORTING PERSONS groups

which are not active.

From primary analysis, we can see that Majority of the public are not aware of PRP

groups.

PRP groups are inactive in all the wards.

No Transfer station in the municipality. Waste is transferred on the roads from rickshaws

to tranctors,tractors to dumper bin.

Illegal fees is charged on public for Municipal solid waste Collection by MSW workers.

Collected MSW is not Scientifically treated.

MSW in the study area is Openly dumped which emphasises that there would be

Environmental issues due to Open dumping .

Burning of the Municipal Solid waste at the Dumping Yard

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


ANALYSIS

Key plan

Legend

Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University


ISSUES

Key plan

Legend

Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

STRENGTH

1) Door to Door collection is available

2) Street sweeping is properly carried out by municipality

3) Institutional framework of PRP groups for every ward

4) Rickshaw for every ward.

5) Institutional framework like providing MSW workers information. For every ward.

6) Residential waste constitutes maximum share of the municipal solid waste generation.

7) Availability of dustbins at Key points in the town

WEAKNESS

1) No segregation at household level is carried out

2) Unavailability of Dustbins at some places of Town

3) PRP groups are not active

4) No Treatment of MSW is done

5) Open Dumping

6) No separate charges for MSW

OPPORTUNITY

1) Provision of Dustbins for Garbage Collection

2) Treatment of MSW can be done at Dumping yard

3) Segregation of MSW at Household level

THREAT

1) Effects of MSW dumping yard over GEETHA ASHRAM

2) No Buffer zone for Dumping yard

3) Diseases due to Untreated waste

4) Contamination of Soil due to open dumping of Municipal solid waste.

5) Bio waste is also dumped along with the MSW.

PROPOSALS:

1) Provision of 2 Dustbins for every Household in order to segregate the Municipal solid

waste at Household level.

2) Provision of Municipal Dustbins for every ward.

3) Collecting separate charges for MSWM

4) Active participation of PRP’s in the MSWM

5) Composting of the waste has to set up.

6) Inorganic waste should be recycled

WEAKNESS PROPOSAL/STRATEGY TIME PERIOD

No segregation at household level is

carried out

Provision of two Dustbins RED &

GREEN for Organic and Inorganic

wastes.

Immediate

Provision of Municipal Dustbins for

every ward

Provision of dustbins for the wards which

don’t have a Municipal Dustbin.

16 Dustbins are to be provided .

Immediate

No Treatment of MSW Provision of vermi Composting for the

Treatment of MSW

Short term

Open Dumping

Sanitary Landfill for disposal of

Inorganic waste

Short term

Inactive PRP groups PRP Meetings should be held weekly.

Concessions in SWM charges for active

members

Short term

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

PROPOSALS:


SWOT,PROPOSALS

Key plan

Legend

Title of the sheet:

Scale:

Orientation:

1,CENTRALISED Treatment of MSW(Vermi composting)

The Municipality produces around 13 MT of Organic compostable wastes per Day.In order to utilize the

waste and turning it into manure,we are going to install Vermi Composting beds which are 13 in number

where each bed composts 1 ton of organic waste with one KG of earthworms in each bed.

Requirements:

Earthworms,Pre digested organic waste,water,concrete floor under shade.

Construct a pit of 3 x 2 x 1 m size (L x W xD) over ground surface using bricks. Size of pit may vary as

per availability of raw materials

Fill the pit with following four layers:

1st layer – sand or sandy soil of 5-6 cm. This layer helps to drain excess water from the pit.

2nd layer - paddy straw or other crop residue of 30 cm above 1st layer which will be used for providing

aeration to the pit.

3rd layer - 15 to 30 days old dung over paddy straw layer at a thickness of 20-30 cm. This helps in

initiating microbial activity.

4th layer - pre-digested material about 50 cm.Inoculate earthworm @ 1000 worms per square meter area or

10 kg earthworm in 100 kg of organic matter. Spray water on the bed and gunny bag. Maintain 50-60%

moisture of the pit by periodical water spraying.

K.Ravi varma,

11011ba019,

B.Tech(Planning),

viii Sem

JNAFAU,SPA

Jawaharlal Nehru


University

2.SEGREGATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE at HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

Provision of Red and Green dustbins for the segregation of municipal solid waste at the

household level.This helps in dividing the Organic and Inorganic wastes at the initial

stage of collection of waste.Segregation helps in sending organic wastes for Treatment

plant easily.

There are 11530 Households in the Municipality.This requires around 23,060 Dustbins.

3.PROVISION OF COMMUNITY DUSTBINS

Provision of Municipal Community Dustbins in 5 wards viz,2,3,21,27 which are

problematic by open dumping in the respective localities. This requires 5

community dustbins with the capacity of 1.5MT

4.INACTIVE PRP GROUPS

Project Reporting Persons meeting has to be held every week so that common

people gets involved in the Development process.PRP groups can educate people

over MSWM issues related to public. This increases the awareness among public

regarding MSW programmes and increases public participation in MSWM.

5.UNOFFICIAL COLLECTION OF MSWM CHARGES.

Strict actions are to be taken on the workers who collect charges such that nobody

commits the mistake. This can be achieved by active Project Reporting Persons.

COSTING FOR VERMI COMPOSTING BEDS:

S.no PARTICULARS QUANTITY RATE(RS.) AMOUNT(RS.)

1 Wooden ballies 20 50 1000

2 Wooden 25 60 1500

3 Shade mats for covering the roof 125 25 3125

4 Binding wires for tying wooden ballies&

mats

20kg 50 1000

5 Labour charges for erection of sheds 20 100 2000

6 Shovels,spades,crowbars,ironbaskets 2500

7 Organic waste

8 Worms @3kg per ton 35 kg 90 3150

9 Formation of vermin bed with Solid waste

and worms

20 bed 250 5000

8150

Cost for 13 cycles 105950 rs.

Source: Integrated watershed management program, Gujarat


PROPOSALS,

COSTING