solid waste & recycling october/november 2009

Solid Waste& RecyclingSolid Waste& RecyclingCanada’s magazine on collection, hauling, processing and disposalOctober/November 2009 $10.00

CPMP No. 40069240 An EcoLog Group Publication

Advancements in Scale House Tech — page 24

Co-Composting in the Scenic Town — page 8

BANFF BIOSOLIDS

IC&I Waste

Diversion

Case Studies

pages 14-17

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October/November 2009 www.solidwastemag.com 3

C O N T E N T S

Solid Waste & RecyclingCanada’s magazine on collection, hauling, processing & disposal

October/November 2009Volume 14, Number 4

Packaging, pg.20 MRF Equipment, pg. 24 Product Stewardship, pg. 28

COVER STORY

Co-Composting in Banff 8Biosolids pose unique challenges in out-of the-way places, especially in scenic tourist destinations. We look at the Town of Banff’s co-composting program.by Paul van der Werf & Chad Townsend

DEPARTMENTSEditorial 4Up Front 6Event Report 18MRF Equipment 24Waste Business 34Regulation Roundup 36Products 37News 42Ad Index 45Blog 46

NEXT EDITIONSUPPLEMENT: Annual Buyer’s Guide &

Directory

Evaluating single-stream recycling • MRF equipment. • New compost systems • Roll-off containers and binsSpace closing: November 19 Artwork required: November 21 Advertisers, contact Publisher Brad O’Brien at 1-888-702-1111 ext. 2.

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FEATURES

DIVERSION: COMMERCIAL WASTEPMG’s “One Step” diversion program.by Clarissa Morawski 14

IC&I WASTE: WASTE MINIMIZATIONThree companies with award-winning programs.by Carl Friesen 16

PACKAGING: BEVERAGE CONTAINERSResults from The Beer Store’s WDO report.by Clarissa Morawski 20

PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP: STYROFOAMLondon Drugs styrofoam diversion program.by Guy Crittenden 28

INFRASTRUCTURE: APPROVALSComprehensive Certifi cates of Approval.by Pam Russell 29

RECYCLING: CURBSIDE PROGRAMSAccess to recycling across Canada.by Cathy Cirko 32

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“Byproducts that once sold for $150/tonne as protein have

become an (estimated)$50/tonne liability.”

by Guy CrittendenE D I T O R I A L

Deadstock

4 www.solidwastemag.com October/November 2009

Few real life phenomena more closely approximate science fi ction horror than the prion responsible for bovine spongiform encephal-opathy (BSE), commonly known as “mad cow disease.” The story

of how BSE got into the human food chain — precipitating a health scare and the slaughter of millions of herd animals (especially in the United Kingdom) — is well known. Less well known is how regulated changes in the handling of animal byproducts devastated the rendering industry by turning formerly profi table materials into expensive hard-to-dispose-of wastes.

BSE creates holes in the brain (hence “spongiform”); “downer” cows begin to stagger and eventually collapse and die. The human vari-ant, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), similarly causes dementia and death, and belongs to a family of transmissible spongiform encephalop-athies that affect a wide range of animals. Fear that BSE-infected meat could cause illness in humans led to the precautionary destruction of herds and became a trade issue, with bans established against meat from countries with even a single BSE case.

BSE investigations triggered close scrutiny of the slaughtering, pro-cessing and rendering industries where, it turned out, animal byproducts were being turned into feed in a cycle never contemplated by Mother Nature. Ruminants and non-ruminants alike — including household pets — were eating one another’s processed offal, creating an environ-ment in which the BSE prion could fl ourish.

This is where the science fi ction horror comes in. The BSE prion, it turns out, is virtually indestructible. It can survive for many months in such unlikely places as a blood splattered slaughterhouse wall, weather-ing hot and freezing temperatures, ready to drop back into meat prod-ucts, to be consumed and again infect an unsuspecting host. The prion can even survive fi re, so it turns out that when the authorities burned animal carcasses across Great Britain, they unwittingly spread prions across the lands of grazing animals, for future take up into the food chain.

In July 1997 the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) passed a mammalian-to-ruminant feed ban that was enhanced by a stricter ban in July 2007. The 2007 “enhanced feed ban” regulation requires segrega-tion of all specifi ed risk material (“SRM” — the “crax” composed of brains, eyes, spinal columns, ganglia, large intestine, etc.) through meat processing, rendering and disposal. SRM is no longer allowed in any type of feed, pet food or fertilizer.

The CFIA posts the reports on each case of BSE confi rmed in Can-ada. There have been 15 since May 2003. Interestingly, with each case the government extols that the animal was intercepted before entering the food chain and uses this as proof that our random BSE testing pro-gram works. The reality is that every one of these sick animals was a downer cow, so it was not random testing that brought it to attention. For case histories you can visitwww. inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/

comenqe.shtmlThe enhanced ban protects animal and human health, but has im-

pacted livestock producers, meat processors and (especially) the render-ing industry.

Prior to the EFB taking effect, Canadian renderers had already re-structured their operations to process ruminant and non-ruminant meat

and byproducts in separate plants. This was not in response to Canadian regulation but rather to a U.S. requirement that all non-ruminant derived proteins be produced in rendering plants certifi ed by the U.S. Depart-ment of Agriculture as being free from ruminant products. The segrega-tion of facilities cost the rendering companies a great deal of money; although the government has provided some fi nancial assistance, indus-try consolidation has occurred. Ironically, the US feed ban — referred to as “feed ban lite” by some in Canada — is not so onerous and doesn’t impose the same segregation, machine and plant cleaning, and disposal restrictions, thereby giving U.S. processors a cost advantage. Regulatory compliance costs and time frames have long been bones of contention in Canada on a number of fronts. These include veterinarian drug approv-als, feed variety approvals, plant inspection costs, etc. Small producers have been pushed out, replaced by a few large processors who dominate with their economies of scale.

The bottom line for industry is that the 65,000 tonnes or so of SRM that rendering plants once sold for $150 per tonne as protein have now become an (estimated) $50/tonne liability. Disposal options are few due to the nature of the material (which is unsuitable for a municipal land-fi ll), so SRM must be sent to specially approved landfi ll facilities.

The Canadian Renderers Association is supporting research to deter-mine if SRM might be composted back into a useable product — pri-marily fertilizer. Given the virtually indestructible nature of the prion responsible for BSE, it will be interesting to see how these tests turn out. The association’s members are being asked to make major investments to run SRM in separate batches (for different end products). This is not easy in continuous feed processes, especially when the CFIA’s segrega-tion rules governing SRM are very strict.

A disposal option under consideration is cement plants, where the high temperature and long residence time would certainly destroy the BSE prion. This alternative is currently used in Europe. However, imple-mentation in Canada has so far been inhibited by cost factors and en-vironmental permitting requirements. This is an area where policy-makers could assist by expediting approval of any environmentally-sound systems that can thoroughly (and affordably) destroy the SRM that must be kept out of the food chain.

Guy Crittenden is editor of this magazine. Contact Guy at [email protected]

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Guy Crittenden [email protected]

Brad O’Brien [email protected]

Jamie Ross Account [email protected]

Sheila Wilson Art DirectorKim Collins Market ProductionSelina Rahaman Circulation ManagerCarol Bell-Lenoury Mgr EcoLog GroupBruce Creighton President

Business Information GroupContributing Editors

Michael Cant, Rosalind Cooper, Maria Kelleher, Clarissa Morawski, Usman Valiante, Paul van der Werf

Award-winning magazine

Solid Waste & Recycling magazine is published six times a year by EcoLog Information Resources Group, a divi-sion of BIG Magazines L.P., a leading Canadian busi-ness-to-business information services company that also publishes HazMat Management magazine and other infor-mation products. The magazine is printed in Canada.

Solid Waste & Recycling provides strategic informa-tion and perspectives on all aspects of Canadian solid waste collection, hauling, processing and disposal to waste managers, haulers, recycling coordinators, landfi ll and compost facility operators and other waste industry professionals.

Canadian Publications Mail ProductSales Agreement No. 40069240

Information contained in this publication has been com-piled from sources believed to be reliable, thus Solid Waste & Recycling cannot be responsible for the absolute correctness or suffi ciency of articles or editorial contained herein. Articles in this magazine are intended to convey information rather than give legal or other professional ad-vice. Reprint and list rental services are arranged through the Publisher at (416) 510-6798.

Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to:Circulation Department, Solid Waste & Recycling12 Concorde Pl, Ste 800, Toronto, ON M3C 4J2Call: (416) 442-5600 Fax: (416) 510-5148E-mail: [email protected]

From time to time we make our subscription list available to select companies and organizations whose product or service may interest you. If you do not wish your contact information to be made available, please contact us via one of the following methods:Phone: 1-800-268-7742 Fax: 416-510-5148E-Mail: [email protected] to: Privacy Offi cer Business Information Group 12 Concorde Pl, Ste 800 Toronto, ON Canada M3C 4J2

Solid Waste & Recycling, USPS 018-886 is published bimonthly by Business Information Group. US offi ce of publication: 2424 Niagara Falls Blvd, Niagara Falls, NY 14304-0357. Periodicals Postage Paid at Niagara Falls, NY. US postmaster: Send address changes to Solid Waste & Recycling, PO Box 1118, Niagara Falls, NY 14304.

We acknowledge the fi nancial support of the Government of Canada through the Publications Assistance Program towards our mailing costs.

© 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without priorconsent. ISSN-1483-7714

PAP Registration No. 10991

Solid Waste & RecyclingSolid Waste & Recycling Canada’s magazine on collection, hauling, processing & disposal

The Forest Stewardship Council logo signifies that this magazine is print-ed on paper from responsibly managed forests. “To earn FSC certification and the right to use the FSC label, an organization must first adapt its man-agement and operations to conform to all applicable FSC requirements.” Our paper – Arborweb – contains 30 per cent post-consumer recycled content.For more information, visit www.fsc.org

U P F R O N T

New MunicipalMedia offi ce

Municipal Media has moved into a new head offi ce in Toronto. The company is known to municipal readers for its Custom Built Calendars — an online service that allows recycling and waste program coordinators to create calendars that edu-

cate the public about such things as set-out days, what may be recycled, interesting facts, etc. Here’s the new address and other contact info:

Municipal Media276 Carlaw Ave., Suite 208A

Toronto, ON M4M 3L1Toll free: 1-888-343-3363 x1

Email: [email protected]: www.custombuiltcalendars.com

Municipal Media President Creighton Hooper chats with clients at the opening of the company’s

new head offi ce in Toronto, Ontario, located in a renovated factory-style loft.

Municipal Media President Creighton Hooper chats with clients at the opening of the company’s

Former RCO Executive Director releases album

John Hanson, the former Executive Director of the Recycling Council of Ontario (RCO) has released a music album, It’s a Sin to Tell a Lie.Hanson’s musical talents are well known to many in Ontario’s recycling community;

this album will allow a much wider audience to enjoy his considerable singing, guitar play-ing and song arranging talent.

Hanson was the Executive Director of the Recycling Council of Ontario for 15 years when they won the United Nations Award for a little program called the Blue Box back in 1989. Today John resides in Ottawa with his wife and son.Simply write to John at [email protected] and provide your return mail address and the promotional code SWR Or visit www.johnhansonmusic.com to sample tunes fi rst.

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Metro Vancouver’s adoption of the “Zero Waste Challenge” — a “sustainable” framework for its waste management — was the focus of discussion at the Waste Management Forum Ser-

ies, Part 1, hosted by The Vancouver Board of Trade.The forum was the fi rst in a series that will explore various solu-

tions and opinions on proposals for waste management in Vancouver. Metro Vancouver has set a goal to increase the rate of diversion (re-cycling and composting) from the current 55 per cent to 70 per cent by 2015.

Discussions centered around the diversion and landfi ll/zero waste option as well as a recent report compiled for Metro Vancouver by AECOM Canada Ltd. The report analyzes the waste to energy (WTE), landfi lling, and mechanical biological treatment (MBT) options for managing waste after diversion, comparing their economic and en-vironmental implications.

Mary Anne Davidson, chair of The Vancouver Board of Trade’s Community Affairs Committee, opened the forum by welcoming the sponsor, participants and speakers.

“Metro Vancouver is facing a momentous decision, and needs to look at the environmental impacts of the different options,” said fi rst speaker Dr. Jeffrey Morris. principal of Sound Resource Management.

“A zero waste strategy is the best solution for Metro Vancouver, with waste disposal acting as an interim solution,” he added.

Morris stated he preferred a landfi ll strategy for waste disposal over the WTE solution recommended in the AECOM report, due to climate, human health, and environmental factors.

Morris said his own research suggests it’s possible for Metro Van-couver to achieve an even higher level of diversion at 80 per cent. He mentioned several strategies that would encourage “zero waste,” such as linear garbage rates and sin taxes, and touched on achievements in Seattle, where 97 per cent of yard trimmings are composted due to regulatory bans in place.

Paul Levelton, director of KPMG’s Global Infrastructure and Pro-jects Group, stressed the need for more information in order to make

a good decision on what Metro Vancouver should do for future waste management.

“The majority of the costs of the waste disposal solution will be levied on the business community,” Levelton said, with Metro Van-couver generating approximately 3.4 million tonnes of waste per year. He believes that with the risks and uncertainty of the costs involved, Metro Vancouver will need to take into consideration the changes in new capital costs, changes in waste volume, and the possible impact of removing organic food waste from waste disposal.

Levelton suggested Metro Vancouver perform a detailed fi nan-cial analysis, assess risk, and assess non-fi nancial matters (through a multi-criteria analysis), in order to make a fully informed decision.

He said the costs of landfi ll practices are known, and will likely be consistent with current experience but WTE and MBT costs and risks are uncertain and harder to account for.

Levelton called for more information in order to fully complete a thorough multi-criteria analysis of all the available waste man-agement options by including the implications on fi nancial, human health, ecosystem toxicity, climate change, operational fl exibility, public acceptability, customer, public policy compatibility, and eco-nomic development considerations.

He also stressed he felt more time and information is needed to fully assess the waste after diversion disposal options.

A question and answer session followed, including a question from Patricia Ross, chair of the Fraser Valley Regional District, who asked about the waste management solution’s impact on agricultural food sources; Dr. Morris responded by explaining a methodology in-volving Toluene and Mercury levels.

Ted Rattray, senior vice-president of Belkorp, was also in attend-ance and talked about the status of the Cache Creek landfi ll. An ap-plication to extend the life of the current landfi ll for two years is in the fi nal stages of the approval process and an application for a long-term extension of the landfi ll on an adjacent piece of property is going through the government approval process as well.


VANCOUVER DEBATES ZERO WASTE

Mary Anne Davidson, chair of The Vancouver Board of Trade’s Community Affairs Committee, opened the forum by welcoming the sponsor,

participants and speakers. The event was held at the Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue.

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Banff Biosolids


“Banff produces high quality compost from its biosolids. This high quality production is expected to continue with the addition of food wastes.”

C O V E R S T O R Y by Paul van der Werf & Chad Townsend

The scenic Town of Banff is a unique community nestled within Banff National Park in Alberta. Over the years the town has worked diligently to reduce the environmental impact created by its residents, businesses and the town’s up to fi ve million annual visitors.

The town has been composting its biosolids with woodchip amend-ment since 2003; more recently, food waste has been co-composted with biosolids.

In-vessel composting is undertaken at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); uncured compost has been cured and used for remediation purposes at an old landfi ll in the park. This site is now considered re-habilitated, but remains in use as an interim site for excess compost cur-ing and for storage.

The town sought to identify and justify suitable locations for both the curing and end use of the composted product, and to establish appropri-ate protocols/mitigations for both activities. With a limited town land base, sites in the wider park had to be considered (with the agreement of Parks Canada, of course).

A study was undertaken to help fi nd a new curing location and to identify options for compost curing and fi nished biosolids compost util-ization. While composted biosolids have been identifi ed as an organic material for ecological restoration in Canada’s protected areas (Parks Canada and the Canadian Parks Council, 2008), concerns were raised

Using biosolids compost in a national park

locally about the potential impacts of chemical constituents that may be present in the biosolids and possibly the biosolids compost. The study included a Risk Assessment to help identify, assess and manage any risks to public health/safety and ecological integrity from the curing and end-use of biosolids composts. The study has some further implications regarding the use of biosolids compost: if it’s acceptable for use in a beautiful national park where requirements are very stringent, it can (in theory) be used almost anywhere.

The project was undertaken by 2cg Inc. and Golder Associates. It was jointly funded by the town along with Parks Canada and, given the province’s interest in the fi ndings, Alberta Environment.

The analysis of biosolids compost using conventional laboratory testing and ecotoxicity testing (i.e., receptor exposure toxicology) re-sulted in a Risk Assessment and ultimately allowed the development of a Risk Characterization. The RA tested the requirements of the CCME Compost Quality Guidelines and other environmental requirements, and included possible risk parameters not currently captured in these environmental requirements. A risk management strategy was developed to guide how compost would be cured and utilized.

Compost qualityThe biosolids compost produced at the Banff WWTP can be categorized as a natural organic material. This compost meets CCME Category B

compost requirements and, except for marginally higher Se (Selenium) in some samples, meets

all CCME Category A compost require-ments.

The metal concentrations in Banff’s biosolids are relatively low. This is not unexpected as the town’s industry is generally lim-ited to tourism, making its quality of biosolids quite high. Table 1 de-picts selected metal concentrations undertaken by Environment Can-ada in a comprehensive study of wastewater sludge (Environment Canada, 2007) and compares them to concentrations from samples collected for this study. The con-centrations measured for this study

ments.

Banff Biosolids



C O V E R S T O R Y

are relatively low and echo historical data.Ecotoxicity testing revealed that some

endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) were detected in both biosolids compost and the un-disturbed soil. This was not unexpected as all fecal matter could be expected to have some concentration of these chemicals. Based on limited analysis there is some indication that these chemicals are decomposed during the composting process. The literature suggests that composting can have a positive impact on decomposing these chemicals. Furthermore, the literature suggests these chemicals break down quickly in soil.

The Risk Assessment and Risk Character-ization exercise showed that:• The leachate of uncured compost is acutely

toxic to fish;• There is the presence of EDC in some com-

post and undisturbed soil elutriate; and

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Table 1Comparison of metal concentrations in Canadian sludges vs uncured and finished composts from the Banff WWTP

Canadian Sludges Banff Banff 1995-1998 Uncured Finished Mean Concentrationa Compostb Compostb

mg/kg DW

Metal Mean Median

Arsenic 2.1 2 BDL BDL

Cadmium 5.1 5 BDL BDL

Chromium 261 82 15.7 14.2

Lead 77 75 7.8 6.05

Mercury 2.5 2.6 0.47 BDL

Nickel 31.1 36 8.03 7.05

a. Means of 6 observations, one per months during Sept. 1993-Feb. 1994b. Uncured compost based on 6 samples from 2008, except As which is based on 3 samples. Finished compost is based on 1 sample.



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• The use of undiluted compost has a negative impact on plant emergence and plant growth.

There were a number of Risk Management recommendations for a new curing site that emanated from the results of the Risk Assess-ment including:• The curing area should be set-back from sur-

face water;• Although the risk does not appear great, the

curing area should be kept away from recrea-tional areas to avoid exposure to compost or leachate by the general public; and

• Although the risk does not appear great, the curing area should not be readily accessible (e.g., fenced) to terrestrial receptors to avoid exposure to compost or leachate.

None of these outcomes was unexpected and essentially reaffi rm current knowledge and well established best practices to mitigate these risks.

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Curing site selectionIt was determined that about 0.4 ha (one acre) of space was required to manage curing, screening and finished product storage.

A number of previously disturbed sites (gravel pits, etc.) were examined in the Banff area and in the park that could be used to cure compost. This included examination of space at the WWTP, a site outside of town used to dis-pose of clean fill, as well as some other sites. The goal was to find a curing site that afforded proper curing but at the same time was close to areas where the compost could be used.

Ultimately an isolated, previously distur b ed site on the outside of town was selected for cur-ing. This site featured old lined sewage lagoons.

The reasons for this selection included:• Option to contain leachate generated dur-

ing curing process;• Option to fence the curing area;• Close proximity to WWTP; and• Odour contained well away from visitors

and residents.

ReferencesReport Fate and Significance of Contaminants in Wastewater Sludge Generated at Muni-cipal and Other Publicly owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Environment Canada, 2007)Principles and Guidelines for Ecological Restoration in Canada’s Protected Natural Areas (Parks Canada and the Canadian Parks Council, 2008)

This site is currently in the design phase; it’s expected that an impermeable curing pad will be constructed in early 2010.

It was recommended that two main com-post products be produced: a Landscaping Grade and a Reclamation/Remediation Grade, with about half of annual compost production dedicated to each use.

ConclusionBanff produces high quality compost from its biosolids. This high quality production is expected to continue with the addition of food wastes. The risks to curing and utilizing this compost were assessed and the means to mitigate these risks have been identified and

discussed. A strategy to cure and utilize this compost has been developed.

Banff and Parks Canada should be able to build on the success of their shared respon-sibility in composting and utilizing biosolids compost, to continue to contribute positively to maintaining and improving the ecological integrity of the national park.

Paul van der Werf is president of 2cg Inc. in London, Ontario. Contact Paul at www.2cg.ca; Chad Townsend is Environmental Coordinator, Planning & Development with the Town of Banff, Alberta. Contact Chad at [email protected]


http://www.2cg.ca


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traditional recyclables (cardboard, metal and plastics), electrical and electronic equipment, old offi ce furniture, windows, lumber, racks and shelving to nearly new but slightly damaged goods. PMG is also an Ontario Electronic Stewardship (OES) certifi ed collector of WEEE.

PMG employees (~40 FTE) transport, offl oad, dismantle, sort and re-load materials or goods destined for their end-market. PMG’s eight in-offi ce staff manage logistics, client communication and markets. PMG’s long standing success in the business lies in its wide ranging knowledge of local, national and international recycling and reuse mar-kets, which include traditional recyclers, compost facilities, re-seller charities like Habitat for Humanity, and international charity organiza-tions that facilitate the placement of needed goods like offi ce, school and medical furniture as well as other reusables.

Tim McGillion, president and founder of the 20 year old company describes the new “One-Step™” Recycling Program as a simple, cost effective solution for a company wanting to maximize diversion. All that’s requested from the client is to keep the material out of the disposal compactor.

“What’s often unaccounted by business in terms of waste manage-ment costs, are the externalized costs associated with their on-site com-pactors, like health and safety, capital, maintenance and repair costs.”

PMG’s alternative model provides clients with either a trailer at a loading dock which is replaced when full (with one call to PMGs of-fi ces), or a direct pick-up. Today PMG has over 161 trailers at retailers; offi ce buildings; manufacturers; and institutions located throughout the province.

“But cost savings is not always the primary driver for those involved in the program,” says McGillion. “Many companies want certainty and proper documentation about the fi nal destination of their waste, and in terms of the One-StepTM Recycling Program, an agreement for opti-mum reuse or recycling of their secondary resources.”

New waste diversion policy measures will likely affect most small and medium enterprises (SMEs), most of which have been exempt from existing recycling regulations (e.g., Ontario Reg 102/94 & 103/94). More than 42 per cent of the IC&I waste generated comes from SMEs, which number in the tens of thousands of individual companies in larger provinces. Diversion service providers with experience and far-reach-ing market networks as well as well-established systems in place for handling, storing, and reporting a wide variety of materials will likely lead the transformation of “waste management” to “secondary materials management”.

Clarissa Morawski is prinicpal of CM Consulting based in Peterborough, Ontario. Contact Clarissa at [email protected]

D I V E R S I O N

PMGTransforming the commercial waste management model

“PMG’s long standing success in the business lies in their wide

ranging knowledge of local, national and international

recycling and reuse markets.”

by Clarissa Morawski

“The time is long-past for digging bigger holes to bury our waste”

— Honourable John Gerretsen,Ontario Minister of the Environment,

September 22, 2009

Businesses are aware that their provincial governments are about to change the way waste is managed. Over the next few months, for instance, the Ontario government will announce new policy aimed

at signifi cantly reducing the amount of industrial, commercial, and in-stitutional waste generated by Ontario business. (See editorial Aug/Sept 2009). Disposal taxes, landfi ll bans, service provider accreditation; en-hancing coverage of existing 3Rs regulation; performance targets; and producer responsibility for IC&I waste are some of the options being considered. It’s fairly certain that whatever policy tools the government chooses to use, business will need to re-think how it handles its waste in Canada’s progressive jurisdictions.

Providing a new paradigm from traditional management of waste is becoming a viable operating business for companies that broker second-ary materials and products for both resale, reuse, and recycling.

The Institution Recycling Network or IRN offers recycling and reuse programs in six northeastern US states that achieve exceptionally high (>90 per cent) reuse and recycling rates. Over 60 commodity marketing programs enable IRN to haul deconstruction, pre-demolition, and new construction materials like wooden beams, wood waste, fl ooring, win-dows, fi xtures, brick, gypsum, and metals (to name a few). According to Mark Lennon, Director of IRN, compared to disposal, recycling costs much less for nearly all construction and demolition materials.

Lennon estimates than the tip fee for sorted C&D materials ranges from revenues of about $100 per ton (for metals) to a cost high of $85 per ton for mixed debris, versus an average disposal tip fee of $105 per ton. Lennon remarks on the key elements for diversion success as well as a cleaner, safer jobsite. “Early planning in terms of a waste management plan, regular reporting and documentation, as well as clear specifi ca-tions on specifi c responsibilities, and which materials are eligible for diversion, are all essential for program effectiveness,” he says.

IRN also manages surplus property, like offi ce furniture; medical furniture, kitchen equipment etc. that it transports to charitable reuse markets throughout the world.

Similar new business models are showing up in Canada as well. Starting as a pallet refurbishing business decades ago, Brampton Ontario-based PMG is transforming the typical commercial waste man-agement model into a simple, cost effective zero waste system.

Strategically situated near the junction of two major Ontario high-ways, PMG’s massive (125,000 square foot) facility is used for sort-ing and storing almost anything that is reusable or recyclable — from

www.greenfuels.org

Ethanol and Biodiesel Growing Beyond Oil

This summer, Edmonton announced the world’s first waste to ethanol plant. Thanks to the vision and leadership of our federal and provincial governments, Canada is now developing newer and even better renewable fuels. That is good news for our environment, good news for homegrown jobs, and good news for Canadians at the pump.

Fueling our future!



www.greenfuels.org

Ethanol and Biodiesel Growing Beyond Oil

This summer, Edmonton announced the world’s first waste to ethanol plant. Thanks to the vision and leadership of our federal and provincial governments, Canada is now developing newer and even better renewable fuels. That is good news for our environment, good news for homegrown jobs, and good news for Canadians at the pump.

Fueling our future!

http://www.greenfuels.org


Waste MinimizationThree organizations use it as a core part of their sustainability strategy

A program of waste minimization requires action on many different fronts, but pays off in many ways as well — including reduced costs. Three entrants in the Waste Minimization Awards of the

Recycling Council of Ontario (RCO) show a variety of strategies and tactics in their waste-minimization programs that could be useful infor-mation to other companies and organizations..

Teknion CorporationAs a leader in the international development, manufacturing and market-ing of offi ce systems and related offi ce furniture and products, Teknion is the centre of a vast network of suppliers and customers.

In 2003, the company set a focus on sustainable development, and developed a program that considered the factors it could infl uence in its supply chain and production methods.

Teknion’s sustainability drive included registering all its manufactur-ing sites and administrative offi ces to the international environmental process standard ISO 14001, which calls for a concerted program of minimizing environmental impacts. Other certifi cations included the ECO Logo (Canada’s Environmental Choice Program) and the Globe Foundation Award in 2007 — the highest recognition in Canada and well known in the United States for environmental performance — for Environmental Excellence.

Teknion is also a consistent winner of the RCO’s Waste Minimization Award, including the Gold Award in 2007. Teknion’s statistics on waste minimization show the company’s progress.

Landfi ll-destined waste, in tonnes generated per $100,000 in sales: 0.90 in 2003; 0.35 in 2007;

Diversion rate from landfi ll (diverted waste compared to total waste): 45 percent in 2002; 87 percent in 2007;

Diversion of waste, in tonnes: 7,891 in 2003; 12,311 in 2007.Some improvements in the company’s waste footprint have come through changes to the company’s products.

For example, Teknion moved away from using backing panels made of three materials — fi berglass, steel and polyester — that were diffi cult to separate at the end of the product’s life. The new panels are now made of just two materials, steel and polyester, using a new laminating machine that controls the amount of adhesive applied, allowing easy separation of steel frame and polyester when the product is recycled.

Exhibition PlaceAs the site of the Canadian National Exhibition each fall as well as a wide range of events throughout the year, Exhibition Place in central Toronto sees 5.3 million visitors annually.

As part of its initiative to reduce its environmental footprint,

“CompX says, the products it manufactures are 94 to

99 percent recyclable, and products contain 45 to 60

percent recyclable material.”

by Carl Friesen



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Caring forTomorrow’sGenerations

Exhibition Place’s plan is to use diversion, re-cycling and reduction of waste to become 80 percent waste-free by 2010. Initiatives include:

Four-stream recycling to separate and re-cycle waste materials including glass, paper, wood, plastic and organic compost at three of its buildings: Direct Energy Centre, Allstream Centre and Better Living Centre;

Three-stream recycling to separate and recycle waste materials (glass, plastic, paper, waste on the exterior grounds;

Two-stream recyclers (plastics and organ-ics) at BMO Field for zero-waste events;

Direct Energy Centre uses and recycles 100 percent post-consumer waste (PCW) hand towels for all public washrooms, with used towels being composted;

Direct Energy Centre uses recycling and

safe disposal programs for items such as bat-teries, fluorescent lamps, paint and toner car-tridges;

Perishable food is donated to shelters and food banks in Toronto, and food waste is do-nated to local farmers.

CompX WaterlooAbout 99.27 percent of the 1,791,000 kilo-gram waste stream of this Kitchener Ontario-based manufacturer of furniture components is diverted from landfill through recycling and re-use, according to an independent audit by AET Consultants. Most of the diverted ma-terial is scrap metal. About 88 percent of the remaining waste is diverted.

CompX has a recycling program for cor-rugated cardboard, recyclable paper, shredded

paper, food and beverage containers, scrap metal, wood, low-density polyethylene, poly-vinyl chlorinate (including strapping), tissue/toweling and organics.

At the other end of the product’s lifecycle, CompX says, the products it manufactures are 94 to 99 percent recyclable, and products con-tain 45 to 60 percent recyclable material.

Carl Friesen is a writer based in Mississauga, Ontario who specializes in helping business professionals build their profile through published articles. He is a Senior Associate with emerson consulting group inc. Contact Carl at 289-232-4057 or [email protected]


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E V E N T R E P O R T

Canada’s forestry industry is doing its part to cut greenhouse emis-sions, said Avrom Lazar, President and CEO of the Forest Prod-ucts Association of Canada, in a panel discussion at the “Busi-

ness of Climate Change” in Toronto on September 29.As part of a panel discussion, Lazar said that wood scrap, sawdust

and other byproducts are being used to generate heat, some of which is used to produce electrical power. This means that rather than decaying and producing methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas, the biofuel can help switch some power generation away from fossil fuels.

What’s missing in this picture, Lazar said, is a systemic policy that promotes this type of activity. Such activities are largely driven by gov-ernment policy, which is hard to anticipate.

“Each time we invest, the rules change,” said Lazar.Integration is needed on a larger level as well, he said, describing

how Indonesian forests are cut and the wood shipped to the Netherlands — where it’s burned for energy, with the users able to gain greenhouse gas credits for doing so, not considering the total environmental cost of forest removal and shipping the wood.

Lazar said that in many cases the science has not yet been done on the environmental, social and economic cost of using a given weight of dry fi bre in various ways.

While much of recent government policy has been around economic

stimulus, he continued, almost any steps taken to stimulate the economy will increase greenhouse gas emissions.

In an interview after the panel discussion, Lazar said that while for-estry company operations may be located far from main power grid cor-ridors, they’re capable of supplying some of the electrical load consumed by nearby towns. What’s needed is government policy supporting better access to capital to allow this to happen, and also for public electrical utilities to be more accepting of this type of power source.

— Written by Carl Friesen.(See article, page 16)

“Our Al-jon 525 will pay foritself in 3 to 5 years – just onsaved air space!”

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Al-jon puts real teeth into compaction with its patented

lugs. “We’re getting 1,800 to 2,000 pounds of compaction

daily, compared to 1,200 to 1,400 pounds with our old

yellow machine,” Mike Paral states.

“It rips materials to shreds with no big pieces left.”

The benefit? “We proved to our Board that our Al-jon unit

will pay for itself in 3 to 5 years – just on saved air space,”

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BiomassForestry sector waste is an energy source, Business of Climate Change conference told

The forestry sector can be a source of biomass for electricity generation. (Inset photo) Michael Denham of Accenture Canada address the Business of

Climate Change conference in Toronto on September 29, 2009.

The forestry sector can be a source of biomass for electricity generation.

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“Our Al-jon 525 will pay foritself in 3 to 5 years – just onsaved air space!”

K E E P I N G I T S I M P L E . B U I L D I N G I T S T R O N G.

Get details today. • Al-jon MFG., LLC • 14599 2nd Avenue • Ottumwa, Iowa USA 52501

641-682-4506 or 800-255-6620 in North America • www.aljon.com

Al-jon puts real teeth into compaction with its patented

lugs. “We’re getting 1,800 to 2,000 pounds of compaction

daily, compared to 1,200 to 1,400 pounds with our old

yellow machine,” Mike Paral states.

“It rips materials to shreds with no big pieces left.”

The benefit? “We proved to our Board that our Al-jon unit

will pay for itself in 3 to 5 years – just on saved air space,”

he adds.

Repairs and service? “Al-jon bends over backwards to

make sure our machine is running,” he explains. “And if it

ever isn’t, they get it fixed within a day. Al-jon service is just

phenomenal!”

THE ADVANTAGE SERIES


ADVANTAGE 525 – UP TO 110,000 LBS.


Mike ParalFacility ManagerKewaunee County Solid WasteKewaunee, WI

20998 Paral SolidWasteRec.qxd:Layout 1 3/11/09 11:57 AM Page 1

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“In one year alone, the refi llable beer bottle can claim to have

avoided more than 2.3 million gigajoules of energy, equivalent to more than 383,000 barrels of oil,

worth $27.5 million.”

by Clarissa Morawski

Rising SpiritsAlcohol beverage container reuse and recycling climbs higher than ever

This fall The Beer Store (TBS) released its annual Pack- aging Stewardship Report, R e s p o n s i b l e Stewardship 2008-2009,

with statistics on reuse and recycling of alco-hol beverage packaging in Ontario.

Since 1927 the pri- vately operated retail and distribution company has been operating a deposit- refund-based packaging management system. Today it recovers packaging on be-half of the 89 beer brandowners and 346 associated brands sold through the system. The costs of the deposit-refund system are covered through a schedule of service fees pay- able by those brandowners.

The backbone of the TBS deposit-refund system is the re-fi llable beer bottle. Over 70 per cent of total beer sales (of about two billion units) are refi llable glass bottles. (See chart.). With each bottle making an average of 12 to 15 trips over relatively short distances from retail store back to brewery, the refi llable bottle provides both economic and environmental effi ciencies.

Currently, 48 Canadian brewers (including 17 Ontario brewers) are signatories to the Industry Standard Bottle (ISB) Agreement which allows them to utilize the ISB as their primary beer container. In one year, more than 1.4 billion beer bottle sales were provided using just over 94 million new beer bottles, avoiding all primary resource extraction ener-gy and pollution associated with manufactur-ing 1.4 billion new bottles from scratch. In one year alone, the refi llable beer bottle can claim to have avoided more than 2.3 million gigajoules of energy, equivalent to more than 383,000 barrels of oil, worth $27.5 million.

Refi llable and non-refi llable beer container and secondary packaging

P A C K A G I N G

recovery piggy-backs on the existing full goods distribution sys-tem — when each TBS or brewery truck delivers goods, it returns with empty containers and secondary packaging. At the largest

of TBS’s 12 distribution centers, balers consolidate beer cartons for shipment directly to end markets (thereby avoiding addi-tional transfer and processing).

Over a fi ve-year period (2005-2009), collection rates of glass beer bottles and aluminum beer cans have increased. Recovery of refi llable glass bottles is up from 97 per cent to 99 per cent; single-use glass bottles from 85 per cent to 89 per cent; and aluminum cans up from 67 per cent to 79 per cent. (See chart.).

The program’s recycling performance is also good news. All waste glass is being shipped short distances to Brampton, Ontario where it’s used pri-marily for the manufacture of new bottles, with the remaining glass used to make fi berglass, also locally. Aluminum cans are recycled into new

aluminum sheet for cans and all carton fi bre is re-cycled into paperboard and box products.

TBS also recovers and recycles wine, sprits, and beer sold by the LCBO under the Ontario Deposit Return Program

(ODRP). In its second year ODRP is also demonstrating signifi cant performance gains. TBS recovers these containers from consumers and



Jake Westerhof, Director of Business

Development, Canada Fibers Ltd.

standing beside the newly installed 8 tph

Bollegraaf Mixed Container system at

City of Hamilton MRF operated by

Canada Fibers Ltd.

Over 8 tonnes per hour throughputOver twice the production of the previous systemOnly 60% the staff of the previous systemAlmost twice the capture of aluminum over the previous systemOver 93% PET mechanically removed with only 1 QC sorterIncoming 5% film successfully removed

1st Film Grabber in North America 1st Film Air system in Canada 1st TiTech Optical NIR sorter installed in a MRF in Ontario 1st Eddy Current installed immediately after the pre-sort

Improving

“By far the best mixed-container line in the province”


ImprovingImproving

Jake Westerhof, Director of Business

Development, Canada Fibers Ltd.

standing beside the newly installed 8 tph

Bollegraaf Mixed Container system at

City of Hamilton MRF operated by

Canada Fibers Ltd.

Over 8 tonnes per hour throughputOver twice the production of the previous systemOnly 60% the staff of the previous systemAlmost twice the capture of aluminum over the previous systemOver 93% PET mechanically removed with only 1 QC sorterIncoming 5% film successfully removed


ImprovingImproving

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from almost 17,600 bars and restaurants and uses the same reverse distribution system as it does for beer containers.

In only two years, the collection rate for all ODRP containers went from 67 per cent to 73 per cent (Glass bottles 76 per cent and aluminum cans 79 per cent). All container cat-egories experienced improved collection rates, with the exception of small aseptic cartons. (see bar chart.)

The TBS system provides a good example of a consumer friendly, logistically effi cient and environmentally effective packaging re-covery system that is only getting better with age.

Clarissa Morawski is principal of CM Consulting based in Peterborough, Ontario. Contact Clarissa at [email protected]

P A C K A G I N G

ENVIRONMENTALCOMPLIANCECONFERENCEThursday, November 5, 2009Lambton Golf and Country Club, Toronto, ON(10 minutes from Pearson Airport)

Sponsors:

The conference will focus on twoenvironmental issues in Ontario: theproposed amendments to OntarioBrownfield Regulation 153/04; andExtended Producer Responsibility andZero Waste initiatives under Ontario’sWaste Diversion Act. There will also bea round table on the Green Energy Actand its application to waste facilities and brownfield sites.

One full-day, two simultaneous tracksfollowed by a round table. Early Bird Registration is $459.00 beforeOctober 1, 2009. SAVE $100!

Registration includes meals.

To Register or for more Information, Phone: 416-510-6867 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ecologevents.com/ecc

ECC Half Ad/AB 8/14/09 10:59 AM Page 1

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“The backbone of the TBS deposit-refund

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“By taking a camera snapshot of each vehicle

entering the facility, operators can cut down on

illegal materials entering the site.”

by Aengus McLooneM R F E Q U I P M E N T

A Matter of ScaleAdvancements in scale house offerings

With hundreds of vehicles frequenting recycling facilities each day, the need for up-to-date technology and operational effi -ciencies are key in maximizing business potential in for-profi t

environments and skillfully utilizing taxpayer dollars in government-managed organizations. Necessary security measures for employees, customers, cash and physical property also become a major priority.

Recycling facility operators are reporting an increased trend in the use of scale houses and control cabins to assist with operations at the front line. Amy Roering, of Hennepin County Environmental Services, comments on security and customer service benefi ts.

“We found that our operations function much better with the pres-ence of the new scale house,” she says.

Not only are facilities utilizing more scale houses, they’re adding more scales to increase inbound and outbound lanes, sometimes even

creating a separate “express line” for specifi c categories of customers. In addition to the increased security that scale houses provide, new tech-nology software and security camera mounts tied into the structures help decrease customer discrepancies. By taking a camera snapshot of each vehicle entering the facility, operators are able to detail the weight, size and appearance of each load, cutting down on illegal materials entering the site and being dumped.

The primary issues faced by facilities without a scale house are se-curity and equipment maintenance problems. The security of company assets in an unconfi ned space as well as the threat from dust and weather can create an environment that’s detrimental to necessary electronics such as computers and communications systems.

Some facilities use a job box, which provides little shelter during hot, cold or rainy weather. Those that don’t use any structure generally

The Hennepin County prefabricated scale controller: B.I.G.’s scale controller building serves a Southern California metal recycling center by checking and

weighing incoming and outgoing loads.


M R F E Q U I P M E N T

To find out more about the

Beautiful and efficientMOLOK Deep-Collection system for waste, recyclables & organics,

www.molok.com

contact:MOLOK North America Ltd.1-877-558-5576Waste Management519-323-1354 ext. 29Equipment Omnibac Inc. (Quebec)418-277-2107Rollins Machinery (B.C.)1-800-665-9060Halaw Contracting (First Nations)604-894-6904

Molok/AB/SWR 10/13/09 2:01 PM Page 1

have a large open lot that vehicles enter. One of the problems drivers encounter is that they’re not immediately directed where to go, having no discernable landmark indicating a place to stop and unload.

Uncontrolled environments that once plagued the operational effi-ciency at many facilities can now be eliminated with the installation of a prefabricated scale house. Unlike manufacturing a structure on-site, pre-fabricated options avoid retaining an architectural firm, going through a permit process, finding a competent builder, and then waiting for a construction process to play itself out.

In the case of Hennepin County, the primary functions found to be the most helpful was the climate control offered by the HVAC, traffic control, and safety for vendors, suppliers, visitors, drivers and attend-ants. In addition, workers found the scale house contributed greatly to a clean working environment as well as a decrease in noise pollution, which was a significant help in answering phone calls.

“It provides the same things a building would: security, safety from the elements, and it’s clean,” she says. “Our employees keep saying that it’s so clean. They are also more productive with a climate controlled

scale house, especially with our harsh weather.”After researching prefabricated structures offering custom designs,

Hennepin County chose to go with California-based B.I.G. Enterprises due to their product life expectancy and ability to meet the tough design requirements.

One of the major contributing factors to this increased lifespan is the paint on the scale houses. The new B.I.G. paint system provides a catalyzed two-component polyurethane topcoat paint that serves as a protective feature by resisting chemical, impact, fade, abrasion and UV exposure. Recently tested by an independent third party for rust and corrosion under extreme simulated weather conditions, the paint system showed no signs of rusting, no undercut creeping and no corrosion at the scribe cut in the steel after 3,500 hours of punishing laboratory tests.

Another feature critical to operational efficiency for Hennepin County was the custom window design.

“We really like the windows because the employees have a 360-de-gree view from our scale house, which helps with traffic control,” adds Roering.


http://www.molok.com

26 www.solidwastemag.com October/November 2009 877-2-RECYCLE

You can also recycle at any participating hardware supply store:

Recycle your

and cell phones rechargeable batteries

Whether at home, work or play, rechargeable batteries and cell phones

are part of our lives. Once they no longer hold their charge, recycle them. Call2Recycle supplies free collection boxes for your workplace as well as at drop-off locations at retail and

within your community.Go to www.call2recycle.org to register

your business for free and to find nearby participating collection sites.

®

800.373.9131770.631.7290

®

www.harrisequip.com

Harris’ superior horizontal & two-ram baler designs provide an innovative, lower maintenance, high-efficiency baling system. Harris prides itself on a tradition of designing equipment with performance and power in mind.

B A L E R S

The scale houses also allow the employee to have some privacy when dealing with cus-tomers at the entrance. This lets them take notes in private and make a phone call if they feel questionable material is present and they don’t want the customer to hear.

One facility owner comments on the func-tionality of the doors.

“These doors are offset from one another. So as the customers pull up, we can swing open the door and easily look inside the truck without having to go completely outside. As they pull in, we can observe if they have any material that we don’t buy and then write it down on the ticket that we give them. When they leave, we open the outbound door to make sure they still have the unwanted materi-als, and didn’t just dump it. These offset doors speed the process immeasurably.”

With plenty of cabinet and counter space available, scale house and cabin control oper-ators fi nd the area convenient and easy to use. Each scale house comes with electrical, includ-ing provisions for data, communication and se-curity camera systems, stainless steel shelves, and a high output commercial HVAC.

Aengus McLoone is with Beckett & Beckett, Inc. in Los Angeles, California. Contact Aengus at [email protected]

M R F E Q U I P M E N T

http://www.harrisequip.com



877-2-RECYCLE


Recycle your

and cell phones rechargeable batteries

Whether at home, work or play, rechargeable batteries and cell phones

are part of our lives. Once they no longer hold their charge, recycle them. Call2Recycle supplies free collection boxes for your workplace as well as at drop-off locations at retail and

within your community.Go to www.call2recycle.org to register

your business for free and to find nearby participating collection sites.


http://www.call2recycle.org


28 www.solidwastemag.com August/September 2009

program work, both for our customers’ convenience and the capacity of our landfi lls.”

Here are some quick facts about London Drugs Styrofoam recyc-ling:• London Drugs fi lls at least one semi truck per week with Styrofoam

to go to recycling.• Over the last 18 months, London Drugs stores across Western Canada

diverted 50,000 pounds of Styrofoam from going to the landfi ll.• London Drugs has been recycling Styrofoam

since March 2007, with partner Genesis Re-cycling in Aldergrove, B.C.

• London Drugs only accepts packaging of prod-ucts sold at London Drugs.

“As a company, we continue to work diligently with our suppliers to reduce Styrofoam used in products and packaging,” says Mahlman. “But we’re also looking at long-term solutions to divert this waste from going to landfi lls. Our ‘What’s the Green Deal’ program www.greendeal.ca is a ‘beyond blue box’ initiative that attempts to give consumers more options for recycling materials that previously ended up in the garbage.”

The following list outlines the many items customers can bring back to London Drugs as part of the company’s comprehensive recycling program:

• Cell phones, PDA and rechargeable batteries• Alkaline Batteries• Disposable cameras• Ink jet cartridges• Laser cartridges• Metal fi lm canisters• Plastic bags• Pop bottles and cans (BC only)• Electrical and Electronic goods (TVs, VCRs, computers, monitors,

printers etc)• Small Appliances (purchased at London Drugs)• Styrofoam packaging from our products• Cardboard packaging from our products• Insurance plastic folders• Laser cartridges• Compact Fluorescent Bulbs (CFLs)• fl uorescent light tubes up to 4-foot lengths

On items not purchased at London Drugs, recycling fees will apply to off-set recycling costs. The company will gladly waive these fees if the item was purchased at London Drugs and customers have the receipt.

Guy Crittenden is editor of this magazine. Contact Guy at [email protected]

“In the last 18 months, London Drugs has prevented more

than 40 semi-truck loads of Styrofoam (some 50,000 lbs)

from entering landfi lls.

by Guy Crittenden

Styrofoam RecyclingLondon Drugs diverts Styrofoam from landfi lls in Western Canada

Many people wonder how to dispose of Styrofoam and other packaging after they’ve purchased prod-ucts such as a TV or computer, once they get these

items home. Since Styrofoam is not recycled as part of most municipal recycling programs, the majority of Styrofoam still goes to landfi ll.

London Drugs offers a solution that makes the recycling process easy for consumers. Through a partnership with Genesis Recycling, London Drugs offers an in-store take-back packaging recycling pro-gram.

Founded in 1945, B.C.-based London Drugs currently has 70 stores in more than 35 major markets throughout British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The company employs more than 7,500 people and carries a diverse range of health and consumer electronic products. The company appears to “get it” that offering product stew-ardship to customers creates a competitive advantage, as it deepens the relationship with customers.

Customers can simply leave product packaging at London Drugs’ customer service desks as they leave with their purchases, from perfume boxes and cardboard packaging to toothpaste boxes and Styrofoam from a microwave purchase or a boxed appliance.

In the case of Styrofoam, the pesky packing material is picked up at all of London Drugs 70 stores and collected at its warehouse before shipping to partner Genesis Recycling. There, the Styrofoam blocks are heated with special machinery and condensed into polystyrene “pucks,” each about the size of a hatbox and weighing about 20 kilograms. The pucks become a commodity that’s then shipped and sold to be remanu-factured into new products.

At this stage, though, Styrofoam recycling is an added cost to London Drugs.

“In its expanded form, polystyrene is very ineffi cient to ship,” says Clint Mahlman, London Drugs Senior Vice President. “One whole semi-truckload only weighs about 1.5 tonnes so it’s very labor intensive to collect and ship for recycling. But we’re committed to making this

P R O D U C T S T E W A R D S H I P

To see how Styrofoam is converted visitwww.greendeal.ca to view the video

Many people wonder how to dispose of Styrofoam

• London Drugs has been recycling Styrofoam

• London Drugs only accepts packaging of prod-ucts sold at London Drugs.

“As a company, we continue to work diligently with our suppliers to reduce Styrofoam used in products and packaging,” says Mahlman. “But we’re also looking at long-term solutions to divert this waste from going to landfi lls. Our ‘What’s the Green Deal’ program www.greendeal.ca is a ‘beyond blue box’ initiative that attempts to give consumers more options for recycling materials that previously ended up in the garbage.”


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Speeding Up ApprovalsIs a Comprehensive CofA for you?

Do you want to extend the hours of operation at your waste trans-fer facility to provide better customer service? Or bring in waste from a neighbouring municipality? Or possibly you want to re-

cover and recycle some of the material that’s delivered to your transfer station instead of sending it all to landfi ll?

Although these are all environmentally insignifi cant modifi cations, these changes would typically require an amendment to a Certifi cate of Approval (CofA) for a waste management facility. Amending a CofA is not just time consuming and costly to the facility operator, it also con-sumes the limited resources at the environment ministry and therefore slows down the processing of applications for new waste facilities or applications for amendments for changes that are more environmentally signifi cant.

As part of an overall initiative by the Ontario Ministry of the En-vironment to streamline the approval process for waste facilities and to provide better guidance to applicant’s, the ministry recently introduced the Comprehensive CofA process for waste transfer and processing fa-cilities. This development should be of interest to policymakers across the country.

The objective of the Comprehensive CofA is to provide a company with operational fl exibility to make changes to their waste facility with-out a requirement to make an application for an amendment. It allows industry to plan and to make changes to their facilities in a timely man-ner and to reduce the delays associated with the traditional approvals process.

A Comprehensive CofA incorporates additional conditions to ensure that the ministry is kept informed of the continued site operations, that the company remains in compliance with legislative requirements, and that the environment is not adversely affected. The extent to which oper-ational fl exibility is permitted by a Comprehensive CofA for a waste disposal site is contained within the Engineer’s Report provided by the proponent.

The Engineers Report basically establishes pre-approved limits for site conditions and defi nes the envelope of operational fl exibility that the site can work within without requiring further approvals. The Engineers Report must be prepared under the direction of and signed by an Independent Professional Engineer. The Environmental Bill of Rights posting includes a description of both the start up operations

“The Comprehensive Cof A recognizes that the pace of

industrial change is signifi cant and that site owners need to

react.”

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Because our ENVIRONMENT is too preciousto leave in the hands of AMATEURS.

and the full operating envelop as defined in the Engineers Report so that stakeholders are advised of what future operations may happen at the site.

Golder Associates prepared the first ap-plication for a Comprehensive CofA for a waste transfer and processing facility in September of 2008. Since that time, one other Comprehensive CofA has been granted for a waste transfer and processing facility.

The environment ministry hopes to see all traditional certifications for waste trans-fer and processing facilities converted to Comprehensive CofAs within the next several years. If you are considering applying for ap-proval for a new waste transfer and processing facility or making modifications to your CofA for your current facility, you should consider

the benefits of a Comprehensive CofA.The rate of change in most industries is

moving at an ever-increasing pace, and this is particularly true of the waste industry. New technologies for material recovery are constantly being developed and Extended Producer Responsibility is providing incen-tives to recover materials far beyond what was traditionally being done. The Comprehensive Cof A recognizes that the pace of industrial change is significant and that site owners need to react.

The approval requirements for a Waste Comprehensive CofA are described within the ministry’s “Guide for Applying for Approval of Waste Disposal Sites” which can be ac-cessed on the Ministry website at www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/gp/4183e.pdf Also, the

ministry has published an electronic orienta-tion session for applicants and consultants at www.ene.gov.on.ca/publications/7125e.pdf

To view a sample application package for a Comprehensive CofA for a waste transfer and processing facility, check the ministry website at www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/gp/6837e.pdf

Pam Russell, P.Eng., is a Senior Waste Engineer with Golder Associates Ltd. in Whitby, Ontario. Contact Pam at [email protected] This article was written with the assistance of Tim Edwards, Special Projects Engineer, Environmental Assessment and Approvals Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.

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A new report from CM Consulting shows that a greater number of Canadians has access to recycling household plastic packaging and that a broader range of plastic packaging is being accepted by

municipalities. Estimates of Levels of Residential Recycling Access for Plastic Packaging in Canada was released by EPIC in April of this year. The study is a follow-up on a similar report commissioned in late 2004.

The biggest changes in the new report, compared to its 2004 pre-decessor, are the increases in access to recycling of tubs and lids — from 56 to 88 per cent — and a jump from 18 to 86 per cent for other bottles and jugs. Signifi cant improvements were also made in non-bev-erage PET containers, which increased from 77 to 91 per cent, and in


A Matter of AccessMore Canadians have access to recycling plastic packaging

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The following demonstrates the percentage of the population with access to recycling the new types of plstics that have been added in the latest report.

New categories of plastic packaging

PET Thermoform 73%HDPE Pails over 5L 80%Polystyrene – Expanded Food 25%Polystyrene – Expanded Packaging 12%Polystryene – Crystal 41%Garden Rigid Plastic 67%


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to be recycled in their communities.The new report is available for downloading from the EPIC web site at www.plastics.ca/epic or directly at www.cpia.ca/fi les/fi les/Clarissa_EPIC_Access_FINAL_REPORT2_2009.pdf

Cathy Cirko is the vice president of the Canadian Plastics Industry Association (CPIA). Contact Cathy at [email protected]

“The groundwork to achieve higher diversion rates for

plastic packaging has been laid.”

non-beverage HDPE bottles, which went from 79 to 91 per cent.

The report identifi es curbside and depot collection programs as being the primary av-enues for the collection of plastic packaging. It also makes mention of the fact that although access to municipal plastic fi lm and bag recyc-ling is just over 50 per cent, there are close to 2,000 grocery retail stores across Ontario ac-cept plastic bags for recycling.

The new report also differs from the previ-ous one in that it includes several more types of household plastic packaging, including PET thermoform, HDPE pails over 5L, garden rigid plastic, and more categories of Polystyrene packaging (expanded polystyrene for food, for packaging and crystal Polystyrene). (See article, page 28.)

In almost every case of plastic packaging, there has been a marked increased in the per-centage of Canadians who now have access to recycling through their local recycling programs. The main exception to this is the province of Newfoundland, which continues to offer access for only PET beverage bottles and HDPE beverage bottles.

The new report clearly shows that the groundwork to achieve higher diversion rates for plastic packaging has been laid. But there is further work needed to better engage the consumer to participate in these programs.

EPIC will continue to work with Canadian municipalities to help increase the diversion of plastic packaging by enabling them to provide their residents with greater access to recycling and to increase the types of plastic packaging

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John Kearns is a unique individual in his sixties with the ambition and drive of someone half his age. A self-described inventor, I had the pleasure of meeting Kearns this past summer when vacationing in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He was working toward the completion of his 20

tonne per day Kearns Disintegration System (KDS) that will undergo testing this fall.

The systemInvented by Kearns back in 1980s, the patented KDS technology is a two-stage combustion sys-tem that utilizes a primary chamber and afterburner. In the primary chamber, waste is combusted at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1400°C. In the afterburner, the products of combustion from the primary chamber are maintained at temperatures between 800 to 1,600°C for approximately 4.2 seconds.

The main differences between a KDS and a typical mass burn incinerator found in North America and Europe is the high temperature, long holding time, and reduced ash found in a KDS.

Besides municipal solid waste, the KDS was designed to accommodate a variety of solid, semi-solid and liquid waste. It’s also modular in design so the capacity of the system can be tailored to meet the needs of the end user. The result is a system that is ideal for small and medium sized communities with a mix of waste streams that need to be managed.

The company claims it can process municipal solid waste at a cost of $66 per tonne.

Verifi cationA fi ve tonne-per-day prototype KDS was built and tested in Nova Scotia in 2000 to evaluate the performance of the technology. Independent third party testing performed by AMEC Earth and Environmental verifi ed that the system could fully combust municipal waste resulting in ash with very low carbon content. AMEC also concluded that the KDS prototype generally produced fewer emissions when compared to typical incinerators.

Based on the success of the prototype unit, it’s anticipated the new and improved 20-tpd sys-


“QSTV recently signed an agreement with the

Dominican Republic for the purchase of a KDS system.”

by John Nicholson, M.Sc.,P.Eng.

Waste-to-EnergyKDS in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia

W A S T E B U S I N E S S

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tem that will be tested this fall will satisfy gov-ernment regulators and potential customers.

The company will ensure that testing of the 20-tpd KDS will meet the requirements of Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Canada. Anyone familiar with ETV knows that verification is not easy or cheap.

The benefits of verification far outweigh the extra effort and cost, especially if one is marketing to global clients. It’s an excellent marketing and sales tool as it provides a com-pany with credibility on its claims and pro-spective buyers with a level of comfort. Also, through ETV verification, permitting and ap-provals associated with a technology can be expedited.

Kearns is confident that testing will meet the emission standards of both the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

Besides ETV Canada verification, the system is undergoing review by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment under it New Environmental Technology Evaluation (NETE) program.

Sales and marketingThe success of any thermal treatment com-pany hinges on its ability to sell its solution. With respect to global sales and distribution of the KDS, Kearns and his company, Kearns Disintegration Systems Canada Limited, have partnered with Quantum Solutions Technol-ogy Ventures Inc. (QSTV), headquartered in Markham, Ontario.

Besides its interest in marketing and sales of waste solutions through its involvement with Kearns’ company, QSTV is also involved in building development and venture funding around the globe.

Through the efforts at QSTV there is al-ready interest in the KDS from municipalities and private companies in over 30 countries. QSTV recently signed an agreement with the Dominican Republic for the purchase of a KDS system complete with energy-from-waste capabilities. It is anticipated that the facility will be operational by 2012.

Another major advantage QSTV brings to the table is its financing capabilities. Through its partnerships with merchant banking groups, QSTV has the ability to provide up to 100 per cent financing for projects. Customers have

three payment options — outright purchase of a KDS, financing by QSTV for construction and operation, or a joint venture with minimal or no capital investment by the municipality.

Call Timothy England : 416-804-9636e-mail : [email protected]

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“The changes include establishing an overall 70 per cent diversion

target to be achieved by December 31, 2011.”

by Rosalind Cooper, LL.BR E G U L A T I O N R O U N D U P

Waste Initiatives across CanadaRevised Ontario WEEE planThe draft “Final (Phase 1 and 2) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equip-ment (WEEE) Program Plan,” that was posted by Waste Diversion On-tario for comment, has now been approved by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. The Plan revises and replaces the “Final Phase I Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Program Plan” that was ap-proved by the ministry on July 10, 2008.

The revised plan comes into force on April 1, 2010. In the interim, Ontario Electronics Stewardship will continue to implement the Phase I Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Program Plan that com-menced on April 1, 2009. The revisions to the existing Plan include the addition of the second phase of waste electrical and electronic equip-ment materials, and incorporate new information gathered since the ap-proval of the Phase I Plan.

The revisions permit stewards, who already operate or are interest-ed in operating closed-loop end-of-life management systems for their electrical and electronic equipment products, to participate under the program. The revisions also include a modifi ed “direct ship option” to address those situations where generators of waste electrical and elec-tronic equipment are not able to send materials through the program’s consolidation system (due to security concerns).

There’s also increased fl exibility for waste electrical and electronic equipment generators and collection sites. First, the sorting and pack-aging requirements have been expanded to allow for containers approved by Ontario Electronic Stewardship (OES). Second, waste electrical and electronic equipment generation sites, that would not otherwise qualify to be approved collection sites, will be allowed to participate under the program.

The revisions also amend the fee-setting methodology to include calculation of a program compliance fee, and add new materials and revise other material categories to allow increased accuracy in Ontario Electronic Stewardship (OES) cost models and fee setting calculations.

Zero Waste in British Columbia?The Recycling Council of British Columbia has produced a report en-titled “On the Road to Zero Waste: Priorities for Local Government.” The report discusses the “zero waste” alternative, which is defi ned as “a goal that is both pragmatic and visionary, to guide people to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are resources for others to use.” The focus is on designing and managing products and processes to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, and to conserve and recover all resources.

The report indicates that if a zero waste approach was applied in British Columbia, it would maximize levels of diversion from landfi ll and promote waste reduction and prevention. The intention is to elimin-ate the concept of waste, rather than managing waste after it’s produced. Some of the methods suggested in the report for achieving zero waste in-clude pay-as-you-throw systems, disposal bans, comprehensive organ-ics collection and management programs, green procurement, economic incentives, social marketing and education, and extended producer re-sponsibility. (See news item, page 7.)

Public spaces recycling pilotOntario’s fi rst-ever public spaces recycling program has been launched by the City of Sarnia, Refreshments Canada, the Canadian Bottled Water Association, Nestlé Waters Canada, and Waste Diversion Ontario. The ob-jectives of the program are to pursue recyclable items that are abandoned by consumers in various locations, including park spaces, recreation fa-cilities such as arenas, transit stops, bars and restaurants, elementary and secondary schools, convenience stores and gas stations, and that otherwise would be part of Ontario’s blue box curbside recycling program.

A similar program was launched in Quebec by the beverage indus-try and the Quebec government in June 2008. The recovery rates being achieved in that program are 85 per cent and include recyclables such as glass, aluminium, plastic and paper. The results of the Sarnia pilot pro-gram will be considered by Ontario’s environment ministry as a means of enhancing the existing blue box program.

Measuring performance on battery recyclingTwo organizations have come together to produce a study on battery recycling metrics. One of the organizations is Call2Recycle, which is the only free rechargeable battery and cell phone collection program in North America, and the other is the Product Stewardship Institute (PSI). The report entitled “Battery Performance Metrics: Recommendations for Best Practice,” considers how stewardship performance is measured and offers guidance that stakeholders can use to evaluate and strengthen battery collection initiatives.

Currently, governments and businesses use a variety of methodolo-gies to determine collection and participation rates in recycling. These methodologies result in discrepancies and create diffi culties in assess-ing the success of the various recycling initiatives. The objective of the report is to encourage the use of common metrics, and greater access to data to evaluate the performance of battery collection programs. (See news item, page 43.)

Ontario’s Blue Box Program Plan revisedOntario’s environment ministry has requested that certain changes be made to the Blue Box Program Plan under the Waste Diversion Act, 2002 and that the revised plan be submitted to the ministry by April 30, 2010. The changes include establishing an overall 70 per cent diversion target to be achieved by December 31, 2011 and revising the calculation of the quantity of blue box wastes diverted by incorporating residential blue box waste that’s collected via non-municipal collection systems.

In addition, the changes include identifi cation and inclusion of packaging-like material sold as products (such as empty aluminium pie plates) that are compatible with current collection systems. The minister has also requested that WDO review the management of packaging and printed paper by Ontario municipalities, and provide a report by Febru-ary 28, 2010 with recommendations.

Rosalind Cooper, LL.B., is a partner with Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP, with offi ces across Canada. Ms. Cooper is based in Toronto, Ontario. Contact Rosalind at [email protected]




P R O D U C T S

BHS completes sorting system at Wisconsin MRFBulk Handling Systems (BHS) has completed the installation of a state-of-the-art 25 tonne-per-hour single stream sorting system at the new Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in Outagamie County, Wisconsin. The MRF is a joint effort of three counties — Brown, Outa-gamie, and Winnebago — and was built to process material from the new single stream program developed by the three counties. The program is expected to generate greater vol-umes of recyclable materials and divert these materials from landfi ll. The three county sin-gle stream program combines paper with plas-tic, glass and metal recyclables.

The system focuses on the reduction of operating costs by optimizing integrated pro-cesses to emphasize mechanization and the extraction of recoverable materials on the fi rst pass. As a result, quality is high, processing costs are low, and residue values are very low.Visit www.bulkhandlingsystems.com

New RAR-240 suspension

Polar Tank Trailer, LLC, and Ridewell Sus-pensions are pleased to announce the release of an RAR-240 suspension with stainless steel hangers and upper spring plates. This version of Ridewell’s air-ride suspension is available for a full range of tank trailers, exclusively through Polar Tank. The new stainless parts offer improved appearance and durability, and will increase the effi ciency of the manufactur-ing process at Polar Tank.

RAR-240 air-rides accommodate virtually every kind of on or off highway trailer and are available in underslung and overslung confi g-urations for 25,000 and 30,000 lb. capacities. The Monopivot 240’s single bushing acts as a pivot for extreme axle articulation as well as an additional load_cushioning element. Polar Tank Trailer, LLC, is the largest tank trailer manufacturer in North America. Ridewell manufactures suspensions for the truck, trailer, bus, and RV industries.Visit www.polarcorp.com andwww.ridewellcorp.com

Automated route capabilities for waste haulersRouteware, Inc., a leader in the design and manufacture of hardware and software for the waste industry, has announced a strategic alli-ance with Linlar Enterprises that will bring an unprecedented new approach to route audits. Combining Routeware’s powerful onboard solutions with LinLar’s market-leading route audit capabilities, waste haulers can now iden-tify issues with route and customer profi tability and route effi ciency prior to, during, and after installation of the Routeware system. LinLar’s muti-step audit methodologies have helped haulers pinpoint and resolve issues with their routes for more than a decade. Combined with the detailed tracking capabilities of Routeware’s on-board system, haulers will now be able to micro-measure route performance and profi t-ability, leading to cost reduction, improved cus-tomer service, and increased bottom-line results across the operation.Visit www.routeware.com andwww.routeaudits.com

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Puzer/Ecosir restructuring

Puzer of Finland was purchased by a publicly traded company earlier this year and is now part of that company’s waste management division Ecosir Group Oy. The organization says it will add some interesting technolo-gies to its current list of services such as Sir Lift underground compactors, deep collection containers, and waste transfer stations. All key personnel from Puzer have been retained to continue and to improve on the vacuum waste collection system.Visit www.ecosir.com

Eco-safe truck washThe new environmentally safe Oil Eater truck wash is formulated to effectively remove grease, diesel, dirt, bird droppings and much more with spot-free results. Ultra-concentrat-ed, Oil Eater is a low VOC cleaner/degreaser that is non-acid, non corrosive, non-hazardous and completely biodegradable. The high-foaming wash can be diluted up to 100:l. It works in hard and soft water, cleans carbon deposits, lubricates brushes, is safe on pro-portioners and is ideal for automatic and high pressure self-service systems. It also is safe on polished aluminum, paint, glass, rubber and vinyl when used as directed. Oil Eater truck wash is available in a 5-gallon pail and 30 and 55-gallon drums.Visit www.oileater.com

New fabricated hammer millsStedman introduces a new line of fabricated hammer mills for crushing, grinding and pul-verizing. The line includes Type “A”, “B” and “BX” Hammer Mill models and features a more competitive cost and lighter weight than previous Stedman hammer mills that were all cast. Hammer mills operate with a rain of hammer or ring blows to shatter and disinte-grate materials, require less maintenance and allow for easy access for adjustments and re-placements.

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Hammer mills are available for a variety of size reduction applications, including alum cake, bran, coal, fi sh scrap, gypsum, lime-stone, shelled corn, steamed bone, wood, dried milk, oats, salt cake and animal tankage.

Type “A” Hammer Mills (up-running) fea-ture a 2-stage reduction principle for a dual mechanical reduction using the revolving hammers to shatter materials upon entry and then further disintegrating materials against the breaker plates. Type “B” Heavy Duty Hammer Mills use heavy, reversible hammers in conjunction with Stedman’s exclusive saw-tooth breaker plate to produce uniform prod-uct. Type “BX” Medium-Duty Hammer Mills, similar to Type “B”, feature a larger feed open-ing for medium hard, lumpy or bulky materi-als. Both the “B” and “BX” are down running hammer mills.Visit www.stedman-machine.com

Parker Pacifi c to represent Precision Husky in BCParker Pacifi c will sell and service all of Pre-cision Husky’s equipment in all its locations in British Columbia. Pictured, left to right, is Parker Pacifi c’s Forestry Equipment Manager, Tracey Russell and Precision’s Vice President/Engineering, Billy Daniels. Precision’s regional sales manager in the northwest area

is Jon Littler. The complete Precision Husky line of equipment includes ten models of tub grinders and six models of horizontal grind-ers. These units are available with engines from 100 horsepower to 1100 horsepower. Precision Husky Corporation may be the lar-gest manufacturer of sawmill chippers in the world, according to Chairman and CEO, Bob Smith. The company manufactures stationary

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chippers, from the smallest to the very largest, and from 50 horsepower to 3500 horsepower, along with four major sizes of mobile whole tree chippers.

Along with its line of Husky knuckle boom loaders, Precision also manufactures three dis-tinct models of fl ail debarkers: Model 2300 two-fl ail unit designed primarily for short wood; Model 2300-C three-fl ail unit combina-tion with chipper mounted on the same frame designed for tree-length wood with bark con-tent of one to two per cent; and, Model 2300-4 four-fl ail unit. The four-fl ail units are designed primarily for the eucalyptus plantations that now stretch literally around the world. They are capable of debarking multiple stems at 175 feet per minute (53 m/minute) with an average bark content of three-tenths of one percent.

Smith stated that he believed, “No other de-barker on the market today can achieve these results.”Visit www.parkerpacifi c.com

Badger introduces new shredding machineBadger Shredding Products Inc. introduces its NEW B2060T crawler mounted shredding machine. The new B2060T has Intertractor crawler frames that allow the machine to be mobile onsite. The fully remote controlled B2060T has a very high quality Rexroth hy-draulic system that is powered by a 9.0L 325HP John Deere diesel engine. The heart of the B2060T is its fi ve-foot-square process-ing chamber which has twin counter rotating shafts that have 13 replaceable blades and

two sets of replaceable cutting teeth per blade that rotate between 12-17 RPM. The machine is equipped with a cross-belt magnet and the discharge conveyor has a discharge height of 10’. The general dimensions of the machine are 10’ wide, 31’ long, 11’3” high and approx 75,000lbs.

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The machine is designed to process scrap metal material, concrete with rebar, pre-cast concrete with 7-strand wire, asphalt, construction and demolition material, tires, white goods and green waste.Visit www.badgershredding.com

HGL mixers mount to IBCs or totesNeptune Mixer Company’s new Series HGL (430 RPM) mixers allow easy integration with standard intermediate bulk-con-tainers (IBCs) or poly tote bins by use of an optional 2” 316SS

bulkhead fi tting. The HGL Mixer features a short shaft and a folding propeller that are constructed of 316SS and capable of fi tting through a two-inch opening; the prop’s operating diameter is nine inches. A second folding propeller can be added as an accessory and bolted anywhere on the 3/4” dia. shaft. Mo-tors available with Neptune’s HGL Mixer include TEFC electric motors (1/3 to 1 HP) or air motors (1/2 to 1 HP). Explosion-proof motors are also available.Visit www.neptune1.com

Heat ExchangersDDI, the manufacturer of the “Rect-angular Square Cube”™ channeled, low-maintenance heat exchangers and heat recovery has announced that the company installed six large heat exchangers via Ashbrook Simon-Hartley, of Houston TX, for their ECO-THERM Process Design in Tulsa Oklahoma. This project was with the cooperation of HDR Engin-

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eering Inc of Dallas Texas and Tulsa City WWTP.The system utilizes sludge-to-sludge heat recovery that could have

a payback of within a year. Compact rectangular fl ow channels allow for a no plug design, or at least for much, much less plugging, then any other technology.Visit www.ddi-heatexchangers.com

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Quebec borough shoots for zero wasteA new industrial composter is expected to bring the borough of Verdun, Quebec, closer to its goal of zero waste in municipal build-ings. The Montreal borough expects the com-poster to process 175 metric tonnes of waste and 70 tonnes of compost each year. It is the second phase of the borough’s initiative to re-duce landfill waste. Verdun already cut back on collection to once weekly for recyclables and waste, also reducing bulky item pick-up to once a month. While recycling rates have gone up from 47 per cent to 53 per cent, food leftovers and green waste still make up nearly 45 per cent of residential waste.

The composter, located in the municipal-ity’s greenhouses, is expected to help the bor-ough achieve its goal, while also cutting back on landfill transportation and waste processing expenses. Organic materials will come from the borough’s municipal buildings, as well as some local suppliers. The project will also determine if other Montreal boroughs could install similar composters.This news item first appeared in our affiliate news service www.EcoLogcom (9/22/2009)

High Ontario paper packaging diversion rateAlmost 70 per cent of the paper packaging en-tering Ontario households was sent for recyc-ling in 2008, according to statistics recently released by Blue Box industry funding organ-ization, Stewardship Ontario.

The numbers are released every year and are based on a combination of waste audits of what householders put out for recycling or gar-bage, and reports by companies on what ma-terials they place into the residential market-place. A non-crown corporation set up by

N E W S

the provincial government, Waste Diversion Ontario, vets the process.

“This is a very good result for paper pack-aging,” says John Mullinder, head of the in-dustry’s environmental council, PPEC. “Not many people realize that the average recycled content of the paper packaging we supply to the Canadian marketplace is 66 per cent.”

Old corrugated boxes are now the most widely recovered of all Blue Box materi-als with an amazing recovery rate of 92 per cent, up 15 percentage points on the previous data year. Industrial recycling of corrugated is also very good, says the environmental council, perhaps as high as 80 per cent. “To put corrugated recycling in perspective,’’ says Mullinder, “just one large supermarket chain in Ontario sends more than four times as many old corrugated boxes for recycling than all the municipalities of Ontario combined.”

The lighter weight boxboard carton com-monly used to deliver cereals and foodstuffs, also does well in the latest survey, increas-ing its recovery rate from 58 per cent to 65 per cent. “These cartons are mostly 100 per cent recycled content in the first place,” says Mullinder, “and in fact Ontario pioneered the further recycling of this material almost 20 years ago. It does present problems at the re-processing stage, but to have some 65 per cent of it diverted from landfill is really good.” Visit www.ppec-paper.com

Our latest TV program focuses on organicsOur TV program “Going Green for Green” introduces the audience to some leading-edge practices in the business of turning organic waste into profit. The program is the latest in our series hosted by Michael Lavelle.Look in the Multimedia box at www.solid-wastemag.com

GHG calculator at RCA conferenceEnvironment Canada’s GHG Calculator for Waste Management was presented at the Recycling Council of Alberta’s conference “Green for Gold.” This workshop, led by representatives from Environment Canada and ICF International, provided hands-on ex-posure to using the calculator. Environment Canada created the GHG Calculator for Waste Management to help municipalities and other users estimate GHG emission reductions from different waste management practices, includ-ing recycling, composting, anaerobic diges-tion (a treatment that digests organic waste in the absence of oxygen), combustion, and landfilling. The calculator helps users con-struct two distinct scenarios (baseline and alternative) for managing the same quantity and composition of municipal solid waste. The calculator then automatically calculates the GHG emissions and energy savings that will result from implementing the alternative scenario. Other information such as landfill gas recovery practices, and the transportation distance can also be entered into the calculator. For example, the calculator could be used to assess the GHG emission reductions that will occur when a municipality begins to compost organic waste instead of sending it to landfill, or the benefits of expanding municipal curb-side recycling programs.Visit www.recycle.ab.ca

New report on waste and climate changeThe garbage filling our trashcans is also changing our global climate, according to complimentary reports released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Product Policy Institute (PPI). The EPA Report reveals that 37 percent of United States

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Project1 11/13/06 10:28 AM Page 1

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N E W S

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total greenhouse gas emissions result from the provision and use of goods produced within the U.S. “Goods” includes all consumer prod-ucts and packaging, including building com-ponents and passenger vehicles. “Provision and use” includes all activities from resource extraction, manufacturing, and transport to use and disposal. A supplemental white paper, re-leased by PPI and written by the lead technical author of the EPA report, tells an even more surprising story. When emissions of products made abroad and consumed here are includ-ed, and exports are subtracted, products and packaging account for 44 percent of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. The PPI report adds the full global impact to the data published in the EPA report.

“These reports prove that implementing product stewardship programs in the U.S. will result in the greatest reduction of our carbon footprint,” said Heidi Sanborn, executive dir-ector of the California Product Stewardship Council, an organization of local governments working for EPR policy in California. “The reports show that EPR should be included in every climate action plan.”

The reports:EPA Report, Opportunities to Reduce

Greenhouse Gas Through Land and Materials Management: www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/ghg_land_and_materials_management.pdf

PPI White Paper, Products, Packaging and US Greenhouse Gas Emissions, www.pro-ductpolicy.org/content/climate-change-epr

Ontario approves HHW planOntario Environment Minister John Gerretsen has approved the consolidated Municipal Haz-ardous or Special Waste (MHSW) Program Plan (Phases 1, 2 & 3), to start July 2010. The plan is pursuant to section 26 of the Waste Diversion Act, 2002, and the plan was sub-mitted July 31, 2009 by Waste Diversion On-tario (WDO). The stewardship program puts Ontario at the leading edge of special waste management in North America. The minister’s approval letter (dated September 22) may be found at the Stewardship Ontario website, www.stewardshipontario.ca/mhsw/plan/plan.html

Battery stewardship newsSeveral important developments in the realm of battery stewardship have occurred recently. Call2Recycle(r), the only free rechargeable battery and cell phone collection program in North America, and the non-profit Product Stewardship Institute (PSI) have released the results of a study on battery recycling metrics.

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The report, “Battery Performance Metrics: Recommendations for Best Practice,” exam-ines differing ways that stewardship perform-ance is gauged and offers guidance that policy makers, manufacturers and program partici-pants can use to evaluate and strengthen bat-tery collection initiatives.

Currently, governments and businesses use a variety of methodologies to calculate col-lection and participation rates. These differ-ent methodologies result in discrepancies in reported metrics and the perceived success of programs. Call2Recycle and PSI hope this re-port will open a dialogue that leads to common metrics and greater access to data to evaluate the performance of battery collection programs.

“Measuring performance is critical to col-lecting and recycling more batteries,” said Scott Cassel, executive director of Product Stewardship Institute. “This study is meant to motivate all key stakeholders to reach a con-sensus on performance measures with an em-phasis on a collection rate target supported by convenience measures, per capita collection rates and wider sustainability metrics.”

Call2Recycle and PSI support the assembly of an advisory panel of experts to research, dis-cuss and seek consensus on measuring perform-ance, setting ambitious performance goals, and maximizing battery collection and recycling. The Battery Performance Metrics report is avail-able at www.productstewardship.us

In Canada, call2Recycle(r) and the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation of Canada (RBRCC) have advised that their draft plan for a battery stewardship program has been published, and a series of public con-sultation sessions were held during the fi rst week of October 2009. Visit www.call2re-cycle.org/british-columbia

DEWALT, a leading manufacturer of in-dustrial power tools, announced a national battery-recycling program that will take place at DEWALT’s 82 service centers nation-wide throughout the months of October and November. DEWALT, in conjunction with the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC), hopes to encourage the thousands of professional contractors who rely on its Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd), Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries on a daily basis to aid in helping the environment by recycling old units.

Through the program users who recycle their Ni-Cd, Ni-MH or Li-Ion DEWALT power tool batteries at one of the company’s service centers will receive a $10 discount to put toward their next DEWALT battery pur-chase. Visit www.call2recycle.orgAlso, see article on lithium battery recycling markets, page 46.

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METRO redefines the word ‘waste’

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Advertisers’ Index October/November 2009

Company Page # Company Page #

AECOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Al-Jon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

AMRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Applied Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Bandag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

BCEIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Battery Broker Environmental Services Inc ., The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Baycon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Bulk Handling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Cassels Brock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Cdn Renewable Fuels Assoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Environmental Compliance Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

EMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Environmental Business Consultants (J . Nicholson) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Eriez Magnetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Fast Pace Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Greey EnWaste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Groundworx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Harris Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

HMI Mgmt Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Labrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Lafleche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Laurin Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Machinex Recycling Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Mack Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Metro Waste Paper Recovery Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Molok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Norseman Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Paradigm Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Paul Van der Werf (2CG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Protainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Rechargeable Battery Recycling Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Recycling Equip Council Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Rehrig Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Samuel Strapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Schuyler Rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Sebright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Sims Cab Depot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Softpak Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Trux Route Management Systems Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

TY Cushion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Van Dyk Baler Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Vermeer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Vulcan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Walinga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Walker Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17


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“Toxco plans to use the DOE grant to transfer its existing

lithium battery recycling technology from its Trail,

British Columbia recycling facility to the Lancaster site.”

by Eric GloverB L O G

Lithium BatteriesRecycling market gears for growth

Lead-acid batteries, the kind found in traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, top the list of the most highly recycled consumer products, according to Johnson Controls. Approximately 97 per cent of all

lead-acid batteries are recycled each year — nearly double the rate of aluminum cans (49 per cent) and more than twice that of paper (45 per cent). Even scrap steel falls well short of the recycling standard set by lead-acid batteries: the Steel Recycling Institute reported a 78.2 per cent steel recycling rate for 2007.

Although there’s a well-established infrastructure in place for lead-acid battery recycling, the same cannot be said of large-format lithium-ion batteries, which are expected to soon become the dominant type of battery used in hybrid and electric vehicles. (Small lithium batteries are widely used now in consumer electronics devices.) Currently, most hybrid and electric vehicles on the road use nickel-metal hydride batteries, but the technology advantages of lithium batteries are likely to make them the preferred type for hybrid and electric vehicles. For example, lithium bat-teries can be lighter and smaller than nickel-metal hydride batteries, while providing more energy and power.

Toxco to the rescueRight now, there are no designated recycling fa-cilities in the US for the type of lithium batteries that will be used in hybrid and electric vehicles. That is about to change, however, as California-based battery recycler Toxco was recently granted $9.5 million by the US Department of Energy to construct the nation’s fi rst lithium battery recyc-ling plant. This facility will be built at Toxco’s existing Lancaster, Ohio plant which already pro-cesses nickel-metal hydride batteries as well as lead-acid batteries. Toxco plans to use the DOE grant to transfer its existing lithium battery recyc-ling technology, now used at its Trail, British Columbia recycling facil-ity, to the Lancaster site and adapt it for vehicle batteries.

The process for recycling lithium batteries is actually quite complex, involving a number of technical steps (though most of them are automat-ed). When batteries arrive at Toxco’s Trail facility, any residual electric energy from them must be removed fi rst since lithium can be explosive at room temperature. To do this, Toxco immerses the batteries in liquid nitrogen, cooling them to -325 degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature, lithium “is rendered relatively inert,” according to the company. Once that’s done, the batteries can be safely shredded so that key metals like aluminum, copper, and steel can easily be separated and collected for sale. In addition, the “lithium components are separated and converted to lithium carbonate for resale,” Toxco states.

Finally, Toxco recovers nonhazardous materials like the plastic cas-ings and other miscellaneous components for appropriate recycling or scrapping.

A future growth opportunityAs it stands now, there’s little market for lithium battery recycling, since the small-size lithium batteries typically used contain little lithium. Moreover, lithium is not an expensive metal, selling for just a few dol-lars a pound. However, as automakers switch to lithium technology and hybrid vehicle adoption continues to increase, many believe that lithium pricing will increase, perhaps substantially so depending on the demand for hybrid vehicles. If this occurs, the economics of lithium battery re-cycling should become more favorable. Moreover, there’s clearly going to be a sizeable recycling opportunity for the nickel and cobalt metals that are also used in lithium batteries. These metals are (today) consider-ably more valuable than lithium and already widely recycled because of their value.

As for company involvement in this emerging area of the recycling industry, Toxco is expanding its lithium battery recycling technology to the United States. Overseas, Umicore recycles a limited number of lith-ium-ion batteries at a pilot plant in Sweden. Meanwhile, two Japanese

companies, Nippon Mining & Metals Co. and GS Yuasa, “each plan to start collecting lithium ion batteries from scrapped electric and hybrid vehicles in order to recycle their aluminum. Nippon developed technology that extracts lith-ium from the batteries, and plans to have its trial plant running as early as 2011,” according to an online report in Hybrid Cars. The report noted that GS Yuasa, a major producer of automotive batteries, will begin collecting used lithium-ion batteries from automakers in a few years to fur-ther develop its recycling process.

Back in the United States, we checked in with Johnson Controls, which is the world’s leading manufacturer of lead-acid batteries. Management

noted that since the company just started production of lithium batteries for hybrids, there’s nothing to recycle for a while. (We note that current hybrid vehicle batteries are supposed to last as long the car, which is at least 100,000 miles and potentially up to 200,000 miles, according to our research.) However, JCI said its expectation is that the lithium bat-teries “will certainly be recycled.” It’s not clear whether the company plans to do this itself or will outsource it to a third party. While it’s still early, we think lithium battery recycling is an emerging growth segment of the recycling industry defi nitely worth watching in the years ahead.NOTE: This article fi rst appeared in Canaccord Adam’s Talking Trashnewsletter (September 21, 2009 edition)

Eric Glover is Analyst, Sustainability Practice in the San Francisco, California offi ce of Canaccord Adams (headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts). Contact Eric at [email protected]



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solid waste & recycling october/november 2009

Documents

waste recycling requirements

waste business

straight wire

specialty wire

recycling equipmentand

galvanized stem wire

swr on

merchant wire custom