By

Dr. M.M. SharmaM.A., Ph.D.

SARASWATI HOUSE PVT. LTD.(An ISO 9001:2008 Company)

EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERSNew Delhi-110002

Published by:Atul GuptaSaraswati House Pvt. Ltd.9, Daryaganj, Near Telephone Office, New Delhi-110002Post Box: 7063Phone: 43556600 (100 lines), 23281022Fax: 43556688E-mail: delhi@saraswatihouse.comWebsite: www.saraswatihouse.comImport-Export Licence No. 0507052021

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(iii)

SECTION AREADINGUnseen Passages Worksheets 1 to 39 .............................................................................................................. 113

SECTION BWRITINGShort Writing Task (Narrative/Story) Worksheets 40 to 44 .......................................................................................................... 1417Composition (Article Writing) Worksheets 45 to 49 .......................................................................................................... 1820Composition (Speech Writing) Worksheets 50 & 51 .......................................................................................................... 2021Composition (Report Writing) Worksheets 52 & 53 .......................................................................................................... 2223Composition (Recounting of Personal Experience/Incident) Worksheets 54 & 55 .......................................................................................................... 2324Letter Writing (Admissions) Worksheets 56 & 57 .......................................................................................................... 2425Letter Writing (School IssuesComplaints) Worksheet 58 ..................................................................................................................... 2526Letter Writing (School IssuesMaking Requests) Worksheet 59 ..................................................................................................................... 2627Letter Writing (School IssuesSuggesting Improvements) Worksheet 60 ..................................................................................................................... 2728Letter Writing (Requirements/Suitability of Courses) Worksheet 61 ..................................................................................................................... 2829Letter Writing (Letters to the Editor) Worksheets 62 to 64 .......................................................................................................... 2932

SECTION CGRAMMARDeterminers (Types I-III) Worksheets 65 to 67 .......................................................................................................... 3334Tenses (Types I-III) Worksheets 68 to 70 .......................................................................................................... 3435Clauses (Types I-III) Worksheets 71 to 73 .......................................................................................................... 3637Modals (Types I-III) Worksheets 74 to 76 .......................................................................................................... 3738Active & Passive Voice (Types I-III) Worksheets 77 to 79 .......................................................................................................... 3940

SECTION DTEXTBOOKS1. HORNBILL (English Reader)

POETRYA Photograph (Shirley Toulson) Worksheets 80 to 82 ................................................................................................................ 41

The Laburnum Top (Ted Hughes) Worksheets 83 to 85 .......................................................................................................... 4142The Voice of the Rain (Walt Whitman) Worksheets 86 to 88 .......................................................................................................... 4243Childhood (Markus Natten) Worksheets 89 to 92 .......................................................................................................... 4344Father to Son (Elizabeth Jennings) Worksheets 93 to 96 .......................................................................................................... 4445

PROSEThe Portrait of A Lady (Khushwant Singh) Worksheets 97 to 101 ........................................................................................................ 4648Were Not Afraid to Die... (Gordon Cook and Alan East) Worksheets 102 to 105 ...................................................................................................... 4850Discovering Tut... (A. R. Williams) Worksheets 106 to 109 ...................................................................................................... 5051Landscape of the Soul (Nathalie Trouveroy) Worksheets 110 to 113 ...................................................................................................... 5253The Ailing Planet... (Nani Palkhivala) Worksheets 114 to 117 ...................................................................................................... 5455The Browning Version (Terence Rattigan) Worksheets 118 to 121 ...................................................................................................... 5557The Adventure (Jayant Narlikar) Worksheets 122 to 125 ...................................................................................................... 5759Silk Road (Nick Middleton) Worksheets 126 to 129 ...................................................................................................... 5961

2. SNAPSHOTS (Supplementary Reader)

The Summer of the Beautiful... (William Saroyan) Worksheets 130 to 133 ...................................................................................................... 6264The Address (Marga Minco) Worksheets 134 to 137 ...................................................................................................... 6466Rangas Marriage (Masti Venkatesha Iyengar) Worksheets 138 to 141 ...................................................................................................... 6668Albert Einstein at School (Patrick Pringle) Worksheets 142 to 145 ...................................................................................................... 6870Mothers Day (J.B. Priestley) Worksheets 146 to 149 ...................................................................................................... 7072The Ghat of the Only World (Amitav Ghosh) Worksheets 150 to 153 ...................................................................................................... 7274Birth (A. J. Cronin) Worksheets 154 to 157 ...................................................................................................... 7476The Tale of Melon City (Vikram Seth) Worksheets 158 to 162 ...................................................................................................... 7678

SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PAPERS ...................................................................... 79104

(iv)

1GNIDAER

WORKSHEET1

1. 1. (d) walking briskly for half an hour2. (c) it has no side effects3. (b) must start slowly4. (a) it lowers blood pressure5. (d) it consumes a couple of hundred calories6. (c) proof

WORKSHEET2

1.1 Title: Clearing the MessNotes:1. Yamuna - lifeline of Delhi

dead river for 32 km.2. SCs order to industrialists

(a) instal effluent trtmt. plt. by Nov. 1(b) face closure

3. SCs Judl Actvsm.(a) lead free petl.(b) phasing 15 yrs. old autos.(c) mandatory polln. check.(d) ban. polybags(e) censurg shrimp farmg in TN(f) chem. units in Raj.

4. Responsibility of Industrialists(a) CPCBs +ve suggestion - Indus. ve response

(i) pool resources - com. effluent trtmt. plt.(b) No incentive for trtmt. & reuse of water

(i) comml rates on water supply - olooked(c) Govt. setting up eff. trtmt. plt.

(i) Indus. to follow.(d) Tech. for waste management expensive - discharge waste anyhow

5. SCs Intervention(a) indus. not. profit only - responsibility(b) common good - no poisonous polln.(c) ... polluter wont pay - S.C. intervention(d) censured indus : reacts ve

(i) stops (ii) no investment in cleaning tech.(e) SCs insistence on envtl. norms.

1.2 (a) (ii) blatant (b) (iv) detriment (c) (iii) growing rapidly

UNSEEN PASSAGESSECTION

A

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1. 1. (d) the enemy guns had fired at it repeatedly2. (c) he would not go without his fathers word3. (b) he was unconscious because of death4. (a) it was uncontrollable and violently beautiful5. (d) a ballad6. (c) making a loud deep sound

WORKSHEET4

1.1 Title: Self Cleaning Materials1.2 Notes:

1. Self clg. mats.(a) clean dirt, stains (b) eliminate foul odour & dang. bacteria

2. Self clg. tilespple. of wk.(a) uv rays Ti O2

3. Spl. props. of Ti O2(a) TiO2 makes paint / tooth paste white(b) ability to break down H2O into H2 and O2(c) abs. energy from uv band + reacts with H2O vapours prod. O2 brk. org. matter

CO2 + trace elements4. Discovery Testing & Research

(a) dis. - Akira Fujishima (Tokyo Univ.) - 1969(b) Testg. Ako Central Hospl.(c) Adam Heller (Texas Univ.)TiO2 coated glassremoved finger prints in 2 hrs.

5. Marketing(a) Tiles called Neo clean (b) Jap. Toto Corp.

6. Future Prospectswash itself paint

1.3 (a) (iv) smart (b) (iii) exposed (c) (i) irregular patches

WORKSHEET5

1. 1. (b) observing financial discipline2. (c) they carry high interest rates3. (d) it generates free money4. (a) these are for convenience5. (c) investment in schemes with easy liquidity6. (b) period of general economic decline

WORKSHEET6

1. 1. (d) he wanted to split wood for money2. (c) the sun was out and the wind was still3. (a) winter was only pretending to be dead4. (b) they thought all chopping was theirs of right5. (c) unite hobby and work6. (d) gloomy or depressed

3GNIDAER

WORKSHEET7

1.1 Title: Effective Office CommunicationNotes:1. Office commn.

(a) most imp. activity (b) time-consuming2. Purpose of Commn

(a) oral : elicit imm. & desired response earn an audience(b) written : facilitates informed decisions & actions - earn a reader

(i) memo - internal meeting (ii) letter - respond external query(iii) proposal - persuade (iv) Report - case/prob., analysis & soln.

3. Effective Commn(a) Imp. but difficult to achieve.

(i) structure language & style, tone & jargon.(ii) consciousness, interest & practice

(iii) skill(b) facilitates action

4. Creating a Good Report.(a) Aim of a Report

inform instruct record recommend persuade motivate impress change attitude

(b) present argmt. - logl. manner.(c) readers perspective

(i) easy to read & understand(ii) clear objectives

(iii) proper shape & structure5. Process of Report Writing

Setting up a sitn

Describe the prob. & its implications

Review the poss.

Make recommendations

6. Structure of a Report

Beginning Middle End

Introduction Details Conclusion

Sum-the contentsattract attn. maintain int. pull togetherarouse int. gain acept. suggestionscreate desire to read lead to end recommendations

1.2 (a) (ii) elicit (b) (iv) involves (c) (iii) view point

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WORKSHEET8

1. 1. (b) it has every utensil behind closed doors2. (c) it takes care of fumes quietly3. (d) an ordeal4. (a) gadgets and ingredients for delicacies are easily available5. (c) the food processor6. (d) sullenly discontented

WORKSHEET9

1. 1. (c) these are unreal and hollow2. (d) metonymy3. (b) it buries all under the earth4. (a) they creep to death as pale captives5. (d) they performed just and noble actions6. (c) it is covered with human blood

WORKSHEET10

1.1 Title: Headache

Notes: HEADACHE

DEFNOrig. nerves Pain base of skull

behind eyes

TYPES OF HEADACHE

TENSION H. ACHE MIGRAINE H. ACHE

SYMPTOMS band of pain pain head one side head, neck, shoulder nausea, irritability

CAUSES drivg certain foodstypg smokgsitg Gen.

DURATION short 8-24 hrs.possible hangover

GENERAL CAUSES RELIEF Hormonal Envtl. Stress Spinal Short Term Long TermImbalances misalignment

Poor posture in sitting/ Visit doc.sleeping

Ice dark fluid painpack glasses intake killers

1.2 (a) (iv) distress (b) (ii) trigger (c) (iii) intensity

pain

5GNIDAER

WORKSHEET11

1. 1. (d) he was intelligent and observant2. (c) he had a good eye and sure hand3. (a) these could save them from famine4. (b) Australia5. (c) they could bring their heaviest things from the undertent6. (c) a large strong box for storing things

WORKSHEET12

1. 1. (c) he went to pray regularly2. (d) it had human qualities of love, hate and revenge3. (a) it had to gain some selfish interests4. (b) they foresaw the end of the good man because of the dog bite5. (c) the selfish dissembler was more poisonous than a mad dog6. (d) irony

WORKSHEET13

1.1 Title: Noise MenaceNotes:1. Noise pollution - ignored

(a) escalating & medically injurious(b) near Diwali

(i) noise of crackers (ii) pollutants emitted(c) Some reactions

(i) DOE - campaigns in schs. - harmful effs. of crackers on eardrums & lungs(ii) DPCC - say no to crackers

(iii) NGO - meetings & plays(iv) D.Govt. - burst crackers in open spaces/ parks

2. Prob. of Noise Polln.(a) Above CPCB stds 55dB (day)

resdl. colonies 45dB (night)(b) Causes

(i) traffic congtn (ii) increasing population (iii) lack of pub. awareness(iv) generators (v) airhorns (vi) loudspeakers.

3. Effect of Noise Polln. on Health & Behaviour

(a) above 55 dB (i) aggressive behaviour (ii) sleep disturbance(iii) annoyance (iv) irritability

(b) to 65 dB htension

(c) above 75 dB (i) extreme stress (ii) increasing heart rates(iii) potential hearing loss

4. Laws & implementation(a) many laws & regulations (b) tardy impln

1.2 (a) (i) dearth (b) (iii) increasing (c) (i) specification

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1. 1. (d) they emit their own light at night2. (c) different3. (b) predatory4. (a) abdominal organs5. (d) cold but efficient in terms of energy6. (c) interesting/attractive

WORKSHEET15

1. 1. (d) he wanted to ease the pain of the wound caused by it2. (c) he lost blood rapidly3. (i) (a) simile

(ii) (d) alliteration4. (b) heavy gasps quivered and convulsed his body5. (c) the desperate state of the father who lay in grief by the side of his dead son6. (d) the body of a young man having warm blood

WORKSHEET16

1.1 Title: Charity Hospital for BirdsNotes:1. Place & Origin

1.1 Locn. : Corner of Ch. Chowk1.2 Founder : Lala Lachumal Jain (1929)1.3 Growth : 1929 - 1 room struc.

1957 - pres. bldg.1.4 Facilities : Upto 1968 - ayurvedic treatment

from 1968 - allopathy introducedfrom 1992 - path. lab tests & surgery

2. Procedure of treatment

People bring injured birds

Name of person, kind of bird, date

Entry in reg.

Ailing bird adm. first-aid

Kept in iso cage

Moved to comm. sec.

Allowed to fly away

7GNIDAER

3. Resources Charity

bus. men visitors tourists4. Uniqueness

4.1 charitableno govt. funds4.2 free of cost trtmt4000 to 5000 birds per day4.3 expenditure : ` 6 - 7 lakh annually

5. Drawbacks5.1 carnivorous & pets excluded5.2 locn. inaccessible5.3 no research wk.

1.2 (a) (iv) unpretentious (b) (iii) isolated (c) (ii) flesh eating animals

WORKSHEET17

1. 1. (c) he had no useful work2. (d) he stood lazily in the streets and pushed others3. (a) he had no work in hand4. (b) she did not understand the meaning of lines and colours5. (d) workers wasted time on painting and sculpture6. (b) valuable or important and not to be wasted

WORKSHEET18

1. 1. (d) a typical land labourer2. (c) his back is bent by the weight of centuries3. (a) he is devoid of all feelings4. (b) is a handiwork of man5. (c) to beware of a rebellion6. (d) alliteration

WORKSHEET19

1.1 Title: International TerrorismNotes:1. Terrorismthreat to world peace & security

(a) probs. like crime proliferation2. Causes of terrorism

(a) deep & bitter ethnic, rel. & ideo. conflicts(b) periodical civil & internatl wars(c) unconvl & proxy war methods

(i) low cost (ii) low-risk (iii) high yield(d) dissemination of new technology(e) modern weapon tech.

3. Diff. forms of Terrorism

political religious micro-terrorism nuclear

4. Justification of Terrorism(a) struggle between 2 adversaries(b) end imp. not means

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5. Dangers of Terrorism(a) destroy human rights & freedom of people(b) threatens terrl integrity of nations(c) law & order prob.(d) setback to economy

(i) damages trade & resources (ii) scares away investors.

1.2 (a) (iii) fester (b) (iv) lucrative (c) (ii) insight

WORKSHEET20

1. 1. (c) they failed to regulate and manage available resources2. (d) the water treatment plants are not getting enough supply3. (a) to practise water conservation more efficiently4. (b) incessant rains in the catchment areas5. (c) road and rail communication has been disturbed6. (d) proudly talked about

WORKSHEET21

1. 1. (d) a passionate plea for social justice2. (a) they exploit and bring them down3. (b) a metaphor4. (c) they live off the labour of others5. (d) they are deprived of the fruit of their labour6. (c) to decorate

WORKSHEET22

1.1 Title: EarthquakeNotes:1. Defn. tremor/shakg of grnd.2. Types of Equake

(a) Gentle - unrecogd (b) Suff. prond - gentle alarm (c) Severeeno. destn3. Signs of Occurrence

(a) Tremblg - 1 or more severe shocks- tremblg(b) Various Noises

(i) howlg of storm (ii) growlg of thunder(iii) clankg / clashg of iron chains (iv) rumblg of heavy wagon on road

(c) Range - thro grd, sea, air - heard at distance(d) Some equakes silent

4. Changes in Earths Surface(a) Landslips and cracks - drainage altd(b) Equake + sea waves - rocks & sand swept inland(c) Permt elevns/ deprns

5. Origin(a) mount. region (b) sea (c) volcanoes

6. Causes(a) Volcanic action in mount. (b) Sea water entg. heated rocks(c) Explon of expanding vapour (d) Collapse of under grd. hollows(e) Snapg of strata

9GNIDAER

7. Occurrence - cold months/winter8. Most Dest. Equakes

(i) 1908 - Straits of Messina altered(ii) 1925 - Japan - Upheaval - Towns destd - thousands killd

1.2 (a) (iv) prevailed (b) (iii) strata (c) (ii) upheaval

WORKSHEET23

1. 1. (d) huge tracts of jungles2. (c) they cling to their primitive ways of life3. (a) tribals4. (b) shells in their ear lobes and septums5. (d) they use clubs to crack heads6. (c) to make less tight

WORKSHEET24

1.1 Title: Self-financing University EducationNotes:1. Reasons for making univ. degrees paid in full

1.1. huge expenditure due to hr. edu.1.2 50% wastage due to univ. exams1.3. univ. income static1.4. wide diff. between income & exp.

2. Reason for keeping tuition fee static2.1. threat of student agitation2.2. fear of political unpopularity

3. Concept of autonomous colleges3.1. HRD Ministrys brainchild - a way out3.2 have autonomy in

3.2.1 framing syllabi3.2.2 appointments3.2.3 exams.

3.3 Fees not enhanced yet4. Self-financing hr. edu. remote

4.1. univ. campus politically alive, financially bankrupt4.2. new set of educational institutions - totally self-financed4.3. to introduce self-financing or not4.4. huge initial expenditure - who will bear - parents/govt.?

1.2 (a) (iv) momentum (b) (iii) surmount (c) (i) complicated, embarrasing situation

WORKSHEET25

1. 1. (d) the pride and ego of a soldier2. (b) he is anxious about the outcome3. (a) Marshal Lannes hesitated before the enemy4. (c) he had an important message for Napoleon5. (d) he was smiling cheerfully6. (c) covers

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WORKSHEET26

1. 1. (c) these courses are considered fit only for academically weak students2. (d) they require proper equipment and qualified staff to run such courses3. (a) bringing about a certain level of competence in students4. (b) students and parents lack awareness and have prejudices against the courses5. (c) they provide basic knowledge of the subject6. (d) environment

WORKSHEET27

1.1 Title: Beauty IndustryNotes:1. Flourishing Ind.

(a) Unaffected by depn.(b) Advts. - miracles of bty. aids(c) Phy. bty - still pop. among women

2. Craze for Beautification(a) America leads figs.(b) Parts of Europe - little for bty. aids(c) Everywhere in the world - sub. amt.

(i) Rich(ii) Upp. mid. cls.

3. Reasons(a) Rich women - invt. on bodies & faces(b) Womens freedom - eq. to man

(i) social/prof. funct. of soc.(ii) Look attractive in any sitn.

(c) Shrewdness of bty. ind.(i) Exploits the trend to look btyful

(ii) Women of all classes - buy beauty aids4. Old ladies - extinct species

(a) Beauty parlours(i) ex. thro. health motors

(ii) skin foods(b) Cosmetic surgery

No white hair, wrinkles, bent backs or hollow cheeks

1.2 (a) (ii) substantial (b) (iv) shrewd (c) (i) no longer in existence

WORKSHEET28

1. (c) use of force or violence2. (d) he was too young and silly to be there3. (a) full of condemnation4. (b) simile5. (a) ordinary and unimportant6. (d) wild plants which sting if touched

11GNIDAER

WORKSHEET29

1. 1. (d) as one becomes old2. (b) joint family system has collapsed3. (c) they are insufficient and ill-equipped4. (a) they are apathetic and unimaginative5. (d) they either force them to do menial tasks or throw them out6. (b) idea/principle

WORKSHEET30

1.1 Title: Compulsive BuyingNotes:1. Consumerism

1.1. insatiable appetite for goods1.2. mountg debts.

2. Compulsive buying - a disease2.1. a disorder called oniomania2.2. price discounts2.3. growg advt. campn & comptn.2.4. shopg thro net2.5. credit cards - easy & instt. borrowing2.6. shopoholics - worldwide

3. Problems of compulsive buyers3.1. Isolation, guilt & fear3.2. breakdown of relationship

3.2.1 debt3.2.2 deceipt

3.3. women more vulnerable to addiction4. Tips to break habit of compulsive buying

4.1. Avoid looking at glossy mags4.2. Take regular stock of clothes/accessories4.3. Making credit less easily available4.4. Check on advt. encouraging easy borrowing

1.2 (a) (i) frequent (b) (iv) discount (c) (iii) dissatisfied

WORKSHEET31

1. 1. (b) they could be the start of something really great2. (d) a small shift in ones attitude3. (c) it provides a fresh perspective for concentration4. (a) these serve one well now and in the future5. (c) think big about future and of other career paths6. (d) to give attention

WORKSHEET32

1.1 Title: Inhalers and EnvironmentNotes:1. CFCs & Envt

(a) dangerous for envt. (b) releases Cl - dest. O3 (c) green-house effectglobal warmg

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2. Use of CFCs(a) Domestic & commercial

(i) AC, fridge. (ii) fire extg.(b) Medicine

(i) propellants for inhal. drugs (ii) MDI for asthma.3. Inhaler Therapy

(a) CFC inhals - neg. grn house eff. (b) Trtmt. of asthma. (c) Admn. antibiotic in inhaled forms.4. Alternative Approach

(a) nebn (b) FCS wout Cl(c) dry powder inhs.prob. of dosages

(i) rotahalers & rota caps. (ii) disc halers - 6 to 8 dos. (iii) turbohalers - 100 to 200 dos.1.2 (a) (iii) propelling (b) (iv) released (c) (i) insignificant

WORKSHEET33

1. 1. (d) just describe it2. (c) bad women tempt young boys3. (a) it has slums and hungry people4. (b) it is proud and strong5. (c) simile6. (d) unrestrained

WORKSHEET34

1. 1. (b) eating raw fish and its juice2. (c) they provide vitamin C3. (d) he wanted to exist like a shipwrecked sailor4. (a) he wanted to use it as a harpoon5. (d) he was trying to rescue his air-filled cushion from sea water6. (c) the soft substance between the skin and bones of animal or human bodies

WORKSHEET35

1.1 Title: The Plight of the Hill PeopleNotes:1. Landslide disasters

13GNIDAER

2. Exposed boulderspotential threat(a) no green cover to bind (b) downpour exposes boulders (c) no wire meshing

3. Ways to mitigate disasters(a) Edutg cultivators - conserve soil & moisture

(i) partial levelling & contour cultn. (ii) trdl. crop & cropg. patn.(b) using wire mesh to bind expd. hillside(c) tradl. housing - mud & timber

(i) wood bends - saves lives (ii) concrete - weight traps2.2 (a) (ii) milieu (b) (iv) depletion (c) (iii) destroys

WORKSHEET36

1. 1. (d) a ballad2. (c) she was shy by nature3. (b) they wanted to cure him of his foolishness4. (a) he shed tears for seven long years as he couldnt see her5. (d) she wanted to test the love of the youngman6. (c) encouragement

WORKSHEET37

1. 1. (c) he wants the refund of his tuition fee2. (d) he has not learnt anything worth his money3. (a) it is totally unusual4. (b) he fails to retain his job5. (c) he wants to prove his incompetence and claim refund6. (d) having no money

WORKSHEET38

1. 1. (d) being old, she tried to overcome breathing problems2. (c) these presented a contrast to the dozing mother3. (a) to bring out the similarity of ageing and decay4. (b) a simile5. (c) the fear of ageing and ultimate death/separation6. (b) to hide her own feelings of pain

2. 1. (c) they occupy majestic and honourable position among the animals2. (d) they have passed through very hard and bitter experience of married life3. (b) they are objects of art4. (a) ordeals and hardships of married life5. (c) alliteration6. (d) very heavy

WORKSHEET39

1. 1. (d) her sons2. (c) fighters on the side of the Britishers3. (a) a simile4. (b) her sons fought and died in the war5. (c) there was destruction of property and human lives6. (d) handed over

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SHORT WRITING TASK (Narrative/Story)

WORKSHEET40

1. Stranded in Snow Fall

Our school organised a hiking and trekking expedition during the winter break this year. Ourparty comprised ten members including the Physical Training Instructor who was our guideand mentor. The weather was pleasant and there was bright sunshine for the first 3-4 days. Wecovered about 10 to 12 kilometres of hilly terrain each day. Then there was heavy snowfall. Wewere forced to suspend our activities as the crags covered with snow became slippery and hencedangerous. We enjoyed making snowmen and playing with snow. Our new pastime was shortlivedas cold winds made us shiver. We were confined to the base camp. Two of us Sudhir and Anil hadrunning nose and mild fever. Our teacher advised us to drink warm water and avoid cold drinksand ice-cream. We had to remain content watching the snowfall from our camp. Luckily ourcompanions recovered after two days.

2. Burglary in Locality

I was studying in my room when at 11 pm I heard some agonising cries from the flat opposite myhouse. I saw two persons manhandling an old lady who seemed to be the sole occupant of thehouse. These burglars gagged her and tied her to a pillar. Then they ransacked the rooms.Meanwhile, I contacted the police station and gave brief description of their physique and clothesas well as their activities. After completing their job, the two burglars got near the main door.They got the shock of their life when they found that it would not open easily. Perhaps theythought it was jammed. They applied force. Then one of them tried to break it open. The otherexplored the alternative possibility of escape. Since it was an upstairs flat, jumping from windowcould cause a fracture. Little did they know that I had bolted the door from outside. The policeshowed exemplary promptness in reaching the scene. I was asked to hide behind the stairs.A young police officer slowly opened the door. The luck of the burglars ran short. They werenabbed and put behind the bars.

3. A Grand Farewell(A narrative by Sandeep, XI-A)

Our esteemed Principal Mr R.R. Gupta retired on 30th September this year after rendering 35years of meritorius service. On the day of his retirement a grand function was held to give hima hearty send-off. As the captain of Tagore house, I was given the responsibility to organise andconduct the celebrations. I invited all the house-captains and prefects for a meeting. It waschaired by the Vice-Principal. All the details were worked out. Duties were assigned to differentmembers. Detailed programme was chalked out. I was asked to be the master of the ceremonies.I welcomed our worthy Principal and other teachers. Then the cultural show began. Songs andpoems extolling his qualities were recited. Our Vice Principal delivered a thought-provokingspeech. He praised the outgoing principal for his contribution to education and sports. Studentsgarlanded the principal and escorted him to his car. Some of them became emotional. Theybegan to weep. We bade him farewell with tears in our eyes.

WRITINGSECTION

B

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1. A Nightmarish NightLast night, I witnessed the most horrible car accident which still haunts my memory andmakes me shudder.It was around 2.30 p.m. as I moved from the Palam Airport to the Ring Road. I saw a HondaCity approaching the main road at terrific speed. The stereo of the car was at full volume andthe occupants seemed to chat noisily. Evidently, they were some late night revellers returningfrom a party. I slowed down my vehicle and let the youngmen in a hurry hit the road. It seemedthat they had thrown all caution to the wind. Their vehicle was running on the wrong side ofthe divider. Within the twinkling of an eye I heard a loud crash. A truck had hit the expensivecar. The impact was so forceful that the car began to spin, took off at a tangent and rushed onto the pavement where some homeless people were sleeping. These unfortunate persons werecrushed to pulp. Blood and mangled flesh lay all around. Loud cries rent the air. The accidenttook the toll of three lives besides injuring seven, two of them being in critical position. As aresponsible citizen I telephoned the police and the nearest hospital for an ambulance.

2. Annual Day & Prize Distribution FunctionThe Annual Day and Prize Distribution Function of our school was celebrated on 5th Februarythis year. The Chief Guest, the State Education Minister, was received by the Principal and themembers of the staff. He inaugurated the function by lighting a lamp. The function began withinvocation of goddess Saraswati. Then the Principal read out the annual report. The Chief Guestthen honoured the meritorious students and eminent sportmen by awarding them medals, prizesand certificates. I was one of the prizewinners. I felt elated when my name was announced. Theguests clapped to applaud my academic achievements. The Chief Guest patted me on the back.We then enjoyed the brief cultural show. Then the Chief Guest was requested to give a message.In a brief but inspirational speech, the Chief Guest exhorted us to perform better. The functionended with the singing of the national anthem.

3. Blood Donation CampA blood donation camp was organised by our school on 24 October, the UNO Day, at 9.00 am inthe school auditorium. Our Principal was the first person to donate the blood. Thus, heinaugurated the campaign with a practical example. His inspiring lead was followed by themembers of the staff, who took their turn to make their contribution in this noble mission.Students of senior classes did not lag behind. I donated blood. I also motivated my friends andclassmates to donate blood for the noble cause. We felt proud and happy that 150 units of bloodwere collected. The organizers felt overwhelmed at the massive response of student community.Each donor was issued a certificate of having donated blood, in addition to an apple, two bananasand a glass of milk.

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1. Helping the Flood VictimsRains are usually over in Delhi by the end of August. But this year it rained continuously forfour days in the first week of September. This caused flash flood in Yamuna. It crossed thedanger mark. The plight of people living in the flood-affect areas was shocking. I had neverseen humans and animals huddled together in filthy shanties. As usual the governmentagencies were slow to react. As a responsible citizen I organised a taskforce of volunteers tohelp the unfortunate victims of the vagaries of nature. I also persuaded two NGOs to rise tothe occasion and render help to reduce the miserable plight of the hopless victims of flood whohad lost their homes and material possession. We distributed packets of milk, loaves of breadand bottles of drinking water. Fodder for animals was also arranged. I felt tired but I washappy to help the needy and relieve their sufferings.

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2. Demonstration by WomenWhile returning from school yesterday afternoon, I came across a group of women. Housewivesfrom all sections of society and some political activists had organised a demonstration to registertheir annoyance and protest against the recent hike in LPG and other petroleum products. Theycarried banners and placards with catchy slogans. Some of the women seemed overenthusiastic.They shouted vociferously. Their selfless devotion to a common cause stirred my innermostchords. I felt impressed by their zeal to attract the attention of the authorities towards thesufferings of the common man and their efforts to spread awareness among all the sections ofthe society. Instinctively, my friends and I joined the procession. As it was a very hot afternoon,the weather took its toll and some of the volunteers collapsed under sunstroke and dehydration.We rushed them to nearby hospitals but the march of the protesters went on. I wish I couldmake more meaningful contribution.

3. Chain-snatching IncidentLast Thursday on 9th April, 20XX, I was waiting for my school bus at Mayur Vihar bus stop. Itwas about 8.30 a.m. The office-goers had started pouring in. They formed queues for separatebus routes. Suddenly a motor cyclist came towards the shelter for passengers. The youngmanslowed down his motor cycle near a young lady. In a twinkle of an eye he snatched her necklaceand purse and rode away fast. The screams of the young lady attracted the attention of otherpersons standing there. They persuaded her to lodge a complaint at the near-by police station.Since the incident happened like a flash, people could not give an exact description of themotor cyclist. They pieced together their observations. I had scribbled the registration numberof the vehicle. Some gentleman had contacted the police. A police mobile van came. They sentwireless messages to all police stations and traffic control points. I felt happy to help thevictim.

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1. Picnic to Badkhal LakeIt was a bright sunny Sunday morning in November. We left for Badkhal Lake for a picnic in achartered bus along with our class-teacher. The journey took us half an hour. As soon as wecrossed the Delhi Border at Badarpur, cool November wind greeted us. When we reached thelawns near the lake, we found the place quite overcrowded. Children and youngsters had comein glittering and colourful dresses. We selected a shady corner and sat there. We decided to playsome amusing group games. Everyone had to entertain others at his turn. We all sang anddanced for hours together. Some of us could not resist the temptation of having a dip in the lake.Some others enjoyed boating under the supervision of the boating instructors. By 1 pm we felthungry. We enjoyed the food we had brought. After playing hide-and-seek for an hour we left theplace. It was indeed a great fun.

2. A Ghastly Train AccidentIt was about 2 p.m. last night when I fell down from the upper berth of the Super Fast Express.I was travelling from Delhi to Jammu. The violent jerk not only caused me to fall down but alsoroused me to the plight of other passengers. On coming out of the coach, I found that the trainhad rammed into a stationary goods train. The impact was severe that two bogies of the expresswere mounted atop the engine of the goods train. The lights at the Shahabad Railway Stationwere dim. Relief measures were slow. About 150 passengers trapped in the two bogies wereshouting for help. We needed ladders and ropes to go up and extricate them. The people of thetown rose to the occasion. They brought emergency lights, ropes and ladders. I joined the localyoung men in the relief measures. The stranded passengers felt thankful to us and cursed therailway staff. The severely injured persons were rushed to hospital.

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3. Commuters StrandedYesterday I had a harrowing time. I kept waiting at the bus-stop, but no bus arrived. As timepassed, the number of persons waiting for the buses increased. The bus-stop looked like a village-fair with disorderly crowd comprising school children, office goers, patients, old and sick personsas well as women. Later, I was shocked to learn that the bus-operators had gone on a flashstrike. Their action had brought transport to a standstill. Innocent and helpless persons like mewere stranded. No one cared for the plight of the stranded customers. Taxis and autos had afield day. There were not enough vehicles on the road. The Supreme Court had directed theDelhi Government to keep the city clean. So the diesel driven buses were banned. Only CNGdriven buses were allowed. The bus-operators claimed that this step would ruin them. Conversionto CNG mode was costly. Refuelling was time consuming as there were limited CNG supplydepots. They made a point but no one cared for the plight of the stranded commuters.

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1. Misery in Deluxe BusLast Monday proved to be nightmarish for me. I boarded a deluxe bus bound for Dehradun. Weleft Delhi in the morning and took an hour and a half to reach Meerut. There were road-blocksnear Shamli and an arrow-mark for diversion. The driver applied brakes. The bus stopped witha sudden jerk. We were anxious to know what had happened. For the next few minutes we werequite tense. Some miscreants engaged the driver in conversation and entered the bus. Theythreatened to shoot him if he did not take an approach road to wilderness. Meanwhile othermiscreants became active. They surrounded the passengers. I began to shiver as one of themput the cold muzzle of the gun to my temple. I parted with my watch, gold chain and purse. Acold sweat ran down my forehead. Other passengers passed through similar harrowing experience.Luckily, we escaped unhurt. I can never forget the miserable moments I had.

2. The Happiest Day of My LifeIt never rains, but it pours. Yesterday, I had the good fortune to enjoy a day full of cheerfulevents. Many cheerful events and incidents followed one another in quick succession. Cheerfulnews and messages brightened my mood and filled the whole family with happiness and joy. Themorning papers published the result of Civil Service Exams. My brother had secured fourthposition. I congratulated him. Then my friend Ashish rang me up. We went to school and receivedour result cards. Our Principal congratulated me on achieving A+ in three subjects. In theafternoon, a peon from fathers office delivered a brown envelope. It contained fathers promotionorders. Mother rushed to the family gods and bowed her head. For me and other children it wasan occasion to rejoice. I prayed to God to send us more such happy and blissful days.

3. Strange Logic for Honour-KillingYesterday I happened to attend a meeting of elders in the nearby village Kartarpur. The familyof a leading politician had called this panchayat or meeting of elders. The issue was to get theapproval of the village elders for the heinous act of murder of a girl and her lover. Speakersglorified the tragic happening as honour killing. The girl belonged to high caste. She had elopedwith a boy of lower caste and got married to him secretly. The villagers who still cling to age-oldtraditional caste system opposed it. The couple was chased, caught and brought to village andthen murdered in cold blood. Since most of the elders belonged to high-caste, all of them approvedof the honour-killing. I was horrified at their callous attitude. How could one glorify a heinousact? I shuddered to think of the cruelty meted out of them. As adults they had the freedom tolead their lives in their own way. But the feudal bent of mind opposed undue liberty. I wonderedwhen a progressive state will have liberal minded citizens.

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COMPOSITION (Article Writing)

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1. Need of Health Care Centres(by XYZ)

The government has launched many health care schemes for small-pox, tuberculosis, leprosyand HIV infections. The Pulse Polio campaign has been a resounding success. These efforts ofthe government are commendable but not sufficient. Recently, the city clinics reported the re-emergence of some infectious diseases like cholera, small pox, malaria, dengue, etc. Thesewere thought to be under control, but they have resurfaced. Cases of HIV infection havemultiplied. Hence there is urgent need of a health care centre in every locality. These centrescan check diseases by diagnosing them at early stages and providing effective cure. In short,health care centres are essential to ensure a disease-free nation.

2. Evils of Gender Discrimination(by Kushagra)

In our male-dominated society the girl child is considered inferior. The birth of a male child isan event for celebration while that of a female child is rued. The bias is more pronounced inrural areas. Daughters are not given good quality food. Milk, eggs, fruit, etc. are reserved forthe boys. Girls are sent to schools which have no claim to any quality education or facilities.On the other hand, boys are sent to the most exclusive public schools. After school thedaughters stay at home and assist in household work. The boys go out to meet friends, enjoymovies and shows or play games. It is the girls who face all types of restrictions. Thisdiscrimination is unjust and harmful. Ultimately it is the society that suffers. Girls too haveintelligence, talent and creativity. Indeed they have more sensibility, affection and love. Weshould end the evil discrimination against the girl child.

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1. A Harrowing Devastation(by XYZ)

It was 8.30 a.m. on the 26th January when I was having my breakfast. I had to attend thestate level function at 9 a.m. I was eager to cover the function for our paper The Times ofIndia. Suddenly, the flat started shaking violently. The clock fell down at 8.40 a.m. I lookedout of my fifth floor apartment. The building opposite was swaying. Suddenly it startedcollapsing. The ceiling fan and lamps in my room were also swaying violently. I heard a loudcrashing sound. I called my wife, picked up my baby and ran towards the door. The staircasewas already overcrowded. People were shouting. Children were crying. My son Rohit alsobegan to sob. My wife soothed him. The building was now rocking more violently. As wereached the ground floor I saw cracks in it. Somehow we managed to reach my car and droveaway. As I reached open space I saw dust and rubble all around. Ahmedabad had become adevastated area with lakhs of people trapped under the debris.

2. Joint FamilyA Boon to the Growing Child(by Shan)

In these days of nuclear families and disintegrating joint family system, it is indeed a marvelto enumerate the merits of joint family and label it as a boon to the growing child. Well, thetaste of the pudding lies in eating. I had had the good fortune of growing up under the caring,loving and experienced eyes of my grandparents. Both my parents being serving hands, hadpractically no time for me or my tiny brother Titu. The love and affection of grandma didn'tlet me feel the absence of mom. She related stories and grandpa regaled us with fun gamesand hand-made toys. As we grew up, they escorted us to the park and then to the nurseryschool in the neighbourhood.

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Some of my friends belonging to the nuclear families are not so fortunate. When they returnfrom school in the afternoon, they unlock their homes, warm their food in the microwave oven,watch TV or play computer games. Soon they get bored and feel lonely. Their only company isthe domestic maid who comes in the afternoon. There is no grandma or grandpa to help themwith their homework or relieve their stress and tension. A growing child needs a lot of caringand sharing. Only a joint family can provide proper environment for all-round growth ofpersonality and save the child from loneliness, boredom, conflicts and irritation.

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1. Harms of TV Viewing(by Neha)

At the outset, let me condemn the research which concludes that TV viewing is not harmfulto childrens eyes. It seems a biased view projected by some TV company. All of us are awareof the harms of TV viewing to children. Constant TV viewing is not only harmful to the eyesof the children, it also affects their minds. Gradually the fleeting words have such a fascinationfor the children that they can't concentrate on the static words printed on the pages of theirbooks. The attractive jingles and cartoons fascinate the imagination of the children. They sitglued to the TV set for hours together enjoying their favourite programmes. The result is thatthey lose interest in studies as they spend a good deal of time in front of TV. They becomecouch potatoes. They eat potato chips, burgers, pizza and other fast foods while watching TV.They get no time for taking exercise or playing. Thus, their physical development is severelyhampered. Last but not the least is the harmful culture of consumerism propagated by the TV.Most of the advertisements are targeted at children who force their parents to buy those productsfor them. Hence constant TV watching is harmful for developing children on all counts.

2. Pollution Control Drive(by Kajal/Kamal)

Residents of Shimla may feel surprised to read the caption. Well, the beautiful Capital ofHimachal Pradesh is no longer pollution free. We find fleet of cars, jeeps, trucks and otherautomobiles moving about freely and spewing out poisonous fumes. The chimneys of theindustries emit smoke which pollutes the air and the whole environment. The common mantoo contributes to the degeneration of the environment by making the roads dirty andlittering them with non-biodegradable material. A sheet of black seems to form over thehorizon and above our heads as the evening shades darken. Don't you think it is a wake upcall for all of us? Take action to control pollution or perish. The choice is yours.A pollution control drive should be launched by the government. Local bodies, student volunteersand NGOs can also be associated. General awareness against pollution should be initiatedfollowed by insistence on pollution free vehicle certificates. The third step is random checkingof vehicles and imposition of heavy fines on the offenders. It is hoped that a concerted effortwill surely bear fruit.

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1. Hazards of Polythene Bags(by Bhoomi)

Polythene bags are a potential threat to our environment. They have many adverse effectson human health and hygiene. Polythene bags are non-biodegradable. They do not dissolvein mud. Rather they clog the pores and do not allow earth to suck up water. Thus the fertilitypower of the earth is lost. New buds do not get a chance to come up. Greenery is hampered.They produce obnoxious gases when burnt. These gases cause serious diseases like bronchitis,eyesore, rashes, allergy, cancer etc. Heaps of discarded polythene bags present an ugly sight.They scatter with wind and choke the drains. Deadly germs breed in the pools of dirty water.

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Sewer system is choked. Stray animals eat them and their digestive systems get disturbed.We should create public awareness against these hazards. Anti-polythene campaigns shouldbe organised.

2. Attempt yourself.

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1. Disaster Management(by XYZ)

Our country is prone to disasters like floods, drought, cyclones or earthquakes. We do nothave any clear-cut policy of disaster management nor any force to tackle the situation. Ad-hocmeasures are adopted to cope with every disaster. We wait and watch for others to join thefray. There are heated arguments over jurisdictioncentre or state liability, official assessmentand surveys before any help is rushed out to the affected area. The slow response results inthe loss of precious human life and valuable property. We must have clear-cut, well definedguidelines for disaster management. A well-trained task-force having special equipment andtrained personnel should be constituted. Its controlling officer should have the authority totake decisions and ensure their speedy implementation. Better transport and communicationfacilities will ensure better results. Bureaucratic set-up should not be allowed to interferewith the work of the disaster-management group.

2. Bane of Communalism(by XYZ)

Communalism is a black spot on the fair name of secular India. The cancer of communalismis eating into the vitals of our nation. Every year we have communal riots and arsoning in onebig city or the other. Cities like Aligarh, Meerut, Moradabad, Kanpur and Ahmedabad havefrequent communal riots.The root cause of communalism is religious intolerance. It is fanned by religious fanatics whospread communal hatred in order to feather their own nest. These narrow-minded personssuffering from sectarian or communal prejudices lack a rational, scientific and democraticapproach. They harm the nation by crippling economy and hinder the development.Communalism has also been spread by self-seeking politicians. It is high time that theorganizations and the people who divide people in the name of religion and block the progressof secular, socialist and democratic India should be brought to book.

COMPOSITION (Speech Writing)

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1. Library WeekRespected Principal, Vice-Principal, teachers and friends!It gives me great pleasure to speak to you about the Library Week that our school has organisedfrom 2nd to 9th September this year. This week is slightly different from the others. Here wehave to shift the focus to mental attainment. The aim of celebrating this week is to inculcatereading habits among students. Reading, you know, makes a man perfect. So new arrivals inthe reference section such as encyclopaedia and dictionaries as well as general books will bedisplayed. National Book Trust and Oxford University Press are putting up an exhibition. Wehave invited Dr Kailash Vajpayee to inaugurate the exhibition. He will autograph the booksand interact with students. Other authors like Khushwant Singh and Ruskin Bond will alsopay us a visit. During the week, a quiz competition will be organised. The Reading sectionwill have more new magazines of teenagers interest.I appeal to all of you to spend as much free time in the library as you can.Thank you.

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2. Environmental Protection

Respected Principal, teachers and friends!Global warming has accelerated the rise of temperature on earth. The sea level is also risingand glaciers are melting away. Natural calamities are taking a toll of life on earth. Floodsand scanty rainfall result in a crunch of food products, drinking water and disturb normalliving conditions. The drought in Rajasthan has led to deaths and famine. Man is himself toblame for the deterioration of ecosystem. Depleting forests, industrial pollution, toxic-wastes,vehicular pollution, cutting of trees in cities, and lack of green cover are some of the contributoryfactors. The entire process of environmental pollution is becoming a vicious cycle. The urgentneed of the hour is to protect environment. School children have begun to create awarenessby compaigning against polythene bags and recycling waste material. Let us join hands toprotect our forests, grow more trees, check toxic pollutants and change our lifestyle.Thank you.

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1. Impact of Rise in Prices of Petroleum ProductsRespected Chairman and dear friends!The decision of the Central Government to hike the prices of Petroleum products has shockedall the consumers. The salaried classes and the middle-income group are the worst affected.As a common man, I resent this harsh decision of the government. The increase is not onlysudden but steep also.The common man is already reeling under the spiralling prices. The recent hike in the costof petroleum products will push the expenditure graph up by 30 to 40 per cent. The increasein the prices of diesel and petrol will not only increase the expenditure on ones own vehicle,but also increase the freight of goods and their initial cost will. The essential commodities willget dearer. Fares of buses, autos and taxis will have an upward swing. Shopkeepers willenhance the prices of even those articles which are produce locally. This sympathetic rise inprices of commodities will make it difficult to live within a fixed income. This escalation willmean cutting down the necessary expenditure by curbing some needs of the family.I urge the Finance Minister to reconsider the decision which is bound to hit hard millions ofworking classes and salaried people besides, creating a vicious circle of spiralling prices. It isearnestly hoped that my views will merit some consideration at the hands of the authorities.Thank you.

2. Pollution Caused by Fire-Crackers

Respected Principal, teachers and dear friends!Good Morning! Today I would like to talk about a subject that we all do know but scarcelypay any heed to it. On the days of festivals most of us burst fire crackers not realizing theamount of pollution they cause. Thus we are ourselves degrading the environment. Thebursting of fire crackers increases atmospheric pollution. The suspended particulate matterlike nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide are added up when a cracker is burst.The increase in atmospheric pollution gives rise to respiratory problems like asthma andbronchitis. The cases of heart-attacks and strokes multiply. The noise pollution created bybursting of crackers may cause deafness as well.We may enjoy the bright light and the sound of explosion for a few seconds, but we ignorethe permanent damage caused by bursting of crackers. We ourselves inhale the extremelyharmful particles as we ignite the crackers.Hence it becomes the duty of each one of us to keep our environment clean and refrain frombursting crackers. Let us put an end to this wasteful exercise of burning our hard-earned money.Thank you.

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COMPOSITION (Report Writing)

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1. Cinema Turns Inferno[An eyewitness account by Suruchi]

Yesterday a very devastating fire broke out in Uphar Cinema, New Delhi, taking a toll of 156lives. The show was running on when the fire started at about 2 p.m. in the afternoon. Onseeing the smoke and suffocation the firemen gave alarm but there was pitch dark in the hall.Audience started running one after the other for safety. More than 100 people got seriousinjuries. As the fire spread like a wild fire, the hall was completely burnt. Its roof fell flat witha crackling sound. More people could not be rescued by the fire brigade due to congestion inthe hall and the area. The police reached in time and registered a case of gas leakage in thecanteen. The canteen manager was arrested and taken into police custody. The city governmenthas initiated an inquiry into this heinous act.

2. Kidnapping Bid Foiled[XYZ, News Correspondent, The Express]

An attempt to kidnap an eight year old boy, Asim, was foiled by the timely intervention ofEast Delhi police on Friday. Asim was going to his teachers house in the Saraswati Vihar atabout 4.30 p.m. on Friday when he was whisked away by a red Maruti car. Many passers-by shut their eyes to the cruel, unjust and wicked act. But Munish Kumar, a young man notedthe van number and informed the Police Control Room. The police at once swung into actionand nabbed the kidnapper. The child was rescued and restored to his parents. The kidnapper,it was learnt, was a former employee of Asims father and wanted to kidnap him for ransom.He is now languishing in police custody. The courage, nobility and sense of responsibilitydisplayed by Munish Kumar is a fine example for others to emulate.

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1. Republic Day Honours[by Anshu]

This years Republic Day will ever be cherished as a red letter day by our school. On thishistoric occasion our school team had the good fortune to participate in the Republic Dayparade at Vijay Chowk in New Delhi. More than fifty teams representing different parts ofIndia displayed their varied, colourful and romantic items of songs, dances and aerobics.Their feats made people glued to their feet. The enthusiasm and cheerfulness of the participantswas beyond description. The celebrations were also a test of performance of the participatingteams. When the name of our school was announced as the best participating team, I feltoverjoyed. For a moment, disbelief overpowered me. Then I as contingent leader went forwardto receive the shield. I dedicated this award to our Principal and the Physical Instructor whohad provided us such an excellent training.

2. The Childrens Day[by Aditi]

The Childrens Day was celebrated in our school on November 14, this year. This day is thebirthday of our beloved Chacha Nehru. It is celebrated in schools all over the country. Thisyear it was celebrated in our school with great pomp and show. The Education Minister wasthe Chief Guest. A cultural programme was organised. Dances, songs and one-act plays werepresented. Students recited poems. In the morning, sports were held. A Bal Mela was alsoorganised in the afternoon. The students arranged the stalls there.

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Parents and other visitors went round the stalls. They liked the items prepared by studentsand praised their efforts. Tiny-tots were most elated. For them it was colourful fair. Theymoved about freely and enjoyed themselves. It was now afternoon. The Chief Guest awardedprizes to winners of sports, best stalls and cultural events. The function ended with thanksgiving ceremony.

COMPOSITION (Recounting of Personal Experience/Incident)

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1. Travelling Without a Ticket[Arun, XI A]

Last month I had to go to Delhi by train suddenly at a very short notice. It was an experiencewhich I do not wish to repeat ever. It caused me great embarrassment.I received a telephonic messsage that my friend had been seriously injured and was lying inR.M.L. Hospital, Delhi in a critical stage. I at once rushed to the Railway station. An expresstrain was just leaving for Delhi. In my anxiety to be beside my friend, I forgot that I hadntpurchased a ticket. The fact dawned on me as a ticket checker entered our compartment. Irelated the circumstances, but he wouldnt believe my story. Other passengers made funnyremarks and gestures at my discomfiture. I had to pay a hefty fine as well as fare fromAligarh, the last stop.The incident left a deep impression on my mind. It still haunts me when I sits alone. I shudderto think how unfeeling and apathetic human beings can be to the plight of others.

2. A Fight Between a Landlord and His Tenant[by Disha]

Quarrels between a landlord and his tenant are a common occurrence in Indian cities. YesterdayI witnessed a fight between a landlord and his tenant in our block. They were engaged in aheated argument. The landlord was asking the tenant for rent at enhanced rates, but thetenant consistently refused to yield to his demand for enhancement. He argued that the houselacked even essential facilities. From exchange of hot words, they soon turned to exchange ofblows. I reached there, neighbours and other also, flocked to the scene. All of us tried to pacifythem. Our intervention seemed to add fuel to the fire. Each tried to shout down the other.Then I and some other neighbours separated them and took them some distance apart. Ourconciliatory efforts seemed to bear fruit. Just then there was a barrage of taunts and abusesfrom inside the house. It seemed that the wives of the landlord and the tenant had nowjumped in the fray. This flared up the two gentlemen. From verbal exchanges, they came tophysical handling, blows, pulls and pushes. Meanwhile, a police van arrived and took themin custody on the charge of breach of peace. They reached a compromise at the police stationand were released on bail.

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1. Pleasant Experience [by XYZ]

Last Sunday I had to go to the railway station to receive a friend. On reaching the stationI learnt that the train was late. So I had enough time to enjoy the scene. The second classwaiting room was packed to its capacity. Some passengers were chatting in groups, others werelying on the floor. There were long queues before the booking windows. The enquiry clerkseemed very busy. The coolies were carrying luggage to the platform. The railway platformpresented an interesting, amusing and absorbing scene. The hawkers were having a good time.People were anxiously waiting for the train. The scene changed as soon as the train arrived.

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There was a lot of noise and confusion. Everyone was eager to get down. They were pushedback by those who wanted to get in. My friend waved to me. I helped him in moving downhis luggage. Soon the guard whistled and the train moved off. Now the platform lookeddeserted. I came out of the station with my friend.

2. How I Celebrated My Birthday[by XYZ]

My birthday falls on the 4th April. This year too it was a gala event. Grandpa had arrangeda havan. The priests offered religious worship to the family gods and prayed for my long life.At 6 in the evening I welcomed my friends and relatives at the Gaylords. They greeted mewith the words Many happy returns of the day! They also gave me birthday presents. AsI cut the cake all the invitees sang in a chorus: Happy birthday to you. I offered them piecesof cake. Then dainty dishes and tea were served. It was followed by a brief but entertainingcultural programme. We had a jolly good time. I thanked all my friends and relatives for theirkind visit and good wishes. Thus my birthday was celebrated in both the waystraditionalas well as modern. I sought the blessings of family gods and elders. I also enjoyed the funof dancing and singing with my peers. At the end of the day, I was dead tired. So I retiredto bed early. I had only one regretBirthday come only once a year.

LETTER WRITING (Admissions)

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1. C-176, Lajpat Nagar,New Delhi-11002425 March 20XXThe Administrative OfficerET & T Computer EducationMansarovar GardenNew DelhiSub: Information Regarding Computer Programming CourseSirApropos your advertisement in the Statesman, dated 23 March 20XX regarding a crash coursein computer programming, I solicit some information. I have just completed my 12th standardfrom CBSE, New Delhi and I am interested in doing a short-term computer programming coursein the evening session. Kindly supply me the following details:(a) Duration of short-term courses. (b) Other courses available.(c) Fees to be paidwhether payment in instalments is permitted.(d) Size of the class/group. (e) Availability of computer time.(f) Timings of classes and frequency.

I am sending a self-addressed envelope. Please despatch the requisite information at the earliest.Yours faithfullyAparna Ghose

2. ET & T Computer EducationMansarovar GardenNew Delhi2 April 20XXMs Aparna GhoseC-176, Lajpat NagarNew Delhi-110024

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Dear Ms GhoseSub: Computer Programming CourseI thank you for your letter dated 25 March 20XX and the interest you have shown in the crashcourse of computer programming. The point-wise reply to your queries is as under:(a) The short-term course is of six weeks duration.(b) Many other courses like web-designing, data processing etc. are available.(c) ` 1500 : in two instalments. (d) 10 per group. (e) 30 mts in a class of 3 hours.(f) Morning : 9 to 12, Evening : 3 to 6 on alternate days excluding Sunday.

Hoping to hear from you soon.

Yours faithfullyKrishna Kant(Administrative Officer)

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1. Format as shown earlier.Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the Hindu dated 18 March, 20XX regardingwaste water management courses. I am interested in the one year course. However, I needsome information and clarifications in this regard.Please inform me about the total fees and fee structure, supply of lessons, period for submissionof assignments and possible dates/period of personal contact programme. I would also like tobe enlightened about placement and job opportunities. I am enclosing a self-addressed envelopefor the brochure/prospectus.Hoping for an early response.

Yours faithfullyAnita Basu

2. Format as given earlier.SirI would like to join the special courses run by your organisation for the welfare of students whoare victims of examination stress. Kindly supply me the full details of the short term courses/classes scheduled during the summer vacation. I am keen to join a shorter group so that I canput forward my problem freely.In case there is some printed leaflet/brochure, please also supply it. Perhaps it will help someof my friends as well.

Yours faithfullySumit

LETTER WRITING (School IssuesComplaints)

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1. F-311, Ekta ColonyDelhi

15 October 20XX

The PrincipalEvergreen Senior Secondary SchoolDaryaganj, New Delhi

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SirSub: Lack of Clean ToiletsI want to draw your kind attention to one shortcoming in your otherwise good institution.I happened to go to one of the toilets for students after a school function. I attended this functionas the guardian of my younger brother. I was shocked to see the condition of the toilets. Therewas a foul stench all around. Yellow patches caused by urine were visible everywhere. Therewas no proper flushing and cleaning of the pots of the toilets. Some of them seemed to be blockedand caused overflow of filthy water. The walls bore ugly graffiti.Since toilet is an essential facility, proper cleanliness and maintenance is a must. I do hope youwill pay attention to this most essential problem.Thank youYours faithfullyKaran

2. A-14, Sun CityDelhi15 March 20XXThe PrincipalSummer Spring Girls SchoolVinod GardenDelhiMadamSub: Lack of Proper Arrangement of Clean Drinking WaterDuring a recent meeting of PTA, I happened to visit your school as the guardian of my youngersister. I was deeply impressed by the standard of cleanliness and discipline in your school. Onething, however, irked me most. It is the lack of proper arrangement of clean drinking water inthe school. Although summer has not yet begun, I found long queues of thirsty students in frontof the water coolers on the ground floor. I saw some students quenching their thirst from watertaps on the first and second floors.Supply of clean, germ-free water is an essential part of the facilities the school should offer. Isuggest that immediate steps should be taken to instal boosters to provide a running supply ofwater to the water coolers on the first and second floors.I hope you will take urgent steps in this regard.Yours faithfullyAaradhna

LETTER WRITING (School IssuesMaking Requests)

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1. The PrincipalChitra Senior Secondary SchoolPandav PuramDelhi10 September 20XXRespected SirSub: Playground Facility

With due regards I would like to bring to your kind notice towards our difficulties and feelings.We all know that we have no playground in our school, but we have a bunch of students who are

27GNITIRW

very good hockey players. Due to non-availability of playground all the players cannot practiseas a team. The interzonal school tournaments are to commence within a fortnight. As the captainof our school hockey team, I feel morally bound that our players have proper co-ordination andplay as a team and not as a bunch of players grouped together.For this purpose, we need playground facilities. I, therefore, earnestly request you to arrangeplayground facilities from a neighbouring school in the morning/evening for an hour or two sothat we may practise together under the guidance of our coach.I hope to have a favourable consideration.Yours obedientlyAnkit Patel

2. Examination Hall................... Centre

8 January 20XX

The PrincipalABC Sr. Sec. SchoolXYZ CitySirSub: Extra Classes in MathsThe other day we were admonished about poor performance in Maths in the Pre-BoardExamination. We have tried to search our souls, rack our brains and find out the fault.The reason is quite obvions. Our Maths lecturer retired in August and stop-gap arrangementswere made for three months by appointing temporary hands. Only last month we were able toget the guidance from an expert and competent teacher like Mr. B.M. Garg. However, a lot ofour course remains uncovered and proper justice cannot be done to it in the regular periods only.Moreover, we have to make up our deficiency. Drill, revision and classroom tests also requirecertain periods. In view of the paucity of time available to us between now and the commencementof board examination, it is requested that some extra classes before/after school hours be arrangedin Maths for XI and XII classes.I hope that the request of the students will be acceded to without any delay.Yours obedientlyRajani WaliaHead Girl

LETTER WRITING (School IssuesSuggesting Improvements)

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1. 37, PitampuraNew Delhi

25 March 20XX

The PrincipalBrilliant Public SchoolBrahmapuriNew Delhi-58SirSub: Improvements in School LibraryDuring my visit to your school in connection with P.T.A. meeting, I happened to go to the library.I would like to draw your attention to the malfunctioning of the library. I sincerely feel that itcan prove more useful to the students if a few steps are taken to tone it up.

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I was shocked at the disorderliness in the library. Books were lying in heaps and were notrestored to the proper shelves. No wonder the book which the library has is reported to be non-available by the library staff. The lack of cooperation from the library staff makes the situationworse. You may take steps to make them alert and willing workers. The shortage/non-availabilityof books, if any, may be made up by buying more copies of the volumes more in demand. The oldand broken tables and chairs may be got repaired if not replaced.I hope that during our next meeting we shall find the library cosy, spick and span.

Yours faithfullySonam Saxena

2. 58, Alipur RoadNew Delhi-110008

27 October 20XX

The PrincipalCentral SchoolRoop NagarDelhi-110007

SirSub: Beautification of School PremisesIt is a matter of pride for all of us that our school ranks very high in Delhi both in academic andco-curricular fields. Every year the school students figure among the top ten in various boardresults and win distinction for school in sports, science exhibitions and republic day participations.It is all due to your patronage, guidance and the hard labour and keen interest evinced by thestaff and students.However, I would like to mention one thing that leaves a bad impression on the mind of the visitors.The school premises needs a face-lift. I am offering some concrete suggestions in this regard.The school lawn is in wilderness. The flower beds are neglected and the grass is unmown. Eitherthe school gardener is unmindful of his duty or he has been assigned some other job. The schoollibrary must be spruced up as its ugly looks are an eyesore. Its bare inner walls can be mademore beautiful by displaying pictures of renowned scholars and writers. Some quotable quoteshere and there can add to the beauty.I earnestly hope you will give due consideration to my suggestions.

Yours obedientlyAmit Mehra

LETTER WRITING (Requirements/Suitability of Courses)

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1. MB-195Near Jain MandirKailash NagarDelhi

18 March 20XX

The PrincipalXYZ SchoolDelhiSirSub: Introduction of Biology

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As a former student of the school, I request you to introduce Biology as one of the subjects in ourschool in senior secondary classes. Our school has excellent facilities for physics and chemistry,but there is no provision for the learning of Biology.Biology is a very important subject for the students who have to seek admission in MBBS course.Since we do not have this particular subject in the senior secondary classes, our students willalways have a major drawback if they want to compete for the Entrance Test leading to admissionin MBBS course. Private coaching is no substitute for regular classes. In the present competitionoriented times, where professionalism is the order of the day, it becomes imperative to havethorough knowledge in the field where ones interest lies.If the subject of Biology is introduced in our school, it will prevent unnecessary inconvenience tostudents who have to migrate to other schools after passing the tenth standard for want of theirdesired subject.I am optimistic to hear a positive response in this matter from you at the earliest.Yours sincerelyLokesh

2. The PrincipalSarvodaya Academy Sr. Sec. SchoolVikas Nagar, Delhi20 July 20XXSirSub: Facility of Learning ComputersAs the head boy of school, I would like to put before you a genuine need of the students. Our schoolis one of the leading schools in the state and famous for its academic excellence. We students,however, feel handicapped in one respect only. Our school is lacking in facility of computer education.The need of computer education is felt nowadays by everyone. We know that the modern age ismoving fast. The frontiers of knowledge are spreading fast and unfolding something new everymoment. To cope with the inflow of scientific and technical data, knowledge of computers is amust. The computers play a vital role in banks, business houses, railways, airlines, sciencelaboratories and research centres. Without effective training in computer learning, the studentswill not be equipped to cope with the problems they are likely to face in the forthcoming career.If we have to compete with other countries in the field of science and technology, the knowledgeof computers must be imparted at an early age.Keeping in view the facts stated above, I request you to arrange computer learning facility inour school at the earliest.Hope to have a favourable consideration.Yours obedientlyRajat Mittal

LETTER WRITING (Letters to the Editor)

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1. H.No. 101Sector 22Chandigarh9 June 20XXThe EditorThe TribuneChandigarh

30 RO EE N G L S CI XIH

SirSub: Increasing Pollution and UncleanlinessChandigarh is known as the City Beautiful and we are rightly proud of being privilegedcitizens of this modern city. Of late, however, some disturbing trends have been noticed. Thevolume of vehicular traffic has spurted manifold. Many factories have sprung up in the vicinityof the city. The smoke emitted by the chimneys of these factories or spewn out by the fastplying vehicles have made the lives of citizens miserable. Pollution has increased to intolerablelimits. The heaps of garbage and unclean roads compound the problem.Some voluntary organizations have organized cleanliness campaigns in Sector 7 and 14 andare creating social awareness by educating the masses against the dangers of pollution.Kindly publish this letter with your editorial comments to make the citizens aware of thesedrawbacks. I do hope that the people of Chandigarh will cooperate to keep their city clean.Yours trulyAnjali

2. Format as given earlier.SirSub: Frequent Digging-up of RoadsI want to highlight the problems faced by the residents of Sector 19, Noida due to the frequentdigging-up of roads by various departments, such as electricity, water supply, sewage,telephones etc. It seems that there is no co-ordination between these departments and thePWD. We have to put up with traffic diversions almost every fortnight. Great inconvenienceis caused by the unfilled up pits and dust rising from the unsettled earth. The dug-roadsremain unrepaired and cause traffic hazards as well as accidents.We have written to the Development Authority many times, but our repeated efforts havefailed to bear any fruit. Even today the roads are lying in a dug-up state.I hope the publication of the letter in your newspaper will draw the attention of the authoritiesto our plight and motivate them to expedite the repair work.Yours trulyVibhu Mehra

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1. 27, B BlockVikaspuri, Delhi-1100678 March 20XXThe EditorThe Indian ExpressBahadur Shah Zafar MargNew Delhi-110002SirSub: Water Shortage in VikaspuriThrough the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to bring to the notice of theauthorities concerned the acute water shortage prevailing in Vikaspuri and adjoining areas ofWest Delhi.Even before the onset of summer our taps have run dry. Water trickles for an hour in themorning. The supply is insufficient to meet the demands of drinking water and for use inkitchen. We have to depend on the supply from the tankers or hand pumps for bathing andwashing purposes. This weekend the water-supply went berserk and did not oblige us with adrop of water for over thirty-six hours at a stretch. What a terrible waterless weekend it was!

31GNITIRW

The situation is likely to worsen as the summer is round the corner. The municipal authoritiesshould evolve some permanent solution to the recurring problem. Providing water throughwater-tankers is a stop-gap arrangement. It is true that it is a sincere effort to relieve thesituation, but it is no solution. Recently, we have seen the efforts made by the residents ofSouth Delhi to conserve rain water. If the system is practicable there, we too can adopt it. Aslight modification of house-roofs, drainage and storage-wells/pits will be needed. This watercan be used to recharge the underground water which can augment the local water supplyduring the lean months.I hope your readers will offer constructive suggestions regarding water saving measures andinitiatives which the common people can take. The government and local authorities can helpby lending expert advice, checking leakage of water and educating people about the need toconserve water.Yours trulySatish Kumar

2. D-2, Green Park, New Delhi7 March 20XXThe EditorThe Hindustan TimesNew DelhiSirSub: Atrocities on WomenThrough the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to draw the attention of theauthorities towards the steady increase in the atrocities on women.It is a matter of shame that inspite of constitutional safeguards and provision of equality ofsexes, the condition of women is going from bad to worse even after 50 years of theimplementation of the Constitution. The gender bias is predominant in all areashome,school, office, factories, buses or trains. Women suffer discrimination and humiliationeverywhere. The government enacts laws to provide social equality, but women becomevictims of social discrimination and physical assaults. Cases of dowry deaths, molestation,rapes and eve-teasing are steadily increasing. The legal process still relies on evidence andwitnesses. The offenders commit crimes, threaten the victims/eyewitness and go scot-free inthe absence of any incriminating material or circumstantial evidence against them.It is high time, the government adopted preventive steps. Let the onus lie on the offender toprove his innocence and not on the victim. Creation of Awareness Cells, Local VigilanceCommittees and Mobile Magistrates can help and check the problem to some extent.Yours trulyRoma

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1. Format as shown earlier.Sir

Sub: Shortage & Erratic Supply of Electricity in Ambedkar Nagar

Through the columns of your esteemed paper I want to draw the attention of BSES about theshortage and erratic electric supply in Ambedkar Nagar.Power cut has become almost a regular feature and electric supply comes to a halt during theodd hours. Very often it is too dim to see anything and thereby people get a lot of inconvenience.This causes a great loss to shopkeepers, students and housewives because all their workstops. This gives a good chance for the thieves to earn a good booty. The students are the

32 RO EE N G L S CI XIH

worst hit. You know that these are the examination days and the students need electricityrather than black out or shortage of light.Our repeated representation to BSES authorities have failed to yield the desirable results.Perhaps your intervention may relieve us from the menace and the authorities will regularisethe supply.I hope that quick and effective steps will be taken.Yours trulyKrishna

2. Format as shown earlier.Sir

Sub: Children-targeted Marketing

I wish to draw the attention of the authorities in general and the parents in particular, towardscertain malpractices carried on by the media in their advertisements. The manufacturersapprove of these ads as they boost the sales of their products.Most of these ads have a mother and a child or two young children. The product is praisedand its virtues extolled. The child or children in the ad seems to offer a suggestion to his/herpeersit is good for me/us; why dont you try it? Thus, children become targets or prospectivebuyers. This trend may be fashionably termed as market strategy or customer management,but it is certainly a malpractice. It exploits parents love for their children. They cant refusethe demands of their child whether it is proper or improper. This new consumer-culture isdoing more harm than good to the society.Will the concerned authorities pay attention to this malpractice and punish the errant adagencies?

Yours faithfullyAakriti

33RAMMARG

DETERMINERS (Types I-III)

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1. (a) Many of the people who went there lost their belongings.(b) Avoid eating too much butter.(c) Sarojini wrote many of her poems when she was young.(d) All of their efforts went up in smoke.(e) The whole of the playground was waterlogged.(f) Neither of us knew the answer.(g) Almost all of her time is spent on buying clothes and cosmetics.(h) Every person has to shape his own destiny.(i) Dont pay any attention to what that silly hag says.(j) Everyone takes a little time to settle down at a new place.(k) I phoned her many times but everytime there was no answer.(l) The whole town was under enemy occupation.

2. (a) My brother goes to school every morning.(b) My mother went to the temple to see the priest.(c) The wounded boy was rushed to hospital.(d) She will come on Sunday at tea time.(e) I will make some fresh coffee for you.(f) Every student was given a certificate.(g) I dont have any problem.(h) There is not much milk left in the milkpot.(i) None of the news was cheefrul.(j) She has got little money.(k) Give me some money.(l) She has a lot of problems in life.

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1. (a) an the (b) any some (c) that this (d) some any(e) a an (f) mine my (g) all whole (h) few a few

2. (a) each every (b) his her (c) a the (d) an the(e) the a (f) all every (g) a the (h) much many

3. (a) with a single (b) writing each paragraph(c) When the author (d) about some thing(e) the next paragraph (f) the two paragraphs(g) about an idea (h) around that idea

4. (a) developed an extremely (b) but the rules(c) had little influence (d) Indeed some of(e) enter the banquet (f) use a sword(g) to the way (h) of the average

GRAMMARSECTION

C

34 RO EE N G L S CI XIH

WORKSHEET67

1. (a) It rained each day last week.(b) I have a few friends in this city.(c) All these mangoes are ripe.(d) She can write with either hand.(e) There is much sugar in the stock.(f) Both the sisters refused to marry.(g) Is there any news?(h) There is some milk in the jug.(i) How much money do you want?(j) How many boys are there in your class?

2. (a) I have hardly any money.(b) Some parents are really good.(c) An apple a day keeps the doctor away.(d) Ive already spent the little money I had.(e) Much work is yet to be done.(f) It was a really beautiful house.(g) These roads were repaired last year.(h) Everybody worships the rising sun.(i) How much experience have you got?(j) Will you show me some latest books?

TENSES (Types I-III)

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1. (a) I like it very much.(b) She knows you very well.(c) Mohit sees the bus coming.(d) It is raining now, we cant go out.(e) Water vapour condenses to form clouds.(f) Madhu always writes beautiful poems.(g) The moon goes round the earth.(h) These students are preparing for their exams, these days.(i) Why are you working so hard today?(j) My uncle arrived from Mumbai last night.(k) Ravi owns two cars.(l) Reena is reading at this moment.

2. (a) I understand the poem now.(b) The rose always smells sweet.(c) As you sow, so shall you reap.(d) The sun always rises in the east.(e) Two and two make four.(f) When will you come to see us tomorrow?(g) Rohit has been working in this firm for ten years.

35RAMMARG

(h) If you go to Ludhiana, buy a good shawl for me.(i) Madhuri has been solving sums since morning.(j) Monu finished her project last night.(k) We used to go to Ooty every summer.(l) Where did you get this pen from?

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1. (a) marry married (b) have had (c) was drink drank (d) begin began(e) go went (f) vexing vexed (g) retort retorted (h) exalt exalted

2. (a) waited waiting (b) stand standing (c) had was (d) looks looked(e) seeing saw (f) heard hear

3. (a) reasons are various (b) plants has been(c) he tries to (d) He adopts various(e) have evolved the (f) can be developed(g) has proved to be (h) technique involves a

4. (a) she saw that (b) friends had gathered(c) she had brought (d) cousin had posted(e) had decided to (f) she had prepared(g) everyone enjoyed and (h) everyone looked happy

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1. (a) He seldom goes to the theatre.(b) I have never seen a penguin.(c) He did not come here yesterday.(d) My mother has just gone out.(e) Cuckoos dont build nests.(f) It rained heavily last night.(g) He knows several persons here.(h) I wish I had listened to my parents advice.(i) If he comes I will give him your message.(j) Whenever his wife entered the room, he stood up.

OrHe stood up whenever his wife entered the room.

2. (a) When I went to see him yesterday he was sleeping.(b) He had worked in this school for three years before he left.(c) Ram would beat the thief if he caught him.(d) We are having very cold weather at present.(e) He told me that you visited the exhibition last week.(f) The thief had run away before the police came there.(g) The patient had died before the doctor came.(h) My uncle usually sends me books.(i) I will finish this book by tomorrow evening.(j) They had been watching television in the hall for two hours.

36 RO EE N G L S CI XIH

CLAUSES (Types I-III)

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1. (a) The