some advices to write a good paper

8/13/2019 Some Advices to Write a Good Paper

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First advice: writing paper is like intubation. If you read 100 books aboutintubation, this does not means that you can intubate. Intubation is try anderror, but reading books will tell the basics and some tips. The same forwriting papers, you must do it and fail but ne t try !in shaa "llah# you willsucceed. In the following pages, I will mention some tips for good writing.

1# $hy do we write a paper% &f course for tar'ya but !for seek of "llah#you can add to that the intension to spread since.

'# Is good writing is important% (nfortunately, good writing is moreimportant than the scientific content. I know a talented writer. )e publisheda faked study in "nesthesiology. )owever, I don*t know how he will answer

"llah +uestion of spreading faked since.

# $hen should you start writing% &nce you have an idea, write it dawn. Itis like a music tune- write it down before you forget it forever.

# $hat is the goal of the study !why do we do a study#% The study startswith a problem facing you. The goal of the study is either to prove e istenceof this problem, to e plain why this problem happens, to assess how bigthe problem is, or to solve this problem.

e.g I may study the incidence of / /) after spinal anesthesia in obstetricpatients, you may study the effect of different needle types on the incidenceof / /), other may study the effectiveness spinal catheter to treat the/ /), .ect

The goal of the study must be clear in your mind and in your manuscript. Ifyou evaluate many parameters, you have to identify which one is the maingoal !which is also called primary outcome# while other measuredparameters are called secondary outcomes. The primary outcome will beused to calculate the sample si2e. "ll the paper !introduction, method,


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result and discussion# will circulate around the primary outcome. Theconclusion include only !or mainly# the primary outcome.

eg. If you study the effect of adding de ametha2one to ropivacaine for

femoral block, you may evaluate many parameters as block success rate,onset, duration and safety !nerve in3ury#. 4ou must identify which one ofthese parameters is your primary outcome. If you chose the safety as aprimary outcome, your sample si2e must be hundreds or thousands. If youchose the success rate as a primary outcome, the sample si2e will beabout 0, but in this case, your conclusion will be about the success ratebut you cannot comment on the safety.

General writing tips .

5 The priority is always to be clear. (se simple words. Form simple shortsentence. (se the least number of words to give the e act idea.

5 compare the following ' sentences:

a# the needle tip was withdrawed and then reintroduced superficialand deep to the nerve in order to place the 6" accurately all around7

b# the needle tip was repositioned to achieve ade+uate 6" spread 7

5 on*t use comple sentence. $hen you revise your manuscript, if you finda comple sentence, break it into ' or simple sentences.

58ach sentence must give /


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and write as following 9the gene of the ' chromosome is fatal inaucasian but it is rarely present7

5"fter reading you manuscript many times, you cannot detect mistakes any

more. ;o give it to a friend to read it to detect any mistake.5 parts : a# ;tudy design !appears within themethod but is the most important# b#The introduction where you indentifythe goal of your study. c# The method: is what to you did to solve thisproblem d# The results: your findings e# discussion is what does this findingmean and f# the abstract where you summari2e all the above parts.

># $hich part should be written first % "lways starts with the method !which

based on the design#. Then write the discussion !collect results of previousstudies in paragraphs#. Then write the result. Then read3ust the discussion!to fit your result#. Then write the introduction and lastly write the abstract.

Study design: wrong design makes it is impossible to publish a paper.Take care ethical issues may causes re3ection of the study. eg you cannotcompare the effect of 2ofran !on /&?@ after middle ear surgery# versusplacebo. This is totally unethical, because the control group must receive atreatment !for e ample primpran#. The same, you cannot study theanalgesic effect of epidural versus placebo. "lso, you cannot test the effectof in3ecting drug !eg 2ofran# intrathecally without a pervious studyvalidates its safety !at least on animals#.

The method of randomi2ation, blinding, steps of the study, assessmentmust be clear in your mind !before you start the study#


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alculate the sample si2e in each group before the study

In our university most of the studies are controlled randomi2ed double blindstudy. In these studies we usually compare effect of cretin drug !or

techni+ue# versus other drug or placebo. 8 cept the tested drug, allpatients in all groups must receive 7201 141:C8@5


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Method

In the method, you describe e actly what you did !as if you are e plainingto ine perienced physician how to repeat your work#

First paragraph include: ethical statement !committee approval and pateintconsent# inclusion and e clusion criteria. sample si2e, randomi2ationmethod, groups names

;econd paragraph contains: steps performed in order, the used drugBconcentration, volume, dose, timing, manufacture C, the used e+uipment.what was the treatment received in each group%, ..ect

?.Ab non related issues must be mentioned but in berif !for e ample if you

study the effect of femoral block after TDE performed under


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(sually you get many findings. These findings should be mentioned!arranged# chronologically or according to its importance !the most

important of curse is the primary outcome#4ou can present your result using te ts, figures or tables. (se the easiestand more reprehensive one. Aut in the te t don*t repeat the findings shownin the figures or tables

?.A negative findings are some times more important than positive finding,because negative finding will make us stop doing things that we though itwill improve outcome. For e ample, you study the effect of adding fentanylto 6" in femoral block and you find there no difference in success rate. Thisis so important as this result tell everyone don*t do this mi ture again.

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It usually starts with the result of the primary outcome.

In discussion, you describe the mean of your results and its implications.

4ou should mention result of previous studies that similar to yours

4ou should also mention the studies that contradict your results. Then try toe plain why this contradict occurs. To e plain this contradicts, read themethod of these studies. "ny difference between their method yours maybe a cause for the contradict. For e ample you use ropivacaine for sciaticnerve and your success was G0 H but in pervious study it was 0H. 6ookto previous study method to find the difference. The difference may be:5!you study young pt but the other studied old#, block techni+ue !you usedlabat but they used ansor#, locali2ation method ! you use ultrasound butthey used nerve stimulation#, in3ection end point !you in3ect with current J0. m" but they in3ect with current J0.=m"#, ..etc.

Take care all dissection must be built on your finding. on*t discuss something you didn*t evaluate.


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8very sentence in the discussion !and introduction# must be based onclinical evidence. This evidence may be in your results, or previous studies!mention the reference of that study#

(nder rare condition, you can tell your own opinion !without reference# inthis case, this sentence must contain a probability verb as 9 H2CIJ 7

eg. The sciatic block failed in cases !in spite of being performed underultrasound guidance#. This failure 02C be related to

(nless it*s a holy book, no manuscript is 100H perfect. ;o in the lastparagraph of the discussion, you must comment of the pitfalls andlimitations of your study. 8 plain why pitfalls occurs !this will e tremelyprotect you ! KLMNOPQ RS UV WX YZ[\N]L^Z #.

These pitfalls must be unavoidable !avoidable pitfalls mean studyre3ection#. (navoidable pitfall may be 9*this study should be double blindhowever due lack of enough personal it was non5blind7 other limitation maybe 9most of the studied patients have small A I and this may limitapplication of our results in obese patients, .etc .

K/


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some advices to write a good paper

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