sophist paper

7/28/2019 Sophist Paper

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7 Argmn or rAliy o

CAng And CAngln inPlAo SophiSt(24872495)

Vasls pls

1. IntroductionP pc, b , -.1T bc P cc ccz b - c bw c , pc c ,

wc pc b,2 c , cbjc -pcp, wc , pp bng ntng at all, nly n vrtu bng apprpratly rlat t anpnnt n t prct bng.3 hwvr, n a algu ar t v q, W ? q, W b? w wc, pp, k c w y d d -v y. T u Sohis(2487249d5) w, w utat prc t n t algu, u up n t cnclun tat anycangng tng (), an lkw any cangl tng (,, .4 T c b b cc buany dany , d u-

, v, ccp w .

w J mvck gw ow, l Bw cn a tr-nntv ntrprtatn t argunt, uc tat tup -uv y.5 o d, ub ,c dv r, C, mc , v p.6 i , wv, cc bw w p wc v c pc

unrtanng Plat a nt bn prprly caractrz, uc l. m pp w, , cc bw w pp p , -v d d p, dpd w w d


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Vasls pls

p, , 24882491; c, cc p c p b -abl ubt, an tat Plat rulatn t cnclun (249c104),

wc p b pv , c -v .

B w cc, i w b vw w q W ? q k ; b - , vw w qq k ; b -vy, vw qu b wd wu k k y b wd

w q w .

W w d , w u ddd, c , w , w

pv 2465247c8, c -y. T qu w u w d cc bw ,, -v -v p-) , y, p d p, wc i .

T argunt ntruc by t qutn, wat tng ul wud p b? ( , 24872492), d w w p dpd w w d p, .7 o , cp b -cvb, d w y ud d. d wy,

w wll tat t pra rqur a tr-nntv ntrprtatn tu. Bu w d y b pb, d d pub, u p p b

p b.8

T vuy ukb upp, py , b w y ccc p P,Reublc5.47734, w :w cp cp kwb w w v w kwb.9 p v c , c, ,

w wc w, .. ; w wc c b b b , 4776,

wc, , c c bjc -pcp k p w . W w c q p .

T u P u, y p, tng, an nt jut t cangl r, blng t cplt bng (


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te argumen fr e realy f cange and cangelessness n plas p

. B w, -v p, v xc c c ppd ,10 d p P dd k c c , sme c, ju u , p b d b pp . T, w w , pp cc w cc 249c104, wc b any c c . o b p, c c pc . W w b p- c kv??? , c , c pc wc cpc kw . T cz , c,

, cz . i c bcb cv c kw k c c vy) d p qu kwd kd ( pc. wv, w p v b w . i w c c b c p b c. , 2494, pcv w d d - y ( -v p-

? o w c c budd p b d upp (. ), d y cqc b c b p?

o p cqc , -vp, P y juby v b udsome (y, u) b udany ( , bd cc 249c104 pp p k

t v. on t tr ntrprtatn, n t tr an, Plat , c jb, k c v, w c, c , c d , w p b d upp ud u d pu . u u- 249c104 bany k c c c. , as manyngsas c [as manyhings as] , 249d34), bu w w bu u y p u d ,

w c , b pv , w c - .

T cc btwn t tr an t tr-nntv ntrprtatn t argunt cntral prtanc r unrtanng Plat. Plat


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Vasls pls

n a tr ntlgy n algu wrttn, vn n a t cnrva-v , b b Ss. w c b cc

w -v p c wgratt kn ( ), cang an cangln? it llw r -v p P c jc c k w q, W ?, qu k y w cb p c k c bw y, u y b qud , qud w qu, W ?11 Bu wd w v p pb. W pp P c bw w pc

q w q, W ?

2. ext, translation, basic structure[1] 2487

leatic tranger. hv ! A w y b y pudd c, , c p cp b, v b , , w c?

heaetetus. T w c b b .s. B w , v ?ht. o c .s. B w b p , w ?ht. w w v ?s. B w , , , c w , , c?ht. T b .

s. B w ckw b wc c kwc.ht. C.s. , T, c, c w b .12

ht. xc.

[2] 249b8

s. Bu , d, w d v d ,, d , , w w b xud vy .ht. w ?s. d k w c c v b c c pc?


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ht. n .es. But wtut t, can yu ak ut tat tr uc a tng a ranw, c v b?ht. n .

s. A w pp w c p w y wy y bu y w d wy w kwd,c .ht. m .

[3] 249c10

s. w, pp, pp, , wp v , ccp, o , c,

kw w k b c ,, k c b b, c b y d y ,b .ht. Pc .

T bac tructur t argunt clar nug. rt ([1] 2487249b7) ud ( ) d () cc qc, .

T , , c ; , () ; d d , u () d ud () ; d, y, , c c .

Tn ([2] 249b8c9) t argu tat cangl tng ( , c kw . T c kw, c ,, w w bcpb ; b c b c kwd, d u d c pc .

[3] 249c105, cc, wc b cp, pc, tng a ar cangl an a any tng a ar cangng ( , b . i pc bc a??? (a any tng a), tr can b n ubt tat t cnclun abut any cangl an cangng tng.13 hwvr, t , a w wll

, partcularly prtant t brv tat t ln (249c104) art cnclun nt nly t argunt agant t rn t r(24872495), but al t arlr argunt agant t atralt(2465247c8). in t cnclun ntn nt nly t rn


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Vasls pls

, b w c P; bw.

3. Te background (245e6248e6)T c c 24872495cc x w-p c w cpp p b w 24562495. o ,tr t ptn t atralt, wc art tat all an nly 2468b3. T, , p c , a atral tng, t a cangng tng. (But nt t cnvr. r t wll u , bu, vw

, . o ,tr ar t w blv tat all an nly cangl tng ar ral246b6c4. T p, , c, , -d d ( , 24845), w d y puy u b. dd pp ju d p (246b64).hwvr, t rg at t n t argunt (249c111) tat Plat

w c ,

w ar vntly pluralt atralt, but al nt atralt,c P.14 T p c bw wup , w, puby, Pd d wk c , w c b c. ,246b8, , 24811 b pc bcc. , 246c12. pc pp b ??? 246c2;

al 2482 an 2) t cangng, atral tng; ratr ty rr tuc tng gnrcally a bcng (, 246c1, 248a7, 10, 12, b7).T w w p c- bw w p. 24878, .. w w ppd b bv d bw.i p bv bw p ccz p 246b7, c. 2468. i b ,wv, ju w y d w z d bw b bc, w w c bw b -b, b, , c bw b w qc- u, , d p b d qud b. pyu u c b bw , 2464, c


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. B p c b b bu , , , d, , c .15

T u y d (2487249d5)cc pjc. W w w cc 249c105 ddd p, .. d b up -, u ddd ju up , d . b p ddd bc b w c- p vw Bw1998). T u dud by , w p T pc p vw. B bc pp P c c w -c

. w w p caractrz n tr tat clly rbl t caractrzatn t -c , c, Pv c v . w p b x vw c d kwd , pp p p P w p. W -c

x p q.

W ud u d (24872495 ccp cc v cc b ralty t kn. r t tw kn, cang an cangln, ark p w w p c p q w v c ara b b -b p 264. i w ,

k , w c, , b , , c, k, c / . T w k, -c, c bc c k, b,cang, an cangln, ntcal wt tl an rnt r t. i, k, c, cv v

ara b -b. i , , x w u d py pv wq b -b Ss23664.

Tr a trkng ytry abut t vrall tratgy: n t battlbw d d py xud b w pyc, p c p c w

p c. wv, w k w pp


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Vasls pls

b pc. i pp b pc, b p c b pc c c, , w c pc , b p c b

py ud, , w c pc . v, P tat atralt an atralt ul b rcncl an unt, pc . i , wv, c w . T yy d y b wk, p kd,u pudd udsome kd , w pu hem, d d p csme c , w c

pu hem, bu wu py b pudd ud py c k c, c an t kn cang, tat t tr party nclu. Tr wll tll b b v , w b , c v, c p p c w pc: c c c ..sme c sme k c, c c c ..sme c

sme k c.T u wtr Plat ntn prct ytry partcular

pc c c(24872495a). Brwn (1998, 2023), n partcular, appal t prct pp -v p . pc q -v p-tn, uc tat t argunt n a tr-nntv ntlgy, wraa tr ntrprtatn, uc tat t argunt n a tr ntlgy,

p pc b cv. , w bv cv b p c c pc cmlee b , erfecb pp . c pc j wy k k up w . A d p, , pck pc , w pc p -vp u , pu, d pudd c c pc cmlee b , , all-nclusve b.

B c bc pb pp pc .T atralt ny tat tr ar any cangl tng, an t np , P w,


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c . c b w bk , w p pcytry Plat a. ar, tr wul b n prbl n uppng

pc . T pb, wv, , w p , c , b c b by p b. T vy d pc b P : pul xclu r bng prcly wat t tr party nclu. T bc pb pp P b b , p w ,

c . T pb w vv lnt n a tr-l ntlgy wt lnt n a tr ntlgy, an t c w c c p. B

pb v w pp pc P d yy u p d uppd b c v.

it ay b tugt tat t argunt agant t atralt (2465247c8 pp pc , wc q -v

p . b w p c b

prcly wat t rn t r nclu, tat , cangl r.Bu p uv. W puddt nclu ar tng uc a jutc an njutc an ntllgnc an tc; v cc vb b , , . p c - qu b. Bu w w y

p c . A , c q c q, pp b pc w -ppb d qu uppd w b pan t pn n t. T t try r wt wc w ar du u phaedo d Reublic, d p pp b . B p c b q -pcpb , , , pc p c . wv, v dd pudd ud b, w u dd pp z w vv, w w cv w y d vw b pp w c, b w .


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Vasls pls

T p w v b vuy dub d , xp , uk , y w pp b , 246b1 c, .Bu v p d , pq w, w p cc cmlee b , p catral cang n all-inclusive bng, wc upprt t tr-nntvp pc , p c - erfecb, w upp d p dck pc .

T p p 247c92486, bw v u d . T dunamis

pp, wc , , pw() b d by .T pp c v b p c b, c , c , p c c v (. , 247d3) d w k u b b .16 T u b d p b pp w,

.. c pw c , pw b c , b. T ccp pp, b , w x, jc v pc .

T p d zd vv, , vw p c bw b, pc b, wc c, bc, wc c24878 1213; , c, vw w c w, ..ppd, u bdy d w w u

w, .. pp, 2481011. T dunams pp w k c, pc-v bjc, v c wc k b b .T u b kd u, d pv bj, pp w, .. b v pw c , pw b d , b. Bu d j pp cc w bc, b 248c79. , , b, ww, budy, b, w , d w, , c w kw 248105.17

w dunams pp, pt t, bar n t ntrprtatn t nal argunt r cang an


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c 24872495? , w c c p d uppd pud . bu y, , j dunamispp P d d vn t t argunt r cang an cangln. T upprt a trp . cc-zd dw p d bw u b d b,

wc k j k w c paed Reublc; pp bc pc jc dunams pp.

c, c b dunams pp cpb w . T bc dunams pp b vw

w c v c wc k u b, w b ud d y k Ppy d . W d y k P d ,w k u upp pb pc, b c kwb c c kw , w k w b bu pp .18 i w b k p

P , b cc, p p c c. w jc dunams pp j vw wu d v

wc k b, jc vw bc unantal ctnt t a tr ntlgy. T attpt t prua w , , b ccb c w . l

py bv b xu upp p-. T dunamspp py d d w kd uw -pp d , w pv bj,c c bjc v c wc k b b 248b26. B j p ccp 248c1 .. W p xp w ccp w j dunamis pp: bu pp pb w d y, w d p, d uy - w - , wc ccp.

Tr, crtc av brv tat wn t rn t r rjctt dunamis prpal by argung tat t a t abur cnqunc tat


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Vasls pls

b, wc c, c kw, pp vk pb cz c cz b. i w pz pc p c c w wg n t n, jut t pblty t n tat Plat wll n t ndp. P w u comlee b ( ), erfec bng an t uppr tr, nclu cang bcau t ul tatcz pc b b pc b c cz b.

ul w, trr, cnclu, a t a crtc av aluggt, tat t rn t r ay ar all accpt t dunamis

pp, y z w y pvuy vkd?19 .

u d y b ppy d pc cz pc b pc b pp , bjc cc, c dunamis prpal, wc pl tat t kn cang a tng c w c pc w , .. c pc -pcp bjc, wc k b b .20

4. Complete being T argunt r t ralty cang an cangln ntrucby t qutn, wat tng ul w nclu n cplt bng? ( , 24872491 B p, , b,an w wll tat t ntrprtatn t ntr argunt pnuy buy. y -uv b pc b.21 o , c b wu d y b d w b

w , c c k, yp) b ppd , , p ppd pbng. on t unrtrct rang t pra, t argunt na tr-nntv ntlgy wra n t rtrct rang t n .

on gt uggt tat t tw anng ay bc w pc , , b b p. o , c c- w c p cc b pp wc ckw-g n tr ntlgy. on t tr an, t unrtrct anng acat wt t act tat t cnclun t argunt arnt nly t t rn t r, but al t t atralt an t


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u Pd, d p d - . B cvc. T pu wtr Plat tnk tat ngagng wt t rn t rctnt t a tr ntlgy can tabl t n a tr-nntv. i w k p -cv ban acat wt a tr-nntv ntlgy, w ut anwr tqutn n t afratv. r tn t argunt agant t rn w v c v c c c c pc b tuat wtn a tr ntlgy, t a ctnt t t (uc a, d pu ) d bud w d y d b py b d y

. i, , p pcb, w c u v d w y w b d y. (o w w cc 249c104.

W w .Bt rang t crtcal pra, , can ct txtual

pp. i v c -cvbng, n ay pnt ut tat t cnclun (249c104) vntly

p c ccp b, xp b b , 2494. i cc- xp bany c c c. , c [ ] , 249d34), w d d ), w d d p b b k c c. o y dd ud d qud by dbw p cc, ..

w k . w c d w d y, u dddnt nly t t rn t r, w pu uc an ntlgy, but c c P,

w pu a tr-l ntlgy. on ay a urtr tat altug t c b k w w c , an altug t pra ran t graatcalbjc z p 24910, cc c w ckw c c b , 249b23. qc , c b b . o v p b -uv b, bu pb p


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Vasls pls

b. , w c ccc p X P wc pp -cv X. T p , tmaeus 31b1; 391, wc, , -cv v b.

wv, v c p pc b, w p p j ccc p P, v c pc b pp . T Reublc5.47734, w y: w py ( ) pykwb w w v w kw-b.22 h p vdy ud d ,

d, , w w wy, .. , w wc c b b b ( , 4776) d , , c bjc -pcp k p w y. T u p pu p-c, cc cx wc P k c p ccz pc c bw c , w w wc w p , c , w w

wc w p . B ccz p bck Ss k ccz

p Reublc. W , ccz Sohis, d v ud ub p pp , wc : b, b, b. B u upp w p dud,

c p v . W , y, Reublicp d (-d) dd du, P xp, w pb, cb pp .

on purly txtual grun, t t t pra u p b, -uv b. T vd b c , c c, c q b w P w pc cc. B w w c qby wat Plat ay n t cnclun. Wt rgar t t v r 248824910 p 249b23, y pb d d; p b b pp , v b. T c


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vd ud d, w d P u p -cv b. W p tmaeus 31b1, w , 314 v b c, labll pantlv???. h , trr, rrrng t tng n t ral pc b pp , cc p tmaeus -cv v b, b pc vb. o d, d vd d d,r Plat lwr, an n n a paag tat rctly rlvant p ccz (Reublic5.47734), u p p b, pp w pc w

ccz w wc w p cx.

5. Change T p b x vw, w y y d - pu , d d d . o , c c

ckw b c pu . d y d d p u ([2] 249b89) w wy p d vw w y dc : bc w c c- ud b u kwd, d . T , w pp, bjc kw, .. c b kw b , b c,

b c kwb. , p P w w b w wc w paed

Reublc -c .T p [1] 2487249b7, wv, wc

p c c , c b w v w, p

wtr w tnk an all-ncluv bng r prctb. o , c cc p, cc- w c c c , w c

pc , pc b pp . n c b w b c -v . p b vw wc c


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Vasls pls

tng, alng wt t cangln pcular t t, ar prct bngan blng t t uppr tr, an tat all cangng tng blng t tw wc ccz bc . i, p ccp vw wc b c , w c pc , c ,alng wt t cang pcular t t, ar prct bng an blng t pp , w wc ccz bc p c b k c.

on t unrtrct rang , n t tr an, tcc , c any c j c c , b

c b w b. Bw 1998, 204 w: A c [ ] csme bjc c na, w ud xud ykinoumena. T up -uv y. p b vw wc nly cangl tng an cangln ar bng an tat cangng pc bc . W p any c any k

c, j c c c, b.B w c ,

k cc wc any c c v p cc sme c ar ral.23 T tw rang, trr, can agr tat t argunt r c vv c sme c .

Wat parat t wtr jut t Plat cnclun r tr p, , cc any c . i

-cv b, k p; p b, . p z wy u p d , ud d, bu , d . o c , -v , w: wc b c b; w .. c, b b, b ; , c c c, b. B c , pc, vb c , c , ,

w c pp w .. c, b b, b . b b w qc , , pc


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b w q b, ccz b k - pc b w qc.. c w ccz b k - pc q b .. c.

alctc btwn t rn t r an t atraltal turn ut vry rnt pnng n wc rang w apt. on c , w ar prua t nclu n bng , r crtanly nclu, prcly watt atralt nclu, tat , cangng, atral tng an t cang

pc . T cc pc c p pudd ud py w py ud d p

pc cv bw w p.24 o c

, pc c- cv, c b p p bc b c c , b pc ud udy d d dd k ppt btwn tr vw. r wl t atralt, a bt tr tr-ly, d up k py d ar alk bng, t rn t r n up tnkng tat cangl pc k c k pc

b b pp , b c, pc bc .

T , cc, p cc wcd w dp. o d d p, w b, , c , pran (), can knw tng tat ar prct bng an blng t tpp , c , b pc b b pp ; c, , cpc

kw , y . T p wud qu c, wc P , b v db . A , u kw , u b, d d y d , w d

j w p , pc b c . i p b d b , , w c b k cpc -pcp. B v pvuy ud b kw by y k

pcp vw w wc w c paed Reublc. T , , b cpb kw , wc pc b b pp , b pc b b pp .25 T c p c, c b cv c kw k


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Vasls pls

c c cv pc cq kw k c c pc. P , , cc wcb c pc b pp c c c pc , b c cv c pc .

on t unrtrct rang , n t tr an, , , c c kw , wc v b, b b; c, , cpc kw , c pv p; , c

sme c b, v anycangng tng, nclung cangng, atral tng, ar bng. Brwn

p w:on any accunt t ctn, t trangr a t rc t rn t r t accpt nt tr ntlgy nt jut r but ( r all) w. h d by w y d cc b c : ,

w ud (.. v bd, puby). d c b kw, ckw b wc c kw .26

T -v p c x pp u (), bu ud (, 24910) dd , d , Bw y, y b ud bd, wbv .

T , wv, p pb w -v p-, bc c wc b c w ckw . T , d, du py bw w y, w ud xp

y w b d d y u y b wc b. v cpp c , wc c kw , b w d b (). Bu y upp ub pp b , , c any c any k c, c c pc , , j c , b wc, -v p,

cc P . T , , k w u d pu b u, dpc b pp , c, cpc pc bc .


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A , y wy vd pb u, Bw,27 tat t prvuly cnr dumanis prpal (wc ay tat , d y , pw pw b c p b p d y d d pd by -v; dunamspp w p b c b bw - . T y, bu dunamis pp, d d vw c b ckw b wc b, w bv c b b w c q wc b w b

- .T wy vd pb , wv, ub, d

t r av rjct t dunamis prpal. urtrr, t wulb w pp v c jc , c

pcp ccp . q j w can n prncpl accpt a nutral crtrn bng, uc a t dunamis

prpal, wc ay tat wtr tng ral can b tablp b wc b w

b - . T cc p ccp, b wc c

w kw , pp b c w dunamspp, pp k pby c w cz . B w ccp dunamspp. c c pc b pp , bjc cc, c dunamspp, wc p

k c c w c pc w k b b . i, bjc cc, c dunamspp,

wc bw - .W p b

, b , 24910 , bccv. i c??? b, v c, cp b, q -v p-. Bu y d by , d wP , pp c .But an prct bng, a t n t rtrct


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Vasls pls

p, w b pc b pp c , c w b c b .

i cc w P c c b, c c pc b pp d, d pu , y z u w c pc .

, w v b pp , c , c v q,

w p pp. , argunt r cangln, wc rl n t cla tat knwlg

pb c , v c

b kw b v ,a t cnclun ncat, ugt ar by t plpr (c. 240c10).cn, t argunt r t ralty t cangng ul ut b nagant t backgrun t rn t r cla tat tru an b / kw b w b () kw by bdy u -pp.But vntly t a rrnc t t nvual uan ul an n-

pcp. A , wv, b

P y, dd, v k uv u d ww p w vw tmaeus.28 B w , Ssp, c v w c b cv, w , pcunvr a a wl, a t bjct t knwlg. it wul b a urtrq w v pc v

pc w pc.A p, w u p u u p

nt nly t tr-nntv ntrprtatn, but al an altrnatv trp wc v pp b vv c.29 T bjc p t rn t r av, atly br t prnt argunt,patcally n tat t r can b nvlv n cang, an t

p pp p tr wn tr. urtrr, wn cang n a ral, t , wv , c . B w y u k u pw kw , v pp v c, .30 T v p k pc b pp pp c c, b


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ar upp t cntan cang. But t t t vry pnt t, wc w c x q

pc b pp w c , u p b d upp ud wc c kw .

6. Reading Platos conclusion at 249c10d4W v w p c, c , c ,

p c pc b pp . T, c, p c b q t ttalty tng, but nly bcau, vntly, tng a prct

b b pp , b b . , w c pc b

any k c c , b smepc k.wv, p pp b c w P cc249c104, wc w pc pp, , w p v kw, c c

any c c c. , as manyhings as d [as many hings as] ) b d

. C c , c, p b ,

w b . mv, b cany c c .

T , wv, w vc pp , bv 249c104 cc argunt agant t rn t r (24872495), but al t 2465247c8. i cc-

, b w c P. W t cnclun t ut wat t plpr, tat , w uprlyvu kwd, d , u bv d w u bv. B w b P , , P v , p-p , d y ppp k , y d , dv . A , w pudd kwd y py by bv ckw c .

T allw u t vrc t apparnt tnn. nc t cnclun j c , ppp b c w v


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Vasls pls

p w u w w ud b udd py b d wc w ccv

w w b c pc b pp cqc b wc w ccv . i ppp ccud pu kd d ,bu y d . u d du py pu bw d kd ,.. pp w , , b - y, y v u d ( b c P.

i w P -v

cc 249c104, , bw tr-l n t atralt an t tr n t rn t. cc c p bw w . W t wc bt atralt an rn t r can agr, but nlybc c . o c, w

w cc, pc cc wc ud udy d d dd k pp

bw vw. T p , , P cc bw xb pc , .. c p b p ccp pc wc p accpt a ral. But prct ytry btwn t atralt an t c k, c c b pp bw , c , - , c .

B , bjc, P k p cc-n n a tr-nntv way. Ar all, t upp t appal qually t , w - , r, w n a tr ntlgy. But t bjctn t pnt,

wc p xp cc, , w v p w , p w p . i pp b , p bw w p b .

uarly, t cnclun an t llwng t ac t twp. , p c, an cangl, atral tng tgtr ak up all t cangng an , d y k up b d y


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171


, ppd w . d , , cc , , pc b pp c k c c ; bcd w ud udy d kd ; k c c k p c c ; w kp b , pp w .

o y uy bj d u d cc w c c, , wc, , ccv b bcan t lwr tr, ar at t a t a t cnclun, n any, . i,

? B, p , b t prua t trw. my rpn tat t rn t r 246b6c4 c, , , pp . W , b , w qc ,, p b. W y y , blng nt t but nly t (246b6c2), ty ak c bc , vk,

pp , b bc w pz w qc , , pc b. i d pp bw d 2468c4 pp b c w k c w b , pc, ( , 246b1). u , y b , k b c w b w c

cb w . , , , , , , pc b, pp, c c, , .

7. ConclusionW v p P c c, ,pn crucally n tat n pra, . But i trut t a w w cc p w ud d -uv b d pc b c x cc.


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172

Vasls pls

C p cc w pp P , w v c v ? , k w x c c , b d py d w w ud . T ppp w b , pp, p wcrang w apt. on t unrtrct rang t

p, w -uv b, up P j d y d k w q, W ?, q k , c k c bw ,

b q , q w q,W ? B , w v , p . r, up pp, y, P k d bww pc q w q, W ? T p , w , w c pc b pp . W p P , , u d dfu qu. qu w

w w qu, W ?, wu dw udc bw c p pc b,

w A w c p b c p pc b .

Acknowledgementsi J C, J d, V , z-g , Kvm, B oB, c oC d W. i .

Notes1 xppaed 74 p. 7458, 789 p. 7967, 100b17;Reublc

4759 .; Symsum 2106211b5; tmaeus 276284, 513527 i tmaeus ;plebus 584599, 61103.

2 (Reublic 477a3 an Sohis 2488249a1; blw). Al (..Reublic4777, 478d6), (.. Sohis246b8), / (.. timaeus 2834, 525 d Sohis24811), d py..paed 781 Ss246c2. P x, c-c, w, q .

3 .. t rlatn n-way pnnc wc Plat t rr t apcp c , .


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173


4 T cc 249c104. i p bv w w c 6 cc p pc 2487249c9, .. wc pcc, b 2465247c8, wc

cc p.5 Bw 1998, 204. mvk (1962, 31 d 3541) u P dd -uv d -v w qu W x? ow 1986b[ 1966], 414 [33640]. A -v p b 1981, 1945 B 1991, 514, 520, 528.

6 r 1951, 11011; C 1965, 352; k 1986; , 1996, 196; v 2002.

7 i bv v p b pp cz b cc w p. k 1986, 14, xp, w -

p, c p q w p ccqc pv???: i c p: A w b cvc c p ? Bw 1998, 201 w cp b c p , p qc. mravck (1962, 39) al cntru t paag t b ayng ply tat , , , c. kw v 2002, 154.

8 Tat t pra, , n abguu n t way u t tb jcv , wc cp, -cv, pc. pv??? c vb,

cp pc c., .., , cv, t.149d6, d , buy u ,Re. 583b3). T buy c b cv p, , A c E. Nc. 1.7 eudamna . o -c cv , A c eudamna c ball w -c c c ba sngle , pc .

9 , . - b g.m.A. gb, v b C.d.C. rv, Cp 1997, 1103.

10 T cla rlatvly unxctng n part bcau t alray alar pcally Reublc4772 ., p bc p , w ccz 246b6c4, c . n pub u y y y z ,

p c cb Reublcp bw.11 o , xp, P vk c bw w

y w qu W ?, bu w qu W ?, w qu W b? (.. W b?. i w , c, c pb, bc i k q W ?, W b?, W c?

pb P. B .12 i accpt Baa cnjctur atn pntwn??? t ln 249b6, apt by w oC.

13 ow 1986b [ 1966], 43 [40], . 15; 1981, 195; Bw1998, 202. cc .. k 1986, 1618 v 2002, 155, pc


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174

Vasls pls

k k p, cc b sme c . B c vb p. o cc p.C 1965) w kw dd d p py pb cc c .

14

T clar r t rulatn t cnclun at 249c111: ... T ppy 244b6: (Pd ntn by na at 2442). Plat aung, a tng alar, tat tP o c.

15 xc cc b, Bw 1998. B i k w tr-nntv ntrprtatn t nal argunt agant t rn t r24872495.

16 T cla tat t dunamis prpal prv a rv r 24734. i pp pv, c, k k . i , , p qu, W ? u qu w k uppd u d pp w , y, b b, ..

w q, W b?.17 T u b uy xd by Ky 1969, V 1973 d,

c, Bw 1998.18 p, 1996.19 p. Bw 1998, 199200, w cc v

p.20

rank (1986, 1112) argu tat t rn t r rjct t dunamispp bu y j vw kwd k -pp -pcpb . W i c b , q b p. P ccp bw -pcp -pcpb c kwb w jc, bc c , vw w k kw, pcv bjc, c v c cc pp b.

21 . 78 bv.22 . 9 bv.23 Bw, 1998, 201, q bw.24 Bw 1998, 205, w , c c.25 lv fc w kw

b kw . T fc w .

26 Bw 1998, 201.27 Bw 1998, 199200.28 tim. 29d7 . T p v b d dd--J,

wc Ss249 v Mnd cv

pcp v.29 u p, d dd, V1973 Bw 1998.

30 T p w y v , uw y ddd by Pu, w y:


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, , Enneads 6.7.8, 2531. W P Ss249 tmaeus 31b1 c. .

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