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Space Based Vessel Detection - Combining Earth Observation and AIS for Maritime surveillance
Tony Bauna
Kongsberg Satellite Services, Tromsø, Norway
WORLD CLASS – through people, technology and dedication www.ksat.no
Nordic Expert Meeting on Regional Maritime Monitoring Cooperation, 25 October 2011, Haugesund
KSAT Missions Objectives
• KSAT is a service provider dedicated to satellite operation and utilzation of satellite data
Kongsberg Satellite Services, KSAT
• Established in 1967
• Kongsberg Satellite Services since 2002
• Providing services based on polar orbiting satellites
• Round the clock operations (24h/365d)
• Employees: 120
• Turnover 2010: 301 MNOK
• Export 91% in 2010
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KSAT’s Extended Polar and Mid-Latitude Network
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• Operational Maritime Monitoring Services
• Oil spill Detection
• Vessel Detection and identification
• Ice navigation
• Wind information
• Multimission Rapid Response Services
• Services in development
• Forest monitoring, Snow, Iceberg tracking…
• Involved in several GMES and national funded projects
Earth Observation Services
• Vast ocean areas
• –appr 7x mainland
• Weather; wind, darkness,
cloudcover and fog
• Increasing oil and gas activity
• Unregistred fishing (IUU)
• Increasing vessel traffic • Shipment of russian oil
• Gas and LNG
• Transport of goods and chemicals
• Ecotourism
In vulnerable arctic environment
Norway and the High North
Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)
• Excellent tool for detection of oil slicks and vessels
• Covering large geographic areas
• Independent of daylight
• Sees through cloud and fog
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Norway – development of satellite based oil spill detection
• Norway member of ESA already in 1984
• Exploring capabilities of radar satellites
• Vast ocean areas combined with darkness demanded new surveillance technology
• Oil-spill service in use in Europe developed in Norway • In cooperation with national authorities
• Funded by development projects (ESA EO, EU/DG Res, GMES)
• Based on user requirements- success factor
• Operational oil-spill service deliveries for more than 10 years
• Evolved into the Pan-European CleanSeaNet service (EMSA)
Oil spill detection by analysis of SAR images
• Typical oil spill, black defined feature on the sea surface, a long tail
combined with ship (small white spot) at the end.
• The black colour is due to the SAR technology
and is not true colour.
• Ships marked by white circles.
Oil spill in Brazilian coastal water. Oil spill in the south of Norway.
Identification of source Combining satellite images with AIS -a powerful combination
Oil spill outside the Norwegian coast,
ships in the area. Warning with
excact position, size and confidence
level is given.
Combined with AIS, tracked back, one of the ship
lanes closely corresponds with the potensial spill.
The vessel can easily be identified, and
authorities can decide on further action.
Identification of Source
Oil spill from an oilrig detected from satellite where the image is overlaid with information
of pipelines and offshore installations to identify the most likely source (marked with
yellow in image to the right). The other bright dots are signatures of vessels
Combining satellite images with more information layers, installations and pipelines
Experienced operators is a crucial factor in the oil spill detection service. With a 20 minute time-limit the human knowledge obtained from analyzing a large number of SAR images is very valuable, and can still not be fully replaced by automatic detection and reporting.
Development of oil spill detection service in Europe
• Norway, oil spill service since 1996
• Netherlands, Oil spill service since 1998
• Denmark, Oil spill service since 2001
• Finland, oil spill service since 2002
• UK, oil spill service since 2003
• Germany, oil spill service since 2003
• Sweden, oil spill service since 2004
• Russia, Oil spill service since 2004
• Belgium, oil spill service since 2005
• Europe, EMSA oil spill service, since 2007- 24 member states
WORLD CLASS – through people, technology and dedication
© KONGSBERG
Climate change – opening new shipping lanes
September 2007
Nordvest passasjen åpen
(orange line)
Nordøst passasjen delvis
åpen (blue line).
• Growing concern
• Increasing transport
• Eco-tourism
• Search and Rescue?
• oil-spill preparedness?
Need for enhanced monitoring
Open – but not ice free
Ship routing in ice waters reduces fuel, emissions and risks
Planned route through the ice
6 hours Actual route around the ice
3 hours
Ship Routing in Ice
• Real time access to high resolution satellite data
• Saves time
• Easiest, simplest route can be identified
• Navigate around obstacles
• Saves money
• Less fuel consumed
• Less hull maintenance
• Less time in dry-dock and therefore potential increase in number of operating days per year.
• Reduce risk
AISSAT-1
Size does (not) matter - 20x20 cm
First results from AIS-sat1
Vessel Tracking with Satellite AIS
Extended AIS coverage obtained with satellites. Multiple satellites needed to reach user temporal requirement. Example is with
ExactEarth satellites
Vessel Detection and Identification
Radarsat-2 and TerraSAR-X detections integrated with data from AISSat-1 and ExactEarth
Barents Sea monitoring; Radarsat-2 and AISSAT-1
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AISSat-1
RADARSAT-2©MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2011)
Transhipment activity
RADARSAT-2©MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2011)
KSAT Vessel Detection Service
• Use of Satellite images for detecting vessels at sea
• Based on Norwegian technology (algorithms developed by Norwegian Defence Research Establishment)
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for detection
• Optical images for recognition
• Provides information to end users in near-real-time
• Operational deliveries with requirements from 15-60 minutes
• Correlation with other vessel tracking information
• AIS, VMS, LRIT ..
RADARSAT-2 UltraFine Courtesy MDA
EO based Vessel Detection
• Snapshot in time that provides the following information on the vessels detected:
• Location (lat/lon)
• Estimation of size*
• Estimation of heading*
• Estimation of speed*
• Estimation of confidence
*may not always be possible to
estimate due to environmental factors
Satellite sensor tradeoff: Coverage vs resolution
300 km swath
50 m resolution
RADARSAT SAR data, @CSA, Processed by KSAT, 2009
50 km swath
8 m resolution 20 km swath optical
0,5 m resolution
• Oil spill pollution
• Identification of source
• Risk assessment
• Fisheries control
• Illegal fishing
• Fishing pattern
• Effort estimation
• Safety
• Maritime traffic density
• Accident risk
• Compliance with traffic separation schemes
• Security
• Border control, illegal immigration, smuggling
• Piracy
Vessel/target detection and identification - a core application for:
SAR image /Sat-AIS integration
• Detecting non-reporting vessels
Maritime Security R&D
• Presently over 60 European projects within the theme Maritime Security
• (MARSUR, CISE, EUROSUR, MARSUNO, BLUEMASSMED, etc.)
• European R&D projects like MARISS and LIMES have been (and still are) instrumental in developing the capabilities and use of Earth Observation for maritime security
• LIMES (EC) – with the follow-up DOLPHIN just started
• Developing new and improve existing detection methods
• Correlation and user interface developments
• Short demonstration and validation campaigns towards end-users
• MARISS (ESA) – is into it’s Scaling Up phase
• Improvements of service chains
• Setting up a service network of operational service providers
• Operational demonstrations to end-users based on SLAs
• Other national and international projects also contribute to the developments of the service chain
Vessel Detection – Case studies
Example Bow Asir - Satellite AIS
Satellite AIS data provided by LuxSpace/ORBCOMM
Satellite AIS data provided by LuxSpace/ORBCOMM
Satellite AIS and optical data
QB2 – 2 April 2009 07:44 UTC
Courtesy DigitalGlobe
RADARSAT-2 Fine Beam
Dual-polarisation
8 April 2009 02:23 UTC
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © MacDONALD, DETTWILER
AND ASSOCIATES LTD., 2009 – All Rights Reserved. Received and Processed by KSAT
RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
RADARSAT-2 Fine Beam (8m) & Ultra Fine Beam (3m)
Bow Asir
RADARSAT-2 Ultra Fine Beam
Dual-polarisation
8 April 2009 15:01 UTC
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © MacDONALD, DETTWILER
AND ASSOCIATES LTD., 2009 – All Rights Reserved. Received and Processed by KSAT
RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
PIRASAT demonstrations for EMSA
• Experience from CSN operations, COMPASS and other projects meant that KSAT was a natural choice for EMSA to coordinate PIRASAT demonstrations in the Gulf of Aden and Somalia basin
• PIRASAT-1 in early Dec. 2009 – “proof-of-concept”
• PIRASAT-2 Summer 2010 – “Validation”
PIRASAT-1 QuickBird – examples of detected vessels
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Small
Vessel
Container
Vessel
War Ship
Cargo
Vessels
Container Vessel, 340 meters long
Warship, 153 meters long
Cargo vessel, 146m
Cargo vessel, 186m
Cargo vessel, 148m
Small vessel, 18m
PIRASAT-2: RADARSAT-2 Acquisition
PIRASAT-2: RADARSAT-2 Acquisition + LRIT
PIRASAT-2: RADARSAT-2 Vessel Detection
PIRASAT-2: RADARSAT-2 Vessel Detection + SatAIS
PIRASAT-2: RADARSAT-2 Vessel Detection + SatAIS + LRIT
PIRASAT-2: RADARSAT-2 Correlation
MARISS: Barents Sea/Svalbard 24.10.2011
MARISS: Barents Sea/Svalbard 25.10.2011 04:59z
MARISS: Barents Sea/Svalbard 25.10.2011 06:40z
Thank you for your attention!