space for worship_church architecture

SPACE FOR WORSHIPANALYTIC REPORT ON CHURCH

PRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

CHRISTIANITY

• a monotheistic religion• the system of religious belief and practice which was

taught by Jesus Christ in the country of Palestine, during the reign of the Roman Emperor, Tiberius.

• after its Founder's death, his teachings were continued by certain chosen men among His followers. These began their mission on the day of Pentecost, A.D. 29, which day is regarded, accordingly, as the birthday of the Christian Church.


• Jesus was a Palestinian Jew born in Bethlehem around 4 B.C. The title Christ ("Anointed one") was applied to Jesus by his followers.

• Jesus displayed unusual religious insight at an early age, but until age 29 he apparently worked as a carpenter with his (adoptive) father, Joseph. Then he began to preach and work miracles, gathering around him a group of twelve apostles("sent ones").

JESUS CHRIST OF NAZARETH

The Sermon On the Mount

Jesus as a child with his mother, Mary


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermon_On_the_Mount

• At age 33, Jesus was arrested by an angry mob and turned over to local authorities who gave him a hasty trial and executed him on charges of blasphemy. He suffered a cruel death on a cross and was buried.

JESUS CHRIST OF NAZARETH

the death of Jesus on the CrossPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Cross

PHILOSOPHY

• The central belief of Christianity is that by faith in the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus, individuals are saved from death - both spiritual and physical - by redemption from their sins.

• The emphasis on God giving his son, or the Son (who is God) coming down to earth for the sake of humanity, is an essential difference between Christianity and most other religions, where the emphasis is instead placed solely on humans working for salvation.

• Christians believe that Christ is God in human flesh and that He has existed for all eternity as part of the triune God (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit).


MAJOR BRANCHES WITHIN CHRISTINITY

• the Roman Catholic Church, • the Eastern Orthodox churches, and • the churches of Protestantism.


WHAT IS CHURCH?


TYPES OF CHURCH

Abbey/Priory• A large, grand building usually, originally the seat of

worship for a religious community. Abbeys in England were abolished at the reformation and many destroyed by King Henry 8th.

Sherborne Abbey, EnglandPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

TYPES OF CHURCH

Cathedral• Almost always very large buildings indeed. The seat of

and focus of worship in a region or district called a diocese. They have the throne of the Bishop within.

Santa Maria del Fiore, ItalyPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

TYPES OF CHURCH

Chapel• Smaller places within the main building, with an altar

which can be used for worship by smaller congregations. Usually dedicated to a patron saint.

Trinity Chapel, EnglandPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

TYPES OF CHURCH

Convent• The buildings of a religious community of women. Not

just the place of worship, but accommodation, kitchens and often school buildings too.

St. Josephs Convent School & College, EnglandPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHURCHES

• From the beginnings of the early Christian period till Constantine’s period of the Roman Empire, it was illegal to worship the Christian religion. Therefore, church buildings did not exist. Christians worshiped along with Jews in synagogues or private homes. After the Roman Emperor Constantinople came into power, Christianity became an official state religion.

Dura-Europos house church


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-Europos_house_church




• The architecture of the first churches were a large rectangular meeting hall in east and west direction, with a nave and aisles and sometimes galleries and clerestories. At the east end was placed the altar and an apse. This was called the Basilica.

• Later a bema was added before the alter and extended sideways to form two arms called transept. This created an evolution in the church form which was known as the Latin or Greek cross.

Plan of Old St Peter's BasilicaPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter's_Basilica


• In the Medieval periods, monasteries were added to church buildings.

• In the Romanesque periods, decorative elements in churches included zigzags, spirals, and fierce animal heads. Murals were painted in church walls.

Speyer Cathedral, Germany

San Miniato al Monte, Florence


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miniato_al_Monte

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence


• In the Gothic periods, new engineering skills allowed thinner walls, larger windows, and high pointed arched vaults. Flying buttresses were used as means of support.

The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris CathedralAmiens Cathedral



• After the division of the Roman Empire, church architecture in the Eastern Empire became more compact and centralized. Dome was used on the roof. This was the Byzantine architecture.

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

Church of the Intercession on the NerlPRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Intercession_on_the_Nerl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Intercession_on_the_Nerl


• In the Renaissance period, Classical features were brought back into architecture with their columns and entablature and gables. Plans were centralized like the Byzantine architecture.

• In the Revival periods, Medieval and Gothic architecture was brought back.

Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua St. Joseph's Church in Cracow,Poland


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_Sant'Andrea_di_Mantova

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_Sant'Andrea_di_Mantova

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracow

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland


• In Modern periods, concrete was used. Church forms became abstract and simplistic. Simple one-room plan was the essence of architecture.

Basilica of Our Lady of Altagracia,Dominican Republic

Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, Interior of the Cathedral of Christ the Light, Oakland, California


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Altagracia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Altagracia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Light

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_CA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Altagracia.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oak_Cathdrl_interior.jpg


• In the Postmodern movement, historical styles were brought back into architecture because the movement views the modern styles too simple or too bland.

The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro was built between 1985 and 1989 and designed by Lebanese architectPierre Fakhoury

The interior of the Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń clearly draws from classical forms ofWestern European church architecture.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace_of_Yamoussoukro

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Fakhoury



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Liche%C5%84

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Liche%C5%84

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF CHURCH


THE HOLY ROSARY CATHOLIC CHURCH


BASIC INFORMATION

• Location: TEJGONG, DHAKA, BANGLADESH• Construction period: 1993• Building Type: CHURCH• Context: URBAN• Architectural style: MODERN


SITE PLAN


GROUND FLOOR PLAN

1

2

3

3PRESENTED BY_ MONDAL FARHAD ALI_DEPERTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE_AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION


THE JUBILEE CHURCH


BASIC INFORMATION

• Architect: RICHARD MEIERS• Location: TOR TRE TESTE, ROME, ITALY• Construction period: 1998• Building Type: CHURCH AND COMMUNITY CENTER• Context: URBAN• Architectural style: MODERN• Theme: LIGHT AND TRANSPARENCY


SITE PLAN


GROUND FLOOR PLAN


ELEVATIONS


DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

• Three large curved walls of pre-cast concrete

• The large thermal mass of the concrete walls control internal heat gain

• Walls also contain titanium dioxide to keep the appearance of the church white

• Glass ceilings and skylights in the church span the entire length of the building filling the space with natural light.


PRESENTED BY_MONDAL, FARHAD ALI_08-12472-3


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