spain in the 17th and 18th centuries

Our Lady of the Loneliness School, Cantillana (Seville) Year 5

In the 16th century, under Charles I and Philip II, Spain lost much of its power in Europe because: - Spain was constantly at war. - Spain was financially weaker. There was less gold and

silver arriving from America. The wars were expensive. In this period there were also bad harvests.

1 - In 1598, Philip II died, so Philip III became King of Spain. - Philip III was not very interested in governing the country,

so his royal favourites governed for him. - Philip III’s most important favourite was the Duke of

Lerma.

1 - One of the most important events in his

reign was the expulsion of the Moriscos. - The Moriscos were Muslims who had been

forced to convert to Christianity during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs.

About 300,000 Moriscos had to leave their homes and their lands.

Charles I of Spain

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

1598 Charles I of Spain

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

1 - Philip IV became king in 1621. - His royal favourite was Count-Duke of Olivares. He

governed Spain. Under his government Spain was continually at war.

- Philip IV became king in 1621. - His royal favourite was Count-Duke of Olivares. He

- Spain fought in the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). This was a religious war between the Catholics and Protestants in Central Europe.

- Spain was defeated in this war. Spain lost the Netherlands and other territories in Europe.

- The Count-Duke of Olivares tried to reinforce the King’s power. This caused rebellions in Cataluña and Portugal.

- In Cataluña the rebellions were stopped, but Portugal became an independent country.

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

1 - Charles II became king in 1665 when he was only four

years old. - His mother governed whilst he was a child. When he was

old enough to rule, Charles II was ill. - His royal favourites governed for him.

1 - Charles II died without having any children. - Many European monarchies fought to take

over the Spanish Empire. This was called the War of Succession.

- After the war, a new dynasty ruled in Spain: the Bourbon dynasty.

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

- Bourbon dynasty had the victory

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

2 - The Golden Age was a period of artistic and literary

splendour in Spain during the Habsburg dynasty. - Works of art were mainly of religious themes,

commissioned by the Catholic Church.

Architecture changed during the Golden Age. Buildings were ornately decorated and had lots of curved elements to give a sense of movement. For example: The façade of the Obradoiro of the Cathedral of Santiago and the Plaza Mayor in Madrid.

Golden Age sculptures show expression and movement. You can see some of these sculptures in Easter processions.

Artists painted portraits in the realistic style. They used contrast so that figures seemed illuminated against very dark backgrounds. Some important artists were El Greco, Diego Velázquez, Murillo and Zurbarán.

SCULPTURE

PAINTING

ARCHITECTURE

RE Architecture changed during the Golden Age. Buildings

were ornately decorated and had lots of curved elements to give a sense of movement. For example: The façade of the Obradoiro of the Cathedral of Santiago and the Plaza Mayor in Madrid.

PAINTING

ARCHITECTURE

Cristo de la clemencia, by Juan Martínez Montañés

The Immaculate Conception, by Alonso Cano

PAINTING

ARCHITECTURE

Las Meninas, by Velázquez

Caballero de la mano en el pecho, by El Greco Gentelman with his hand on his chest, by El Greco

ARCHITECTURE

The façade of the Obradoiro of the Cathedral of Santiago

The façade of the Municipal Museum of Madrid

2 SCULPTURE

PAINTING

ARCHITECTURE Ornately decorated, curved elements and movement.

Expression and movement.

Realistic style and contrast: El Greco, Diego Velázquez.

LITERATURE • Poetry: Some famous authors are Fran Luis de León, Santa Teresa de Jesús, San Juan de la Cruz, Garcilaso de la Vega and Luis de Góngora.

• Theatre: Some famous authors are Félix Lope de Vega, Tirso de Molina and Pedro Calderón.

• Novel: The most famous author is Miguel de Cervantes, who wrote Don Quijote. Another important author is Francisco de Quevedo.

2 SCULPTURE

PAINTING

2 SCULPTURE

PAINTING

2 SCULPTURE

PAINTING

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

SCULPTURE

PAINTING

LITERATURE

• Poetry: Garcilaso de la Vega • Theatre: Lope de Vega. • Novel: Miguel de Cervantes

3 - The War of Succession had two important consequences:

A new royal dynasty ruled Spain: the Bourbons, from France. The Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713. It confirmed Philip V as

King of Spain. As part of the treaty, Spain lost territories in Europe and Spain, for example Gibraltar and Menorca became English.

3 - In 1700, Philip V became king. He was the

grandson of the French king Louis XIV. - Philip V established an absolute monarchy.

This meant he had all the powers of State. - He made important reforms:

He abolished the laws and institutions of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. He didn’t abolish the institutions of Navarre and the Basque Country.

He made Spanish the only official language.

He introduced the Salic Law of succession, which excluded women from the Spanish throne.

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY 18th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY 18th CENTURY 1700

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

3 - When Philip V died, Fernando VI became the King of Spain. - He continued the reforms and was very similar to Philip V. - Fernando VI also built roads and canals.

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY 18th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and canals

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

3 - In 1759, Charles III and his

ministers tried to modernize the country.

- They tried to improve agriculture, industry and trade. They reformed education and built libraries and museums such as the Prado Museum.

- Under Charles III’s rule, Menorca became part of Spain again.

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY 18th CENTURY 1700 1746 1759

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

1746 1759

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

libraries and the Prado

Museum

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Menorca became Spanish

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

or Charles V

of Germany

Philip II

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

3 - In 1788, Charles IV became King of Spain. He was an

unpopular king who left the government of the country in the hands of his ministers: Manuel Godoy.

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY 18th CENTURY 1700 1746 1746 1788

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

1746 1746 1788

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

1746 1788

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

4 - In the 18th century, there was a new cultural movement

called the Enlightenment. - This movement came from France and spread during the

Bourbon dynasty. The most famous thinkers were the French philosophers: Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau.

4 - An important work of the Enlightenment was the Encyclopaedia. It

represented the thoughts of the Enlightenment.

4 FRANCISCO DE GOYA

- He is one of the most important artists in the world. - He was a painter at the Spanish court. He painted

portraits of Charles III and Charles IV. - He painted festivals, but also painted scenes depicting the

tragedy and suffering of war.

4 FRANCISCO DE GOYA

The 3rd of May 1808, by Francisco de Goya The 2nd of May 1808, by Francisco de Goya

4 FRANCISCO DE GOYA

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

18th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

18th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

18th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

18th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

18th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

18th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY

18th CENTURY 1746 1746 1788

Modernized the

country

Spanish language

No children

Expulsion of the

Moriscos

1598 1621

30 Years’ War

Portugal became

independent

War of Succession

17th CENTURY 1700

Salic Law

Continued the

reforms

Built roads and

canals

Museum

Unpopular king

SCULPTURE

PAINTING

LITERATURE

• Poetry: Garcilaso de la Vega

• Theatre: Lope de Vega. • Novel: Miguel de

Cervantes

Philosophers: Montesquieu, Voltaire & Rousseau.

Francisco de Goya is one of the most important artists in the world.

Encyclopaedia: ñ

Our Lady of the Loneliness School, Cantillana (Seville) Year 5

spain in the 17th and 18th centuries

Education