History of Special

Education

More than 1 million students were refused access to public schools and another 3.5 million received little or no effective instruction. Many states had laws that explicitly excluded children with certain types of disabilities, including children who were blind, deaf, and children labelled "emotionally disturbed" or "mentally retarded."

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (1775 – 1838)

Referred to as the Father of Special Education

A French physician who was an authority on ear diseases and in education for the deaf

Began to educate a boy of about twelve who had been roaming naked in the forests of France.

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (1775 – 1838)

Itard’s mentor, Philippe Pinel, a prominent Frenchphysician who was an early advocate of humanetreatment of insane persons, advised him that hisefforts would be unsuccessful because the boy,Victor, was a "hopeless idiot." But Itardpersevered. He did not eliminate Victor’sdisabilities, but he did dramatically improve thewild child’s behaviour through patience andeducative procedures.

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (1775 – 1838)

A student of Itard’s, Edouard Seguin, immigrated tothe United States in 1848. Seguin had becomefamous as an educator of "idiotic children," eventhough most thinkers of the day were convincedthat such children could not be taught anything ofsignificance.

Revolutionary Ideas of Itard, Seguin & their successors

Individualized instruction

the child’s characteristics, rather than prescribed academic content, provide the basis for teaching techniques

A carefully sequenced series of educational tasks

beginning with tasks the child can perform and gradually leading to more difficult learning

Revolutionary Ideas of Itard, Seguin & their successors

Emphasis on stimulation and awakening of the child’s senses

help the child become more aware of and responsive to educational stimuli

Meticulous arrangement of the child’s environment

the environment and the child’s experience lead naturally to learning

Revolutionary Ideas of Itard, Seguin & their successors

Immediate reward for correct performance

providing reinforcement for desirable behavior

Tutoring in functional skills

to help the child be self sufficient and productive in everyday life.

Resource: teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlresources/.../pdf/JeanMarcGaspardItard%20.pdf

April 15, 1817

The American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb was founded in Hartford, Connecticut by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet.

the American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, the first residential school in the U.S.

The first Primary & Secondary Education school to received federal fund of $300,000

Year 1829

New England Asylum for the Blind was founded, and now known as the Perkins School for the Blind.

The school is named in honor of Thomas HandasydPerkins, one of the organization's incorporators and a Boston shipping merchant who began losing his sight at the time of establishment.

July 27, 1834

The year when the Braile was first published.

developed by Charles Barbier in response to Napoleon's demand for a means for soldiers to communicate silently at night and without light.

derived from the Latin alphabet, albeit indirectly

July 1, 1839

The First Teachers’ Training Program was launched and opened in Massachusetts.

Opened training programs that will help teachers to understand their students to better teaching-learning interaction

July 1848

Samuel Gridley Howe establishes the Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Children

Currently known as The Walter E. Fernald State School

The institution did serve a large population of mentally retarded children

July 1869

First public school class for children with hearing impairments open in Boston

Year1876

Edouard Seguin helps to organize the first professional association concerned with disabilities (mental retardation), predecessor to today’ American Association on Mental Retardation

Year 1904

The Vineland Training School in New Jersey

inaugurates training programs for teachers of

students with mental retardation

Year 1916

Louis Terman publishes the Standford-BinetScale of Intelligence

is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet-Simon Scale by Lewis M. Terman

Year 1920

The rise of Gifted children

Conducted the Training program for Gifted

Columbia University, begins training program for teachers of pupils who are gifted

Year 1973

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act

This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities

Public schools were required to evaluate handicapped children and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students.

Year 1973

was put in place to correct the problem of discrimination against people with disabilities in the United States

Individuals who qualify as having a disability have experienced discrimination both because of negative attitudes in regards to their ability to be an effective employee, as well as the physical barriers at work facilities. The Title V of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act requires private employers with federal contracts over $2,500 to take affirmative action to hire individuals with a mental or physical disability. While this means that employers must make reasonable accommodations for disabled employees,

Education for All Handicapped Children

The act also required that school districts provide administrative procedures so that parents of disabled children could dispute decisions made about their children’s education.

The act also required that school districts provide administrative procedures so that parents of disabled children could dispute decisions made about their children’s education.

Year 1986

Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986 (PL 99-457)

necessitates states to make available appropriate and free public education to children ages 3 through 5 who are disabled

July 26, 1990

Americans with Disabilities Act (PL 101-336)

is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.

Americans with Disabilities Act (PL 101-336)

It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal

unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations.

Individuals with Disability Education Act 1990 (IDEA)

that governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to children with disabilities

addresses the educational needs of children with disabilities from age 3 to age 18 or 21 in cases that involve 14 specified categories of disability.

Individuals with Disability Education Act 1997 (IDEA)

The definition of disabled children expanded to include developmentally delayed children between three and nine years of age.

It also required parents to attempt to resolve disputes with schools and Local Educational Agencies

amendments authorized additional grants for technology, disabled infants and toddlers, parent training, and professional development.

Individuals with Disability Education Act 2004(IDEA)

Lately known as Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEiA)

Several provisions aligned IDEA with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009 (ARRA)

President Barrack Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) on February 17, 2009

It Includes the additional $12.2 Billion in additional funds.

No Child Left Behind (NCLB 2001)

is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students

IDEA Reauthorization (2011)

updated the IDEA to include specific interventions for children of ages 2 and under that have disabilities.

The definition of multidisciplinary has been revised to respect aspects of an updated individualized family service plan (IFSP) team.

Native language is the language normally used by the parents of the child for any child that is deemed limited English proficient

References

History of SPED in US

http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/timeline-of-key-dates-in-the-history-of-special-education-in-the-us

Definitions of Laws

https://www.wikipedia.com/