specialized populations: when is oras not enough? the corrections institute center for criminal...
TRANSCRIPT
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Specialized Populations: When is ORAS not enough?
The Corrections Institute
Center for Criminal Justice Research
University of Cincinnati
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The Ultimate Goal
• To develop the most comprehensive view of the person– Incorporate actuarial assessments,
structured evaluations, and professional judgment
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Best Practices: The Use of a Actuarial Assessment
• Medical• Automobile• Insurance• Mechanical • Economics• Healthcare
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Anybody Recognize This?
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Probably Not. But You Probably Recognize This?
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Effectiveness of the QWERTY v DVORAK
• Some dispute findings but most accept– DVORAK 33% fewer errors– Guinness Book of World Records
• 212 words a minute with DVORAK
– 30 times less stressful to hands– Ergonomically superior – Alternate hands – 70% of the keys used are on one row
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Why QWERTY over DVORAK?
• QWERTY was more effective for typewriters
• Why was it not adopted once technology advanced?
– We already know what we are doing.
– We have been doing this for so long.
– It works the way we are doing it.
– It is too expensive to change.
– It will take too much to relearn what I am doing.
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Goal of Assessment
• To capture a true picture of the person we are working with regarding his or her strengths, areas of general need, crime producing factors, and support networks
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Creating a True PictureCriminogenic
Needs Specialized Population
Need Specific Assessments
Structured Professional
Judgment
Environment
Social Support
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Criminogenic Needs
• Assess offenders using a valid instrument for the purpose of gathering a composite risk score/level
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The Utility of the ORAS
• Broad measure of criminogenic needs– Overall risk level
• “Red Flags” for domain specific needs– Low– Moderate– High
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Use a Valid Risk Assessment Instrument to Predict Recidivism
Clinical Judgement Risk Assessment0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
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Specialized Populations
• Sexual offenders• Domestic Violence• Operating Motor Vehicle while
Intoxicated• Violent offenders• Women offenders• Veteran offenders
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Assessing Specialized Populations
• Consider general risk• Concentrate on areas that are
problematic for that type of offender• Remember, composite risk score relates
to the overall likelihood
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Who Is More Likely to Reoffend?
• 1st time DUI• Drinking at a bar with friends• Crossed the double yellow line• .12 BA• Employed• Has a driver’s license• States “The cop was just doing
their job”• “It is not ok to drink and drive”• Family that supports sober
lifestyle
• 1st time DUI• Drinking at a bar with friends• Crossed the double yellow line• .12 BA• Unemployed• Driving w/o a license• States “The cop was out to get
me”• Everyone gets one DUI• Family who engages in alcohol
use on a regular basis
15
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DUIs/OMVIs
• Not highly related to how much you drink
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DUI/OMVI-Multiple DUIs
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Two Typologies of DUIs
• Problem drinkers who drive
• Problem drivers who drink
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Offender Types
• Sexual offender assessments– Rapid Risk Assessment of Sex Offense
Recidivism (RRASOR)– Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool
(MnSOST-R)– Static-2002R– Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide
(SORAG)
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Violent/Anger
• HCR-20• Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG)• Hostile Interpretation Questionnaire
(HIQ)• Hostility Inventory
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Domestic Violence
• Spousal Assault Risk Assessment• Danger Assessment
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Individualized Needs within Each Domain
Domain
Targets for Change
Individual Needs
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Domain Areas
Offender Types
Education, Employment,
and Education
Family and Social
Support
Substance Use
Peer Associations
Attitudes, Values, and
Beliefs
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Targets for Change
• Education
• Employment
• Financial Situation
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Family and Social Support
• Family of origin
• Current family
• Community support networks
• Housing
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Substance Abuse
• Alcohol
• Drugs
– Type of drugs
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Substance Abuse
Issue with peers?
Physiologically Addicted?
Poor emotional regulation?
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Peers
• Prosocial networks
• Antisocial networks
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Criminal Attitudes and Behavior Problems
• Prosocial/Antisocial Attitudes
• Empathy/Compassion
• Aggressiveness
• Risk Taking
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NEED SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS
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Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs
• Criminal Sentiments Scale-M• Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness,
& Suitability• Jesness Inventory• Navaco Anger Scale and Provocation
Inventory
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Drug/Alcohol
• Addiction Severity Index• Adult Substance Use Survey• Alcohol use disorders identification test• Level of Care Utilization System
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Mental Health
• Brief Jail Mental Health Screen• Diagnostic Interview Schedule IV• MMPI-2• Personality Assessment Inventory• Traumatic Symptom Inventory
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Family
• Ecomap• Genogram• Norbeck social Support Questionnaire
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Education/Employment
• Adult Basic Learning Examination• Basic English Skills Test• Burns/Roe Informal Reading Inventory• Slossom Oral Reading Test• Tests of adult Basic Education
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Professional Judgment
• Within each target—why is this an issue of this individual?
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Environment
• How does the environment the person interacts within help, hurt, have no impact?
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Social Support
• What resources does this person have or is available that can be leveraged to meet his/her needs?
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Assessment
• On-going process– The more we know, the more we can tailor
our interventions
– One level of assessment is not enough