species change over time
DESCRIPTION
Species Change Over Time. Lamarck. Darwin. Who thought this?. There is VARIATION within a species DARWIN Organisms can make a change to themselves and pass that onto their offspring LAMARCK Change within a population, not an individual DARWIN Natural Selection DARWIN. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Species Change Over Time
Lamarck Darwin
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Who thought this? There is VARIATION within a
species DARWIN
Organisms can make a change to themselves and pass that onto their offspring LAMARCK
Change within a population, not an individual DARWIN
Natural Selection DARWIN
Acquired Characteristics LAMARCK
Organisms change over time. BOTH
Species cannot go extinct Lamarck
Whose idea is still believed by the scientific community today Darwin
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Adaptations Over Time
Chapter 12 Pages 334-341
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Review of Important Terms to Know
Traits-characteristics of a species that are passed from parent to offspring.
Offspring- the scientific name for “babies” of an organism
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SpeciesSpecies- a group
similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring
Fertile- the ability to reproduce
~8.7 Million Species Worldwide!
Animals: 7.77 million Fungi: 0.61 million Plants: 0.30 million Protozoa: 0.04 million Chromists: 0.03
million
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VariationVariation- any
inherited difference between members of the same species
Ex: albino squirrel, the ability for baby turtles to swim faster, a longer neck, wider nostrils, thicker fur…
Forsten’s Tortoise
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What Causes Variation? SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Variations result from
permanent changes in an organism’s genes.
The permanent changes in the genes are called MUTATIONS.
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American Alligator with a pigment mutation
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Mutations…Good or Bad???
Mutations can be either beneficial, harmful or neutral.
Some gene changes produce LARGE variations. Ex: Albino squirrel
Some gene changes produce small variations Ex: shape of human
hairlines
“People don't realize it, but everyone has about 60 genetic mutations in their body at any given time. (Tudge, Colin)”
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King Cheetah Pattern Mutation “A genetic mutation
changes a spotted cheetah pattern to a striped king cheetah pattern.”
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Adaptation Adaptation- a variation
(or trait) that helps an organism survive & reproduce
Adaptations can be behavioral or physical.
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AdaptationsBEHAVIORAL
The way an organism acts or behaves
Migration Hibernation Communication Mating dances
PHYSICAL Body structures
Camouflage Shapes of beaks Fur Blubber Color or Markings Webbed-feet Body coverings
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4 Principles of Natural Selection
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Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Natural Selection- individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive & reproduce than other members of the same species
Also known as “Survival of the Fittest”
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Overproduction 1) Overproduction-
producing more offspring than can survive
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Overproduction
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Competition2) Competition-
individuals compete for food, nesting sites, territory, & other resources that affect their ability to reproduce
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Variation3) Variations- a
difference between members of same species that may help it survive and reproduce
Some are born with an advantage over the others!
Ex: beak shape, eyesight, height, speed…
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Selection 4) Selection- over time,
the environment “selects” organisms w/ helpful traits to be parents of next generation
Ex: Just as the changing forest affected the peppered moths.
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WRAP UP
Over a long period of time, natural selection can lead to the evolving of a new species. Helpful variations remain & unfavorable ones disappear
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Factors that Affect Natural Selection
1) Overproduction- producing more offspring than can survive
2) Competition- offspring compete for food & other resources
3) Variations- a difference between members of same species that may help it survive
4) Selection- over time, the environment “selects” organisms w/ helpful traits to be parents of next generation
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Do Now: Bear Trio! In your journal answer
the following questions.
What differences do you notice among the three bears?
What did Darwin call these differences?
What causes these differences among organisms?
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Line Graphs Which day were the most
cookies sold? What is the title of
graph? What day were 20
cookies sold? About how many cookies
were sold on Tuesday?