splash screen section 1-5 a new era in politics click the mouse button or press the space bar to...

Splash Screen

Section 1-5

A New Era in Politics

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

• In the early 1800s, many states eliminated property ownership as a qualification for ____________.

• As a result, many more _______________ gained

the right to vote. • At the same time, the number of urban

_______________ who did not own property increased.

• As _______________, they demanded voting rights.

(pages 266–268)(pages 266–268)

Section 1-6

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• In the 1828 election, many of these voters elected Andrew Jackson as _______________.

• By this time, _______________ had changed a great deal.

• There were many more _____________states.

• Average citizens had taken an interest in _______________ because they realized it did affect them.

• Election 1828 was the first large _______________ of ordinary people.

A New Era in Politics (cont.)

(pages 266–268)(pages 266–268)

Section 1-6


• _______________ : Adams vs. Jackson.

• Even more _______________ this time.

• Adams was accused of _______________ off the government.

• Jackson was accused of being immoral because his wife _______________ had been married before (accused of having an affair before the divorce).

• Final count gave Jackson _______________ for a victory!


(pages 266–268)(pages 266–268)

Section 1-6


• President Andrew Jackson.

• President Jackson believed in the participation of the _______________ citizen in government.

• He supported the _______________ _______________, the practice of appointing people to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support.

• _______________ man / semi-educated.

• Evolved into a _______________.

• More than anything, he was a true __________.


(pages 266–268)(pages 266–268)

Section 1-7


• He believed that this practice extended democracy and opened up the _______________

to average citizens.

• To make the political system more democratic, President Jackson supported a new way in which presidential _______________ were chosen.

• At that time, they were chosen through the _______________ _______________, in which congressional party members would choose the nominee.


(pages 266–268)(pages 266–268)

Section 1-8


• Jackson’s supporters replaced this system with the national _______________

convention.

• Under this system, delegates from the states met at conventions to choose the party’s _______________ nominee.


(pages 266–268)(pages 266–268)

Section 1-10


Jackson’s Battles• Andrew Jackson faced off in many battles

during his _______________.

• The _______________ Crisis.

• The _______________.

• Tension with Vice President _____________.

• The _______________ Issue.

• The _______________ War

• Controversy in the _______________.

(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-10


The Nullification Crisis• In the early 1800s, South Carolina’s

economy was _______________, and many people blamed the nation’s tariffs.

• South Carolina purchased most of its _______________ goods from England, and the high tariffs made these goods expensive.

• When Congress levied a new tariff in 1828–called the _______________ _______________

by critics–South Carolina threatened to secede, or withdraw, from the Union.

(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-11


• John C. Calhoun, the nation’s vice president, was torn between supporting the nation’s policies and supporting fellow _______________ _______________.

• In 1828, he wrote The South Carolina _______________ and _______________.

• In this, he reiterated the belief that the Union was a “_____________” among states.

• He said one state should never benefit at the _______________ of another.

• He promoted “_______________ rights.”

The Nullification Crisis (cont.)

(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-11


• John C. Calhoun, the nation’s vice president, was torn between supporting the nation’s policies and supporting fellow South Carolinians.

• Instead of supporting secession, he proposed the idea of _______________.

• The idea argued that because states had created the _______________, they had the right to declare a federal law null, or not valid.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-11


• John C. Calhoun, the nation’s vice president, was torn between supporting the nation’s policies and supporting fellow South Carolinians.

• When President Jackson came to office, he did nothing about the _______________ _______________.

• This angered V.P. John _______________.

• This brought on _______________ between the president and the vice president.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-11


• Growing tension between Jackson and Calhoun got worse on April 13, 1830 at the _______________ Day Dinner.

• Organized by _______________ and supporters of states’ rights.

• The _______________ and his cabinet were invited to attend.

• Up until now, Jackson had kept his _______________ attitude very quiet.

President vs. Vice President

(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-11


• Growing tension between Jackson and Calhoun got worse on April 13, 1830 at the _______________ _______________ Dinner.

• He and his buddy Martin Van Buren thought this to be a great opportunity to promote _______________.

• At the dinner, _____ toasts were made promoting states’ rights.

• Then it was the _______________ turn.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-11


• Growing tension between Jackson and Calhoun got worse on April 13, 1830 at the Jefferson Day Dinner.

• Jackson’s toast: “_______________

_______________, it must be preserved.”

• Calhoun quickly jumped to his feet and said, “Our Union, next to _______________

_______________, must be preserved.”

• After this, the Jackson / Calhoun relationship _______________ even more.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-12


• The issue of nullification erupted again in 1830 in a debate between Senator _______________ _______________ of South Carolina and Senator _______________ _______________ of Massachusetts on the Senate floor.

• Hayne defended _______________ rights, while Webster defended the _______________.

• President Jackson defended the _______________.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-13


• After Congress passed another tariff law in 1832, South Carolina called a special convention, which declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 _______________.

• SC said no tariff would be collected in her state after _______________ _______________, 1833.

• A South Carolina convention chose a new states’ right governor and chose _______________ _______________ as U.S. Senator.

• Calhoun _______________ as vice president and took his senate seat representing S.C.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-13


• After Congress passed another tariff law in 1832, South Carolina called a special convention, which declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional.

• Jackson considered the declaration an act of _______________, and he sent a _______________ to Charleston.

• Congress passed the _______________

_______________, authorizing the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-14

• After Senator Henry Clay pushed through a _______________ that would lower tariffs within two years, South Carolina _______________ its nullification of the tariff law.

• It also helped that South Carolina was the only state _______________ nullification and _______________ at this point.


(pages 268–269)(pages 268–269)

Section 1-16


Policies Toward Native Americans• President Jackson supported the idea of

moving all Native Americans to the _______________

• In 1830 he supported the passage of the _______________ ______________ Act, which allocated funds to relocate Native Americans.

• Although most Native Americans resettled in the _______________, the Cherokee of Georgia refused.

• They sued the state, and the case reached the _______________ _______________.

(pages 269–270)(pages 269–270)

Section 1-17


• In Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled for the _______________

and ordered the state to honor their property rights.

• President Jackson _______________ to support the decision.

• His reaction: “John Marshall has made his decision, now _______________ ____________.”

• Jackson was really showing his _______________ colors.

Policies Toward Native Americans (cont.)

(pages 269–270)(pages 269–270)

Section 1-18


• Thousands of Cherokee died on the journey that became known as the _______________ _______________.

• Although most Americans supported the removal policy, some National Republicans and a few religious _______________ condemned it.

(pages 269–270)(pages 269–270)

Policies Toward Native Americans (cont.)

Section 1-20


Jackson Battles the National Bank• President Andrew Jackson opposed

the _______________ Bank of the United States, regarding it as a benefit only to the _______________.

• At the time, the Bank was instrumental in keeping the nation’s _______________

_______________ stable.

• The Bank _______________ state banks from loaning too much money by asking the state banks to redeem bank notes for gold and silver.

(pages 270–271)(pages 270–271)

Section 1-21


Jackson Battles the National Bank (cont.)

• This helped keep _______________ in check.

• Many _______________ settlers who needed easy credit opposed the Bank’s policies.

• President Jackson believed the Bank was _______________, even though the Supreme Court ruled otherwise.

• President Jackson _______________ a bill that would extend the charter of the Bank for another _____ years.

(pages 270–271)(pages 270–271)

Section 1-22


Jackson Battles the National Bank (cont.)

• During the 1832 presidential election, President Jackson _______________ the Bank.

• Most Americans supported Jackson. Jackson viewed their support as a directive to _______________ the Bank.

• He removed the _______________ deposits from the Bank, forcing it to call in its loans and stop lending.

(pages 270–271)(pages 270–271)

Section 1-24

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.


Election of 1836• In 1836, Jackson chose _____________to run.

• With Jackson’s urging, Democrats nominated _______________ _______________.

• Van Buren was _______________ and _______________.

• With Jackson’s popularity high, his _______________ went a long way.

• Van Buren easily defeated _______________

others.

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-24



President Van Buren• Many challenges.

• By 1837, _______________ began closing.• _______________ systems were collapsing.

• Businesses were going _______________.

• People were losing _____________ accounts.• _______________ % had lost their job.

• This became known as the _______________

of 1837.

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-24



A New Party Emerges• By the mid-1830s, a new political party

called the _______________ formed to oppose President Jackson.

• Many members were former National Republicans, whose _______________ had fallen apart.

• Unlike Jackson’s Democrats, Whigs advocated _______________ the federal government and encouraging _______________ development.

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-27


• In the 1840 election, Whigs saw an opportunity to unseat the _______________

president.

• The party nominated General William Henry Harrison for _______________ and John Tyler, a former Democrat, for _______________

_______________.

A New Party Emerges (cont.)

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-27


• Whigs came out stronger than ever.

Martin Van Buren, _______________

• _______________ for economic panic.

• Portrayed as luxury-loving, _______________

_______________, aristocrat.

• Described as “out of touch with the _______________ people.”

The Election of 1840

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-27


• Whigs came out stronger than ever.

William Henry Harrison, Whig

• War Hero from Battle of _______________ .

• Chose former Democrat _______________

_______________ as his running mate.

• Slogan was “_______________ and Tyler Too!”

• He was viewed as the “_______________ man’s candidate.”

The Election of 1840

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-27


• With Harrison being ____ years old, there were questions about his ability to serve.

To prove that his age would not interfere with his work, he delivered his inaugural speech in a Washington _______________.

As a result, Harrison came down with _______________ and _______________ a month later.

Serving only _______________ month, Harrison served the _______________ term as president.

President Harrison

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-27


• Vice President John Tyler became president upon Harrison’s death.

Tyler was not _____% sold on Whig policies.

Tyler was not a _______________ man in the eyes of most Whigs.

Tyler’s challenges: _______________ National Bank, the tariff, problems with Britain, and _______________ _______________ inside or outside his party.

President Tyler

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-28

• The _______________ _______________ _______________

established a firm boundary between the United States and Canada from Maine to Minnesota.

A New Party Emerges (cont.)

(pages 271–272)(pages 271–272)

Section 1-30

Checking for Understanding

__ 1. to leave or withdraw

__ 2. theory that states have the right to declare a federal law invalid

__ 3. practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

__ 4. a system in which members of a political party meet to choose their party’s candidate for president or decide policy

A. spoils system

B. caucus system

C. secede

D. nullification

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.


Section 2-4


The New Wave of Immigrants


• The United States experienced a massive influx of __________ between 1815 and 1860.

• They arrived for _______________ and _______________ reasons.

• The largest groups of immigrants, almost ______________, came from Ireland.

• They were driven out because of widespread famine in 1845, when a fungus destroyed the _______________ _______.

(pages 273–275)(pages 273–275)

Section 2-5

• The _______________ generally settled in the Northeast and worked as unskilled laborers.

• The second largest group of immigrants was the _______________, who settled in the Midwest, where they started farms and businesses.

• The presence of people from different _______________, _______________, and religions brought about feelings of _______________, or hostility toward foreigners, among many Americans.

The New Wave of Immigrants (cont.)


(pages 273–275)(pages 273–275)

Section 2-6

• Anti-Catholic sentiments towards the many Catholic immigrants led to the rise of _______________ groups.

• The groups pushed for laws banning _______________ and Catholics from holding public office.

• Delegates from the various groups formed the _______________ Party.

• Membership in the party was secret. When questioned, members were obliged to answer, “_______________ _______________.” As a result, the party was nicknamed the _______________.

The New Wave of Immigrants (cont.)


(pages 273–275)(pages 273–275)

Section 2-8

A Religious Revival


• Religious leaders organized to revive the nation’s commitment to religion in a movement known as the _______________

_______________ _______________.

• This movement promoted the belief that all people could attain _______________

by readmitting God and Christ into their lives.

• An important advocate of this movement was _______________ _______________

_______________, who helped found modern revivalism.

(pages 275–276)(pages 275–276)

Section 2-9

• A number of new religious _______________

emerged from the new religious revival.

• These included the Unitarians and the Universalists.

• _______________ ____________, a New Englander, founded the Church of Jesus Christ of _______________ _______________, whose followers are known as Mormons.

• After being harassed in New England, the Mormons moved _______________ and settled in _______________.


A Religious Revival (cont.)

(pages 275–276)(pages 275–276)

Section 2-10

• _______________ _______________ became the leader of the church after Smith was murdered. The Mormons then moved to the _______________ territory.

A Religious Revival (cont.)

(pages 275–276)(pages 275–276)

Section 2-12

A Literary Renaissance


• Many writers and thinkers of the day adopted the tenets of a movement known as _______________.

• This movement advocated feeling over reason and individuals above society. ______________________________ was an expression of romanticism.

• The philosophy urged people to _______________ the limits of their mind and let their _______________ embrace the beauty of the universe.

(pages 276–277)(pages 276–277)

Section 2-13

• Some influential transcendentalist writers included Ralph Waldo _______________ and Henry David _______________.

• Thoreau believed that individuals should fight the pressure to _______________.

• Other writers created works that were _______________ American.

• They included Washington _______________, James Fenimore _______________, Nathaniel _______________, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan _______________, and Emily _______________.

A Literary Renaissance (cont.)


(pages 276–277)(pages 276–277)

Section 2-14

• The early 1800s saw the rise of mass _______________.

• Before the 1800s, most newspapers catered to _______________ _____________ readers.

• As more Americans learned to read and write, and more men gained the right to _______________, publishers began producing inexpensive newspapers that included the news that people wanted to know.

• General interest magazines, such as _______________ _______________, also emerged.


A Literary Renaissance (cont.)

(pages 276–277)(pages 276–277)

Section 2-16

Utopian Communities


• _______________ about human nature and the rise of religious and artistic movements led some people to form new communities.

• The people who formed these communities believed that the way to a better life and freedom from corruption was to separate themselves from society to form their own ___________, or ideal society.

• The communities were characterized by _______________ living and the _______________ of private property.

(page 277)(page 277)

Section 2-17

• Utopian communities included _______________

_______________ in Massachusetts and small communities established throughout the country by a religious group called the _______________.

Utopian Communities (cont.)

(page 277)(page 277)

Section 2-19


__ 1. a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement in the 1700s emphasizing the imagination and the emotions, advocating feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external ruse, the individual above society, and nature over environments created by humans

__ 2. community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers

A. nativism

B. romanticism

C. transcendentalism

D. utopia




Section 2-20


__ 3. hostility toward immigrants

__ 4. a philosophy stressing the relationship between human beings and nature, spiritual things over material things, and the importance of the individual conscience

A. nativism

B. romanticism

C. transcendentalism

D. utopia




Section 3-5

The Reform Spirit


• In the mid-1800s, many Americans worked to reform various aspects of society.

• _______________ _______________ worked for improved treatment of the mentally ill.

• _______________ _______________was instrumental in establishing associations known as benevolent societies.

• Although first started to spread God’s teaching, these societies also sought to combat _______________ _______________.

(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

Section 3-6

• Many reformers argued that the excessive use of _______________ was one of the major causes of crime and poverty.

• These reformers advocated _______________, or moderation in the consumption of alcohol.

• Several temperance groups joined together in 1833 to form the _______________

_______________.

• Temperance groups also pushed for laws to prohibit the sale of _______________.

The Reform Spirit (cont.)


(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

Section 3-7

• Some reformers focused on improving _______________ conditions in the nation.

• Many states began building new prisons, which they called _______________, that tried to rehabilitate prisoners.

• _______________ _______________ focused on education reform.

• Mann pushed for more public education and backed the creation of a state board of education in _______________.



(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

Section 3-8

• In 1852 Massachusetts passed the first mandatory school _______________ law.

• At the same time, many reformers pushed for the _______________ of tax-supported public elementary schools.

• Education _______________ generally had men, not women, in mind.

• During the 1850s, however, some women worked to create more educational opportunities for _______________.



(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

Section 3-9

• _______________ _______________ founded a girls’ boarding school that taught academic subjects, which were rarely taught to women then.

• _______________ _______________ founded the first institution of higher education for women only.



(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

Section 3-11

The Early Women’s Movement


• In the 1800s, people began dividing their life between the home and the _______________. Men generally went to _______________, while women took care of the house and children.

• Most people at that time believed that _______________ was the proper place for women.

• Many women saw themselves as _______________ with their husbands, and as such believed that they should be treated _______________.

(pages 281–282)(pages 281–282)

Section 3-12

• Many women began to believe that they had an important role to improve _______________.

• Some began to argue that they needed greater _______________ to promote their roles.

• Other women also argued that equal rights for men and women would end many social _______________.

The Early Women’s Movement (cont.)


(pages 281–282)(pages 281–282)

Section 3-13

• In 1848 _______________ _______________ and _______________ _______________ _______________

organized the Seneca Falls Convention, a meeting to focus on equal rights for women and one that marked the _______________ of the women’s movement.

• Throughout the 1850s, women organized more conventions to promote greater _______________ for women.


The Early Women’s Movement (cont.)

(pages 281–282)(pages 281–282)

Section 3-16


__ 1. prison whose purpose is to reform prisoners

__ 2. an association focusing on spreading the word of God and combating social problems

__ 3. moderation in or abstinence from alcohol

A. benevolent society

B. temperance

C. penitentiary




Section 4-5

Anti-slavery v. Abolitionism


• Anti-Slavery

• Slavery has a _______________ effect on American life.

• Slavery is an outdated _______________ of labor.

• Slavery not consistent with _______________.• _______________ is acceptable.

• Eliminate slavery _______________.

(pages 284–285)(pages 284–285)

Section 4-5

Anti-slavery v. Abolitionism


• Abolitionism

• Committed to freeing _______________ ____________.

• Slavery is _______________.

• Slavery is not consistent with _______________.• _______________ is NOT ENOUGH!

• Abolish slavery _______________!

• Unorganized; only made up about _____ of population at the time period.

(pages 284–285)(pages 284–285)

Section 4-5

Early Opposition to Slavery


• The movement to end slavery polarized the nation and contributed to the _______________.

• Many Americans opposed slavery, but they _______________ on ways to end it.

• Some antislavery societies supported an approach known as _______________. They called for a gradual end to slavery.

• Some antislavery societies believed that ending slavery would not end racism. They believed that the best solution was to send African Americans _______________

_______________ _______________. (pages 284–285)(pages 284–285)

Section 4-6

• The _______________ _______________

_______________(ACS) was formed to move African Americans to Africa.

• The ACS acquired land in West Africa, chartered ships, and moved some free African Americans to a colony that eventually became the nation of _______________.

• Colonization was not a _______________

solution. The _______________ of transporting was high.

Early Opposition to Slavery (cont.)


(pages 284–285)(pages 284–285)

Section 4-7

• Also, most African Americans regarded the United States as their _______________ and had _______________ _______________ to migrate to another continent.

Early Opposition to Slavery (cont.)

(pages 284–285)(pages 284–285)

Section 4-9

The New Abolitionists


• In the 1830s, the idea of _______________

began to take hold.

• Abolitionists argued that enslaved Africans should be freed _______________.

• The development of a large national abolitionist movement was largely due to the work of _______________ _______________.

• He founded the _______________, an antislavery newspaper that advocated _______________, or the freeing of all enslaved people.

(pages 285–287)(pages 285–287)

Section 4-10

• With an increasing following, he founded the _______________ _______________ _______________ in 1833.

• Free African Americans also played a prominent role in the _______________

movement. • The most prominent was _______________

_______________, who published his own antislavery newspaper, the North Star.

• _______________ _______________ was another important African American abolitionist.

The New Abolitionists (cont.)


(pages 285–287)(pages 285–287)

Section 4-10

• The _______________ sisters were also famed abolitionists.

• Angelina and Sarah Grimke, daughters of a South Carolina _______________ _______________, disagreed with slavery.

• They left their father’s ______________as result.

• They wrote a book persuading other Southern women to revolt against _______________.

• Their lectures drew big _______________.



(pages 285–287)(pages 285–287)

Section 4-10

• In 1837, the abolition movement got itself a _______________.

• _______________ _______________, editor of the St. Louis Observer.

• He was more anti-slavery, but he was viewed as an _______________ by many readers for his opinions.

• St. Louis passed laws _______________ him, so he moved to the _______________ state of Illinois.



(pages 285–287)(pages 285–287)

Section 4-10

• In 1837, the abolition movement got itself a martyr.

• When he began publicly criticizing slavery, his press was _______________.

• He replaced the press only to have it destroyed _______________ more times.

• He never even used the _______________ press.

• He placed his _______________ press under guard.



(pages 285–287)(pages 285–287)

Section 4-10

• In 1837, the abolition movement got itself a martyr.

• A _______________ gathered and shots were fired.

• The building was set on _______________ ire.

• Lovejoy himself was _______________ to death (in a free state).

• In his own eyes, Lovejoy died defending free _______________, but the _______________ movement adopted him as well.

• J.Q. Adams: “an _______________ that will shake America.”



(pages 285–287)(pages 285–287)

Section 4-12

The Response to Abolitionism


• Many Northerners, even those who disapproved of slavery, opposed extreme _______________, viewing it as a threat to the existing social system.

• Many warned that it would produce conflict between the North & South.

• Others feared a possible huge __________

of African Americans to the North.

• Still others feared that abolition would _______________ the Southern economy, and thereby affect their own economy.

(pages 287–288)(pages 287–288)

Section 4-13

Southern Justification for Slavery.

• _______________ justification (old and new testament refers to slavery).

• Means of _______________ control (blacks and white cannot live together; controls social unrest).

• Fear of _______________ _______________(blacks would rape white women without slavery).

• Racial _______________(blacks are inferior to whites).



(pages 287–288)(pages 287–288)

(cont.)

Section 4-13

Southern Justification for Slavery.

THE BEST DEFENSE OF SLAVERY:

• Wage Slavery

Said Northern factory workers were slaves with a _______________.

Southern slaves were provided _______________, _______________, and _____________.

Northern “wage slaves” had to “fend for themselves” with little _______________ in dangerous working _______________.



(pages 287–288)(pages 287–288)

(cont.)

Section 4-14

• In 1831 _______________ led a revolt by enslaved people that killed more than 50 Virginians.

• Southerners suppressed the circulation of the _______________, and other abolitionist publications.

• Southern postal workers refused to deliver such publications, and the House of Representatives, under pressure from the South, shelved all _______________

petitions.



(pages 287–288)(pages 287–288)

(cont.)

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