Sponges

http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/Cozapr07/sponges2.jpg

http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/presskit/mb/09white_sponges_dss.jpg

Some Classes of SpongesGlass spongesDemospongesCalcareous sponge

http://www.naturalsciences.org/microsites/education/deepsea/images/glass_sponge.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Barrel6.jpg/250px-Barrel6.jpg /www.aquaticvideo.com/

reef_creatures_web/pages/tunicate-or-sponge-1_jpg.htm&usg

http://scienceblogs.com/deepseanews/upload/2007/07/SpongeBob-standup.jpg

Body Cavity+ SymmetryNo organs, multicellular, and lacks true

tissueWater is drawn though the sponge though the

spongocoel and then water flows out of a bigger opening called the osculum.

Consists of 2 layers of cells separated by mesohyl which is made from a gelatinous substance.

Amoebcytes- cells wandering around the mesohyl with psuedopodia.

No Coelom(coelom is an air filled body cavity)No definite body symmetry- asymmetrical but

sometimes can have radial symmetry

Body SystemsNervous System- none

Reactions to stimuli are slow, localized and barely perceptible

Circulatory System- noneWater and food is circulated through the spongocoel Choanocytes- the feeding cells that line the

spongocoel. Have beating flagella that create a current thus drawing water through the porocytes

Porocytes-form channels to allow water to pass though the epidermis

Epidermis- outer layer made of tightly packed epithelial cells

Amoebocyte- digest and then transport nutrients into different cells, provides structure for the sponge – sharp spicules

http://www.biologyjunction.com/images/sponge3.gif

http://www.mbscientific.com/mediawiki/mediawiki-1.11.1/images/Sponge1.jpg

More body systemsDigestive System- none

Suspension feeders- trap particles that go through their inner channels of their bodies

Ingest food by phagocytosisAmoebocytes- psuedopodia, digest food, and

carry nutrients to other cellsExcretory System- none

The water flows out of the osculum

http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-sponge2.jpg

http://www.planula.com.au/wp-content/gallery/marine_articles_gallery/sponge_2.jpg

Reproductive SystemHermaphroditic- have both functions of male and

femaleThey are sequential hermaphroditesFirst one sex and then changing into the otherOr can be asexualGametes are made from choanocytes or amoebocytesEggs reside in mesophyl, but sperm are carried out

into the water by the water currentCross fertilization in mesohylFertilization occurs in the mesohyl, there the zygote

develops into a flaggelated swimming larvae. After settling on a substrate it becomes sessile adult

Locomotion +skeletal system + Gas ExchangeNo locomotionSponges are sessile (not able to move

around , attached at the base)

A hollow tube made of usually lime or silicon that contains lots of openings.

Have no sensory cells but will close if there is too much particulate matter in the water.

Also will close when touched

Gas Exchange + Extra info

Lack specialized organs or tissue for gas exchange

Take in gases from surrounding water

Sponges can produce various amounts of antibiotics that could potentially kill penicillin resistant viruses and bacteria.