spread formula reference - grapecityhelp.grapecity.com/spread/pdf/spformula.pdf · reference 1 1....

Formula Reference

Spread.NETproductsprovideextensivecalculationabilitythroughformulas.Withover450built-infunctions,standardformulaoperators,andtheabilitytocreatecustomfunctions,youcandefineandperformcalculationsforarangeofdatawithinanyofseveralsheetsinaspreadsheetcomponent.

Thisreferenceprovidesanintroductiontotheuseofformulasaswellasacompletelistofbuilt-infunctions.Thisdocumentationincludes:

FormulaOverviewFormulaFunctions

Formoreinformationonusingformulasincellsandcreatingcustomfunctions,refertotheproductDevelopersGuide.

Foracompletelistofdocumentation,returntotheproductdocumentationpage.

Spread Formula Reference 1

Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.

1 Table of Contents

FormulaReference 1

1. TableofContents 2-19

ContactingUs 20

GettingTechnicalSupport 21

FormulaOverview 22

WhatisaFormula? 23

SampleFormula 24

CellReferencesinaFormula 25

A1(Letter-Number)Notation 26

R1C1(Number-Number)Notation 27

RelativeandAbsolute 28

ScopeofCellReferences 29

SheetReferencesinaFormula 30-31

OperatorsinaFormula 32

OrderofPrecedence 33

UsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes 34

FunctionsinaFormula 35

CategoriesofFunctions 36

DatabaseFunctions 37

DateandTimeFunctions 38

EngineeringFunctions 39

ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions 40

FinancialFunctions 41

DayCountBasis 42

InformationFunctions 43

LogicalFunctions 44

LookupFunctions 45

MathandTrigonometryFunctions 46



StatisticalFunctions 47-48

TextFunctions 49

WebFunctions 50

OptionalArguments 51

MissingArguments 52

VolatileFunctions 53

ArrayFormulas 54

ArraysinaFormula 55

DynamicArrayFormulas 56

DataTypesinaFormula 57

CustomFunctionsinFormulas 58

CustomNamesinFormulas 59

ResultantErrorValues 60

FormulaFunctions 61-64

FunctionsAtoC 65

ABS 66

ACCRINT 67

ACCRINTM 68

ACOS 69

ACOSH 70

ACOT 71

ACOTH 72

ADDRESS 73

AGGREGATE 74-75

AMORDEGRC 76-77

AMORLINC 78

AND 79

ARABIC 80

AREAS 81

ASC 82



ASIN 83

ASINH 84

ATAN 85

ATAN2 86

ATANH 87

AVEDEV 88

AVERAGE 89

AVERAGEA 90

AVERAGEIF 91

AVERAGEIFS 92

BAHTTEXT 93

BASE 94

BESSELI 95

BESSELJ 96

BESSELK 97

BESSELY 98

BETA.DIST 99

BETA.INV 100

BETADIST 101

BETAINV 102

BIN2DEC 103

BIN2HEX 104

BIN2OCT 105

BINOM.DIST 106-107

BINOM.DIST.RANGE 108

BINOM.INV 109

BINOMDIST 110-111

BITAND 112

BITLSHIFT 113

BITOR 114



BITRSHIFT 115

BITXOR 116

CALL 117

CEILING 118

CEILING.MATH 119

CEILING.PRECISE 120

CELL 121-122

CHAR 123

CHIDIST 124

CHIINV 125

CHISQ.DIST 126

CHISQ.DIST.RT 127

CHISQ.INV 128

CHISQ.INV.RT 129

CHISQ.TEST 130

CHITEST 131

CHOOSE 132

CLEAN 133

CODE 134

COLUMN 135

COLUMNS 136

COMBIN 137

COMBINA 138

COMPLEX 139

CONCAT 140

CONCATENATE 141

CONFIDENCE 142

CONFIDENCE.NORM 143

CONFIDENCE.T 144



CONVERT 145-147

CORREL 148

COS 149

COSH 150

COT 151

COTH 152

COUNT 153

COUNTA 154

COUNTBLANK 155

COUNTIF 156

COUNTIFS 157

COUPDAYBS 158

COUPDAYS 159

COUPDAYSNC 160

COUPNCD 161

COUPNUM 162

COUPPCD 163

COVAR 164

COVARIANCE.P 165

COVARIANCE.S 166

CRITBINOM 167

CSC 168

CSCH 169

FunctionsDtoG 170

DATE 171

DATEDIF 172

DATEVALUE 173

DAVERAGE 174

DAY 175

DAYS 176



DAYS360 177-178

DB 179-180

DBCS 181

DCOUNT 182

DCOUNTA 183

DDB 184

DEC2BIN 185

DEC2HEX 186

DEC2OCT 187

DECIMAL 188

DEGREES 189

DELTA 190

DEVSQ 191

DGET 192

DISC 193

DMAX 194

DMIN 195

DOLLAR 196

DOLLARDE 197

DOLLARFR 198

DPRODUCT 199

DSTDEV 200

DSTDEVP 201

DSUM 202

DURATION 203

DVAR 204

DVARP 205

EDATE 206

EFFECT 207

ENCODEURL 208



EOMONTH 209

ERF 210-211

ERF.PRECISE 212

ERFC 213

ERFC.PRECISE 214

ERROR.TYPE 215

ERRORTYPE 216

EUROCONVERT 217-218

EVEN 219

EXACT 220

EXP 221

EXPON.DIST 222-223

EXPONDIST 224-225

F.DIST 226

F.DIST.RT 227

F.INV 228

F.INV.RT 229

F.TEST 230

FACT 231

FACTDOUBLE 232

FALSE 233

FDIST 234

FILTER 235-236

FILTERXML 237

FIND 238

FINDB 239

FINV 240

FISHER 241

FISHERINV 242



FIXED 243

FLOOR 244

FLOOR.MATH 245

FLOOR.PRECISE 246

FORECAST 247

FORECAST.LINEAR 248

FORMULATEXT 249

FREQUENCY 250

FTEST 251

FV 252

FVSCHEDULE 253

GAMMA 254

GAMMA.DIST 255

GAMMA.INV 256

GAMMADIST 257

GAMMAINV 258

GAMMALN 259

GAMMALN.PRECISE 260

GAUSS 261

GCD 262

GEOMEAN 263

GESTEP 264

GROWTH 265

FunctionsHtoL 266

HARMEAN 267

HEX2BIN 268

HEX2DEC 269

HEX2OCT 270

HLOOKUP 271

HOUR 272



HYPERLINK 273

HYPGEOM.DIST 274

HYPGEOMDIST 275

IF 276

IFERROR 277

IFNA 278

IFS 279

IMABS 280

IMAGINARY 281

IMARGUMENT 282

IMCONJUGATE 283

IMCOS 284

IMCOSH 285

IMCOT 286

IMCSC 287

IMCSCH 288

IMDIV 289

IMEXP 290

IMLN 291

IMLOG10 292

IMLOG2 293

IMPOWER 294

IMPRODUCT 295

IMREAL 296

IMSEC 297

IMSECH 298

IMSIN 299

IMSINH 300

IMSQRT 301

IMSUB 302



IMSUM 303

IMTAN 304

INDEX 305

INDIRECT 306

INFO 307

INT 308

INTERCEPT 309

INTRATE 310

IPMT 311

IRR 312-313

ISBLANK 314

ISERR 315

ISERROR 316

ISEVEN 317

ISFORMULA 318

ISLOGICAL 319

ISNA 320

ISNONTEXT 321

ISNUMBER 322

ISO.CEILING 323

ISODD 324

ISOWEEKNUM 325

ISPMT 326

ISREF 327

ISTEXT 328

JIS 329

KURT 330

LARGE 331

LCM 332



LEFT 333

LEFTB 334

LEN 335

LENB 336

LINEST 337

LN 338

LOG 339

LOG10 340

LOGEST 341

LOGINV 342

LOGNORM.DIST 343

LOGNORM.INV 344

LOGNORMDIST 345

LOOKUP 346-347

LOWER 348

FunctionsMtoQ 349

MATCH 350

MAX 351

MAXA 352

MAXIFS 353

MDETERM 354

MDURATION 355

MEDIAN 356

MID 357

MIDB 358

MIN 359

MINA 360

MINIFS 361

MINUTE 362

MINVERSE 363



MIRR 364

MMULT 365

MOD 366

MODE 367

MODE.MULT 368

MODE.SNGL 369

MONTH 370

MROUND 371

MULTINOMIAL 372

MUNIT 373

N 374

NA 375

NEGBINOM.DIST 376

NEGBINOMDIST 377

NETWORKDAYS 378

NETWORKDAYS.INTL 379-380

NOMINAL 381

NORM.DIST 382

NORM.INV 383

NORM.S.DIST 384

NORM.S.INV 385

NORMDIST 386

NORMINV 387

NORMSDIST 388

NORMSINV 389

NOT 390

NOW 391

NPER 392

NPV 393-394

NUMBERVALUE 395



OCT2BIN 396

OCT2DEC 397

OCT2HEX 398

ODD 399

ODDFPRICE 400

ODDFYIELD 401

ODDLPRICE 402

ODDLYIELD 403

OFFSET 404

OR 405

PDURATION 406

PEARSON 407

PERCENTILE 408

PERCENTILE.EXC 409

PERCENTILE.INC 410

PERCENTRANK 411

PERCENTRANK.EXC 412

PERCENTRANK.INC 413

PERMUT 414

PERMUTATIONA 415

PHI 416

PHONETIC 417

PI 418

PMT 419

POISSON 420-421

POISSON.DIST 422-423

POWER 424

PPMT 425

PRICE 426



PRICEDISC 427

PRICEMAT 428

PROB 429

PRODUCT 430

PROPER 431

PV 432

QUARTILE 433

QUARTILE.EXC 434

QUARTILE.INC 435

QUOTIENT 436

FunctionsRtoS 437

RADIANS 438

RAND 439

RANDARRAY 440-441

RANDBETWEEN 442

RANK 443

RANK.AVG 444

RANK.EQ 445

RATE 446

RECEIVED 447

REPLACE 448

REPLACEB 449

REPT 450

RIGHT 451

RIGHTB 452

ROMAN 453

ROUND 454

ROUNDDOWN 455

ROUNDUP 456

ROW 457



ROWS 458

RRI 459

RSQ 460

RTD 461

SEARCH 462

SEARCHB 463

SEC 464

SECH 465

SECOND 466

SERIESSUM 467

SEQUENCE 468

SHEET 469

SHEETS 470

SIGN 471

SIN 472

SINH 473

SINGLE 474

SKEW 475

SKEW.P 476

SLN 477

SLOPE 478

SMALL 479

SORT 480-482

SORTBY 483-484

SQRT 485

SQRTPI 486

STANDARDIZE 487

STDEV 488

STDEV.P 489

STDEV.S 490



STDEVA 491

STDEVP 492

STDEVPA 493

STEYX 494

SUBSTITUTE 495

SUBTOTAL 496-497

SUM 498-499

SUMIF 500

SUMIFS 501

SUMPRODUCT 502

SUMSQ 503

SUMX2MY2 504

SUMX2PY2 505

SUMXMY2 506

SWITCH 507

SYD 508

FunctionsTtoZ 509

T 510

T.DIST 511

T.DIST.2T 512

T.DIST.RT 513

T.INV 514

T.INV.2T 515

T.TEST 516

TAN 517

TANH 518

TBILLEQ 519

TBILLPRICE 520

TBILLYIELD 521



TDIST 522

TEXT 523

TEXTJOIN 524

TIME 525

TIMEVALUE 526

TINV 527

TODAY 528

TRANSPOSE 529

TREND 530

TRIM 531

TRIMMEAN 532

TRUE 533

TRUNC 534

TTEST 535

TYPE 536

UNICHAR 537

UNICODE 538

UNIQUE 539-540

UPPER 541

USDOLLAR 542

VALUE 543

VAR 544-545

VAR.P 546

VAR.S 547

VARA 548-549

VARP 550

VARPA 551-552

VDB 553

VLOOKUP 554

WEBSERVICE 555



WEEKDAY 556

WEEKNUM 557

WEIBULL 558

WEIBULL.DIST 559

WORKDAY 560

WORKDAY.INTL 561-562

XIRR 563

XNPV 564

XOR 565

YEAR 566

YEARFRAC 567

YIELD 568

YIELDDISC 569

YIELDMAT 570

Z.TEST 571

ZTEST 572

2. Index 573-585



Contacting Us

Ifyouwouldliketofindoutmoreaboutourproducts,contactourSalesdepartmentusingoneofthefollowingmethods:

Website: https://www.grapecity.com/

E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: (800)858-2739or(412)681-4343outsidetheU.S.A.

Fax: (412)681-4384



https://www.grapecity.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Getting Technical Support

Ifyouhaveatechnicalquestionaboutthisproduct,consultthefollowingsources:

Helpandotherdocumentationfilesinstalledwiththeproduct.Productforumathttps://www.grapecity.com/forums/#spreadVideosandotherinformationavailableontheWebsite.

Ifyoucannotfindtheanswerusingthesesources,pleasecontactTechnicalSupportusingoneofthesemethods:

Website: https://www.grapecity.com/forums

E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: (412)681-4738

Fax: (412)681-4384

TechnicalSupportisavailablebetweenthehoursof9:00a.m.and5:00p.m.Easterntime,MondaythroughFriday.



https://www.grapecity.com/forums/#spread

https://www.grapecity.com/forums

mailto:[email protected]

Formula Overview

FormulasinSpread.NETincludeoperatorsandfunctionsthatfollowcertainsyntaxrulesandallowyoutoperformarangeofcalculations.Thesetopicsintroducetheconceptsyouneedtomakefulluseofthebuilt-infunctionsandextensivecapabilityofformulas:

WhatisaFormula?CellReferencesinaFormulaSheetReferencesinaFormulaOperatorsinaFormulaFunctionsinaFormulaArrayFormulasArraysinaFormulaDynamicArrayFormulasDataTypesUsingFormulasCustomFunctionsinFormulasCustomNamesinFormulasResultantErrorValues

Foracompletereferenceofallthebuilt-infunctions,refertoFormulaFunctions.

ReturntotheFormulaReference.



What is a Formula?

Formulascanconsistofvalues,operators,andfunctions.Datacanbefromothercells,acombinationofdatainanothercellandhard-codeddata(forexample,A1+2),orsimplyhard-codeddata(forexample,SUM(4,5)).Formulascanperformmathematicaloperations,suchasadditionandmultiplication,onvaluesinothercellsortheycancomparevaluesinothercells.Formulascanrefertocellsinthesamesheetbytheirabsolutecelllocationorrelativetothecellwiththeformulainit;theycanrefertoindividualcellsorarangeofcontiguouscells.Ifthevaluesinthereferencedcellschange,thenthevalueoftheformulacellchanges.

Formulascanbemadeupof:

cellreferencesandcellranges(notationindicatingaddressofcellorcells)operators(thatactononeortwovalues)built-infunctions(predefinedformulas)oruser-definedfunctionsuser-definednames(forfunctions,constants,orcellreferences)constantsorarrayofconstants(valuesyouenterthatdonotchange)

SeetheSampleFormula.

ReturntotheFormulaOverview.



Sample Formula

UsetheSetFormulamethodintheColumn,Row,orCellclassforspecifyingtheformulaforacolumn,row,orindividualcellrespectively.UsetheSetArrayFormulamethodforanarrayformula.ReturningthevalueoftheFormulapropertyfortheseclassesprovidesastringcontainingthewrittenexpressionoftheformula,forexample,SUM(A1:B1).

IncodethesettingofaformulawouldlooksomethinglikethisinVisualBasic.NET(forillustrationpurposesonly):

FpSpread1.ActiveSheet.Cells(2,0).Formula="SUM(A1:A10)"

orsomethinglikethisinC#:

fpSpread1.ActiveSheet.Cells[2,0].Formula="SUM(A1:A10)";

andifaddedinthecellbytheenduser:

=SUM(A1:A10)

Inthisdocumentation,whereexamplesareshown,theformulaappearsas:

SUM(A1:A10)

or

SUM(3,4,5)givestheresult12

toexpressthattheresultoftheformulawoulddisplaythevalueof12inthecell.

Keepthesewaysofexpressingaformulainmindwhenlookingattheexamplesinthisdocumentation.RefertothespecificproductAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsontheFormulapropertyforthatproductandtheexactcodesyntaxtouse.RefertotheDevelopersGuideforthatproducttofindmoreexamplesanddiscussionofformulas.

ReturntotheWhatisaFormula?




Cell References in a Formula

Aformulacanrefertoconstantvaluesorcellreferences.Ifavalueinanyofthereferencedcellschanges,theresultoftheformulachanges.Ifyouuseconstantvaluesintheformulainsteadofreferencestothecells,theresultchangesonlyifyoumodifytheformula(orvaluesintheformula).

Ifanewrowisaddedrightbeforeorafteracellrangeinaformulathentherangedoesnotincludethenewrow.

Thistopicincludes:

A1(Letter-Number)NotationR1C1(Number-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute

Formoreinformationonsettingthereferencestyleforacell,refertotheReferenceStyleenumerationintheproduct’sAssemblyReference(orhelp)andtheReferenceStylepropertyforthespecificsheet(SheetViewobject).

Note:RememberthatalthoughmostofSpreaduseszero-basedreferencestorowsandcolumns,inthecreationofformulasyoumustuseone-basedreferences.Thecolumnandrownumbersstartatone(1),notzero(0).

Formoreinformationoncellreferencesthatincludesheetnames,refertoSheetReferencesinaFormula.




A1 (Letter-Number) Notation

Eachcellcanbereferencedbyacombinationofitscolumnletter(AthroughZ,thenAAtoZZ,AAAtoZZZ,etc.)andrownumber(1andbeyond)foratotalof2,147,483,648rowsandcolumns.Forexample,D50referstothecellattheintersectionofcolumnDandrow50.Torefertoarangeofcells,enterthereferenceforthecellintheupper-leftcorneroftherange,acolon(:),andthenthereferencetothecellinthelower-rightcorneroftherange.

Seealsothesetopics:

R1C1(Number-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute


ReturntoCellReferencesinaFormula



R1C1 (Number-Number) Notation

Eachcellcanbereferencedbyitsrowandcolumnnumberbyprecedingeachbytheletter"R"forrowandtheletter"C"forcolumn.ForexampleR1C3isthecellinthefirstrowandthirdcolumn.

A1CellRef.

R1C1CellRef.

Description

B12 R12C2 Cellinthesecondcolumn(columnB)andtwelfthrow(row12)

D14:D48 R14C4:R48C4 Therangeofcellsinthefourthcolumn(columnD)andinrows14through48

E16:H16 R16C5:R16C8 Therangeofcellsinthesixteenthrow(row16)inthefifththroughtheeighthcolumn(columnsEthroughH)

A25:E70 R25C1:R70C5 Therangeofcellsinthefirstfivecolumns(columnAthroughE)androws25through70

Seealsothesetopics:

A1(Letter-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute





Relative and Absolute

Arelativecellreferenceisareferencetoacellrelativetothepositionofthecellwiththeformula.Anabsolutereferenceisacellreferencethatalwaysreferstoacellbyitsexactlocationinthesheetandnotwithreferencetothepresentcell.

Relativereferencesautomaticallyadjustwhenyoucopythemandabsolutereferencesdonot.TheFpSpreadcontrolcanuseabsoluteorrelativecellreferences.YoucandefinethecellreferencestyleforeachsheetbyusingtheReferenceStyleproperty.Theformulaalsosupportsrangereferencesthatcontainbothabsoluteandrelativeroworcolumnreferences.Inotherwords,thestartandendrowsinarangereferencecanbesame(bothabsoluteorbothrelative)ordifferent(oneabsoluteandonerelativeorviceaversa).Thefollowingtablecontainsexamplesofvalidrelativecellreferencesinformulas:

Function DescriptionSUM(A1:A10) Sumsrows1through10inthefirstcolumn

PI()*C6 MultipliespitimesthevalueincellC6

(A1+B1)*C1 Addsthevaluesinthefirsttwocellsandmultipliestheresultbythevalueinthethirdcell

IF(A1>5,A1*2,A1*3)

ChecksifthecontentsofcellA1aregreaterthan5,andifso,multipliesthecontentsofcellA1by2,orelsemultipliesthecontentsofcellA1by3

ForA1(Letter-Number)Notation,useadollarsign($)precedingtheroworcolumn(orboth)toindicateanabsolutereference.Forexample

$A$1 absolutefirstcolumn,absolutefirstrow

$A1 absolutefirstcolumn,relativerowplusone

A$1 relativecolumnplusone,absolutefirstrow

A1 relativecolumnplusone,relativerowplusone

ForR1C1(Number-Number)Notation,usebrackets[]aroundtheroworcolumnnumber(orboth)toindicatearelativereference.Forexample

R1C1 absolutefirstrow,absolutefirstcolumn

R1C[1] absolutefirstrow,relativecolumnplusone

R[1]C1 relativerowplusone,absolutefirstcolumn

R[1]C[1] relativerowplusone,relativecolumnplusone

R[-1]C[-1] relativerowminusone,relativecolumnminusone

Inthisnotation,thenumberinsidethebracketsisanoffsetfromthecurrentcell.Thisnumbermaybeanegativeorpositiveintegerorzero.Leavingofftheoffsetentirelyisshorthandwayofindicatingazerooffset.So,

RC2isequivalenttoR[0]C2

R[3]CisequivalenttoR[3]C[0]

Seealsothesetopics:

A1(Letter-Number)NotationR1C1(Number-Number)Notation




Scope of Cell References

Referencestocellswithinasheetarehandledasdescribedinthisdocumentation.Whenacellisreferencedthatisbeyondthedimensionsofthesheet,thecellisstillevaluated,buttheresultisa#REF!errorvalue.Forexample,ifthesheethaslessthan20columnsandrows,thenthefunctionDDB(B20,1000,10,1)evaluatestoDDB(#REF!,1000,10,1),whichevaluatesto#REF!

Spread.NETdoesnotsupportExcel'sreferenceoperators(forexamplerange,intersection,union)informulas.However,Spread.NETdoessupportthe#NULL!constantinformulas.Itdoessupportreadingthe#NULL!valuefromExcelfiles.FormoreinformationaboutwhatissupportedonimportingfromandexportingtoExcel,refertotheImportandExportReferencefortheparticularSpreadproductyouareusing.




Sheet References in a Formula

Aformulacanhavereferencestocellsonthesamesheetortocellsonothersheets,aswellasrangesofcellsonsheets.

Intheexamplesshownbelow,weuseA1(Letter-Number)notationforthecellreference,butthesamewouldbevalidforR1C1(Number-Number)notation.Simplyprecedethecellreference,regardlessofthestyle,withthesheetnameasdescribedhere.

Formoreinformationoncellreferencesthatdonotincludesheetnames,refertoCellReferencesinaFormula.

Cross-SheetReferencing

Whenareferencetoacellincludesareferencetoacellonanothersheet,thisiscalledcross-sheetreferencing.

Anexampleofcross-sheetreferencinginaformulathatusestheadditionoperatorwouldbe:

(FirstRoundData!A2+SecondRoundData!A2)

wherethenameofonesheetis"FirstRoundData"andthenameofanothersheetis"SecondRoundData".Sheetnamesprecedethecellreferencewiththenameofthesheetfollowedbyanexclamationpoint(!).ThisformulacouldbeonanysheetintheSpreadsinceitexplicitlynamesthesheetsofeachofthecellsasoperands.ThisexampleaddsthevaluesinthecellA2ontwodifferentsheets.BymakingthesheetnameexplicitthereisnoconfusionastowhichcellA2ismeant.Ifyoudonotincludethesheetname,thecurrentsheet(inwhichtheformulaexists)isused.IftheformulaintheaboveexamplewasontheSecondRoundDatapage,thentheformulacouldbewrittenas:

(FirstRoundData!A2+A2)

Itmightbelessconfusingtoputthecellonthecurrentpagefirst,asin:

(A2+FirstRoundData!A2)

3-DReferencing

Whenareferencetoacellincludesthesamecelloracellrangeonmultiplesheets,thisiscalledthree-dimensionalreferencing.

Anexampleof3-DreferencinginaSUMformulathatusesthecellrangeonmultiplesheetsisdescribedbelow.

SUM(Sheet1:Sheet10!A1:A2)

wherethenameofonesheetis"Sheet1"andthenameofanothersheetis"Sheet10".ThisformulausesSUMfunctiontocreatea3-DreferencethatexecutesthesumoperationacrossmultiplesheetsviaaddingupthevaluesincellrangeA1:A2inallthesheetsthatliebetweeenSheet1toSheet10.

3-DReferencingcanbeextensivelyusedtoquicklycalculatedataacrossmultiplespreadsheetsthatpossessidenticalpatternandidenticaldatatype.

SheetNaming

Aslongasthesheetnameconformstonormalvariablenamerules(withthefirstcharacterbeingaletteroranunderscoreandtheremainingcharactersbeingletters,digits,orunderscores)thentheformulacanusejustthesheetnamefollowedbytheexclamationpoint.Otherwise,thesheetnameneedstobeenclosedinsinglequotes.Ifthesheetnameitselfcontainsasinglequote,thenusetwosinglequotesintheformula.Forexample,ifthenameofthesheetincludesasinglequote(orapostrophe)asinthesenamesforsalesofagivenmonth,thenareferencetothesheetwouldlooklikethisinaformula:

('November''sSales'!A2+'December''sSales'!A2)

withtwosinglequotes(orapostrophes)beforethes.Ifthesheetnamehasaspace,usesinglequotesaroundthesheetname.InthefollowingexamplethesheetnameisEastCoastSales.

('EastCoastSales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)



Ifyouhaveaquoteinthenameofthesheet,youneedtoaddthedelimiterthatisrequiredforthatlanguage.Forinstance,inC#,ifthesheetnameis"Zippy"Sales,wherethequotesarepartofthesheetname,aformulathatincludesareferencetothissheetmightlooklikethis:

('/"Zippy/"Sales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)

whereasinglequotessurroundstheentiresheetnameandthebackslash(/)delimiterprecedesthequotes.ForVisualBasic,youwouldusetwodoublequotecharactersasin:

('""Zippy""Sales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)

UsingRangesinSheetReferences

Forcross-sheetreferencingofarangeofcellsinanotherpage,precedetherangewiththesheetname.Forexample:

SUM(SecondRoundData!A2:A10)

ThisaddsthevaluesincellsA2toA10ofthesheetnamedSecondRoundData.Thereisnoreasontoincludethesheetnameinthesecondhalfoftherangereferencesincethecellsareonthesamesheet.Youcannotspecifytwodifferentsheetsinarange;arangeofcellsisonlyonaparticularsheet,notbetweensheets.




Operators in a Formula

Thefollowingtableliststheavailableoperators.Foreachoperator,anexampleisgivenofthesyntaxofusingaliteralvalueaswellasacellreference.Thetypeofvaluereturnedisgivenforeachtypeofoperator.

TypeofOperator ExampleSyntax ResultOperator Description Literal&Literal CellRef&Literal TypeReturned

BinaryOperators

+ Add 5+3 A1+3 double

– Subtract 5–3 A1–3 double

* Multiply 5*3 A1*3 double

/ Divide 5/3 A1/3 double

^ Exponent 5^3 A1^3 double

& Concatenate "F"&"p" A1&"p" string

= Equal A1<>3 boolean

<> NotEqual A1=3 boolean

< LessThan A1<3 boolean

> GreaterThan A1>3 boolean

<= LessThanOrEqual A1<=3 boolean

>= GreaterThanOrEqual A1>=3 boolean

UnaryOperators

- Negate -(5/3) -(A1/3) double

+ Plus +(5/3) +(A1/3) double

% Percent (5/3)% (A1/3)% double

Operatorsspecifythetypeofcalculationthatyouwanttoperformontheelementsofaformula.Mostoftheoperatorsreturndouble-precisionfloatingpointvaluesformathematicaloperationsandboolean(orlogical)valuesforcomparisonoperators.

InSpread,allarithmeticoperators(includingtheunary+)checktheirargumentsandreturna#VALUEerrorifanyoftheargumentsarestringsthatcannotbeconvertedtoanumber.Thisismathematicallycorrectbehaviorandcannotbeoverridden.Forexample,thethreeformulas+B5and0+B5and--B5shouldallproducethesameresultand,inSpread,theydo.

Becausemorethanoneoperatormaybeusedinaformula,sobesureyouunderstandtheOrderofPrecedence.

Themathematicaloperatorsandunaryoperatorsmayalsobeusedwithdate-timeandtime-spanvalues,assummarizedinUsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes.




Order of Precedence

Whenthereareseveraloperatorsinaformula,theformulaperformstheoperationsinaspecificorder.Theformulaisparsedfromlefttoright,accordingtoaspecificorderforeachoperatororfunctionintheformula.Youcanprioritizetheorderofoperationsbyusingparenthesesintheformula.

Ifyoucombineseveraloperatorsinasingleformula,theoperationsareperformedintheordershowninthefollowingtable.Unaryoperationsprecedebinaryoperations.Ifaformulacontainsoperatorswiththesameprecedence,theoperatorsareevaluatedfromlefttoright.Tochangetheorderofevaluation,enclosethepartoftheformulatobecalculatedfirstinparentheses;thishasthehighestprecedence.Wheretheorderofprecedenceisthesamefortwooperators,theformulaisevaluatedfromlefttoright.

OrderofPrecedencefromHighesttoLowest

Operator Descriptionlefttoright Direction

() Parentheses(forgrouping)

– Negate

+ Plus

% Percent

^ Exponent

*and/ MultiplyandDivide

+and- AddandSubtract

& Concatenate

=,<,>,<=,>=,<> Compare

ReturntoOperatorsinaFormula.




Using Operators with Dates and Times

Youcanuseseveraloftheoperatorswithdatesandtimesassummarizedhere:

Operator TypeofOperation Result

Plus +TimeSpan TimeSpan

Negate -TimeSpan TimeSpan

Add DateTime+TimeSpan DateTime

Add TimeSpan+DateTime DateTime

Add TimeSpan+TimeSpan TimeSpan

Subtract DateTime-DateTime TimeSpan

Subtract DateTime-TimeSpan DateTime

Subtract TimeSpan-TimeSpan DateTime

Thesameorderofprecedenceapplies,includinguseofparentheses,asdescribedinOrderofPrecedence.FormoreinformationaboutfunctionsthatuseandreturnDateTimeandTimeSpanobjects,refertoDateandTimeFunctions.

IfaDateTimeorTimeSpancalculationresultsinanexception(forexample,anOverflowException),theoperatorreturnsthe#NUM!error.

ReturntoOperatorsinaFormula.




Functions in a Formula

Functionsarecodesegmentsthatperformcalculationsbyusingspecificvalues,calledarguments,inaparticularorderthatcanbeusedinformulas.Forexample,theSUMfunctionaddsvaluesorrangesofcellsandthePMTfunctioncalculatestheloanpaymentsbasedonaninterestrate,thelengthoftheloan,andtheprincipalamountoftheloan.Functionsmaybeeitherbuilt-infunctionsthatcomewithSpreadoruser‑definedfunctionsthatyoucreate.

Argumentscanbenumbers,text,logicalvalues,arrays,cellranges,cellreferences,orerrorvalues.Thevalueyouuseforanargumentmustbevalidforthegivenfunction.Argumentscanalsobeconstants,formulas,orotherfunctions.Usingafunctionasanargumentforanotherfunctionisknownasnestingafunction.Someargumentsareoptional;thisreferencedisplays"[Optional]"beforethedescriptionoftheargumentforthoseargumentsthatarenotrequired.ThesearedescribedinOptionalArguments.

Thestructureofafunctionbeginswiththefunctionname,followedbyanopeningparenthesis,theargumentsforthefunctionseparatedbycommas,andaclosingparenthesis.Ifyouareenteringthefunctionintoacelldirectly,typeanequalsign(=)beforethefunctionname.Thefollowingtopicsdescribetheformulafunctionsavailable.Eachincludesanexample.Examplesthatprovideresultsgivedecimalvaluesfor10decimalplaces.

Othertopicsthatarerelevantinclude:

CategoriesofFunctionsOptionalArgumentsMissingArgumentsVolatileFunctions




Categories of Functions

Thesefunctionsarecategorizedintooneofthesefunctiontypes:

DatabaseFunctionsDateandTimeFunctionsEngineeringFunctionsFinancialFunctionsInformationFunctionsLogicalFunctionsLookupFunctionsMathandTrigonometryFunctionsStatisticalFunctionsTextFunctionsVolatileFunctionsWebFunctions

Foracompletelistoffunctions,listedalphabeticallybyname,refertoFormulaFunctions.

ReturntoFunctionsinaFormula.




Database Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetodatabaseandlistmanagementare:

DAVERAGE DCOUNT DCOUNTA DGET

DMAX DMIN DPRODUCT DSTDEV

DSTDEVP DSUM DVAR DVARP

Thesefunctionsapplyamathematicalorstatisticaloperationtoasubsetofvaluesinarangeofcellstreatedasadatabase.Thedatabasetablecanbethoughtofasatwo-dimensionalarrayorganizedintorowsandcolumns.Oritcanbethoughtofasaone-dimensionalarrayofrecordswhereeachrecordisastructurethathasoneormorefields.Inthecontextofdatabasetables,theterms"row"and"record"meanthesamethingandtheterms"column"and"field"meanthesamething.Databasereferstoarangeofcellswherethefirstrowintherangerepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsintherangerepresentrecords.Thecolumnsintherangerepresentfields.

ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.



Date and Time Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetodate-timevaluesandtime-spanvaluesare:

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAY

DAYS DAYS360 EDATE EOMONTH

HOUR ISO.CEILING MINUTE MONTH

NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOW SECOND

TIME TIMEVALUE TODAY WEEKDAY

WEEKNUM WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL YEAR

YEARFRAC

FormostofthesefunctionsyoucanspecifythedateargumentasaDateTimeobject,asintheresultofafunctionsuchasDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asintheresultofafunctionsuchasTIME(12,0,0).ForcompatibilitywithExcel,italsoallowsdatestobespecifiedasanumber(asin37806.5)orasastring(asin"7/4/200312:00").ThenumbersandstringsareconvertedtoinstancesoftheDateTimeclass.

Datesasnumericvaluesareintheformx.y,wherexisthe"numberofdayssinceDecember30,1899"andyisthefractionofday.Numberstotheleftrepresentthedate.Timesasnumericvaluesaredecimalfractionsrangingfrom0to0.99999999,representingthetimesfrom0:00:00(12:00:00A.M.)to23:59:59(11:59:59P.M.).

Thefollowingthreeformulasproducethesameresult:

YEAR(DATE(2004,8,9))

YEAR(38208)

YEAR("8/9/2004")

InExcel,datescanrangefrom01/01/1900to12/31/9999,andinthe.NETframework,instancesoftheDateTimeclasscanrangefrom01/01/0001to12/31/9999.InSpread,wegenerallysupportthelargerrangefoundinthe.NETframework.ForExcelcompatibilitythereareafewcaseswherethefunctionallowsonlythesmallerrange(forexample,theDATEfunctioncanonlybeusedtoenterdatessince01/01/1900).

YoumayseesomedifferencesinvaluesifexportingtoorimportingfromExcel.BothExcelandOLEautomationusedoublestorepresentdatesandtimes,withtheintegerportionofthedoublerepresentingthenumberofdaysfromabasedate.InExcel,thebasedatethatisusedis01/01/1900andtheyear1900istreatedasaleapyear.InOLEautomation,Microsoftcorrectedthisbyusingthebasedateof12/31/1899.AsOLEautomationdoes,ourspreadsheetstreat1900asanon-leapyearandthususethebasedateof12/31/1899.




Engineering Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoengineeringcalculationsare:

BESSELI BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY

BIN2DEC BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BITAND

BITLSHIFT BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR

COMPLEX CONVERT DEC2BIN DEC2HEX

DEC2OCT DELTA ERF ERFC

ERFC.PRECISE ERF.PRECISE GESTEP HEX2BIN

HEX2DEC HEX2OCT IMABS IMAGINARY

IMARGUMENT IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH

IMCOT IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV

IMEXP IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2

IMPOWER IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC

IMSECH IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT

IMSUB IMSUM IMTAN OCT2BIN

OCT2DEC OCT2HEX

Formoreinformationontheengineeringfunctionsthatinvolvecomplexnumbers,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.




Complex Numbers in Engineering Functions

Manyoftheengineeringfunctionsinvolvecomplexnumbers.Acomplexnumberconsistsoftwoparts,arealpartandanimaginarypart.Youcanthinkofacomplexnumberasbeingapoint(x,y)inaplane.Youcanthinkofarealnumberasbeingapoint(x,0)onthex-axisoftheplane.Notethatrealnumbersareasubsetofcomplexnumberswithzeroforthecoefficientoftheimaginarypart.

Thereisnotacomplexnumberdatatype.Instead,complexnumbersarerepresentedusingstringsoftheform"x+yi"wherexandyarerealnumbersandxistherealpartandyiistheimaginarypart.Forexample:

"2+3i"

"1.23E4+5.67E8i"

Notethatifeithertherealpartortheimaginarypartiszerothenthezeropartcanbeoptionallyomittedfromthetextrepresentation.Forexample:

"3"isequivalentto"3+0i"

"4i"isequivalentto"0+4i"

Sincerealnumbersareasubsetofcomplexnumbers,arealnumbercanbeusedinplaceofastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:

3isequivalentto"3+0i"

Thefunctionsthatreturnacomplexnumberreturnastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:

COMPLEX(3,5)returns"3+5i"

Thefunctionsthatacceptacomplexnumbercanaccepteitheranumberorastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:

IMSUM("1+2i","3+4i")returns"4+6i"

IMSUM(1,3)returns"4"

WhenastringcannotbeconvertedtoanumberSpreadreturnsa#VALUEerror.Forexample:

COS("abc")returns#VALUE!

IMCOS("abc")returns#VALUE!

Spreadallowseithersuffix"j"orthesuffix"i"todenotetheimaginarypart.Forexample:

"3+4j"isequivalentto"3+4i"

Spreadallowsmixedsuffixesintheagivenformulaandalwaysreturnsthe"i"suffix.Forexample:

IMSUM("1+2i","3+4i")returns"4+6i"

IMSUM("1+2j","3+4j")returns"4+6i"

IMSUM("1+2i","3+4j")returns"4+6i"

Spreaddoesnotallowspacesbeforetherealpartorbeforetheimaginarypart.Forexample:

IMABS("3+4i")returns5

IMABS("3+4i")returns#VALUE!



ReturntoEngineeringFunctions.




Financial Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetofinancialcalculationssuchasinterestcalculationsare:

ACCRINT ACCRINTM AMORDEGRC AMORLINC

COUPDAYS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYSNC COUPNCD

COUPNUM COUPPCD CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)

CUMPRINC(on-linedocumentation)

DB DDB DISC DOLLAR

DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DURATION EFFECT

EUROCONVERT FV FVSCHEDULE INTRATE

IPMT IRR ISPMT MDURATION

MIRR NOMINAL NPER NPV

ODDFPRICE ODDFYIELD ODDLPRICE ODDLYIELD

PDURATION PMT PPMT PRICE

PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PV RATE

RECEIVED RRI SLN SYD

TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD VDB

XIRR XNPV YIELD YIELDDISC

YIELDMAT

Forthefinancialfunctionsthatuseit,refertoDayCountBasis.


Fortheargumentsofsomeofthesefunctionsandfortheresultsofsomeofthesefunctions,moneypaidoutisrepresentedbynegativenumbersandmoneyyoureceiveisrepresentedbypositivenumbers.Howthecurrencyvaluesaredisplayeddependsuponhowyousetupthecelltypeandtheformatsettings.



Day Count Basis

Formanyofthefinancialfunctions,thedaycountbasisisused:

BasisNumber DayCountBasis0(oromitted) UnitedStatesofAmerica(NASD)30/360

1 Actual/Actual

2 Actual/360

3 Actual/365

4 European30/360

[NASDistheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealers.]

ReturntoFinancialFunctions.




Information Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoinformationaboutacellorthevalueinacellare:

CELL COUNTBLANK ERRORTYPE ERROR.TYPE

INFO ISBLANK ISERR ISERROR

ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL ISNA

ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISODD ISREF

ISTEXT N NA SHEET

SHEETS TYPE




Logical Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetologicaloperationsare:

AND FALSE IF IFERROR

IFNA IFS NOT OR

SWITCH TRUE XOR




Lookup Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoreferencingandfindingotherpartsofthespreadsheetare:

ADDRESS AREAS CHOOSE COLUMN

COLUMNS FORMULATEXT HLOOKUP HYPERLINK

INDEX INDIRECT LOOKUP MATCH

OFFSET ROW ROWS RTD

TRANSPOSE VLOOKUP




Math and Trigonometry Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetomathematicalcalculationsare:

ABS ACOS ACOSH ACOT

ACOTH AGGREGATE ARABIC ASIN

ASINH ATAN ATAN2 ATANH

BASE CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE

COMBIN COMBINA COS COSH

COT COTH CSC CSCH

DECIMAL DEGREES EVEN EXP

FACT FACTDOUBLE FLOOR FLOOR.MATH

FLOOR.PRECISE GCD INT ISO.CEILING

LCM LN LOG LOG10

MDETERM MINVERSE MMULT MOD

MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT ODD

PI POWER PRODUCT QUOTIENT

RADIANS RAND RANDBETWEEN ROMAN

ROUND ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP SEC

SECH SERIESSUM SIGN SIN

SINH SQRT SQRTPI SUBTOTAL

SUM SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT

SUMSQ SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2

TAN TANH TRUNC




Statistical Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetostatisticaloperationsare:

AVEDEV AVERAGE AVERAGEA AVERAGEIF

AVERAGEIFS BETADIST BETA.DIST BETAINV

BETA.INV BINOMDIST BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE

BINOM.INV CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST

CHISQ.DIST.RT CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT CHISQ.TEST

CHITEST CONFIDENCE CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T

CORREL COUNT COUNTIF COUNTIFS

COUNTA COVAR COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S

CRITBINOM DEVSQ EXPONDIST EXPON.DIST

FDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT FINV

F.INV F.INV.RT FISHER FISHERINV

FORECAST FREQUENCY FTEST F.TEST

GAMMA GAMMADIST GAMMA.DIST GAMMAINV

GAMMA.INV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS

GEOMEAN GROWTH HARMEAN HYPGEOMDIST

HYPGEOM.DIST INTERCEPT KURT LARGE

LINEST LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORMDIST

LOGNORM.DIST LOGNORM.INV MAX MAXA

MAXIFS MEDIAN MIN MINA

MINIFS MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL

NEGBINOMDIST NEGBINOM.DIST NORMDIST NORM.DIST

NORMINV NORM.INV NORMSDIST NORM.S.DIST

NORMSINV NORM.S.INV PEARSON PERCENTILE

PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK PERCENTRANK.EXC

PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA PHI

POISSON POISSON.DIST PROB QUARTILE

QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC RANK RANK.AVG

RANK.EQ RSQ SKEW SKEW.P

SLOPE SMALL STANDARDIZE STDEV

STDEVA STDEVP STDEV.P STDEVPA

STDEV.S STEYX TDIST T.DIST

T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT TINV T.INV

T.INV.2T TREND TRIMMEAN TTEST

T.TEST VAR VARA VARP



VAR.P VARPA VAR.S WEIBULL

WEIBULL.DIST ZTEST Z.TEST




Text Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetohandlingtextare:

ASC BAHTTEXT CHAR CLEAN

CODE CONCAT CONCATENATE DBCS

DOLLAR EXACT FIND FINDB

FIXED JIS LEFT LEFTB

LEN LENB LOWER MID

MIDB NUMBERVALUE PROPER REPLACE

REPLACEB REPT RIGHT RIGHTB

SEARCH SEARCHB SUBSTITUTE T

TEXT TEXTJOIN TRIM UPPER

UNICHAR UNICODE USDOLLAR VALUE




Web Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoweb-basedoperationsare:

ENCODEURL FILTERXML WEBSERVICE




Optional Arguments

Somefunctionshaveavariablenumberofargumentswithsome(typicallythelast)argumentsbeingoptional.ThesearedisplayedinthisreferencewiththewordOptionalinbrackets"[Optional]"beforetheargumentinthetableofarguments.Forexample,considerthepaymentfunction(PMT)whichhasfiveargumentswiththelasttwobeingoptional.InSpread,youcanmakeanyofthefollowingcalls:

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,,type)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,,)

PMT(rate,nper,pv)

Theoptionalargumentsmaybeomitted.Anymissingoptionalargumentishandledwiththedefaultvaluebeingpassed.Forexample

FIXED(1234.5678,,FALSE)

evaluatesthesameas

FIXED(1234.5678,2,FALSE)

sincethedefaultvalueforthenumberofdecimalplacesis2.

SeemoreaboutMissingArguments.





Missing Arguments

Missingargumentsareintendedtobeusedwithfunctionsthathaveoptionalarguments(asdiscussedinOptionalArguments).Ifamissingargumentispassedinforarequiredargumentthenthefunctionwillevaluatetothe#N/Aerror.

SeemoreaboutResultantErrorValues.





Volatile Functions

Formulasthatcontainvolatilefunctionsarerecalculatedeverytimeanyotherfunctionisrecalculated.IftheEnableCrossSheetReferencespropertyforthecontrolisfalse,thenthefunctionsarerecalculatedonlyonthesheetwherethechangesoccur.



Array Formulas

Youcanusearrayformulaswiththecontrol.

Anarrayformulacanperformmultiplecalculationsononeormoreitemsinanarray.Arrayformulascanreturnmultipleresultsorasingleresult.

Tocreateanarrayformula,selectthecellsyouwishtoputtheformulain,typetheformula,andthenuseCtrl+Shift+Enter.Thisputsbracesaroundtheformulaandplacesaninstanceoftheformulaineachcelloftheselectedrange.

Inordertoremoveorchangeanarrayformula,youmustselecttheoriginalformularangefirst.



Arrays in a Formula

Formulasmayincludefunctionsthatoperateonarrays.Spreadsupportsarrayconstantsinformulas.Usecurlybrackets{}toenclosethearrayelements.Useacommatoseparateelementswithinarow.Useasemicolontoseparaterowswithinthearray.Individualelementscanbenumbervalues,textvalues,logicalvalues,orerrorvalues.Someexamplesofarraysare:

CORREL({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})

CORREL({73000,45000,40360},{42,70,40})

ROWS({1,2,3;4,5,6})




Dynamic Array Formulas

Dynamicarrayformulasareusefulespeciallywhenuserswanttoimplementeffectiveutilizationofdatacacheinthespreadsheets.Thisispossiblebecausetheseformulasallowrandomaccesswithlowmemoryfootprints.

Whenacellcontainsadynamicarrayformula,multiplevaluesarereturnedbecausetheelementsofthearrayspillintotheadjacentemptycells.Unlikegenericarrays,dynamicarraysautomaticallyresizewhenthedataisinsertedorremovedfromthesourcerange.

SpilledArrayFormulas

Dynamicarrayformulasthatreturnmorethanoneresultandspillsuccessfullytothenearbycellswithvaluesspanningtoacellrangecontainingmultiplerowsandcolumnsareknownasspilledarrayformulas.

Note:SpilledarrayformulasarenotsupportedinTables.However,whileworkingwithdynamicarrayformulasthatspilltoanumberofrowsandcolumns,thecellrangesusedinthespreadsheetscanbeformattedexplicitlytoappearliketables.

Formoreinformationondynamicarrayformulasanditsexamples,refertothefollowingtopics:

1. UNIQUE2. SORT3. SORTBY4. RANDARRAY5. SEQUENCE6. SINGLE7. FILTER



Data Types Using Formulas

WhenyouassigncelldatausingtheTextproperty,thespreadsheetusesthecelltypetoparsetheassignedstringintotheneededdatatype.Forexample,aNumberCellTypeparsesastringintoadoubledatatype.WhenyouassignthecelldatausingtheValueproperty,thespreadsheetacceptstheassignedobjectasisandnoparsingoccurs,soifyousetitwithastring,itremainsastring.Somenumericfunctions(forexample,SUM)ignorenon-numericvaluesinacellrange.Forexample,ifthecellrangeA1:A3containsthevalues{1,"2",3},thentheformulaSUM(A1:A3)evaluatesto4becausetheSUMfunctionignoresthestring"2".Besurethatyousetthevaluecorrectlyforanycellsusedinthecalculationofaformulaandthatyousetthemwiththecorrectdatatype.




Custom Functions in Formulas

Formulasmayincludecustom,user-definedfunctions.Ifyouhavefunctionsthatyouuseonaregularbasisthatarenotinthebuilt-infunctionsoryouwishtocombinesomeofthebuilt-infunctionsintoasinglefunction,youcandosobydefiningyourowncustomfunctions.Theycanbecalledasyouwouldcallanyofthebuilt-infunctions.Customfunctionscanhaveupto255arguments.

DuplicateFunctionNames

Acustomfunctioncanhavethesamenameasabuilt-infunction.Thecustomfunctiontakespriorityoverthebuilt-infunction.Customfunctionsaredynamicallylinkedatevaluationtime.Thus,theapplicationcanredefineanexistingcustomfunction.

ExcelFunctionNames

InSpread,theHYPERLINKfunctionistreatedasacustomfunctionsincewedonothavethatasabuilt-infunction.AcustomfunctioninSpreadgetsexportedasacustomfunctioninExcel.However,thereisnowaytoexporttheimplementationofthecustomfunction.Thus,Excelseestheexportedcustomfunctionasanunimplementedcustomfunctionwhichevaluatestothe#NAME?error.Whenyouenterorleaveeditmodeviatheformulabar,Excelreparsestheformulaandrecognizesthefunctionasthebuilt-inHYPERLINKfunction.Unfortunately,thereisnowaytotelltheSpreadcontrolthatagivencustomfunctioninSpreadshouldbeexportedasabuilt-infunctioninExcel.

SupposetheapplicationneedsanExcelfunctionthatSpreaddoesnotsupport.TheapplicationwouldhavetosupplyacustomfunctiontomimictheExcelfunction.Spread'simplementationofacustomfunctioncannotbeexportedtoanExcelfile,sothecustomfunctiongetsexportedasanundefinedcustomfunction.InExcel,anundefinedcustomfunctionwillevaluatetothe#VALUE!error.WhenyouentereditmodeandthenleaveeditmodeinExcel,Excelwillreparsetheformula(evenifyoumadenochangestotheformula).Duringreparsing,Excelwilltreatthefunctionasthebuilt-infunction(insteadofacustomfunction).Theformulawillthenevaluatetotheexpectedvalue(insteadofthe#VALUE!error).YourexampleofaproblemformuladoesnotappeartofallintotheabovedescribedscenariobecausetheformulaonlyusestheMAXandSUMfunctions.However,itisstillpossiblethattheformulacouldbereferencingacellthatusesacustomfunctionwhichwouldgetyoubackintotheabovedescribedscenario.Editingthereferencedcellwouldgetridofthe#VALUE!errorinthereferencedcell.Therecalculationswouldcascadebackthecellinquestion.

SeeAlso

RefertotheproductDeveloper’sGuideformoredetailsonhowtocreateacustomfunction.

RefertotheproductAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomfunctions.




Custom Names in Formulas

Formulasmayincludecustom,user-definednames.Customnamesareidentifierstorepresentinformationinthespreadsheet.Acustomnamecanrefertoacell,arangeofcells,acomputedvalue,oraformula.(MethodsthatdealwithcustomnamesprovidethesamefunctionalityastheNameinExcel.)Acustomnamecancontainupto255charactersandcanincludeletters,numbers,orunderscores.Thefirstcharactermustbealetteroranunderscore.

Thename'svaluecanbeassignedorretrievedaseitherastringobjectorasanexpressionobject.RefertotheAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomnames.

FromtheexampleinC#:

dataModel.AddCustomName("Total",newFarPoint.CalcEngine.CellExpression(3,2));

anamecalledTotaliscreatedthatrepresentsthecellatabsolutelocation3,2.AssumingA1notation(ReferenceStyle=A1),thenthiswouldbeequivalentto:

dataModel.AddCustomName("Total","$D$3",0,0);

InExcel,thiswouldbeequivalentto:

Name:TotalRefersTo:=$D$3

Oncethenameisdefined,thenamecanbeusedinformulas.Whentheformulaisevaluated,thename'svalueisreferencedandevaluated.Giventheabovedefinition,thefollowingtwoformulaassignmentswouldproducethesameresult:

spread.ActiveSheet.SetFormula(0,0,"Total");spread.ActiveSheet.SetFormula(0,0,"$D$3");

NotethatthestringversionsoftheAddCustomNameandGetCustomNamemethodstakethebaseroworbasecolumnarguments.TheseargumentsareusedtoparseorunparserelativeaddressesinA1notation.TheseargumentsareignoredwhenusingabsoluteaddressesorwhenusingR1C1notation.A1notationrequiresabaselocationfromwhichtherelativeoffsetiscomputed.

Forexample:

dataModel.AddCustomName("Beta","D3",0,0);//sameas"R[2]C[3]"dataModel.AddCustomName("Gamma","D3",4,4);//sameas"R[-2]C[-1]"

Inotherwords,cellD3is+3/+2fromcellA1but-1/-2fromcellE5.InExcel,theInsert>Name>Definedialogusestheactivecellasthebaselocation.

RefertotheproductDeveloper’sGuideformoredetailsonhowtocreateacustomname.

RefertotheAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomnames.




Resultant Error Values

Thevaluesthatcanbedisplayedinacellasaresultofaninvalidentryorinvalidformulaareasfollows:

Value Description#DIV/0! Thisdisplayswhenaformulaincludesadivisionbyzeroorwhenaformulauses,inthedivisor,acell

referencetoablankcellortoacellthatcontainszero.

#N/A Thisdisplayswhenavalueisnotavailabletoafunctionorformulaorwhenanargumentinanarrayformulaisnotthesamesizeastherangethatcontainsthearrayformula.

#NAME? Thisdisplayswhentextinaformulaisnotrecognizedorwhenthenameofafunctionismisspelled,orwhenincludingtextwithoutusingdoublequotationmarks.Thiscanalsohappenwhenyouomitacolon(:)inacellrangereference.

#NULL! Thisdisplayswhenyouspecifyanintersectionoftwoareasthatdonotintersect.Possiblecausesincludeamistypedreferenceoperatororamistypedcellreference.

#NUM! Thisdisplayswhenanumberinaformulaorfunctioncannotbecalculated,whenaformulaproducesanumberthatistoolargeortoosmalltorepresent,orwhenusinganunacceptableargumentinafunctionthatrequiresanumber.Ifyouareusingafunctionthatiterates,suchasIRRorRATE,andthefunctioncannotfindaresult,thisvalueisdisplayed.

#REF! Thisdisplayswhenacellreferenceisnotvalidorwhenyoudeletedcellsreferredtobyaformula.

#VALUE! Thisdisplayswhenthewrongtypeofargumentoroperandisused,suchasusingtextwhentheformularequiresanumberoralogicalvalue,orusingarangeinsteadofasinglevalue.




Formula Functions

Spread.NETprovidesthesebuilt-infunctions,listedalphabetically.

Foralistoffunctionsbytype,refertoCategoriesofFunctions.

FunctionsAtoC

ABS ACCRINT ACCRINTM ACOS

ACOSH ACOT ACOTH ADDRESS

AGGREGATE AMORDEGRC AMORLINC AND

ARABIC AREAS ASC ASIN



AVERAGEIFS BAHTTEXT BASE BESSELI

BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY BETA.DIST

BETA.INV BETADIST BETAINV BIN2DEC

BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE

BINOM.INV BINOMDIST BITAND BITLSHIFT

BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR CALL

CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE CELL

CHAR CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST


CHITEST CHOOSE CLEAN CODE

COLUMN COLUMNS COMBIN COMBINA

COMPLEX CONCAT CONCATENATE CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T CONVERT CORREL

COS COSH COT COTH

COUNT COUNTA COUNTBLANK COUNTIF

COUNTIFS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYS COUPDAYSNC

COUPNCD COUPNUM COUPPCD COVAR

COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S CRITBINOM CSC

CSCH CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)


FunctionsDtoG

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAVERAGE

DAY DAYS DAYS360 DB

DBCS DCOUNT DCOUNTA DDB

DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT DECIMAL

DEGREES DELTA DEVSQ DGET



DISC DMAX DMIN DOLLAR

DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DPRODUCT DSTDEV

DSTDEVP DSUM DURATION DVAR

DVARP EDATE EFFECT ENCODEURL

EOMONTH ERF ERF.PRECISE ERFC

ERFC.PRECISE ERROR.TYPE ERRORTYPE EUROCONVERT

EVEN EXACT EXP EXPON.DIST

EXPONDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT F.INV

F.INV.RT F.TEST FACT FACTDOUBLE

FALSE FDIST FILTER FILTERXML

FIND FINDB FINV FISHER

FISHERINV FIXED FLOOR FLOOR.MATH

FLOOR.PRECISE FORECAST FORECAST.LINEAR FORMULATEXT

FREQUENCY FTEST FV FVSCHEDULE

GAMMA GAMMA.DIST GAMMA.INV GAMMADIST

GAMMAINV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS

GCD GEOMEAN GESTEP GROWTH

FunctionsHtoL

HARMEAN HEX2BIN HEX2DEC HEX2OCT

HLOOKUP HOUR HYPERLINK HYPGEOM.DIST

HYPGEOMDIST IF IFERROR IFNA

IFS IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT

IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH IMCOT

IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV IMEXP

IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER

IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC IMSECH

IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT IMSUB

IMSUM IMTAN INDEX INDIRECT

INFO INT INTERCEPT INTRATE

IPMT IRR ISBLANK ISERR

ISERROR ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL

ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISO.CEILING

ISODD ISOWEEKNUM ISPMT ISREF

ISTEXT JIS KURT LARGE

LCM LEFT LEFTB LEN

LENB LINEST LN LOG

LOG10 LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORM.DIST



LOGNORM.INV LOGNORMDIST LOOKUP LOWER

FunctionsMtoQ

MATCH MAX MAXA MAXIFS

MDETERM MDURATION MEDIAN MID

MIDB MIN MINA MINIFS

MINUTE MINVERSE MIRR MMULT

MOD MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL

MONTH MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT

N NA NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST

NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOMINAL NORM.DIST

NORM.INV NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.INV NORMDIST

NORMINV NORMSDIST NORMSINV NOT

NOW NPER NPV NUMBERVALUE

OCT2BIN OCT2DEC OCT2HEX ODD


OFFSET OR PDURATION PEARSON

PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK

PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA

PHI PHONETIC PI PMT

POISSON POISSON.DIST POWER PPMT

PRICE PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PROB

PRODUCT PROPER PV QUARTILE

QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC QUOTIENT

FunctionsRtoS

RADIANS RAND RANDARRAY RANDBETWEEN

RANK RANK.AVG RANK.EQ RATE

RECEIVED REPLACE REPLACEB REPT

RIGHT RIGHTB ROMAN ROUND

ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP ROW ROWS

RRI RSQ RTD SEARCH

SEARCHB SEC SECH SECOND

SERIESSUM SEQUENCE SHEET SHEETS

SIGN SIN SINH SINGLE

SKEW SKEW.P SLN SLOPE

SMALL SORT SORTBY SQRT

SQRTPI STANDARDIZE STDEV STDEV.P

STDEV.S STDEVA STDEVP STDEVPA



STEYX SUBSTITUTE SUBTOTAL SUM

SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT SUMSQ

SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2 SWITCH

SYD

FunctionsTtoZ

T T.DIST T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT

T.INV T.INV.2T T.TEST TAN

TANH TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD

TDIST TEXT TEXTJOIN TIME

TIMEVALUE TINV TODAY TRANSPOSE

TREND TRIM TRIMMEAN TRUE

TRUNC TTEST TYPE UNICHAR

UNICODE UNIQUE UPPER USDOLLAR

VALUE VAR VAR.P VAR.S

VARA VARP VARPA VDB

VLOOKUP WEBSERVICE WEEKDAY WEEKNUM

WEIBULL WEIBULL.DIST WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL

XIRR XNPV XOR YEAR

YEARFRAC YIELD YIELDDISC YIELDMAT

Z.TEST ZTEST

Formoreinformationonhowtousethesefunctions,refertotheFormulaOverview,andtothechapteronManagingFormulasintheproductDevelopersGuide.

ReturntotheFormulaReference.



Functions A to C

FunctionsAtoC

ABS ACCRINT ACCRINTM ACOS

ACOSH ACOT ACOTH ADDRESS

AGGREGATE AMORDEGRC AMORLINC AND

ARABIC AREAS ASC ASIN



AVERAGEIFS BAHTTEXT BASE BESSELI

BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY BETA.DIST

BETA.INV BETADIST BETAINV BIN2DEC

BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE

BINOM.INV BINOMDIST BITAND BITLSHIFT

BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR CALL

CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE CELL

CHAR CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST


CHITEST CHOOSE CLEAN CODE

COLUMN COLUMNS COMBIN COMBINA

COMPLEX CONCAT CONCATENATE CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T CONVERT CORREL

COS COSH COT COTH

COUNT COUNTA COUNTBLANK COUNTIF

COUNTIFS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYS COUPDAYSNC

COUPNCD COUPNUM COUPPCD COVAR

COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S CRITBINOM CSC

CSCH CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)




ABS

Thisfunctioncalculatestheabsolutevalueofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ABS(value)

ABS(expression)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeeitheravalueoranexpressionasanargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctionturnsnegativevaluesintopositivevalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ABS(R3C2)

ABS(B3)

ABS(-4) gives the result 4

ABS(14-24) gives the result 10

ABS(4) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.

SeeAlso

SIGN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ACCRINT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaccruedinterestforasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.

Syntax

ACCRINT(issue,first,settle,rate,par,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:

Argument Descriptionissue Datethatthesecurityisissued

first Firstdateforcalculatingtheinterestforthesecurity

settle Settlementdateforthesecurity

rate Annualinterestrateforthesecurity

par [Optional]Parvalueforthesecurity;ifomitted,thecalculationusesavalueof$1,000

frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear

basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)

Remarks

Thisfunctionrequiresthattheissueislessthanthesettlement(otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned).Iftherateorparislessthanorequalto0,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthefrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthebasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ACCRINT(A1,A2,A3,B4,D9,E9,0)

ACCRINT(DATE(2003,1,1),DATE(2003,1,7),DATE(2005,1,7),0.5,1000,2) gives the result 1008.33333

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACCRINTM|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions



ACCRINTM

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaccruedinterestatmaturityforasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.

Syntax

ACCRINTM(issue,maturity,rate,par,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionissue Datethatthesecurityisissued

maturity Maturitydateforsecurity

rate Annualinterestrateforthesecurity

par [Optional]Parvalueforthesecurity;ifomitted,thecalculationusesavalueof$1,000


Remarks

Thisfunctionrequiresthatissueisavaliddate(otherwisea#Value!errorisreturned).Iftherateorparislessthanorequalto0,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthebasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iftheissueislessthanthesettlement,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

ACCRINTM(A2,A3,B4,D9,3)

ACCRINTM(R1C1,R2C3,R4C2,R9C4,3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACCRINT|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions



ACOS

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearccosine,thatis,theanglewhosecosineisthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ACOS(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifythecosineoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.

Remarks

Theresultangleisinradiansbetween0(zero)andPI(pi).Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes


Examples

ACOS(B3)

ACOS(R3C2)

ACOS(0.5) gives the result 1.0471975512

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASIN|COS|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ACOSH

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperboliccosineofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ACOSH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumbergreaterthanorequalto1.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperboliccosine,soACOSH(COSH(n))givestheresultn.

DataTypes


Examples

ACOSH(B3)

ACOSH(R3C2)

ACOSH(1) gives the result 0

ACOSH(10) gives the result 2.9932228461

ACOS(R3C2)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOS|ASINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ACOT

Thisfunctionreturnsthearccotangent(inverseofthecotangent)ofthespecifiednumericvalue.

Syntax

ACOT(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifythecotangentoftheangleyouwanttoreturn.Theargumentshouldbearealnumber.

Remarks

Theresultantangleisinradiansanditsvalueliesbetween0(zero)andPI(pi).Ifyouwanttoconverttheresultfromradianstodegrees,multiplytheresultantvalueby180/PI.

DataTypes


Examples

ACOT(5)givestheresult0.1973



VersionAvailable

ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.



ACOTH

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperboliccotangentofthespecifiednumericvalue.

Syntax

ACOTH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanynumberwhoseabsolutevalueisgreaterthan1.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperboliccotangent.Ifthespecifiednumberislessthan1,thisfunctionreturnsa#NUM!errorvalue.Ifthespecifiednumberisnotanumericvalue,itreturnsa#VALUE!error.

DataTypes


Examples

ACOTH(8)givestheresult0.1256



VersionAvailable




ADDRESS

Thisfunctionusestherowandcolumnnumberstocreateacelladdressintext.

Syntax

ADDRESS(row,column,absnum,a1style,sheettext)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrow Rownumberinthecellreference

column8 Columnnumberinthecellreference

absnum [Optional]Typeofreferencetoreturn;canbeanyof:

Value-TypeofCellReferenceReturned

1oromitted-Absolute

2-Absoluterow,relativecolumn

3-Relativerow,absolutecolumn

4-Relative

a1style [Optional]LogicalvaluethatindicateswhetherthereferencestyleisA1;ifTRUEoromitted,thestyleisA1;ifFALSE,thenthestyleisR1C1

sheettext [Optional]Nameofthesheettouseasanexternalreference;ifomitted,nosheetnameisused

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

ADDRESS(2,4,2,FALSE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COLUMNS|ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions



AGGREGATE

Thisfunctioncalculatesanaggregatevalueinalistordatabase.

Syntax

AGGREGATE(functionnum,options,reference1,reference2,…)

or

AGGREGATE(functionnum,options,array,k)

Arguments

Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionfunctionnum Referstothenumbercodethatspecifiesthefunctiontouse(seetablebelow).

options Referstothenumericalvaluethatdetermineswhichvaluesmustbeignoredintheevaluationrangeforthefunction(seetablebelow)

reference1 Referstotheargumentforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

reference2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionalargumentsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

array Referstoanarray,arrayformula,orareferencetoarangeofcellsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

k Referstotheadditionalargumentsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

Thefunctionnumargumentisthenumberthatrepresentsthebuilt-infunctiontouse,asgiveninthistable.

Built-InFunction FunctionCodeAVERAGE 1

COUNT 2

COUNTA 3

MAX 4

MIN 5

PRODUCT 6

STDEV.S 7

STDEV.P 8

SUM 9

VAR.S 10

VAR.P 11

MEDIAN 12

MODE.SNGL 13

LARGE 14

SMALL 15

PERCENTILE.INC 16

QUARTILE.INC 17

PERCENTILE.EXC 18

QUARTILE.EXC 19

Theoptionsargumenthasthefollowingoptions.



Option Description0oromitted IgnorenestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

1 IgnorehiddenrowsandnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

2 IgnoreerrorvaluesandnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

3 Ignorehiddenrows,errorvalues,andnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

4 Ignorenothing

5 Ignorehiddenrows

6 Ignoreerrorvalues

7 Ignorehiddenrowsanderrorvalues

Remarks

Thisfunctionisdesignedforcolumnsofdata,orverticalcellrange.Thisfunctionhasanoptiontoignorehiddenrowsanderrorvalues.

Ifasecondreferenceargumentisrequiredbutitisnotprovidedbytheuser,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.Also,ifoneormoreofthereferencesare3-Dreferences,a#VALUE!errorvalueisreturned.

Thereference2argumentisoptional;however,thefollowingfunctionsarerequiredinthisargument.

LARGESMALLPERCENTILE.INCQUARTILE.INCPERCENTILE.EXCQUARTILE.EXC

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericvalues.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AGGREGATE(14,6,B1:B7,3) gives the result 5, where B1:B7 is the cell range containing a numeric list.

VersionAvailable




AMORDEGRC

Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationforanaccountingperiod,takingintoconsiderationprorateddepreciation,andappliesadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationbasedonthelifeoftheassets.

Syntax

AMORDEGRC(cost,datepurchased,firstperiod,salvage,period,drate,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncost Costoftheasset

datepurchased Purchasedateoftheasset

firstperiod Enddateofthefirstperiod

salvage Salvagevalueattheendofthelifeoftheasset

period Accountingperiod

drate Rateofdepreciation

basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis)

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationuntilthelastperiodoftheassetlifeoruntilthetotalvalueofdepreciationisgreaterthanthecostoftheassetsminusthesalvagevalue.Thedepreciationcoefficientsare:

Lifeofassets DepreciationCoefficientBetween3and4years 1.5

Between5and6years 2

Morethan6years 2.5

Thedepreciationratewillgrowto50percentfortheperiodproceedingthelastperiodandwillgrowto100percentforthelastperiod.Ifthelifeofassetsisbetween0(zero)and1,1and2,2and3,or4and5,the#NUM!errorvalueisreturned.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromAMORLINC,whichdoesnotapplyadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationdependingonthelifeoftheassets.

DataTypes


Examples

AMORDEGRC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7)

AMORDEGRC(2800,DATE(2003,9,4),DATE(2006,12,31),200,1,0.02,1) gives the result 117

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

AMORLINC|FinancialFunctions



AMORLINC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationforanaccountingperiod,takingintoaccountprorateddepreciation.

Syntax

AMORLINC(cost,datepurchased,firstperiod,salvage,period,drate,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncost Costoftheasset

datepurchased Purchasedateoftheasset

firstperiod Enddateofthefirstperiod

salvage Salvagevalueattheendofthelifeoftheasset

period Accountingperiod

drate Rateofdepreciation

basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis)

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromAMORDEGRC,whichappliesadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationdependingonthelifeoftheassets.

DataTypes


Examples

AMORLINC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AMORDEGRC|FinancialFunctions



AND

ThisfunctioncalculateslogicalAND.

Syntax

AND(bool1,bool2,...)

AND(array)

AND(array1,array2,...)

AND(expression)

AND(expression1,expression2,...)

Arguments

Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,providenumeric(0or1)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)forupto255arguments.Youcanalsospecifyasinglearrayinsteadoflistingthevaluesseparately,orupto255arrays.Youcanalsospecifythelogicalargumentasanexpression.

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifallitsargumentsaretrue;otherwise,returnsFALSEifatleastoneargumentisfalse.

DataTypes

Acceptslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE)ornumericalvalues(0or1).Returnslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE).

Examples

AND(D12,E12)

AND(R12C42,R12C5,R12C1)

AND(D2:D12)

AND(R12C1:R12C9)

AND(true,true,true) gives the result TRUE

AND(TRUE(),FALSE()) gives the result FALSE

AND(5+3=8,5+1=6) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NOT|OR|LogicalFunctions



ARABIC

ThisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedRomanvaluetoanArabicvalue.

Syntax

ARABIC(text)

Arguments

Fortheargument,astringenclosedinquotationmarksorareferencetothecell(posessingtextvalueonly)canbespecified.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,specifyingthetextinlowercaseoruppercasedoesn'tmatterbecausethecaseoftheargument(suppliedasatext value)isignored.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ARABIC("XIXI")givestheresult20

ARABIC("LIV")givestheresult54

ARABIC(C2)givestheresult61whereC2isacellreferencecontainingthetextvalueLXI.

VersionAvailable




AREAS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofareasinthespecifiedreference.

Syntax

AREAS(reference)

Arguments

Specifythecellreferencefortheargument.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,singleargumentcanrefertomultipleareas.Todoso,extrasetofparenthesesisused.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceforargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AREAS(B7:D9)givestheresult1

AREAS((B2:D4,E5,F6:I9))givestheresult3

VersionAvailable




ASC

Thisfunctiontransformsfull-width(double-byte)characterstohalf-width(single-byte)characters.

Syntax

ASC(text)

Arguments

Forthearguments,youneedtogiveeitheratextvalueorareferencetoacellcontainingthetexttobechanged.

Remarks

Ifthetextdoesnotcontainfull-widthletters,thenthetextisnotchanged.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

ASC("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"

VersionAvailable




ASIN

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearcsine,thatis,theanglewhosesineisthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ASIN(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifythesineoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.

Remarks

Theresultangleisinradiansbetween–PI/2andPI/2.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes


Examples

ASIN(B3)

ASIN(R3C2)

ASIN(0.5) gives the result 0.5235987756

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOS|SIN|SINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ASINH

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperbolicsineofanumber.

Syntax

ASINH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumber.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperbolicsine,soASINH(SINH(n))givestheresultn.

DataTypes


Examples

ASINH(E4)

ASINH(R4C5)

ASINH(-5.5) gives the result -2.40606

ASINH(100) gives the result 5.2983423656

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASIN|SIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ATAN

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearctangent,thatis,theanglewhosetangentisthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ATAN(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifythetangentoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.

Remarks

Theresultangleisinradiansbetween–PI/2andPI/2.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes


Examples

ATAN(B3)

ATAN(R3C2)

ATAN(1) gives the result 0.7853981634

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOS|ASIN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ATAN2

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearctangentofthespecifiedx-andy-coordinates.

Syntax

ATAN2(x,y)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakerealnumbersasarguments.

Remarks

Thearctangentistheanglefromthex-axistoalinecontainingtheorigin(0,0)andapointwithcoordinates(x,y).

Theresultisgiveninradiansbetween–PIandPI,excluding–PI.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes


Examples

ATAN2(A1,E3)

ATAN2(R1C1,R3C5)

ATAN2(1,1) gives the result 0.7853981634

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOS|ASIN|ATAN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ATANH

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperbolictangentofanumber.

Syntax

ATANH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberbetween1and–1,excluding–1and1.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperbolictangent,soATANH(TANH(n))givestheresultn.

DataTypes


Examples

ATANH(B5)

ATANH(R5C2)

ATANH(0.55) gives the resultlt 0.6183813136

ATANH(-0.2) gives the result -0.2027325541

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASINH|ATAN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



AVEDEV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageoftheabsolutedeviationsofthespecifiedvaluesfromtheirmean.

Syntax

AVEDEV(value1,value2,...)

AVEDEV(array)

AVEDEV(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVEDEV(B5,L32,N25,D17)

AVEDEV(B1:B5)

AVEDEV(B1:B17,L1:L17,N2:N8)

AVEDEV(R5C2,R32C12,R25C15) AVEDEV(R1C2:R1C7)

AVEDEV(98,79,85) gives the result 7.1111111111

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|DEVSQ|StatisticalFunctions



AVERAGE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiednumericvalues.

Syntax

AVERAGE(value1,value2,...)

AVERAGE(array)

AVERAGE(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks


ThisfunctiondiffersfromAVERAGEA,whichacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

AVERAGE(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9)

AVERAGE(R1C1,R3C2)

AVERAGE(A1:A9)

AVERAGE(A1:A9,B1:B9,D5:D8)

AVERAGE(98,72,85) gives the result 85

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|CONFIDENCE|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



AVERAGEA

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiedvalues,includingtextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

Syntax

AVERAGEA(value1,value2,...)

AVERAGEA(array)

AVERAGEA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks


ThisfunctiondiffersfromAVERAGEbecauseitallowstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,logical,ortextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVERAGEA(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9)

AVERAGEA(R1C1,R3C2)

AVERAGEA(A1:A9)

AVERAGEA(A1:A9,B1:B9,D5:D8)

AVERAGEA(98,72,85) gives the result 85

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions



AVERAGEIF

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiednumericvaluesprovidedthattheymeetthespecifiedcriteria.

Syntax

AVERAGEIF(value1,value2,...,condition)

AVERAGEIF(array,condition)

AVERAGEIF(array1,array2,...,condition)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks


DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Theconditionacceptstext,numeric,orexpressiondata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVERAGEIF(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9,"<5000")

AVERAGEIF(R1C1,R3C2,"<>0")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso




AVERAGEIFS

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofallcellsthatmeetmultiplespecifiedcriteria.

Syntax

AVERAGEIFS(value1,condition1,value2,...,condition2...)

AVERAGEIFS(array,condition)

AVERAGEIFS(array1,array2,...,condition)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.Youcanhaveupto127argumentsfortheconditions.

Remarks


DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Theconditionacceptstext,numeric,orexpressiondata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVERAGEIFS(B2:B5,B2:B5,">90",B2:B5,"<100")

AVERAGEIFS(R1C1,R3C2,"<>0")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso




BAHTTEXT

ThisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedvaluetoThaitextandaddsasuffix"Baht"toit.

Syntax

BAHTTEXT(value)

Arguments

Theargumentcanacceptanumericvalue,oracellreferencethatcontainsanumericvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

BAHTTEXT(1234)givestheresultหนึ่งพันสองร้อยสามสบิสี่บาทถ้วน

BAHTTEXT(C3)givestheresultหนึ่งพันสองร้อยสามสบิสี่บาทถ้วน,whereC3isthecellreferencethatcontainsthevalue1234

VersionAvailable




BASE

Thisfunctionconvertsanumberintoatextrepresentationaccordingtospecifiedbase.

Syntax

BASE(value,base,min_len)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Referstothevaluethatyouwanttoconvert.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto0andless

than2^53

base Referstothebasethatyouwanttoconvertthevalueinto.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto2andlessthanorequalto36

min_len [Optional]Referstotheminimumlengthoftheresultantstring.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto0andlessthanorequalto255

Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthespecifiedvalueintheargumentsdoesn'tmeettheminimumandmaximumconstraintsasmentionedintheabovetable.

DataTypes


Examples

BASE(9,3)givestheresult100.

BASE(8,2,1)givestheresult1000.

BASE(6,3,2)givestheresult20.

VersionAvailable




BESSELI

ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedBesselfunctionofthefirstkindevaluatedforpurelyimaginaryarguments.

Syntax

BESSELI(value,order)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

order Numberrepresentingtheorderofthefunction;ifitisnotaninteger,itistruncated

Remarks

Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

BESSELI(A4,D5)

BESSELI(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELI(1.8,2) gives the result 0.5260402117

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BESSELJ|BESSELY|EngineeringFunctions



BESSELJ

ThisfunctioncalculatestheBesselfunctionofthefirstkind.

Syntax

BESSELJ(value,order)

Arguments




Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

BESSELJ(A4,D5)

BESSELJ(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELJ(1.85,2) gives the result 0.31812827879

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BESSELI|BESSELK|EngineeringFunctions



BESSELK

ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedBesselfunctionofthesecondkindevaluatedforpurelyimaginaryarguments.

Syntax

BESSELK(value,order)

Arguments




Remarks

ThisfunctionisalsocalledtheNeumannfunction.Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

BESSELK(A4,D5)

BESSELK(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELK(1.85,2) gives the result 0.32165379

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BESSELJ|BESSELY|EngineeringFunctions



BESSELY

ThisfunctioncalculatestheBesselfunctionofthesecondkind.

Syntax

BESSELY(value,order)

Arguments




Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

BESSELY(A4,D5)

BESSELY(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELY(2.85,1) gives the result 0.2801918953

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BESSELJ|BESSELK|EngineeringFunctions



BETA.DIST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.

Syntax

BETA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative,lower,upper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction,betweenthevaluesoflowerandupper

alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution

beta Betaparameterofthedistribution

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminesthefunctionform.Thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunctionifthisargumentistrue.Itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction,iftheargumentisfalse

lower [Optional]Lowerboundoftheintervalforx;0ifomitted

upper [Optional]Upperboundoftheintervalforx;1ifomitted

Remarks

Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

BETA.DIST(A1,A3,B4,TRUE,1,3)

BETA.DIST(2,8,10,TRUE,1,3)givestheresult0.6854705810546875

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BETADIST



BETA.INV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthecumulativebetadensityfunction.

Syntax

BETA.INV(prob,alpha,beta,lower,upper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthedistribution





Remarks

Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.Thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalueifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

BETA.INV(0.75,B3,C3,2,4)

BETA.INV(0.75,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)

BETA.INV(0.75,9,12,2,4)givestheresult3.0011968805340232

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BETAINV



BETADIST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.

Syntax

BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,lower,upper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction,betweenthevaluesoflowerandupper





Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

BETADIST(3,B3,C3,2,4)

BETADIST(3,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)

BETADIST(3,6,9,2,4) gives the result 0.7880249023

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BETAINV|StatisticalFunctions



BETAINV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.

Syntax

BETAINV(prob,alpha,beta,lower,upper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthedistribution





Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

BETAINV(0.75,B3,C3,2,4)

BETAINV(0.75,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)

BETAINV(0.75,9,12,2,4) gives the result 3.0011968805

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BETADIST|StatisticalFunctions



BIN2DEC

Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

BIN2DEC(number)

Arguments

Fortheargumentofthisfunction,specifythebinarynumericvaluetoconvert.

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid.

DataTypes


Examples

BIN2DEC(1111111)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BIN2HEX|BIN2OCT|DEC2BIN|OCT2DEC|EngineeringFunctions



BIN2HEX

Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoahexadecimalnumber.

Syntax

BIN2HEX(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Binarynumericvaluetoconvert

places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid,orifthevalueofplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdatainhexadecimalformat.

Examples

BIN2HEX(1110)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BIN2DEC|BIN2OCT|DEC2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions



BIN2OCT

Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoanoctalnumber.

Syntax

BIN2OCT(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Binarynumericvaluetoconvert


Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid,orifthevalueofplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes


Examples

BIN2OCT(1001,2)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BIN2DEC|BIN2HEX|OCT2BIN|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions



BINOM.DIST

Thisfunctioncalculatestheindividualtermbinomialdistributionprobability.

Syntax

BINOM.DIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Numberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

n Numberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

p Probabilityofsuccessoneachtrial;numberbetween0and1

cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction;ifTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction,whichistheprobabilitythatthereareatmostxsuccesses;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction,whichistheprobabilitythattherearexsuccesses

Remarks

Usethisfunctioninproblemswithafixednumberoftestsortrials,whentherearetwomutuallyexclusivepossibleoutcomes(a"success"anda"failure"),whentrialsareindependent,andwhentheprobabilityofoneoutcomeisconstantthroughouttheexperiment.Thisfunctioncan,forexample,calculatetheprobabilitythattwoofthenextthreebabiesbornaremale.

Thebinomialprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofsuccesses,nisthenumberoftrials,andpistheprobabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.Thecumulativebinomialdistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherenisthenumberoftrials,xisthenumberofsuccesses,andpisthepossibilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,exceptcumulative,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Example

Ababycanbeeithermaleorfemale;forthisexample,assumetheoddsare50/50thatababyiseithermaleorfemale.IffemaleequalsTRUE,wecanusethefollowingtodeterminetheprobabilityofthenext5babiesin10bornbeingfemale.Theprobabilityofthefirstbabybeingfemaleis0.5,andtheprobabilityofexactly5of10babiesbornbeingfemaleis:

BINOM.DIST(5,10,0.5,FALSE)givestheresult0.24609375



VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BINOMDIST



BINOM.DIST.RANGE

Thisfunctionusesbinomialdistributiontocalculatetheprobabilityofatrialresult.

Syntax

BINOM.DIST.RANGE(N,p,s,s2)

Arguments


Argument DescriptionN Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,

thenumberistruncated.

p Referstotheprobabilityofsuccessoneachtrial.Thevalueofthisnumbermustliebetween0and1

s Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

s2 [Optional]Referstotheprobabilitythatnumberofsuccessfultrialswillfallbetweensands2.ThisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequaltosandlessthanorequaltoN.

Remarks

Allthenumericargumentsinthisfunctionwillbetruncatedtointegers.

Iftheargumentspassedarenotnumericvaluesorthevaluesdonotliewithintheconstraints,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.

DataTypes


Examples

BINOM.DIST.RANGE(50,0.35,28)givestheresult0.00116

BINOM.DIST.RANGE(30,0.25,15,25)givestheresult0.00274

VersionAvailable




BINOM.INV

Thisfunctionreturnsthecriterionbinomial,thesmallestvalueforwhichthecumulativebinomialdistributionisgreaterthanorequaltoacriterionvalue.

Syntax

BINOM.INV(n,p,alpha)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionn Numberoftrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated


alpha Alpha,valueforthecriterion

DataTypes


Examples

BINOM.INV(B5,0.75,0.92)

BINOM.INV(R5C2,R8C14,0.75)

BINOM.INV(14,0.75,0.85)givestheresult14

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BINOMDIST



BINOMDIST

Thisfunctioncalculatestheindividualtermbinomialdistributionprobability.

Syntax

BINOMDIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Numberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

n Numberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated


cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction;ifTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction,whichistheprobabilitythatthereareatmostxsuccesses;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction,whichistheprobabilitythattherearexsuccesses

Remarks

Usethisfunctioninproblemswithafixednumberoftestsortrials,whentherearetwomutuallyexclusivepossibleoutcomes(a"success"anda"failure"),whentrialsareindependent,andwhentheprobabilityofoneoutcomeisconstantthroughouttheexperiment.Thisfunctioncan,forexample,calculatetheprobabilitythattwoofthenextthreebabiesbornaremale.

Thebinomialprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofsuccesses,nisthenumberoftrials,andpistheprobabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.Thecumulativebinomialdistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherenisthenumberoftrials,xisthenumberofsuccesses,andpisthepossibilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,exceptcumulative,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Example

Ababycanbeeithermaleorfemale;forthesakeofthisexample,assumetheoddsare50/50thatababyiseithermaleorfemale.IffemaleequalsTRUE,wecanusethefollowingtodeterminetheprobabilityofthenext5babiesin10bornbeingfemale.Theprobabilityofthefirstbabybeingfemaleis0.5,andtheprobabilityofexactly5of10babiesbornbeingfemaleis:



BITAND

ThisfunctioncalculatesbitwiseANDofthetwospecifiedvalues.

Syntax

BITAND(value1, value2)

Arguments

Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,bothvaluesmustbeindecimalformandgreaterthanorequalto0.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,ifthevaluesofbothparameter'sbitsatsamepositionis1onlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.

DataTypes

Acceptsdataindecimalform.Returnsdataindecimalform.

Examples

BITAND(3,6)givestheresult2.

BITAND(4,5)givestheresult4.

VersionAvailable




BITLSHIFT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueshiftedleftbythespecifiednumberofbits.

Syntax

BITLSHIFT(value, shift_amt)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Referstoavaluethatyouwanttoshift.

shift_amt Referstoanumberofbitstobeshiftedby.

Remarks

Shiftinganumberleftissimilartoaddingzeros(0)atrightendofthebinaryrepresentationofthatnumber.Ifshift_amtisanegativenumber,thenthevaluewillbeshiftedtoright.

DataTypes


Examples

BITLSHIFT(3,5)givestheresult96.

BITLSHIFT(1,4)givestheresult16.

VersionAvailable




BITOR

ThisfunctioncalculatesthebitwiseORoftwospecifiednumbers.

Syntax

BITOR(value1, value2)

Arguments


Remarks

Inthisfunction,ifvalueofanyparameter'sbitsatsamepositionis1onlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.

DataTypes

Acceptsdecimalformofdata.Returnsdecimalformofdata.

Examples

BITOR(22,4)givestheresult22.

BITOR(6,3)givestheresult7.

VersionAvailable




BITRSHIFT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueshiftedrightbyspecifiednumberofbits.

Syntax

BITRSHIFT(value, shift_amt)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Referstothevaluethatyouwanttoshift.

shift_amt Referstothenumberofbitstobeshiftedby.

Remarks

Shiftinganumberrightissimilartoremovingdigitsfromrightendofthebinaryrepresentationofthenumber.Ifshift_amtisanegativenumber,thenvaluewillbeshiftedtoleft.

DataTypes


Examples

BITRSHIFT(5,2)givestheresult1.

BITRSHIFT(15,2)givestheresult3.

VersionAvailable




BITXOR

ThisfunctionreturnsbitwiseXORofthetwospecifiednumbers.

Syntax

BITXOR(value1, value2)

Arguments


Remarks

Inthisfunction,ifvalueofanyparameter'sbitsatsamepositionisnotequalonlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.

DataTypes

Acceptsdecimalformofdata.Returnsdecimalformofdata.

Examples

BITXOR(6,2)givestheresult4.

BITXOR(8,3)givestheresult11.

VersionAvailable




CALL

Thisfunctioncallsaprocedure/functiondefinedinaDLLtotheworksheetcell.

Syntax

CALL(register_id, [argument1],...)

CALL(module_text, procedure, type_text, [argument1],...)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionregister_id ReferstothedataspecifyingthereturnedvalueafterexecutingREGISTERorREGISTER.ID

function.

module_text ReferstothestringdataspecifyingthenameoftheDLLthatcontainsthefunction.

procedure Referstothestringdataspecifyingthenameofthefunctiontobecalled.

type_text Referstothedataspecifyingthedatatypesofallargumentsandofthereturnvalue.

argument1,... [Optional]Referstothedataspecifyingdifferentargumentstobepassedtoprocedure.

Remarks

Ifthisfunctionisusedincorrectly,itmaycausethecomputertorestart.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.

Examples

CALL("D:\sum2.dll","Sum2","J")

CALL(B10)whereB10isthecellreferencecontainingtheRegisterfunction.

VersionAvailable




CEILING

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

CEILING(value,signif)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround

signif Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor

Remarks

Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes


Examples

CEILING(C4,B2)

CEILING(B3,0.05)

CEILING(R4C3,1)

CEILING(4.65,2) gives the result 6

CEILING(-2.78,-1) gives the result -3

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FLOOR|EVEN|ODD|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



CEILING.MATH

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueorthenearestinteger.

Syntax

CEILING.PRECISE(value,signif)

Arguments





DataTypes


Examples

CEILING.PRECISE(C4,B2)

CEILING.PRECISE(B3,0.05)

CEILING.PRECISE(R4C3,1)

CEILING.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult6

CEILING.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3

VersionAvailable




CEILING.PRECISE

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueorthenearestinteger.

Syntax

CEILING.PRECISE(value,signif)

Arguments




Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

CEILING.PRECISE(C4,B2)

CEILING.PRECISE(B3,0.05)

CEILING.PRECISE(R4C3,1)

CEILING.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult6

CEILING.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3

VersionAvailable




CELL

Thisfunctionevaluatesinformationabouttheformatting,location,orcontentsofacell.

Syntax

CELL(info,reference)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioninfo Referstoatextvaluethatspecifieswhattypeofcellinformationtoreturn.Thisargumentisrequired.

reference Referstothecelltogetinformationabout.Thisargumentisoptional.

Theinfoargumenthasthefollowingoptions.

Option Returnsaddress Thefirstcellreference,astext.

col Thecolumnnumberofthecell.

color Thevalue1ifthecellisformattedincolorfornegativevalues;otherwise,returns0(zero).

contents Thevalueoftheupper-leftcellinthereference.

filename Afilename(includingfullpath)ofthefilethatcontainsthereference.

format Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothenumberformatofthecell(asshowninthefollowingtable).

parentheses Thevalue1ifthecellisformattedwithparenthesesforpositiveorallvalues;otherwise,returns0.

prefix Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothelabelprefixforthecell.Ifthecellcontainsleft-alignedtext,asinglequotationmark(')isreturned.Ifthecellcontainsright-alignedtext,adoublequotationmark(")isreturned.Ifthetextiscentered,acaret(^)isreturned.Abackslash(\)isreturnedifthetextisfillalignedandemptytextisreturnedifthecellcontainsanythingelse.

protect Thevalue0isreturnedifthecellisnotlockedand1isreturnedifthecellislocked.

row Therownumberofthecell.

type Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothetypeofdatainthecell("b"ifempty,"i"ifthecellcontainsatextconstant,and"v"ifthecellcontainsanythingelse).

width Thecolumnwidthofthecell.

Thefollowingitemsarereturnedwhenusingtheformatoption.

Format ReturnsGeneral "G"

0 "F0"

#,##0 ",0"

0.00 "F2"

#,##0.00 ",2"

$#,##0_);($#,##0) "C0"



$#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0) "C0-"

$#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00) "C2"

$#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00) "C2-"

0% "P0"

0.00% "P2"

0.00E+00 "S2"

#?/?or#??/?? "G"

m/d/yyorm/d/yyh:mmormm/dd/yy "D4"

d-mmm-yyordd-mmm-yy "D1"

d-mmmordd-mmm "D2"

mmm-yy "D3"

mm/dd "D5"

h:mmAM/PM "D7"

h:mm:ssAM/PM "D6"

h:mm "D9"

h:mm:ss "D8"

Remarks

Ifthereferenceargumentisarangeofcells,thisfunctiononlyreturnsinformationfortheupperleftcelloftherange.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringornumericdata.Returnsnumericorstringdata.

Examples

CELL("row",A10)givestheresult10(10isthenumberofcellA10).

CELL("type",B5)returnsthedatatypeoftheinformationcontainedinthecellB5.

VersionAvailable




CHAR

Thisfunctionreturnsthecharacterspecifiedbyanumber.

Syntax

CHAR(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,useanumberbetween1and255specifyingwhichcharacteryouwantfromtheWindowscharacterset(ANSI).

DataTypes


Examples

CHAR(B2)

CHAR(R2C2)

CHAR(66) gives the result B

CHAR(218) gives the result Ú

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CODE|CONCATENATE|LOWER|PROPER|UPPER|TextFunctions



CHIDIST

Thisfunctioncalculatestheone-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHIDIST(value,deg)

Arguments



deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

DataTypes


Examples

CHIDIST(B5,D7)

CHIDIST(R5C2,R7C4)

CHIDIST(6.7,4) gives the result 0.1526169403

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHIINV|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions



CHIINV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheone-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHIINV(prob,deg)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthechi-squareddistribution


DataTypes


Examples

CHIINV(B5,D7)

CHIINV(R5C2,R7C4)

CHIINV(0.75,4) gives the result 1.9225575262

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHIDIST|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions



CHISQ.DIST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.DIST(value,deg,cumulative)

Arguments




cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforvalueanddegarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

CHISQ.DIST(B5,D7,TRUE)

CHISQ.DIST(R5C2,R7C4,TRUE)

CHISQ.DIST(6.7,4,TRUE)givestheresult0.8473830596613241

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHISQ.TEST



CHISQ.DIST.RT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheright-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.DIST.RT(value,deg)

Arguments




Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

CHISQ.DIST.RT(B5,D7)

CHISQ.DIST.RT(R5C2,R7C4)

CHISQ.DIST.RT(6.7,4)givestheresult0.15261694033867584

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST



CHISQ.INV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheleft-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.INV(prob,deg)

Arguments




Remarks

Iftheargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

CHISQ.INV(B5,D7)

CHISQ.INV(R5C2,R7C4)

CHISQ.INV(0.75,4)givestheresult5.385269057779394

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST



CHISQ.INV.RT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheright-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.INV.RT(prob,deg)

Arguments




Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

CHISQ.INV.RT(B5,D7)

CHISQ.INV.RT(R5C2,R7C4)

CHISQ.INV.RT(0.75,4)givestheresult1.9225575262293264

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST



CHISQ.TEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthetestforindependencefromthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.TEST(obs_array,exp_array)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionobs_array Arrayofobservedvaluestotestagainstexpectedvalues

exp_array Arrayofexpectedvaluesagainstwhichtotestobservedvalues

Remarks

Thearraysintheargumentsmustbeofthesamesize.

DataTypes

Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

CHISQ.TEST(B1:C8,B12:C19)

CHISQ.TEST(R1C2:R8C3,R12C2:R19C3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST



CHITEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthetestforindependencefromthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHITEST(obs_array,exp_array)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionobs_array Arrayofobservedvaluestotestagainstexpectedvalues

exp_array Arrayofexpectedvaluesagainstwhichtotestobservedvalues

Thearraysintheargumentsmustbeofthesamesize.

DataTypes


Examples

CHITEST(B1:C8,B12:C19)

CHITEST(R1C2:R8C3,R12C2:R19C3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHIDIST|CHIINV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions



CHOOSE

Thisfunctionreturnsavaluefromalistofvalues.

Syntax

CHOOSE(index,value1,value2,...)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionindex Indexofthespecifiedvaluestoreturn;anintegervaluebetween1and255

value1,etc. Valuesfromwhichtochoose;canhaveupto255values;canbenumbers,cellreferences,cellranges,definednames,formulas,functions,ortext

Thevalueargumentscanberangereferencesaswellassinglevalues.Forexample,theformula:

SUM(CHOOSE(2,A1:A25,B1:B10,C1:C5))

evaluatesto:

SUM(B1:B10)

whichthenreturnsavaluebasedonthevaluesintherangeB1:B10.

Remarks

Thisfunctionisevaluatedfirst,returningthereferenceB1:B10.TheSUMfunctionisthenevaluatedusingB1:B10.

DataTypes

Theindexargumentacceptsnumericdata.Thevalueargumentsacceptanydata.Returnsthetypeofdataofthespecifiedvalue.

Examples

CHOOSE(3,A1,B1,C1,D1,E1) gives the result C1

CHOOSE(3,R1C1,R1C2,R1C3,R1C4,R1C5) gives the result R1C3

CHOOSE(2,"dogs","birds","fish","cats","mice") gives the result birds

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

INDEX|SUM|LookupFunctions



CLEAN

Thisfunctionremovesallnon-printablecharactersfromtext.

Syntax

CLEAN(text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentisanydatafromwhichyouwanttoremovenon-printablecharacters.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoremovetextthatcontainscharactersthatmightnotprintwithyouroperatingsystem.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontoremovesomelow-levelcomputercode,whichisfrequentlyatthebeginningandendofdatafilesandcannotbeprinted

DataTypes


Example

Inthisexample,CHR(7)returnsanon-printablecharacter

CLEAN(CHAR(7)&"text"&CHAR(7))givestheresulttext

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TRIM|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions



CODE

Thisfunctionreturnsanumericcodetorepresentthefirstcharacterinatextstring.ThereturnedcodecorrespondstotheWindowscharacterset(ANSI).

Syntax

CODE(text)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextfromwhichyouwanttodeterminethecodeofthefirstcharacter.

DataTypes


Examples

CODE(H6)

CODE(R6C8)

CODE(""B"") gives the result 66

CODE(""Buffalo"") gives the result 66

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHAR|TextFunctions



COLUMN

Thisfunctionreturnsthecolumnnumberofareference.

Syntax

COLUMN(reference)

Arguments

Theargumentisacellorasinglearea.

Remarks

Ifthereferenceisomitted,thereferenceofthecellthatthefunctionisinisused.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferences.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

COLUMN(A9) gives the result 1

COLUMN(A1:A5) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions



COLUMNS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcolumnsinanarray.

Syntax

COLUMNS(array)

Arguments

Theargumentisanarray,anarrayformula,orarangeofcells.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferencesorarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

COLUMNS(B6:D12) gives the result 3

COLUMNS(R6C2:R12C4) gives the result 3

COLUMNS($B$8:$H$8) gives the result 7

COLUMNS(R[2]C[1]:R[3]C[8]) gives the result 8

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions



COMBIN

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpossiblecombinationsforaspecifiednumberofitems.

Syntax

COMBIN(k,n)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionk Numberrepresentingthenumberofitems;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;mustbe

positiveandgreaterthanorequalton

n Numberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;mustbepositive

Remarks

Acombinationisanysetorsubsetofitems,regardlessoftheinternalorderoftheitems.Contrastwithpermutation(thePERMUTfunction).

Thenumberofcombinationsiscalculatedasfollows:

DataTypes


Examples

COMBIN(C4,B2)

COMBIN(B3,5)

COMBIN(R1C2,2)

COMBIN(8,2) gives the result 28

COMBIN(100,3) gives the result 161700

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PERMUT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



COMBINA

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpossiblecombinations(alongwithrepetitions)forthespecifiednumberofitems.

Syntax

COMBINA(Value, Value_chosen)

Arguments


Argument DescriptionValue Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofitems.Thisvaluemustbepositiveandgreaterthan

orequaltothesecondargumenti.e.Value_chosen.

Value_chosen Referstothenumberofitemsineachpossiblecombination.Thisvaluemustbepositive.

Remarks

ThefollowingequationisusedtocalculatetheCOMBINAfunction:

(Value+Value_chosen-1)/(Value-1)

DataTypes


Examples

COMBINA(5,4)givestheresult70.



VersionAvailable




COMPLEX

Thisfunctionconvertsrealandimaginarycoefficientsintoacomplexnumber.

Syntax

COMPLEX(realcoeff,imagcoeff,suffix)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrealcoeff Coefficientoftherealpartofthecomplexnumber

imagcoeff Coefficientoftheimaginarypartofthecomplexnumber

suffix (Optional)Suffixoftheimaginarypartofthecomplexnumber,maybeeither"i"or"j".Ifomitted,"i"isused.

Remarks

Forthesuffix,uselowercasefor"i"and"j"topreventerrors.

Anerrorisreturnediftherealorimaginarycoefficientsarenon-numeric.

Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

COMPLEX(3,5)

COMPLEX(3,5,"j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMAGINARY|IMREAL|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



CONCAT

Thisfunctionjoinsthetextfetchedfrommultiplestrings.

Syntax

CONCAT(textvalue1, textvalue2,...)

Arguments


textvalue1 Referstoatextstring,orarrayofstrings,tobejoined.

textvalue2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionaltextstringstobejoined.

Remarks

Therecanbeamaximumof253textitemsinarguments(includingtextvalue1).

Intheresult,thisfunctionneverincludesthedelimiter(spaces,ampersandsetc.)betweeneachtextvalueandnevereliminatestheemptyarguments.

DataTypes


Examples

CONCAT(Riot,",",Pauler)givestheresultRiotPauler.

VersionAvailable




CONCATENATE

Thisfunctioncombinesmultipletextstringsornumbersintoonetextstring.

Syntax

CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentscanbestrings,formulasthatreturnastring,orreferencestocellscontainingastring.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

CONCATENATE(B4,D5)

CONCATENATE(R4C2,R5C4)

CONCATENATE(""Gold "", ""Medal"") gives the result Gold Medal

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHAR|EXACT|TextFunctions



CONFIDENCE

Thisfunctionreturnstheconfidenceintervalforapopulationmean.

Syntax

CONFIDENCE(alpha,stdev,size)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionalpha Alpha,significancelevelusedincalculatingconfidencelevel,whereconfidencelevelis100times

(1-alpha)%

stdev Populationstandarddeviationfortherange

size Numberrepresentingthesizeofthesample;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

DataTypes


Examples

CONFIDENCE(0.5,B4,D5)

CONFIDENCE(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)

CONFIDENCE(0.05,3.5,150) gives the result 0.560106363

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions



CONFIDENCE.NORM


Syntax

CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,stdev,size)

Arguments



(1-alpha)%



Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.The#NUM!errorvalueisreturnedifsize<1.

DataTypes


Examples

CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.5,B4,D5)

CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)

CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.05,3.5,150)givestheresult0.5601063629983405

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CONFIDENCE



CONFIDENCE.T


Syntax

CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,stdev,size)

Arguments



(1-alpha)%



Remarks

ThefunctionusesaStudent'stdistribution.Ifsize=1,thefunctionreturnsa#DIV/0!errorvalue.Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

CONFIDENCE.T(0.5,B4,D5)

CONFIDENCE.T(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)

CONFIDENCE.T(0.05,3.5,150)givestheresult0.5646928012079743

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CONFIDENCE



CONVERT

Thisfunctionconvertsanumberfromonemeasurementsystemtoitsequivalentinanothermeasurementsystem.

Syntax

CONVERT(number,from-unit,to-unit)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Numericvaluetoconvert

from-unit Convertibleunits(seetablebelow)ofnumericvaluetoconvert

to-unit Convertibleunits(seetablebelow)ofdesiredresult

Remarks

Inthiscontextameasurementsystemisasetofunitsfordifferenttypesofmeasurements.Thisfunctionconvertsanumberwithonesetofunitstoanumberindifferentsetofunits.

Anerrorvalueisreturnediftheconvertibleunits(from-unitandto-unit)areinvalidorarefromdifferentcategoriesofunittypes(differenttablesbelow).

Thefollowingtableslisttheconvertibleunitsbytheirunittype:

WeightandMassUnitType ConvertibleUnitsGram "g"

Slug "sg"

Pound Mass "lbm"

U "u"

OunceMass "ozm"

DistanceUnitType ConvertibleUnitsMeter "m"

Statute mile "mi"

Nautical mile "Nmi"

Inch "in"

Foot "ft"

Yard "yd"

Angstrom "ang"

Pica(1/72in.) "Pica"

TimeUnitType ConvertibleUnitsYear "yr"



Day "day"

Hour "hr"

Minute "mn"

Second "sec"

PressureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsPascal "Pa"

Atmosphere "atm"

mm of Mercury "mmHg"

ForceUnitType ConvertibleUnitsNewton "N"

Dyne "dyn"

Poundforce "lbf"

EnergyUnitType ConvertibleUnitsJoule "J"

Erg "e"

Thermodynamiccalorie "c"

ITcalorie "cal"

Electronvolt "eV"

Horsepower-hour "Hph"

Watt-hour "Wh"

Foot-pound "flb"

BTU "BTU"

PowerUnitType ConvertibleUnitsHorsepower "HP"

Watt "W"

MagnetismUnitType ConvertibleUnitsTesla "T"

Gauss "ga"

TemperatureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsDegreeCelsius "C"

Degree Fahrenheit "F"

DegreeKelvin "K"

LiquidMeasureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsTeaspoon "tsp"



Tablespoon "tbs"

Fluidounce "oz"

Cup "cup"

U.S.pint "pt"

U.K.pint "uk_pt"

Quart "qt"

Gallon "gal"

Liter "l"

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

CONVERT(68,"F","C")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

OCT2BIN|HEX2DEC|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions



CORREL

Thisfunctionreturnsthecorrelationcoefficientofthetwosetsofdata.

Syntax

CORREL(array1,array2)

Arguments

Thetwoarraysofdataintheargumentsofthisfunctionshouldmeetthesecriteria:

Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,ranges,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thearraysshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thearraysshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.

DataTypes


Examples

CORREL(C1:C10,D1:D10)

CORREL(R1C3:R10C3,R1C4:R10C4)

CORREL({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64}) gives the result 0.9332565253

CORREL({73000,45000,40360},{42,70,40}) gives the result -0.3261046660

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COVAR|StatisticalFunctions



COS

Thisfunctionreturnsthecosineofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

COS(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecosine.

Remarks

Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.

DataTypes


Examples

COS(B2)

COS(R1C3)

COS(45*PI()/180) gives the result 0.7071067812

COS(RADIANS(30))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOS|ACOSH|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



COSH

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccosineofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

COSH(value)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.

DataTypes


Examples

COSH(B3)

COSH(R1C2)

COSH(4) gives the result 27.3082328360

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOSH|COS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



COT

Thisfunctionreturnsthecotangentofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

COT(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecotangent.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

COT(60)givestheresult3.1246

COT(35)givestheresult2.1105

VersionAvailable




COTH

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccotangentofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

COTH(angle)

Arguments


Remarks

Theabsolutevalueofanglemustbelessthan2^27.

DataTypes


Examples

COTH(45)givestheresult1.

COTH(90)givestheresult1.

VersionAvailable




COUNT

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatcontainnumbers.

Syntax

COUNT(value1,value2,...)

COUNT(array)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybeseparatevaluesoranarrayofvalues.Upto255argumentsofindividualcellsmaybeincluded.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofcellsthatcontainnumbersinthespecifiedcellrange.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromCOUNTAwhichalsoincludestextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumbers.

DataTypes


Examples

COUNT(B2,B5,B8,D5,D8)

COUNT(A1:G5)

COUNT(R6C3:R9C4,2)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUNTA|StatisticalFunctions



COUNTA

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofnumberofcellsthatcontainnumbers,text,orlogicalvalues.

Syntax

COUNTA(value1,value2,...)

COUNTA(array)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybeseparatevaluesoranarrayofvalues.Upto255argumentsofindividualcellsmaybeincluded.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofnon-emptycellsinthespecifiedcellrange.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromCOUNTbecauseitincludestextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumbers.

DataTypes


Examples

COUNTA(B2,D2,E4,E5,E6)

COUNTA(A1:G5)

COUNTA(R6C3:R9C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUNT|StatisticalFunctions



COUNTBLANK

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofempty(orblank)cellsinarangeofcellsonasheet.

Syntax

COUNTBLANK(cellrange)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakesacellrangereferenceorarrayasanargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofemptyorblankcellsinthespecifiedcellrangeononesheet.Thisfunctiondoesnotcountcellscontaininganemptystring"".Acellisemptyifthecell'sValueisnull(NothinginVB).Notethatthereisadifferencebeingacell'sValuebeingnullandacell'sValuebeingtheemptystring"".Forexample,considerthefollowingSpreadcodeinC#:

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[0,0].Value=null;//empty

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[1,0].Value="";//string

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[2,0].Value="abc";//string

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[3,0].Value=123.0;//number

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[4,0].Formula="COUNTBLANK(A1:A4)";

TheformulaincellA5evaluatesto1becausecellA1istheonlycellintherangeA1:A4thatisempty.

Note:Spread'simplementationoffunctionsgenerallytriestofollowthebehaviorfoundinpopularspreadsheetapplications.However,notalltheseapplicationsagreewhethertheemptystring""shouldbetreatedthesameasanemptycell.InSpread,boththeCOUNTBLANKandISBLANKfunctionsconsistentlytreattheemptystring""differentlythananemptycell.

DataTypes

Acceptscellrangereference.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

COUNTBLANK(A1:G5)

COUNTBLANK(R6C3:R9C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUNTIF|ISBLANK|TYPE|InformationFunctions



COUNTIF

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatmeetacertaincondition.

Syntax

COUNTIF(cellrange,condition)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncellrange Rangeofcellstocount;cellrangereference

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsarecounted,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

DataTypes


Examples

COUNTIF(A1:G5,"test")

COUNTIF(R6C3:R9C4,"<2")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUNT|COUNTA|COUNTBLANK|SUMIF|StatisticalFunctions



COUNTIFS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatmeetmultipleconditions.

Syntax

COUNTIFS(cellrange,condition)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncellrange Rangeofcellstocount;cellrangereference

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsarecounted,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

DataTypes


Examples

COUNTIFS(A1:G5,"test",B3:D3,"=Yes")

COUNTIFS(R6C3:R9C4,"<2")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUNT|COUNTA|COUNTBLANK|SUMIF|StatisticalFunctions



COUPDAYBS

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysfromthebeginningofthecouponperiodtothesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity

maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity

frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

COUPDAYBS(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|FinancialFunctions



COUPDAYS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdaysinthecouponperiodthatcontainsthesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments






Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

COUPDAYS(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPDAYBS|DURATION|FinancialFunctions



COUPDAYSNC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysfromthesettlementdatetothenextcoupondate.

Syntax

COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments






Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

COUPDAYSNC(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|COUPDAYBS|FinancialFunctions



COUPNCD

Thisfunctionreturnsadatenumberofthenextcoupondateafterthesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments






Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

COUPNCD(A1,A2,A3,A4)

COUPNCD(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPPCD|FinancialFunctions



COUPNUM

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcouponsduebetweenthesettlementdateandmaturitydate.

Syntax

COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments






Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

COUPNUM(A1,A2,A3,A4)

COUPNUM(R6C3:R9C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|FinancialFunctions



COUPPCD

Thisfunctionreturnsadatenumberofthepreviouscoupondatebeforethesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments






Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

COUPPCD(B1,B2,B3,B4)

COUPPCD(R6C3,R9C4,R1C1,R2C2)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPNCD|FinancialFunctions



COVAR

Thisfunctionreturnsthecovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.

Syntax

COVAR(array1,array2)

Arguments


Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,arrays,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thedatasetsshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thedatasetsshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.

Remarks

Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcanexaminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducationinapopulation.

Thecovarianceiscalculatedasfollows,wherenisthesizeofthearraysandmuisthemean.

DataTypes


Examples

COVAR(J2:J5,L2:L5)

COVAR(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)

COVAR({7,5,6},{7,4,4}) gives the result 1

COVAR({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64}) gives the result 144

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CORREL|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



COVARIANCE.P

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthepopulationcovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.

Syntax

COVARIANCE.P(array1,array2)

Arguments



Remarks

Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcandeterminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducationinapopulation.

Thecovarianceiscalculatedasfollows,wherenandyarethesamplemeans,AVERAGE(array1)andAVERAGE(array2),andnisthesamplesize.

DataTypes


Examples

COVARIANCE.P(J2:J5,L2:L5)

COVARIANCE.P(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)

COVARIANCE.P({7,5,6},{7,4,4})givestheresult1

COVARIANCE.P({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})givestheresult144

VersionAvailable




COVARIANCE.S

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthesamplecovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.

Syntax

COVARIANCE.S(array1,array2)

Arguments



Remarks

Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcandeterminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducation.

DataTypes


Examples

COVARIANCE.S(J2:J5,L2:L5)

COVARIANCE.S(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)

COVARIANCE.S({7,5,6},{7,4,4})givestheresult1.5

COVARIANCE.S({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})givestheresult180

VersionAvailable




CRITBINOM

Thisfunctionreturnsthecriterionbinomial,thesmallestvalueforwhichthecumulativebinomialdistributionisgreaterthanorequaltoacriterionvalue.

Syntax

CRITBINOM(n,p,alpha)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionn Numberoftrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated


alpha Alpha,valueforthecriterion

DataTypes


Examples

CRITBINOM(B5,0.75,0.92)

CRITBINOM(R5C2,R8C14,0.75)

CRITBINOM(14,0.75,0.85) gives the result 12

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions



CSC

Thisfunctionreturnsthecosecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

CSC(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecosecant.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

CSC(40)givestheresult1.555

CSC(15)givestheresult3.863

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CSCH



CSCH

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccosecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

CSCH(angle)

Arguments


Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

CSCH(45)givestheresult1.414

CSCH(2.5)givestheresult0.165

VersionAvailable




Functions D to G

FunctionsDtoG

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAVERAGE

DAY DAYS DAYS360 DB

DBCS DCOUNT DCOUNTA DDB

DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT DECIMAL

DEGREES DELTA DEVSQ DGET

DISC DMAX DMIN DOLLAR

DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DPRODUCT DSTDEV

DSTDEVP DSUM DURATION DVAR

DVARP EDATE EFFECT ENCODEURL

EOMONTH ERF ERF.PRECISE ERFC

ERFC.PRECISE ERROR.TYPE ERRORTYPE EUROCONVERT

EVEN EXACT EXP EXPON.DIST

EXPONDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT F.INV

F.INV.RT F.TEST FACT FACTDOUBLE

FALSE FDIST FILTER FILTERXML

FIND FINDB FINV FISHER

FISHERINV FIXED FLOOR FLOOR.MATH

FLOOR.PRECISE FORECAST FORECAST.LINEAR FORMULATEXT

FREQUENCY FTEST FV FVSCHEDULE

GAMMA GAMMA.DIST GAMMA.INV GAMMADIST

GAMMAINV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS

GCD GEOMEAN GESTEP GROWTH



DATE

Thisfunctionreturnstheserialdatevalueforaparticulardate,specifiedbytheyear,month,andday.

Syntax

DATE(year,month,day)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionyear Numberrepresentingtheyear,from1to9999,usingfourdigits;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated

month Numberrepresentingthemonthoftheyear;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated

day Numberrepresentingthedayofthemonth;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated

Ifmonthisgreaterthan12,thenmonthincrementsbythenumberofmonthsover12andtheyearadvances,ifneeded.Forexample,DATE(2003,16,2)returnstheserialnumber38079representingApril2,2004.

Ifdayisgreaterthanthenumberofdaysinthespecifiedmonth,thendayincrementsthenumberofdaysfromthefirstdayofthenextmonth.Forexample,DATE(2004,1,35)returnstheserialnumber38021representingFebruary4,2004.

Ifvaluesfortheargumentsarenotintegers,anydecimalplacesaretruncated.Negativevaluesformonthsaretakenfromtheyearintopreviousyears.Negativevaluesfordaysaretakenfromthemonthintopreviousmonths.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnstheserialnumberofthedate.

Examples

DATE(A1,B1,C1)

DATE(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)

DATE(2019,1,1) gives the result 43466 which can be formatted as 01-01-2019

DATE(2019,2,13) gives the result 43509 which can be formatted as 13-02-2019

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine, DATE function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATEVALUE|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions



https://help.grapecity.com/spread/SpreadNET12ReadMe/webframe.html#LegacyBehaviors.html


DATEDIF

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdays,months,oryearsbetweentwodates.

Syntax

DATEDIF(date1,date2,outputcode)

Arguments

Thefirsttwoargumentsareanydates,asstrings,numericvalues,orDateTimeobjects.

Theoutputcodesare:

Code Description"D" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2

"M" Thenumberofcompletemonthsbetweendate1anddate2

"Y" Thenumberofcompleteyearsbetweendate1anddate2

"YD" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesameyear

"YM" Thenumberofmonthsbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesameyear

"MD" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesamemonthandyear

DataTypes

Acceptsstrings,numericvalues,andDateTimeobjects.StringsandnumbersareconvertedtoDateTimeobjects.

Examples

DATEDIF(A1,B1,C1)

DATEDIF(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)

DATEDIF("2001/1/1","2003/1/1","Y")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso




DATEVALUE

Thisfunctionreturnstheserialnumberofadateenteredastext.

Syntax

DATEVALUE(date_string)

Arguments

Theargumentforthisfunctionisadateasastring.

Remarks

UsethisfunctiontoconvertadaterepresentedbyatextstringtoanExcelserialnumberthatcanbeusedtoperformcalculations.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.Returnsanexcelserialnumberasdate.

Examples

DATEVALUE(B18)

DATEVALUE(R18C2)

DATEVALUE("2019/02/13") gives the result 43509.

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,DATEVALUE function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATE|TIMEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions





DAVERAGE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofvaluesinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray

field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex

criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray

Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.

Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).

Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.

Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.

Remarks

Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAVERAGE(A4:E10,3,A4:E10)

DAVERAGE(A1:A9,"Income",D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DVAR|DVARP|AVERAGE|VAR|VARP|DatabaseFunctions



DAY

Thisfunctionreturnsthedaynumberofthemonth(integer1to31)thatcorrespondstothespecifieddate.

Syntax

DAY(date)

Arguments

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAY(A2)

DAY(R2C1)

DAY(366778) gives the result 14

DAY(33239) gives the result 1 (because 33239 is the value for January 1, 1991)

DAY("7/4/2003 12:00")

DAY(DATE(2003,7,4))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DATE|DATEVALUE|WEEKDAY|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions



DAYS

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysbetweentwodates.

Syntax

DAYS(end_date, start_date)

Arguments

Specifytheend_dateandstart_dateargumentasanumber(asin37806),astringorreferencetocellscontaingtheinformation.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAYS("5/15/11","4/1/11")givestheresult44.

VersionAvailable




DAYS360

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdaysbetweentwodatesbasedona360-dayyear.

Syntax

DAYS360(startdate,enddate,method)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionstartdate Datefromwhichtocalculatedays

enddate Datetowhichtocalculatedays

method [Optional]Methodforcalculatingdays;ifFALSEoromitted,usesU.S.(NASD)method;ifTRUE,usesEuropeanmethod.

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions

Themethodsforcalculatingthenumberofdayscanvary.TheU.S.orNASDmethodworksasfollows:

Ifthestartingdateisthe31stofamonth,itbecomesequaltothe30thofthesamemonth.Iftheendingdateisthe31stofamonthandthestartingdateisearlierthanthe30thofamonth,theendingdatebecomesequaltothe1stofthenextmonth.Iftheendingdateisthe31stofamonthandthestartingdateisthe30thor31stofamonth,theendingdatebecomesequaltothe30thoftheendingdatemonth.

TheEuropeanmethodconsidersstartingdatesorendingdatesthatoccuronthe31stofamonthtobeequaltothe30thofthesamemonth.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontohelpcomputepaymentsifyouraccountingsystemisbasedona360-dayyear(twelve30-daymonths).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthetwodateargumentsandbooleanforthemethodargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAYS360(B8,C8)

DAYS360(R8C2,R8C3)

DAYS360("7/15/2004","12/25/2004") gives the result 160

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



DAY|DATEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions



DB

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiodusingthefixed‑decliningbalancemethod.

Syntax

DB(cost,salvage,life,period,month)

Arguments

Thisfunctionshasthesearguments:

Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset

salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciationperiod

life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated

period Periodforwhichyouwanttocalculatethedepreciation;usethesameunitsasthelifeargument

month [Optional]Numberofmonthsinthefirstyear;ifomitted,thecalculationuses12months

Remarks

Thefixed-decliningbalancemethodcomputesdepreciationatafixedrate.Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatedepreciationforaperiod:

(cost–totaldepreciationfrompriorperiods)xrate

where:

rate=1–((salvage/cost)^(1/life)),roundedtothreedecimalplaces

Depreciationforthefirstandlastperiodsisaspecialcase.Forthefirstperiod,thefunctionusesthisequation:

dep=costxratexmonth/12

Forthelastperiod,thefunctionusesthisequation:

dep=((cost–totaldep.frompriorperiods)xratex(12–month))/12.

DataTypes


Examples

DB(B1,1000,10,1)

DB(R1C2,10000,10,1)

DB(500000,5000,5,1,10) gives the result $25,0833.3333333333

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



DDB|SLN|SYD|FinancialFunctions



DBCS

Thisfunctiontransformshalf-width(single-byte)characterstofull-width(double-byte)characters.

Syntax

DBCS(text_value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youneedtoprovideatextvalueorareferencetoacellthatcontainsthetextvaluetobechanged.

Remarks

Ifthetextvaluedoesnotcontainhalf-widthletters,thenthetextisnotmodified.

DataTypes


Examples

DBCS("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"

VersionAvailable




DCOUNT

Thisfunctioncountsthecellsthatcontainnumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DCOUNT(database, field, criteria)

Arguments



field [Optional]Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex



Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).Thefieldargumentisoptional.Ifomittedthefunctioncountsalltherecordsthatmeetthecriteria.



Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DCOUNT(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DCOUNTA|COUNT|COUNTA|DatabaseFunctions



DCOUNTA

Thisfunctioncountsthenon-blankcellsinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DCOUNTA(database, field, criteria)

Arguments



field [Optional]Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex



Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).Thefieldargumentisoptional.Ifomittedthefunctioncountsalltherecordsthatmeetthecriteria.



Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DCOUNTA(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DCOUNTA(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DCOUNT|COUNT|COUNTA|DAVERAGE|DatabaseFunctions



DDB

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiodusingthedouble-decliningbalancemethodoranothermethodyouspecify.

Syntax

DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)

Arguments



salvage Valueattheendofdepreciation


period Periodforwhichyouwanttocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsasthelifeargument

factor [Optional]Rateatwhichthevaluedeclines;ifomitted,thecalculationuses2(double-decliningmethod)

Allargumentsmustbepositivenumbers.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusesthefollowingcalculationfordepreciationforaperiod:

cost–salvage(totaldepreciationfrompriorperiods)xfactor/life

DataTypes


Examples

DDB(B1,1000,10,1)

DDB(R1C2,10000,10,1)

DDB(500000,5000,5,1,4) gives the result $40,0000

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DB|SYD|FinancialFunctions



DEC2BIN

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoabinarynumber.

Syntax

DEC2BIN(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-512to511


Ifplacesargumentisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisnon-numericoroutsidetherange,oriftheplacesvalueisnon-numeric,negative,ortoosmall.

DataTypes


Examples

DEC2BIN(3,3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DEC2HEX|DEC2OCT|BIN2DEC|OCT2BIN|EngineeringFunctions



DEC2HEX

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoahexadecimalnumber.

Syntax

DEC2HEX(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-549,755,813,888to549,755,813,887



Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DEC2HEX(103,4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DEC2BIN|DEC2OCT|BIN2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions



DEC2OCT

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoanoctalnumber.

Syntax

DEC2OCT(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-536,870,912and536,870,911



Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DEC2OCT(-99)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DEC2BIN|DEC2HEX|BIN2OCT|OCT2BIN|EngineeringFunctions



DECIMAL

Thisfunctionconvertsthetextrepresentation(ofanumberinspecifiedbase)intoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

DECIMAL(text,base)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Referstoanycombinationofvalidalpha-numericcharactersaccordingtothebase.Thisvalueisnot

casesensitive.

base Thisvaluemustbeanintegeranditshouldbegreaterthanorequalto2(binary)andlessthanorequalto36

Remarks

Thelengthofargumenttextmustbelessthanorequalto255characters.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdataforargumenttext.Acceptsonlynumericdataforargumentbase.Returnsnumericorstringdata.

Examples

DECIMAL("FF",21)givestheresult330.

DECIMAL(11,2)givestheresult3

VersionAvailable




DEGREES

Thisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedvaluefromradianstodegrees.

Syntax

DEGREES(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakesanyrealnumberanglevalueastheargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctionconvertsangleinradianstoangleindegrees.

DataTypes


Examples

DEGREES(B3)

DEGREES(R1C2)

DEGREES(PI()) gives the result 180

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

RADIANS|PI|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



DELTA

Thisfunctionidentifieswhethertwovaluesareequal.Returns1iftheyareequal;returns0otherwise.

Syntax

DELTA(value1,value2)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakestwovaluesasarguments.

Remarks

AlsocalledtheKroneckerDeltafunction.ThisisadiscreteversionoftheDiracdeltafunction.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata(0or1).

Examples

DELTA(A1,5)

DELTA(R1C4,R2C5)

DELTA(3,3) gives the result 1

DELTA(3,2) gives the result 0

DELTA(3,2.99999) gives the result 0

DELTA(3,QUOTIENT(6,2)) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GESTEP|EngineeringFunctions



DEVSQ

Thisfunctioncalculatesthesumofthesquaresofdeviationsofdatapoints(orofanarrayofdatapoints)fromtheirsamplemean.

Syntax

DEVSQ(value1,value2,...)

DEVSQ(array)

DEVSQ(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks


Thesumofsquareddeviationsiscalculatedasfollows,wherenisthenumberofvalues.

Ifanarrayorcellreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsorarrayofnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DEVSQ(B3,B5,B9,B10)

DEVSQ(B3:B14)

DEVSQ(R3C2,R5C2,R9C2)

DEVSQ(R3C2:R3C12)

DEVSQ(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 680.875

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions



DGET

Thisfunctionextractsasinglevaluefromacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DGET(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks

Ifnovaluematchesthecriteriaargument,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.A#NUM!errorisreturnedifmorethanonematchisfound.


DataTypes


Examples

DGET(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DGET(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DatabaseFunctions



DISC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthediscountrateforasecurity.

Syntax

DISC(settle,mature,pricep,redeem,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity

mature Maturitydateforthesecurity

pricep Amountinvestedinthesecurity

redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity


Remarks

Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifsettleormatureisnotavalidserialdatenumber,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.Ifpriceporredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

DISC(A1,B1,C4,100,2)

DISC("3/15/2003","5/15/2003",R3C4,R5C5,4)

DISC("5/15/2004","9/1/2004",98.2,100,3) gives the result 0.0602752294

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

RATE|INTRATE|PRICEDISC|FinancialFunctions



DMAX

Thisfunctionreturnsthelargestnumberinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DMAX(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DMAX(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DMAX(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DMIN|MAX|MIN|DatabaseFunctions



DMIN

Thisfunctionreturnsthesmallestnumberinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DMIN(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DMIN(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DMIN(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DMAX|MAX|MIN|DatabaseFunctions



DOLLAR

Thisfunctionconvertsanumbertotextusingcurrencyformat,withthedecimalsroundedtothespecifiedplace.

Syntax

DOLLAR(value,digits)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Numericvaluetoconverttotextusingthecurrencyformat

digits [Optional]Numberofdecimalplacestomaintain;ifnegative,thevalueisroundedtotheleftofthedecimalpoint;ifomitted,thefunctionroundstotwodecimalplaces

Remarks

ThisfunctionusesthecurrentregionalWindowssettingstodeterminetheformatofthereturnedstring.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

DOLLAR(B5,D2)

DOLLAR(R5C2,R2C4)

DOLLAR(1234.5678,3) gives the result $1,234.568

DOLLAR(123.45,1) gives the result $123.5

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DOLLARDE|DOLLARFR|FIXED|TextFunctions



DOLLARDE

Thisfunctionconvertsafractiondollarpricetoadecimaldollarprice.

Syntax

DOLLARDE(fractionaldollar,fraction)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionfractionaldollar Numericvalueexpressedasafraction

fraction Denominatorofthefraction;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Iffractionisnotaninteger,itistruncated.Iffractionislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iffractionis0,a#DIV/0!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

DOLLARDE(1.10,17)

DOLLARDE(R5C2,R2C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DOLLAR|DOLLARFR|FinancialFunctions



DOLLARFR

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumberdollarpricetoafractiondollarprice.

Syntax

DOLLARFR(decimaldollar,fraction)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondecimaldollar Decimalnumber

fraction Denominatorofthefraction;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Iffractionisnotaninteger,itistruncated.Iffractionislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iffractionis0,a#DIV/0!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

DOLLARFR(B5,D2)

DOLLARFR(R5C2,R2C4)

DOLLARFR(1.125,16) gives the result 1.02

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DOLLAR|DOLLARDE|FinancialFunctions



DPRODUCT

Thisfunctionmultipliesthevaluesinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DPRODUCT(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DPRODUCT(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DSUM|DCOUNT|PRODUCT|SUM|DatabaseFunctions



DSTDEV

Thisfunctionestimatesthestandarddeviationofapopulationbasedonasamplebyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DSTDEV(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DSTDEV(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DSTDEVP|DAVERAGE|STDEV|DatabaseFunctions



DSTDEVP

Thisfunctioncalculatesthestandarddeviationofapopulationbasedontheentirepopulationusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DSTDEVP(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DSTDEVP(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DSTDEV|DAVERAGE|STDEV|DatabaseFunctions



DSUM

Thisfunctionaddsthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DSUM(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DSUM(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DSUM(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DPRODUCT|DCOUNT|SUM|PRODUCT|DatabaseFunctions



DURATION

ThisfunctionreturnstheMacauleydurationforanassumedparvalueof$100.

Syntax

DURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency,basis)

Arguments




coupon Annualcouponrate

yield Annualyieldforthesecurity



Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettlementormaturityisinvalidora#NUM!errorwhenfrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Settlement,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifcouponislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

DURATION(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6)

DURATION(R5C2,R2C4,R3C1,R4C1,R5C1)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|MDURATION|FinancialFunctions



DVAR

Thisfunctionestimatesthevarianceofapopulationbasedonasamplebyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DVAR(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DVAR(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DVAR(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DSTDEV|DSTDEVP|DVARP|DAVERAGE|DMIN|DMAX|DatabaseFunctions



DVARP

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevarianceofapopulationbasedontheentirepopulationbyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DVARP(database, field, criteria)

Arguments








Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

DVARP(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DVARP(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DSTDEV|DSTDEVP|DVAR|DAVERAGE|DMIN|DMAX|DatabaseFunctions



EDATE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedatethatistheindicatednumberofmonthsbeforeorafteraspecifieddate.

Syntax

EDATE(startdate,months)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate

months Numberofmonthsbefore(negative)orafter(positive)thestartingdate;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontocalculatematuritydatesorduedatesthatfallonthesamedayofthemonthasthedateofissue.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthestartdateargumentandnumericdataforthemonthsargument.Returnsanumericvalue(anexcelserialnumberasnewdate).

Examples

EDATE(A1,-6)

EDATE(R1C1,4)

EDATE("2004/01/09",2) gives the result 38055

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,EDATE function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATE|EOMONTH|DateandTimeFunctions





EFFECT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheeffectiveannualinterestrateforagivennominalannualinterestrateandthenumberofcompoundingperiodsperyear.

Syntax

EFFECT(nomrate,comper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnomrate Nominalinterestrate

comper Numberofcompoundingperiods;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.The#NUMerrorisreturnedifnomrateislessthanorequaltozeroorifcomperislessthanone.Comperistruncatedtoaninteger.

DataTypes


Examples

EFFECT(J12,B3)

EFFECT(R12C10,R3C2)

EFFECT(6.5%,8) gives the result 0.66878782

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

INTRATE|NOMINAL|FinancialFunctions



ENCODEURL

ThisfunctionreturnsaURLencodedstring.

Syntax

ENCODEURL(text)

Arguments

Specifythetexttobeencodedfortheargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctionisusedtoreplacethespecialcharacters,suchas"/",or"#,or","andsoon,whicheitherisnotavalidcharacterforURLoreitherhasitsownmeaning.

DataTypes


Examples

ENCODEURL(D1)givestheresultTOP,whereD1isthecellreferencewithtextTOP

VersionAvailable




EOMONTH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthelastdayofthemonth(endofmonth)thatistheindicatednumberofmonthsbeforeorafterthestartingdate.Typically,thisfunctionisusedtoevaluateexpirydates,duedatesandotherdatesthataresupposedtolandattheendofamonth.

Syntax

EOMONTH(startdate,months)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate

months Numberofmonthsbefore(negative)orafter(positive)thestartingdate;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthestartdateargumentandnumericdataforthemonthsargument.Returnstheserialnumberforthelastdayofthemonth.

Examples

EOMONTH(A3,6)

EOMONTH(R3C1,-4)

EOMONTH("2019/02/13",2) gives the result 43585

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,EOMONTH function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

EDATE|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions





ERF

Thisfunctioncalculatestheerrorfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerandanupperlimit.

Syntax

ERF(limit,upperlimit)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionlimit Eitherthisisthelowerlimit,iftheupperlimitissupplied,oritistheupperlimit(with0asthelower

limit)ifthesecondargumentisnotsupplied

upperlimit [Optional]Upperlimitforintegratingthefunction

Remarks

Ifupperlimitissupplied,thefunctionisintegratedfromlimittoupperlimit.Ifnotsupplied,thefunctionisintegratedfrom0tolimit.

Ifthereupperlimitisnotsupplied,thefunctioncalculates:

wherexisthelimitargument.

Ifthereupperlimitissupplied,thefunctioncalculates:

whereloisthelimitargumentandhiistheupperlimitargument.

DataTypes


Examples

ERF(K16)

ERF(R16C11,R16,C12)

ERF(0.49) gives the result 0.51166826

ERF(0.25,0.85) gives the result 0.494341544

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

ERFC|STEYX|EngineeringFunctions



ERF.PRECISE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheerrorfunction.

Syntax

ERF.PRECISE(limit)

Arguments

Thisfunctionhasthefollowingargument:

Argument Descriptionlimit Iflimitisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue

DataTypes


Examples

ERF.PRECISE(K16)

ERF.PRECISE(R16C11)

ERF.PRECISE(0.49)givestheresult0.5116682610468377

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERF



ERFC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryerrorfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerlimitandinfinity.

Syntax

ERFC(lowerlimit)

Arguments

Theargumentisthelowerlimitfromwhichtointegratetoinfinitywhencalculatingthisfunction.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryerrorfunctionasfollows:

wherexisthelowerlimitspecifiedintheargument.

DataTypes


Examples

ERFC(K16)

ERFC(R16C11)

ERFC(0.49) gives the result 0.48833174

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERF|STEYX|EngineeringFunctions



ERFC.PRECISE

ThisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryERFfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerlimitandinfinity.

Syntax

ERFC.PRECISE(lowerlimit)

Arguments

Theargumentisthelowerlimitfromwhichtointegratetoinfinitywhencalculatingthisfunction.

Remarks

Iflowerlimitisnonnumeric,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

ERFC.PRECISE(K16)

ERFC.PRECISE(R16C11)

ERFC.PRECISE(0.49)givestheresult0.4883317389531623

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERFC



ERROR.TYPE

Thisfunctionreturnsanumbercorrespondingtooneoftheerrorvalues.

Syntax

ERROR.TYPE(errorvalue)

Arguments

Thevaliderrorvaluesthatcanbeusedintheargumentsandtheircorrespondingreturnedvaluesaresummarizedhere:

ErrorValue FunctionReturns#NULL! 1

#DIV/0! 2

#VALUE! 3

#REF! 4

#NAME? 5

#NUM! 6

#N/A 7

Remarks

YoucanusethisfunctioninanIF-THENstructuretotestfortheerrorvalueandreturnatextstring,suchasamessage,insteadoftheerrorvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptserrorvalueasdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ERROR.TYPE(B13)

ERROR.TYPE(R13C2)

ERROR.TYPE(#REF!)givestheresult4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE



ERRORTYPE

Thisfunctionreturnsanumbercorrespondingtooneoftheerrorvalues.

Syntax

ERRORTYPE(errorvalue)

Arguments

Thevaliderrorvaluesthatcanbeusedintheargumentsandtheircorrespondingreturnedvaluesaresummarizedhere:

ErrorValue FunctionReturns#NULL! 1

#DIV/0! 2

#VALUE! 3

#REF! 4

#NAME? 5

#NUM! 6

#N/A 7

Remarks

YoucanusethisfunctioninanIF-THENstructuretotestfortheerrorvalueandreturnatextstring,suchasamessage,insteadoftheerrorvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptserrorvalueasdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ERRORTYPE(B13)

ERRORTYPE(R13C2)

ERRORTYPE(#REF!) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISERROR|InformationFunctions



EUROCONVERT

ThisfunctionconvertscurrencyfromaEuromembercurrency(includingEuros)toanotherEuromembercurrency(includingEuros).

Syntax

EUROCONVERT(currency,source,target,fullprecision,triangulation)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncurrency Numbertoconvert

source ISOcurrencycodeforthenumbertoconvert(seetablebelow)

target ISOcurrencycodefortheresultoftheconversion(seetablebelow)

fullprecision [Optional]Logicalvaluerepresentingwhethertodisplaythevalueinfullprecisionornot;ifomitted,thevalueisnotdisplayedinfullprecision

triangulation [Optional]Integergreaterthanorequalto3thatspecifiesthenumberofsignificantdigitstobeusedfortheintermediateEurovaluewhenconvertingbetweentwoEuromembercurrencies

Iftriangulationisomitted,thecalculationdoesnotroundtheintermediateEurovalue.IfitisincludedwhenconvertingfromaEuromembercurrencytotheEuro,thecalculationfindstheintermediateEurovaluethatcouldthenbeconvertedtoaEuromembercurrency.

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesnotconvertallcurrencies;onlythoseEuromembercurrencieslistedinthistable.

Country/Region ISOCurrencyCodeBelgium BEF

Luxembourg LUF

Germany DEM

Spain ESP

France FRF

Ireland IEP

Italy ITL

Netherlands NLG

Austria ATS

Portugal PTE

Finland FIM

Euromemberstate EUR

ISOCurrencyCodesarefromISO4217,theinternationalstandarddescribingthree-lettercodestodefinethenamesofcurrencies.ISOisthenicknamefortheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.Thefirsttwolettersofthecode



arethetwo-lettercountrycodes(ISO3166)andthethirdisusuallytheinitialofthecurrencyitself.SoBEFisBelgiumFranc.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericandstringdataformostarguments;thefullprecisionargumentisalogicalvalue.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

EUROCONVERT(B5,"DEM","EUR")

EUROCONVERT(R5C2,"DEM","EUR", TRUE, 3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROUND|FinancialFunctions



EVEN

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvalueuptothenearesteveninteger.

Syntax

EVEN(value)

Arguments

Theargumentcanbeanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbytheargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes


Examples

EVEN(A3)

EVEN(R1C2)

EVEN(5) gives the result 6

EVEN(-2.5) gives the result -4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CEILING|FLOOR|ODD|ISEVEN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



EXACT

Thisfunctionreturnstrueiftwostringsarethesame;otherwise,false.

Syntax

EXACT(text1,text2)

Arguments

Theargumentsaretextstrings.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncomparesthestringinthefirstargumenttothestringinthesecondargument.

Althoughthisfunctioniscase-sensitive,itignoresformattingdifferences.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsbooleandata(trueorfalse).

Examples

EXACT(A3,A5)

EXACT(R3C1,R5C1)

EXACT(""SPREAD"",""spread"") gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CONCATENATE|TextFunctions



EXP

Thisfunctionreturnseraisedtothepowerofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

EXP(value)

Arguments

Theargumentforthisfunctionisanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Mathematically,thisfunctionis(ex).

ThisfunctionistheinverseofLN,soEXP(LN(x))resultsinx.

DataTypes


Examples

EXP(B3)

EXP(R1C2)

EXP(1) gives the result 2.7182818285

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LN|LOG|POWER|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



EXPON.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialdistributionortheprobabilitydensity.

Syntax

EXPON.DIST(value,lambda,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valueofthefunction;mustbepositiveorzero

lambda Parametervalue;mustbegreaterthanzero

cumulative Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitydensity

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontomodelthetimebetweenevents,suchashowlonganautomatedbanktellertakestodelivercash.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontodeterminetheprobabilitythattheprocesstakesatmostoneminute.

Thecumulativedistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthevalueargument,lambdaisthelambdaargument.

Theprobabilitydensityiscalculatedasfollows:


DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata,exceptthethirdargument,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

EXPON.DIST(C12,10,TRUE)

EXPON.DIST(R12C3,8,FALSE)

EXPON.DIST(0.2,10,TRUE)givestheresult0.8646647167633873

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



EXPONDIST



EXPONDIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialdistributionortheprobabilitydensity.

Syntax

EXPONDIST(value,lambda,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valueofthefunction;mustbepositiveorzero

lambda Parametervalue;mustbegreaterthanzero

cumulative Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitydensity

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontomodelthetimebetweenevents,suchashowlonganautomatedbanktellertakestodelivercash.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontodeterminetheprobabilitythattheprocesstakesatmostoneminute.

Thecumulativedistributioniscalculatedasfollows:


Theprobabilitydensityiscalculatedasfollows:


DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata,exceptthethirdargument,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

EXPONDIST(C12,10,TRUE)

EXPONDIST(R12C3,8,FALSE)

EXPONDIST(0.2,10,TRUE) gives the result 0.8646647168

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



F.DIST

ThisfunctioncalculatestheFprobabilitydistribution,toseedegreesofdiversitybetweentwosetsofdata.

Syntax

F.DIST(value,degnum,degden,cumulative)

Arguments



degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated


DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

F.DIST(A1,2,2,TRUE)

F.DIST(R1C1,2,1,TRUE)

F.DIST(16.83975,5,3,TRUE)givestheresult0.9789999175380504

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FDIST



F.DIST.RT


Syntax

F.DIST.RT(value,degnum,degden)

Arguments





Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

F.DIST.RT(A1,2,2)

F.DIST.RT(R1C1,2,1)

F.DIST.RT(16.83975,5,3)givestheresult0.021000082461949843

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FDIST



F.INV

ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution.

Syntax

F.INV(p,degnum,degden)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionp ProbabilityassociatedwiththeFcumulativedistribution



Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=F.DIST(x,...),thenF.INV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes


Examples

F.INV(A1,2,2)

F.INV(R1C1,2,1)

F.INV(0.021,5,3)givestheresult0.11813305544967191

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FINV



F.INV.RT


Syntax

F.INV.RT(p,degnum,degden)

Arguments





Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=FDIST.RT(x,...),thenFINV.RT(p,...)=x.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

F.INV.RT(A1,2,2)

F.INV.RT(R1C1,2,1)

F.INV.RT(0.021,5,3)givestheresult16.83979663538795

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FINV



F.TEST

ThisfunctionreturnstheresultofanF-test,whichreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilitythatthevariancesintwoarraysarenotsignificantlydifferent.

Syntax

F.TEST(array1,array2)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybearraysofvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

F.TEST(A1:D34,A35:D68)

F.TEST(R1C1:R34C4,R35C1:R68C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FTEST



FACT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthefactorialofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

FACT(number)

Arguments


Remarks

Thefactorialistheproductofthepositiveintegerslessthanorequaltoanumberandiscalculatedas1x2x3x...xnumber,andistypicallywrittenasn!fornbeingthenumber.Forexample,4!is1x2x3x4,whichis24.Theargumentmustbeanon-negativenumber.Ifyouprovideanumberthatisnotanintegerfortheargument,thedecimalportionofthenumberisignored.

DataTypes


Examples

FACT(B3)

FACT(R1C2)

FACT(10) gives the result 3628800

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FACTDOUBLE|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



FACTDOUBLE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedoublefactorialofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

FACTDOUBLE(number)

Arguments

Theargumentcanbeanynon-negativenumericvalue.

Remarks

Thenumberargumentmustbeanon-negativenumber.Ifyouprovideanumberthatisnotanintegerforthenumberargument,thedecimalportionofthenumberisignored.Thedoublefactorialiscalculatedasfollowsforevennumbers:

n!!=n(n-2)(n-4)...(4)(2)

Thedoublefactorialiscalculatedasfollowsforoddnumbers:

n!!=n(n-2)(n-4)...(3)(1)

DataTypes


Examples

FACTDOUBLE(E3)

FACTDOUBLE(R3C5)

FACTDOUBLE(6) gives the result 48

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FACT|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



FALSE

ThisfunctionreturnsthevalueforlogicalFALSE.

Syntax

FALSE()

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumeric(boolean)data.

Example

FALSE()givestheresult0(FALSE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IF|TRUE|LogicalFunctions



FDIST


Syntax

FDIST(value,degnum,degden)

Arguments





DataTypes


Examples

FDIST(A1,2,2)

FDIST(R1C1,2,1)

FDIST(16.83975,5,3) gives the result 0.021

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FINV|StatisticalFunctions



FILTER

Thisfunctionallowsuserstofilteracellrangeonthebasisofthedefinedcriteria.TheFilteroperationcanbeperformedbasedonasinglecriterionormultiplecriteria.

Inordertocombinetwoormorefilterconditions,userscanusethe"*"operatorandthe"+"operator.The*operatorwillmultiplytwosetsofconditionsinordertojointhefiltercriteriawithANDlogic[whenboththefilterconditionshavetobeTRUE].The+operatorwillsimplyjointhetwosetsofconditionswithORlogic[whenonefilterconditioncanbeTRUEandtheothercanbeFALSE].

Syntax

FILTER(array,include,[if_empty])

Arguments

FILTERfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttofilter.

include [required]Specifiesthefilterconditionexpressedusinganintersectingsub-rangeandconditionalexpressions.

if_empty [optional]Specifiestheoptionalvaluethatuserswanttoreturnwhenthefilterresultisempty.Ifvalueisnotspecifiedforthisparameter,then#CALC!erroristhrown.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellrangeoranarrayofdatathatyouwanttofilter.Returnsafilteredarray.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellF5inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=FILTER(A5:D17,C5:C17=F1)".ThisformulafiltersthecellrangeA5toD17basedononefiltercriteria(whenthecellrangeC5toC17matchestheProductvalueincellF1i.e.Apple).Asaresult,allthevaluesinthecellrangeA5toD17containingproductas"Apple"willbedisplayed.

Inanotherexample,thecellF14inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=FILTER(A5:D17,(C5:C17=F1)*(A5:A17=F2))".ThisformulafiltersthecellrangeA5toD17basedontwofilterconditionsthatarespecifiedbythemultiplication(*)operator.ThefirstconditionisthecellrangeC5toC17shouldmatchtheProductvalueincellF1i.e.AppleandthesecondconditionisthecellrangeA5toA17shouldmatchtheregion"East".Asaresult,allthevaluesinthecellrangeA5toD17containingProductas"Apple"andRegionas"East"willbedisplayed.



VersionAvailable




FILTERXML

ThisfunctionreturnsspecificdatafromtheXMLcontentusingthespecifiedXPath.

Syntax

FILTERXML(xml,xpath)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionxml ReferstoavalidXMLformattedstring

xpath ReferstoastandardXPathformattedstring

Remarks

IftheXMLstringisinvalidorifitcontainsanamespacewithaprefixwhichisnotvalid,thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

FILTERXML(A3,"//cd/@title")

VersionAvailable




FIND

Thisfunctionfindsonetextvaluewithinanotherandreturnsthetextvalue’spositioninthetextyousearched.

Syntax

FIND(findtext,intext,start)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionfindtext Textyouaretryingtofind;ifempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirstcharacterinthesearchstring

(thatis,thecharacternumberedstartor1);cannotcontainwildcardcharacters

intext Textthroughwhichyouaresearching

start [Optional]Numberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch;thefirstcharacterofintextis1;ifomitted,thecalculationstartsat1;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Thisfunctionperformsacase-specificsearch(forexample,tospecifyacapitalletterandnotlowercaseletters).

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthefindtextargument,stringdatafortheintextargument,andnumericdataforthestartargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

FIND(""G"",A2,1)

FIND(""G"",R2C1,1)

FIND(""P"",""FarPoint Technologies"") gives the result 4

FIND(""n"",""FarPoint Technologies"",8) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

REPLACE|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions



FINDB

Thisfunctionfindsthespecifiedtextstring(1)withinanothertextstring(2)andreturnsthenumberofthestartingpositionofthespecifiedtextstring(1)fromthefirstcharacteroftheanothertextstring(2).

Syntax

FINDB(findtext,intext,start)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionfindtext Referstothetextyouaretryingtofind.Ifthevalueisempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirst

characterinthesearchstring(i.e.thecharacternumberedstartor1).Thisvaluecannotcontainwildcardcharacters.

intext Referstothetextthroughwhichyouaresearching.

start [Optional]Referstothenumberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch.Thefirstcharacterofintextis1;ifomitted,thecalculationstartsat1.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

TheFINDBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.


DataTypes


Examples

FINDB("ea","rheabuto")givestheresult3.

FINDB("to","rheabuto")givestheresult7.

VersionAvailable




FINV


Syntax

FINV(p,degnum,degden)

Arguments





Ifeitherdegnumordegdenisnotaninteger,itistruncated.

Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=FDIST(x,...),thenFINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes


Examples

FINV(A1,2,2)

FINV(R1C1,2,1)

FINV(0.021,5,3) gives the result 16.83975

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FDIST|StatisticalFunctions



FISHER

ThisfunctionreturnstheFishertransformationforaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FISHER(value)

Arguments

Provideanumericvaluethatislessthan1andgreaterthan–1forwhichyouwantthetransformation.

Remarks

Thistransformationproducesanapproximatelynormaldistribution.Usethisfunctiontoperformhypothesistestingonthecorrelationcoefficient.

TheFishertransformationiscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthevalueargument.

DataTypes


Examples

FISHER(A43)

FISHER(R4C12)

FISHER(-0.65) gives the result -0.7752987062

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FISHERINV|StatisticalFunctions



FISHERINV

ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFishertransformationforaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FISHERINV(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisthespecifiednumericvalue.

Remarks

Usethistransformationwhenanalyzingcorrelationsbetweenrangesorarraysofdata.ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFishertransformation,soify=FISHER(x),thenFISHERINV(y)=x.

TheinverseFishertransformationiscalculatedasfollows:

whereyisthevalueargument.

DataTypes


Examples

FISHERINV(A43)

FISHERINV(R4C12)

FISHERINV(0.56) gives the result 0.5079774329

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FISHER|StatisticalFunctions



FIXED

Thisfunctionroundsanumbertothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces,formatsthenumberindecimalformatusingaperiodandcommas(ifsospecified),andreturnstheresultastext.

Syntax

FIXED(num,digits,notcomma)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnum Numbertoroundandconverttotext

digits [Optional]Numberofdecimalplaces;ifomitted,usestwoplaces

notcomma [Optional]Logicalvaluewhethernottousecommas;ifomittedorFALSE,returnswithcommas

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforfirsttwoarguments;acceptslogicalvalueforthethirdargument.Returnsstring(text)data.

Examples

FIXED(B3)

FIXED(R3C2,2,FALSE)

FIXED(4.2365,3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DOLLAR|TextFunctions



FLOOR

Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FLOOR(value,signif)

Arguments




Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedtowardzero.

DataTypes


Examples

FLOOR(C4,B2)

FLOOR(B3,0.05)

FLOOR(R1C2,1)

FLOOR(4.65,2) gives the result 4

FLOOR(-2.78,-1) gives the result -2

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|ODD|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



FLOOR.MATH

Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FLOOR.MATH(value,signif,mode)

Arguments



signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor

mode [Optional]Representsthedirection(towardsorawayfrom0)toroundnegativevalue

Remarks

Positivenumberswithdecimalpartsareroundeddowntothenearestinteger.

Negativenumberswithdecimalpartsareroundedawayfrom0tothenearestinteger.

DataTypes


Examples

FLOOR.MATH(-3.1,3,4)givestheresult-3

FLOOR.MATH(-6.3,8)givestheresult-8

VersionAvailable




FLOOR.PRECISE

Summary

Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueortothenearestinteger.

Syntax

FLOOR.PRECISE(value,signif)

Arguments



signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor

Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedtowardzero.

DataTypes


Examples

FLOOR.PRECISE(C4,B2)

FLOOR.PRECISE(B3,0.05)

FLOOR.PRECISE(R1C2,1)

FLOOR.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult4

FLOOR.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3

VersionAvailable




FORECAST

Thisfunctioncalculatesafuturevalueusingexistingvalues.

Syntax

FORECAST(value,Yarray,Xarray)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valueforwhichtopredictthefuturedependentvalue

Yarray Anarrayofknowndependentvalues(y’s)

Xarray Anarrayofknownindependentvalues(x’s)

Remarks

Thepredictedvalueisayvalueforagivenxvalue.Theknownvaluesareexistingxvaluesandyvalues,andthenewvalueispredictedbyusinglinearregression.Youcanusethisfunctiontopredictfuturesales,inventoryrequirements,orconsumertrends.

Thisfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherevisthevalueargument,YistheYarrayargument,XistheXarrayargument,andnisthesizeofthearrays.

DataTypes


Examples

FORECAST(30,G1:G9,F1:F9)

FORECAST(30,R1C7:R9C7,R1C6:R9C6)

FORECAST(45,{53000,57000,58000,69000,74500,55620,80000, 68700},{35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39}) gives the result 67060.8665320360

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

INTERCEPT|StatisticalFunctions



FORECAST.LINEAR

Thisfunctioncalculatesfuturevaluebyusingexistingvalues.

Syntax

FORECAST.LINEAR(x, known_y, known_x)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Referstothenumericdataspecyfingdatapointtopredictavaluefor.

known_y Referstothenumericdata(array)specifyingknowny-values.

known_x Referstothenumericdata(array)specifyingknownx-values.

Remarks

Thisfunctionpredictsanewvalueonalinearbasis.Hence,ifthedatafollowsseasonalvariances,thisfunctionisnotuseful.

DataTypes

Acceptsonlynumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

FORECAST.LINEAR(7,B4:B8,C4:C8)

VersionAvailable




FORMULATEXT

Thisfunctionreturnsaformulaasastring.

Syntax

FORMULATEXT(reference)

Arguments

Specifythereferencetosinglecellorrangeofcellsfortheargument.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,textdisplayedintheformulabarofthespecifiedcellisreturned.Referenceargumentcanrefertocell(orcells)ofanotherworksheetorworkbooktoo.Valueofupperleftmostcellorrowisreturned,ifanentireroworcolumnisrefered.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceforargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

FORMULATEXT(B7)givesthevalue#N/A

VersionAvailable




FREQUENCY

Thisfunctioncalculateshowoftenvaluesoccurwithinarangeofvalues.Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalarrayofnumbers.

Syntax

FREQUENCY(dataarray,binarray)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondataarray Arrayofvaluesorareferencetoasetofvaluesforwhichtocountfrequencies

binarray Arrayofintervalsorareferencetointervalsintowhichtogroupthevaluesofdataarray

Remarks

Thenumberofelementsinthereturnedarrayisonegreaterthanthenumberofelementsinbinarray.Theextraelementinthereturnedarrayisthecountofvaluesindataarraythatisabovethehighestvalueinbinarray.

UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarrays.

DataTypes

Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.

Examples

FREQUENCY(A1:A7,C2:C5)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|CONFIDENCE|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



FTEST

ThisfunctionreturnstheresultofanF-test,whichreturnstheone-tailedprobabilitythatthevariancesintwoarraysarenotsignificantlydifferent.

Syntax

FTEST(array1,array2)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybearraysofvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

FTEST(A1:D34,A35:D68)

FTEST(R1C1:R34C4,R35C1:R68C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ZTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions



FV

Thisfunctionreturnsthefuturevalueofaninvestmentbasedonapresentvalue,periodicpayments,andaspecifiedinterestrate.

Syntax

FV(rate,numper,paymt,pval,type)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrate Interestrateexpressedaspercentage(perperiod)

numper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods

paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod

pval [Optional]Presentvalue;ifomitted,useszeroandthecalculationisbasedonthepaymtargument.

type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)

Remarks

Useconsistentunitsforspecifyingtherateandnumberofperiodsarguments.Ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonafive-yearloanat8percentannualinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargumentand5*12forthenumberofperiodsargument.Ifyoumakeannualpaymentsonthesameloan,use0.08forrateand5fornumberofperiods.

Forthearguments,moneypaidout(suchasdepositsinaninvestment)isrepresentedbynegativenumbers;moneyyoureceive(suchasdividendchecks)isrepresentedbypositivenumbers.

SeethePVfunctionfortheequationsforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

FV(A1/12,48,B1,1000,0)

FV(R1C1/12,48,R1C2,1000,0)

FV(0.005,60,-100,100,1) gives the result $6877.00

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FVSCHEDULE|NPER|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions



FVSCHEDULE

Thisfunctionreturnsthefuturevalueofaninitialprincipalafterapplyingaseriesofcompoundinterestrates.Calculatefuturevalueofaninvestmentwithavariableoradjustablerate.

Syntax

FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprincipal Presentvalueoftheprincipal

schedule Schedule,arrayofinterestratestoapply

DataTypes


Examples

FVSCHEDULE(4,A1:C1)

FVSCHEDULE(45,R1C1:R7C1)

FVSCHEDULE(1000,{0.8,0.6,0.7}) gives the result 4896

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FV|FinancialFunctions



GAMMA

Thisfunctioncalculatesthegammafunctionvalue.

Syntax

GAMMA(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberwhosevalueiseithergreaterthan1orequalto1.

Remarks

Thevaluepassedintheargumentsshouldnotbeanegativeintegeror0.Ifthespecifiednumberisa0oranegativeinteger,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!error.

Ifthespecifiednumberpossessesinvalidcharacters,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!error.

DataTypes


Examples

GAMMA(7.5)givestheresult1871.254

GAMMA(1)givestheresult1

GAMMA(-1.23)givestheresult#NUM!

VersionAvailable




GAMMA.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthegammadistribution.

Syntax

GAMMA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution



cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction.

Remarks

Theequationforthisfunctionis:

DataTypes


Examples

GAMMA.DIST(A5,1,3,FALSE)

GAMMA.DIST(R5C1,2,1,TRUE)

GAMMA.DIST(4,3,2,TRUE)givestheresult0.3233235838169362

GAMMA.DIST(4,3,2,FALSE)givestheresult0.1353352832366127

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GAMMA



GAMMA.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthegammacumulativedistribution.

Syntax

GAMMA.INV(p,alpha,beta)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionp Probability



Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=GAMMA.DIST(x,...),thenGAMMA.INV(p,...)=x.Thestandardgammadistributionisreturnedifbeta=1.

DataTypes


Examples

GAMMA.INV(A3,3,4)

GAMMA.INV(0.8902,R3C8,R3C9)

GAMMA.INV(0.75,2,3)givestheresult8.077903586669088

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GAMMA



GAMMADIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthegammadistribution.

Syntax

GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments





cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

GAMMADIST(A5,1,3,FALSE)

GAMMADIST(R5C1,2,1,TRUE)

GAMMADIST(4,3,2,TRUE) gives the result 0.3233235838

GAMMADIST(4,3,2,FALSE) gives the result 0.1353352832

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BETADIST|GAMMAINV|GAMMALN|KURT|POISSON|StatisticalFunctions



GAMMAINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthegammacumulativedistribution.

Syntax

GAMMAINV(p,alpha,beta)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionp Probability



Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=GAMMADIST(x,...),thenGAMMAINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes


Examples

GAMMAINV(A3,3,4)

GAMMAINV(0.8902,R3C8,R3C9)

GAMMAINV(0.75,2,3) gives the result 8.0779035867

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GAMMADIST|GAMMALN|StatisticalFunctions



GAMMALN

ThisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmoftheGammafunction,G(x).

Syntax

GAMMALN(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Thisfunctioniscalculatedasthenaturallogarithm(LN)oftheGammafunction.


wherexisthevalueargument.

DataTypes


Examples

GAMMALN(A4)

GAMMALN(R4C1)

GAMMALN(12) gives the result 17.5023078459

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GAMMADIST|GAMMAINV|LN|StatisticalFunctions



GAMMALN.PRECISE

ThisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmoftheGammafunction,G(x).

Syntax

GAMMALN.PRECISE(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Thisfunctioniscalculatedasthenaturallogarithm(LN)oftheGammafunction.Ifvalueisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.Ifx≤0,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

GAMMALN.PRECISE(A4)

GAMMALN.PRECISE(R4C1)

GAMMALN.PRECISE(12)givestheresult17.502307845873887

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GAMMA



GAUSS

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobability(intheformofanumericvalue)specifyingthatamemberofastandardnormalpopulationwillfallbetweenthemeanandspecifiedstandarddeviationsfromthemean.

Syntax

GAUSS(z)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumber.

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorvalueifzisnotavalidnumberoravaliddatatype.

DataTypes


Examples

GAUSS(10)givestheresult0.5

GAUSS(-5)givestheresult-0.499

VersionAvailable




GCD

Thisfunctionreturnsthegreatestcommondivisoroftwonumbers.

Syntax

GCD(number1,number2)

Arguments

Theargumentsaretwonumericvaluesorarrays.Iftheargumentsarenotintegers,theyaretruncatedtointegers.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Thegreatestcommondivisoristhelargestintegerthatdividesbothnumberswithoutaremainder.

DataTypes


Examples

GCD(B5,G7)

GCD(R5C2,R7C7)

GCD(3348,972) gives the result 108 GCD(12.8,16.3) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LCM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



GEOMEAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthegeometricmeanofasetofpositivedata.

Syntax

GEOMEAN(value1,value2,...)

GEOMEAN(array)

GEOMEAN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Youcanspecifyasetofnumericvalues.Youcanalsouseasinglearrayorareferencetoanarrayinsteadofargumentsseparatedbycommas.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Datashouldbeprovidedsothatthevalueargumentsshouldbegreaterthanzero.

Remarks

Youcanusethisfunctiontocalculateaveragegrowthrategivencompoundinterestwithvariablerates.


DataTypes


Examples

GEOMEAN(F1:F9)

GEOMEAN(R1C6:R9C6)

GEOMEAN(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 40.1461796637

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HARMEAN|StatisticalFunctions



GESTEP

Thisfunction,greaterthanorequaltostep,returnsanindicationofwhetheranumberisequaltoathreshold.

Syntax

GESTEP(number,step)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Valuetotestagainstthestep(whichiseithersteporzero)

step [Optional]Valueofthethresholdagainstwhichtotest;ifomitted,useszero

Remarks

Ifthenumberisgreaterthanorequaltothestep,thisfunctionreturnsone.Otherwiseitreturnszero.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumeric(0or1)data.

Examples

GESTEP(B5,7)

GESTEP(43) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DELTA|EngineeringFunctions



GROWTH

Thisfunctioncalculatespredictedexponentialgrowth.Thisfunctionreturnstheyvaluesforaseriesofnewxvaluesthatarespecifiedbyusingexistingxandyvalues.

Syntax

GROWTH(y,x,newx,constant)

Remarks


Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x

x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x

newx Newxvaluesforwhichthisfunctionsreturnsthecorrespondingyvalues

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal1

Ifconstantistrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally.Ifconstantisfalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=m^x.

Ifxisomittedthenxdefaultstothearray{1,2,3...},thathasthesamedimensionsasy.

Ifnewxisomittedthenitdefaultstox.

Remarks

UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.

DataTypes


Examples

GROWTH(A2:A7,C2:C7,A9:A10)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|FREQUENCY|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|TREND|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



Functions H to L

FunctionsHtoL

HARMEAN HEX2BIN HEX2DEC HEX2OCT

HLOOKUP HOUR HYPERLINK HYPGEOM.DIST

HYPGEOMDIST IF IFERROR IFNA

IFS IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT

IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH IMCOT

IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV IMEXP

IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER

IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC IMSECH

IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT IMSUB

IMSUM IMTAN INDEX INDIRECT

INFO INT INTERCEPT INTRATE

IPMT IRR ISBLANK ISERR

ISERROR ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL

ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISO.CEILING

ISODD ISOWEEKNUM ISPMT ISREF

ISTEXT JIS KURT LARGE

LCM LEFT LEFTB LEN

LENB LINEST LN LOG

LOG10 LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORM.DIST

LOGNORM.INV LOGNORMDIST LOOKUP LOWER



HARMEAN

Thisfunctionreturnstheharmonicmeanofadataset.

Syntax

HARMEAN(value1,value2,...)

HARMEAN(array)

HARMEAN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Youcanspecifyasetofnumericvalues.Youcanalsouseasinglearrayorareferencetoanarrayinsteadofargumentsseparatedbycommas.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Datashouldbeprovidedsothatthevalueargumentsshouldbegreaterthanzero.

Remarks

Theharmonicmeanisalwayslessthanthegeometricmean,whichisalwayslessthanthearithmeticmean


DataTypes


Examples

HARMEAN(F1:F9)

HARMEAN(R1C6:R9C6)

HARMEAN(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 39.2384929823

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GEOMEAN|StatisticalFunctions



HEX2BIN

Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoabinarynumber.

Syntax

HEX2BIN(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Hexadecimalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbebetweenFFFFFFFE00and1FF


Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthenumberisnotavalidhexadecimalvalueorifthevalueforplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes


Examples

HEX2BIN("F",5)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HEX2DEC|HEX2OCT|BIN2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions



HEX2DEC

Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

HEX2DEC(number)

Arguments

Specifythenumbertoconvert,whichislimitedtoamaximumof10characters.

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidormorethan10characters.

DataTypes


Examples

HEX2DEC("FF")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HEX2BIN|HEX2OCT|BIN2DEC|OCT2DEC|EngineeringFunctions



HEX2OCT

Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoanoctalnumber.

Syntax

HEX2OCT(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Hexadecimalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbebetweenFFE0000000and1FFFFFFF


Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthenumberisnotavalidhexadecimalnumberorifthevalueforplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes


Examples

HEX2OCT("2B")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HEX2BIN|HEX2DEC|BIN2OCT|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions



HLOOKUP

Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueinthetoprowandthenreturnsavalueinthesamecolumnfromaspecifiedrow.

Syntax

HLOOKUP(value,array,row,approx)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valuetobefoundinthefirstrow

array Arrayorrangethatcontainsthedatatosearch

row Rownumberinthearrayfromwhichthematchingvaluewillbereturned

approx [Optional]Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertofindanapproximatematch;ifomitted,usesTRUEandfindsanapproximatematch

Remarks

IfapproxisFALSE,itfindsanexactmatch,notanapproximatematch.Ifitcannotfindone,itreturnsan#N/Aerrorvalue.

IfapproxisTRUEoromitted,andthevaluecannotbefound,thenthelargestvaluethatislessthanthevalueisused.

ThisfunctionissimilartoVLOOKUPexceptthatitsearchesbyrow(horizontally),insteadofvertically(bycolumn).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

HLOOKUP("Test",A1:D5,3,TRUE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

VLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions



HOUR

Thisfunctionreturnsthehourthatcorrespondstoaspecifiedtime.

Syntax

HOUR(time)

Arguments

Specifythetimeargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),aDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asinTIME(12,0,0).Formoredetailsonthedateandtimeinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions


Remarks

Thehourisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0(12:00A.M.)to23(11:00P.M.).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

HOUR(A2)

HOUR(R2C1)

HOUR(0.25) gives the result 6

HOUR(347.25) gives the result 6

HOUR("2:22 PM") gives the result 14

HOUR("2:22 AM") gives the result 2

HOUR(TIME(12,0,0))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MINUTE|SECOND|DateandTimeFunctions



HYPERLINK

ThisfunctioncreatesshortcutthatopensdocumentstoredontheInternet.

Syntax

HYPERLINK(link,[display_name])

Arguments


Argument Descriptionlink ReferstotheURLofthedocument

display_name [Optional]Referstothetextthatappearsinthecell;ifthisisexculede,wholelinkappearsinthecell

Remarks

Clickthecellandholdthemousebuttonuntilpointerbecomesacross,toselectthecellandnotjumptothehyperlinkdestination.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

HYPERLINK("http://grapecity.com","Clickfordemo")givestheresultClickforDemo

VersionAvailable




http://grapecity.com/

HYPGEOM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthehypergeometricdistribution.

Syntax

HYPGEOM.DIST(x,n,M,N,cumulative)

Arguments

Theargumentsareasfollows,andaretruncatedifnotintegers:

Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthesample

n Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthesample

M Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthepopulation

N Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthepopulation

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifthisargumentisFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction

Remarks

Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

HYPGEOM.DIST(A22,B23,62,1000,C10)

HYPGEOM.DIST(R22C11,R22C12,R34C14,R35C15,R10C5)

HYPGEOM.DIST(2,37,6,100,200)givestheresult0.6079646750428083

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HYPGEOMDIST



HYPGEOMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthehypergeometricdistribution.

Syntax

HYPGEOMDIST(x,n,M,N)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthesample

n Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthesample

M Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthepopulation

N Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthepopulation

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

HYPGEOMDIST(A22,B23,62,1000)

HYPGEOMDIST(R22C11,R22C12,R34C14,R35C15)

HYPGEOMDIST(2,37,6,100) gives the result 0.3327981975

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|GAMMADIST|StatisticalFunctions



IF

Thisfunctionperformsacomparisonandreturnsoneoftwoprovidedvaluesbasedonthatcomparison.

Syntax

IF(valueTest,valueTrue,valueFalse)

Arguments


Argument DescriptionvalueTest Valueorexpressiontoevaluate

valueTrue Valuetoreturnifthetestevaluatestotrue

valueFalse Valuetoreturnifthetestevaluatestofalse

Remarks

ThevalueofvalueTestisevaluated.Ifitisnon-zero(orTRUE),thenvalueTrueisreturned.Ifitiszero(orFALSE),thenvalueFalseisreturned.ThevalueofvalueTestmustbeorevaluatetonumericdata,wherenon-zerovaluesindicateTRUE,andavalueofzeroindicatesFALSE.Itmaycontainoneoftherelationaloperators:greaterthan(>),lessthan(<),equalto(=),ornotequalto(<>).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric(boolean)data.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

IF(A3<>2000,1900,2000)

IF(R1C2>65,1000,2000)

IF(C4,B2,B4)

IF(1>2,5,10)givestheresult10

IF(1<2,""dogs"",""cats"")givestheresultdogs

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AND|FALSE|LogicalFunctions



IFERROR

Thisfunctionevaluatesaformulaandreturnsavalueyouprovideifthereisanerrorortheformularesult.

Syntax

IFERROR(value,error)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valueorexpressiontoevaluate

error Valuetoreturniftheformulareturnsanerror

Remarks

Thefollowingerrortypesareevaluated,#VALUE!,#REF!,#NUM!,#NAME?,#DIV/O,#N/A,or#NULL

DataTypes

Acceptsanytypeofformulaforthevalue.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

IFERROR(A3/A5,"dogs")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AND|FALSE|LogicalFunctions



IFNA

Thisfunctioncalculatesthespecifiedvalueiftheformulareturns#N/Aerror,otherwiseitreturnstheactualresultoftheformula.

Syntax

IFNA(value, value_if_na)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Referstoanumber,orexpressionthatneedstobetested

value_if_na Referstoanalternatenumber,orexpressionthatisreturnedifvaluereturns#N/Aerror

Remarks

Ifvalueorvalue_if_naisempty,IFNAtreatsitasanemptystringvalue("").

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string(oranyexpression)dataforbotharguments.

Examples

IFNA(VLOOKUP("Sweden",$A$6:$B$8,0),"Notfound")givestheresultNotfound.

VersionAvailable




IFS

ThisfunctionperformsacomparisonandreturnsthespecifiedassociatedvalueifcomparisionisTRUE.

Syntax

IFS(condition,value1, [condition2,value2],...)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncondition1 Referstoavalueorexpressiontoevaluate.

value1 Referstoavaluetoreturnifthetestevaluatestotrue.

[condition2,value2],... [Optional]Referstomoreconditionstobecompared(nestedIFstatements).

Remarks

Thisfunctionallowsuserstotestupto127differentconditions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric(boolean)dataforbotharguments.Returnsanydatatype.

Examples

IFS(A289,"A",A279,"B")givestheresultB.

VersionAvailable




IMABS

Thisfunctionreturnstheabsolutevalueormodulusofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMABS(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheabsolutevalue.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsnumberdata.

Examples

IMABS("3+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMAGINARY

Thisfunctionreturnstheimaginarycoefficientofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMAGINARY(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheimaginarycoefficient.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMAGINARY("3+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMREAL|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMARGUMENT

Thisfunctionreturnstheargumenttheta,whichisanangleexpressedinradians.

Syntax

IMARGUMENT(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheargumenttheta.

Remarks

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheargumenttheta.

Anerrorisreturnedifnumberisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes


Examples

IMARGUMENT("3+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMCOS|IMSIN|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMCONJUGATE

Thisfunctionreturnsthecomplexconjugateofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCONJUGATE(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheconjugate.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMCONJUGATE("3+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMABS|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMCOS

Thisfunctionreturnsthecosineofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCOS(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthecosine.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMCOS("3+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMSIN|IMARGUMENT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMCOSH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperboliccosineofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCOSH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperboliccosinefor.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".

DataTypes


Examples

IMCOSH("8-3i")givestheresult-1475.563

IMCOSH("7-2i")givestheresult-228.180

VersionAvailable




IMCOT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecotangentofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCOT(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthecotangentfor.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexn_umargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".

DataTypes


Examples

IMCOT("2-3i")givestheresult-0.0037

IMCOT("1-3i")givestheresult0.0044

VersionAvailable




IMCSC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecosecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCSC(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthecosecantfor.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMCSC("13+3i")givestheresult0.0420

IMCSC("7+2i")givestheresult0.1819

VersionAvailable




IMCSCH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperboliccosecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCSCH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperboliccosecantfor.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMCSCH("15+i")givestheresult3.3055

IMCSCH("8+4i")givestheresult-0.0004

VersionAvailable




IMDIV

Thisfunctionreturnsthequotientoftwocomplexnumbers.

Syntax

IMDIV(complexnum,complexdenom)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncomplexnum Complexnumeratorordividend

complexdenom Complexdenominatorordivisor

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnediftheargumentsarenotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes


Examples

IMDIV("3+5j","10+20i")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMPRODUCT|IMSQRT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMEXP

Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMEXP(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheexponential.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMEXP("2+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMLN|IMLOG10|IMLOG2|IMPOWER|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMLN

Thisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMLN(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthenaturallogarithm.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMLN("2+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMLOG10|IMLOG2|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMLOG10

Thisfunctionreturnsthecommonlogarithmofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMLOG10(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthecommonlogarithm.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMLOG10("2+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMLN|IMLOG2|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMLOG2

Thisfunctionreturnsthebase-2logarithmofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMLOG2(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthebase-2logarithm.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMLOG2("2+5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMLN|IMLOG10|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMPOWER

Thisfunctionreturnsacomplexnumberraisedtoapower.

Syntax

IMPOWER(complexnum,powernum)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioncomplexnum Complexnumbertoraisetoapower

powernum Powertowhichtoraisethecomplexnumber

Thepower(powernumargument)canbeaninteger,negative,orfractional.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifcomplexnumisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj"orifpowernumisnon-numeric.Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes


Examples

IMPOWER("2+5j",4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMPRODUCT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMPRODUCT

Thisfunctionreturnstheproductofupto29complexnumbersinthe"x+yi"or"x+yj"textformat.

Syntax

IMPRODUCT(complexnum1,complexnum2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarethecomplexnumberstomultiply.Therecanbeupto29ofthem.

Arraysinthex+yiformatorrangereferencesareallowed.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMPRODUCT("2+5j",4)

IMPRODUCT({"1+2i","3+4i"})

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMDIV|IMPOWER|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMREAL

Thisfunctionreturnstherealcoefficientofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMREAL(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntherealcoefficient.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMREAL("2-5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMAGINARY|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMSEC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthesecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMSEC(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthesecantfor.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSEC("11-2i")givestheresult0.00126

IMSEC("3-6i")givestheresult-0.00490

VersionAvailable




IMSECH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperbolicsecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMSECH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperbolicsecantfor.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSECH("3+6i")givestheresult0.09544

IMSECH("7+2i")givestheresult-0.00075

VersionAvailable




IMSIN

Thisfunctionreturnsthesineofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSIN(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthesine.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSIN("2-5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMCOS|IMARGUMENT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMSINH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperbolicsineofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMSINH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperbolicsinefor.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSINH("6+4i")givestheresult-131.848

IMSINH("4+4i")givestheresult-17.83

VersionAvailable




IMSQRT

Thisfunctionreturnsthesquarerootofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSQRT(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthesquareroot.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSQRT("2-5j")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IMDIV|IMPRODUCT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMSUB

Thisfunctionreturnsthedifferenceoftwocomplexnumbersinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSUB(complexnum1,complexnum2)

Arguments

Thecomplexnum1isacomplexnumberfromwhichtosubtracttheothercomplexnumbercomplexnum2.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSUB("2+5j","5+3i")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMSUM|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMSUM

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumoftwoormorecomplexnumbersinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSUM(complexnum1,complexnum2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarethecomplexnumberstomultiply.Therecanbeupto29ofthem.

Arraysinthe"x+yi"or"x+yj"formatorrangereferencesareallowed.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMSUM("2+5j","5+3i")

IMSUM(A1:B5)

IMSUM({"2+5j","5+3i"})

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMSUB|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions



IMTAN

Thisfunctioncalculatesthetangentofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMTAN(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthetangentfor.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

IMTAN("8+2i")givestheresult-0.0109

IMTAN("9+3i")givestheresult-0.0037

VersionAvailable




INDEX

Thisfunctionreturnsavalueorthereferencetoavaluefromwithinanarrayorrange.

Syntax

INDEX(return,row,col,area)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionreturn Returnsavalueorareferenceofacellorrangeofcells

row Rownumberintherange

col Columnnumberintherange

area [Ifreturnisacellrangereference]Areaoftherange

DataTypes


Examples

INDEX(A2:C3,2,2)

INDEX(R2C1:R3C3,5,3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHOOSE|LookupFunctions



INDIRECT

Thisfunctionreturnsthereferencespecifiedbyatextstring.

Syntax

INDIRECT(Reftext,A1)

Arguments


Argument DescriptionReftext AreferencetoacellthatcontainsanA1reference,anR1C1reference,anamedefinedasareference,

oratextstringreferencetoacell.Thisargumentisrequired.

A1 AlogicalvaluethatspecifieswhattypeofreferenceiscontainedinthecellReftext.Thisargumentisoptional.

Remarks

UseINDIRECTwhenyouwanttochangethereferencetoacellwithinaformulawithoutchangingtheformulaitself.ReftextisinterpretedasanA1referenceifA1isTRUEoromitted.ReftextisinterpretedasanR1C1referenceifA1isFALSE.IfReftextisnotavalidcellreference,INDIRECTreturnsthe#REF!errorvalue.ChangingacellvaluecausestheINDIRECTfunctionandalldependentcellstorecalculate.

DataTypes

Acceptsanydata.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

INDIRECT("A1")

INDIRECT(A1)

INDIRECT("R[-"&B1&"]C[-"&B2&"]",false)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LOOKUP



INFO

Thisfunctionreturnsinformationabouttheoperatingsystem.

Syntax

INFO(text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentspecifiesthetypeofinformationtobereturned.

Thefollowingtypesoftextareavailable:

TextType

Returns

directory Currentdirectorypathorfolder

numfile Numberofactiveworksheets

origin Returnstheabsolutecellreferenceofthetopandleftmostcellvisibleinthewindow,basedonthecurrentscrollingposition

osversion Currentoperatingsystemversion(text)

recalc Currentrecalculationmode

release MicrosoftExcelversion(text)

system Operatingenvironment

DataTypes

Acceptsanydata.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

INFO("recalc")givestheresultAutomatic.

VersionAvailable




INT

Thisfunctionroundsaspecifiednumberdowntothenearestinteger.

Syntax

INT(value)

Arguments

Useanynumericvaluefortheargument.

Remarks

Youcanusethisfunctiontoreturnthedecimalportionofthevalueinacellbysubtractingthevalueofthisfunctionforthecellfromthevalueinthecell,asillustratedinthefirstexample.

TheTRUNCandINTfunctionsaresimilarinthatbothreturnintegers.UsetheTRUNCfunctiontoremovethedecimalportionofthenumber;theTRUNCfunctiondoesnotroundupordown.UsetheINTfunctiontoroundnumbersdowntothenearestinteger-baseddecimalportionofthenumber.Thesefunctionsdifferalsowhenusingnegativenumbers:TRUNC(–4.2)returns–4,butINT(–4.2)returns–5because–5isthelowernumber.

DataTypes


Examples

INT(A3)

R1C2-INT(R1C2)

INT(2.85) gives the result 2

INT(-2.85) gives the result -3

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



INTERCEPT

Thisfunctionreturnsthecoordinatesofapointatwhichalineintersectsthey-axis,byusingexistingxvaluesandyvalues.

Syntax

INTERCEPT(dependent,independent)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondependent Anarrayofknowndependentvalues(y’s)

independent Anarrayofknownindependentvalues(x’s)

Youcanusenumbers,arrays,orreferencesforthearguments.

Remarks

Theinterceptpointisbasedonabest-fitregressionlineplottedthroughtheknownx-valuesandknowny-values.Usetheinterceptwhenyouwanttodeterminethevalueofthedependentvariablewhentheindependentvariableis0(zero).Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontopredictametal’selectricalresistanceat0°Cwhenyourdatapointsweretakenatroomtemperatureandhigher.

Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.

Thenumberofdependentdatapointsmustbeequaltothenumberofindependentdatapoints.


whereYisthearrayofdependentvariables,Xisthearrayofindependentvariables,andnisthesizeofthearrays.

DataTypes


Examples

INTERCEPT(G1:G9,F1:F9)

INTERCEPT(R1C7:R9C7,R1C6:R9C6)

INTERCEPT({53000,57000,58000,69000,74500,55620,80000, 68700},{35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39}) gives the result 37060.4809987149

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FORECAST|StatisticalFunctions



INTRATE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinterestrateforafullyinvestedsecurity.

Syntax

INTRATE(settle,mature,invest,redeem,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity.

mature Maturitydateforthesecurity.

invest Amountinvestedinthesecurity.

redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity.


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifinvestorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

INTRATE(A1,B3,70000,72000,3)

INTRATE(R1C1,R4C4,82000,86500,2)

INTRATE("3/1/2003","5/31/2003",65000,70000,2) gives the result 0.304311074

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACCRINT|EFFECT|RATE|RECEIVED|FinancialFunctions



IPMT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepaymentofinterestonaloan.

Syntax

IPMT(rate,per,nper,pval,fval,type)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod.

per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity.

pval Presentvalue,worthnow

fval [Optional]Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero


Remarks

Theresultisrepresentedbyanegativenumberbecauseitismoneypaidoutbyyou.

DataTypes


Examples

IPMT(0.65,A1,B3,C42)

IPMT(R1C1,R12C12,R13C13,R32C1)

IPMT(0.45, 2, 30, 6000) gives the result -$2,699.98

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PMT|PPMT|RATE|FinancialFunctions



IRR

Thisfunctionreturnstheinternalrateofreturnforaseriesofcashflowsrepresentedbythenumbersinanarray.

Syntax

IRR(arrayvals,estimate)

Remarks


Argument Descriptionarrayvals Anarrayofnumbersforwhichyouwanttoestimatetheinternalrateofreturnrepresenting

paymentsandincomeoccurringatregularintervals(andusepositiveforincomeandnegativeforpayment)

estimate [Optional]Anestimateoftheinternalrateofreturn;ifomitted,thecalculationuses0.1(10percent)

Valuesmustcontainatleastonepositivevalue(someincome)andonenegativevalue(apayment)tocalculatetheinternalrateofreturn.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusestheorderofvaluestointerprettheorderofpaymentsandincome.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthesequenceyouwantwithcorrectsigns.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.


Thefunctioniscalculatedusinganiterativetechnique.Startingwiththeestimate,thisfunctioncyclesthroughthecalculationuntiltheresultisaccuratewithin0.00001(0.001percent).Ifthisfunctioncannotfindaresultthatworksafter50iterations,itreturnsanerror.

Ifthefunctionreturnsanerrororiftheresultisnotclosetowhatyouexpected,tryagainwithadifferentvaluefortheestimate.

ThisfunctioniscloselyrelatedtoNPV,thenetpresentvaluefunction.TherateofreturncalculatedbyIRRistheinterestratecorrespondingtoa0(zero)netpresentvalue.

Forascheduleofcashflowsthatisnon-periodic,useXIRR.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments,thefirstbeinganarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

IRR(D1:D6)

IRR(R1C4:R6C4, -.02)

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

MIRR|NPV|XIRR|FinancialFunctions



ISBLANK

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisempty.

Syntax

ISBLANK(cellreference)

ISBLANK(value)

ISBLANK(expression)

Arguments

Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.

Note:Spread'simplementationoffunctionsgenerallytriestofollowthebehaviorfoundinpopularspreadsheetapplications.However,notalltheseapplicationsagreewhethertheemptystring""shouldbetreatedthesameasanemptycell.InSpread,boththeCOUNTBLANKandISBLANKfunctionsconsistentlytreattheemptystring""differentlythananemptycell.

DataTypes

Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.

Examples

ISBLANK(B1)

ISBLANK(A4)

ISBLANK(A4-52)

ISBLANK(4) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COUNTBLANK|ISERROR|ISREF|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions



ISERR

Thisfunction,IsErrorOtherThanNotAvailable,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanerrorotherthannotavailable(#N/A).

Syntax

ISERR(cellreference)

ISERR(value)

ISERR(expression)

Arguments


Remarks



DataTypes


Examples

ISERR(B12)

ISERR(R12C2)

ISERR(#N/A) gives the result FALSE

ISERR(#REF!) gives the result TRUE

ISERR(C14) gives the result TRUEif C14 contains a #NUM! error.

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERROR|ISNA|InformationFunctions



ISERROR

Thisfunction,IsErrorofAnyKind,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanerrorofanykind.

Syntax

ISERROR(cellreference)

ISERROR(value)

ISERROR(expression)

Arguments


Remarks



DataTypes


Examples

ISERROR(B12)

ISERROR(R12C2)

ISERROR(#N/A) gives the result TRUE

ISERROR(#REF!) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERR|ISNA|InformationFunctions



ISEVEN

Thisfunction,IsNumberEven,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcelliseven.

Syntax

ISEVEN(cellreference)

ISEVEN(value)

ISEVEN(expression)

Arguments


Remarks

Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiseven,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentisodd,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiszero,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentreferstoanemptycellortonodata,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.


DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.

Examples

ISEVEN(B3)

ISEVEN(R1C2)

ISEVEN(574) gives the result TRUE

ISEVEN(9) gives the result FALSE

ISEVEN(2.4) gives the result TRUE

ISEVEN(3.6) gives the result FALSE

ISEVEN(ROUND(3.6)) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISODD|EVEN|InformationFunctions



ISFORMULA

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencecellisaformula.

Syntax

ISFORMULA(reference)

Arguments

Specifythecellreferencefortheargument.

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.

Thisfunctionisusedtotestthecontentsofacell.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceforargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.

Examples

ISFORMULA(B4)returnsfalse,whereB4isacellreferencewithanumericvalue56.

VersionAvailable




ISLOGICAL

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisalogical(Boolean)value.

Syntax

ISLOGICAL(cellreference)

ISLOGICAL(value)

ISLOGICAL(expression)

Arguments


Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.


DataTypes


Examples

ISLOGICAL(B7)

ISLOGICAL(R4C8)

ISLOGICAL(true) gives a result TRUE

ISLOGICAL(OR(B7,B8)) gives a result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISNONTEXT|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions



ISNA

Thisfunction,IsNotAvailable,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasthenotavailable(#N/A)errorvalue.

Syntax

ISNA(cellreference)

ISNA(value)

ISNA(expression)

Arguments


Remarks


ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevalueisorreferstotheNotAvailableerrorvalue,andreturnsFALSEifthevalueisorreferstoacellwithnodata.

DataTypes


Examples

ISNA(B12)

ISNA(R12C2)

ISNA(#N/A)gives the result TRUE

ISNA(NA())gives the result TRUE

ISNA(#REF)gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERR|ISERROR|NA|InformationFunctions



ISNONTEXT

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanydatatypeotherthantext.

Syntax

ISNONTEXT(cellreference)

ISNONTEXT(value)

ISNONTEXT(expression)

Arguments


Remarks


ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoablankcell.

DataTypes


Examples

ISNONTEXT(A3)

ISNONTEXT(R3C1)

ISNONTEXT(12) gives the result TRUE

ISNONTEXT("Total") gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISLOGICAL|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions



ISNUMBER

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasnumericdata.

Syntax

ISNUMBER(cellreference)

ISNUMBER(value)

ISNUMBER(expression)

Arguments


Remarks


ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEiftheargumentisorreferstoanumber,andreturnsFALSEiftheargumentisorreferstoavaluethatisnotanumber.ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevalueisorreferstoacellwithnodata.

Youmightwanttousethisfunctiontotestwhethercellscontainnumericdatabeforeyouperformmathematicaloperationsonthem,suchasaveragingthecontentsofarangeofcells.

DataTypes


Examples

ISNUMBER(B3)

ISNUMBER(R1C2)

ISNUMBER(12) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISLOGICAL|ISNONTEXT|ISREF|ISTEXT|N|InformationFunctions



ISO.CEILING

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestintegerormultipleofaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ISO.CEILING(value,signif)

Arguments



signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor,defaultvalueis1

Ifthenumberorthesignifiszero,zeroisreturned.Theabsolutevalueofthemultipleisused,sothisfunctionreturnsthemathematicalceilingregardlessofthenumbersignsandsignificance.

DataTypes


Examples

ISO.CEILING(4.3)givestheresult5

ISO.CEILING(-2.5,2)givestheresult-2

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CEILING



ISODD

Thisfunction,IsNumberOdd,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasnumericdata.

Syntax

ISODD(cellreference)

ISODD(value)

ISODD(expression)

Arguments


Remarks


Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentisodd,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiseven,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiszero,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentreferstoanemptycellortonodata,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.

DataTypes


Examples

ISODD(B3)

ISODD(R1C2)

ISODD(12) gives the result FALSE

ISODD(2.5) gives the result FALSE

ISODD(3.6) gives the result TRUE

ISODD(ROUND(3.6)) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISEVEN|ODD|InformationFunctions



ISOWEEKNUM

ThisfunctioncalculatesthenumberISOweeknumberoftheyearforspecifieddate.

Syntax

ISOWEEKNUM(date)

Arguments

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806),astringorreferencetocellcontaingtheinformation.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ISOWEEKNUM("5/9/2015")givestheresult19.

VersionAvailable




ISPMT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinterestpaidduringaspecificperiodofaninvestment.

Syntax

ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)

Remarks


Argument Descriptionrate Interestratefortheinvestment.

per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper.

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsfortheinvestment.

pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment.

Remarks

Beconsistentwiththeunitsforrateandnper.

Thecashyoupayoutisrepresentedbynegativenumbersandthecashyoureceivebypositivenumbers.

DataTypes


Examples

ISPMT(B1,C4,C5,1)

ISPMT(R1C2,R4C3,R6C3,R7C3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IPMT|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions



ISREF

Thisfunction,IsReference,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisareferencetoanothercell.

Syntax

ISREF(cellreference)

ISREF(value)

ISREF(expression)

Arguments


Remarks


Iftheargumentisareference,thisfunctionreturnsTRUE.Iftheargumentisnotareference,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.

DataTypes


Examples

ISREF(B3) gives the result TRUE

ISREF(R1C2) gives the result TRUE

ISREF(12) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISBLANK|InformationFunctions



ISTEXT

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhastextdata.

Syntax

ISTEXT(cellreference)

ISTEXT(value)

ISTEXT(expression)

Arguments


Remarks


Ifthedatatypeoftheargumentistext,thisfunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthedatatypeoftheargumentisnottext,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.Iftheargumentreferstoanemptycell,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.

DataTypes


Examples

ISTEXT(B3)

ISTEXT(R1C2)

ISTEXT("Total") gives the result TRUE

ISTEXT(12) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISLOGICAL|ISNONTEXT|ISNUMBER|T|InformationFunctions



JIS

Thisfunctiontransformshalf-width(single-byte)characterstofull-width(double-byte)characters.

Syntax

JIS(text)

Arguments

Fortheargument,textorareferencetoacellthatcontainsthetexttochange.

Remarks

Ifthetextdoesnotcontainhalf-widthletters,thenthetextisnotchanged.

DataTypes


Examples

JIS("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"

VersionAvailable




KURT

Thisfunctionreturnsthekurtosisofadataset.

Syntax

KURT(value1,value2,value3,value4,...)

KURT(array)

KURT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Forthearguments,youcanusenumbers,arrays,orreferences.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludescellswiththevaluezeroinitscalculations.

Youmustprovidefourormorevaluearguments.Youmayprovideupto255arguments.

Remarks

Kurtosisdescribeshowpeakedorflatadistributioniscomparedwiththenormaldistribution.Positivekurtosisindicatesarelativelypeakeddistribution.Negativekurtosisindicatesarelativelyflatdistribution.

Ifthestandarddeviationofthevaluesiszero,thisfunctionreturnsthe#DIV/0!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

KURT(F1:F8)

KURT(R1C6:R8C6)

KURT(F1:F8,G1:G8)

KURT(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result -0.7496238078

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GAMMADIST|StatisticalFunctions



LARGE

Thisfunctionreturnsthenthlargestvalueinadataset,wherenisspecified.

Syntax

LARGE(array,n)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayfromwhichtoreturnthenthlargestvalue

n Theposition(fromthelargestvalue)forwhichtoreturnthevalue(forexample,5toreturnthefifthlargestvalue).Mustbeequaltoorlessthanthenumberofitemsinthearray.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoselectavaluebasedonitsrelativestanding.Forexample,youcanuseittoreturnthethird-placescoreinacompetition.

DataTypes

Acceptsarrayandnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

LARGE(F1:F8,2)

LARGE(R1C6:R8C6,5)

LARGE({35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39},3) gives the result 47.0000000000

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SMALL|StatisticalFunctions



LCM

Thisfunctionreturnstheleastcommonmultipleoftwonumbers.

Syntax

LCM(number1,number2)

Arguments

Forthearguments,usenumericvaluesorarrays.Iftheargumentsarenotintegers,theyaretruncatedtointegers.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Theleastcommonmultipleisthesmallestpositiveintegerthatisamultipleofallintegersgiven.

Usethisfunctiontoaddfractionswithdifferentdenominatorsbycalculatingtheleastcommonmultipleofbothdenominatorsfirst.

DataTypes


Examples

LCM(B12,C22)

LCM(R12C2,R22C3)

LCM(300,500) gives the result 1500

LCM(12.3,16.99) gives the result 48

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GCD|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



LEFT

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedleftmostcharactersfromatextvalue.

Syntax

LEFT(mytext,num_chars)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionmytext Textstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

num_chars [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoextract;ifomitted,usesone;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Themytextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.

Thenum_charsargumenthastheserules:

Itmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifitisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsallthetext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthefirstargumentandnumericdatathesecondargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

LEFT(A2,LEN(A2)–1)

LEFT(R2C1,LEN(R2C1)–1)

LEFT(""TotalPrice"") gives the result T

LEFT(""Total Price"", 5) gives the result Total

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MID|RIGHT|TextFunctions



LEFTB

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedleftmostcharactersfromatextvalueonthebasisofthenumberofbytesinthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

LEFTB(mytext,num_bytes)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionmytext Referstothetextstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

num_bytes [Optional]Referstothenumberofbytestoextract.Ifthisvalueisnotgiven,itusesone.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks


Thenum_bytesargumenthasthefollowingrules:


DataTypes


Examples

LEFTB("rheabuto",4)givestheresultrhea.

LEFTB("rheabuto")givesthresultr.

VersionAvailable




LEN

Thisfunctionreturnsthelengthof,thenumberofcharactersin,atextstring.

Syntax

LEN(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextwhoselengthyouwanttofind.Spacescountascharacters.Theargumentmustbeastringoracellreferencetoastringvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

LEFT(A2,LEN(A2)–1)

LEN(""FarPoint Technologies, NC"") gives the result 25

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHAR|TRIM|TextFunctions



LENB

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofbytesusedtorepresentthecharactersinatextstring.

Syntax

LENB(text_value)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextwhoselengthyouwanttofind.Spacesinthespecifiedtextvaluearecountedascharacters.Theargumentmustbeastringoracellreferencetoastringvalue.

Remarks

TheLENBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes


Examples

LENB("rheabuto")givestheresult8.

LENB("rosy")givestheresult4.

VersionAvailable




LINEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthestatisticsforaline.

Syntax

LINEST(y,x,constant,stats)

Arguments

Theequationforthelineisy=mx+bory=m1x1+m2x2+...+b.


Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=mx+b

x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=mx+b

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0.Iftrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally;iffalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=mx.

stats Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoreturnadditionalregressionstatistics.Iftrue,thentheadditionalregressionstatisticsarereturnediffalseoromittedthenonlythem-coefficientsandbarereturned.


Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

LINEST(A2:A7,C2:C7,,FALSE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GROWTH|TREND|LOGEST|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



LN

Thisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

LN(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifyapositivenumericvalue.

Remarks

ThisfunctionistheinverseofEXP,soLN(EXP(x))isx.

DataTypes


Examples

LN(B3)

LN(R1C2)

LN(10) gives the result 2.3025850930

LN(exp(1)) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

EXP|LOG|LOGINV|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



LOG

ThisfunctionreturnsthelogarithmbaseYofanumberX.

Syntax

LOG(number,base)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Numberforwhichtofindalogarithm.Thismustbeapositiverealnumber

base [Optional]Baseofthelogarithm;ifomitted,thecalculationuses10asthebase(SeeLOG10.)

DataTypes


Examples

LOG(B3,C5)

LOG(R1C2,R4C4)

LOG(255,16) gives the result 1.9985883592

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LN|LOG10|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



LOG10

Thisfunctionreturnsthelogarithmbase10ofthenumbergiven.

Syntax

LOG10(value)

Arguments

The number specified by the argument must be a positive real number.

Data Types

Accepts numeric data. Returns numeric data.

Examples

LOG10(B3)

LOG10(R1C2)

LOG10(115) gives the result 2.0606978404

Version Available

This function is available in product version 1.0 or later.

See Also

LN | LOG | Math and Trigonometry Functions



LOGEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesanexponentialcurvethatfitsthedataandreturnsanarrayofvaluesthatdescribesthecurve.

Syntax

LOGEST(y,x,constant,stats)

Arguments

Theequationforthecurveisy=b*m^xory=(b*(m1^x1)*(m2^x2)*_).


Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x


constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0.Iftrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally;iffalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=m^x.

stats Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoreturnadditionalregressionstatistics.Iftrue,thentheadditionalregressionstatisticsarereturnediffalseoromittedthenonlythem-coefficientsandbarereturned.


Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

LOGEST(A2:A7,C2:C7,TRUE,FALSE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GROWTH|TREND|LINEST|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



LOGINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

LOGINV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

mean Valueofmeanofnaturallogarithmofx,LN(x)

stdev ValuerepresentingthestandarddeviationofLN(x)

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctions,soifp=LOGNORMDIST(x,...)thenLOGINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes


Examples

LOGINV(0.92,B8,G22)

LOGINV(0.88,2,1.2) gives the result 30.26479297

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LN|LOGNORMDIST|StatisticalFunctions



LOGNORM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativenaturallognormaldistributionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.Analyzedatathathasbeenlogarithmicallytransformedwiththisfunction.

Syntax

LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction




Remarks

Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

Theequationforthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionis:

LOGNORM.DIST(x,µ,o)=NORM.S.DIST(1n(x)-µ / o).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforx,mean,andstdevarguments.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

LOGNORM.DIST(0.92,B8,G22,A5)

LOGNORM.DIST(42,2,1.2,TRUE)givestheresult0.9261995869896625

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LOGNORMDIST



LOGNORM.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

LOGNORM.INV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction



Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctions,soifp=LOGNORM.DIST(x,...)thenLOGNORM.INV(p,...)=x.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

LOGNORM.INV(0.92,B8,G22)

LOGNORM.INV(0.88,2,1.2)givestheresult30.264764580330958

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LOGNORMDIST



LOGNORMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativenaturallognormaldistributionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.Analyzedatathathasbeenlogarithmicallytransformedwiththisfunction.

Syntax

LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,stdev)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction



Remarks

Ifp=LOGNORMDIST(x,...)thenLOGINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes


Examples

LOGNORMDIST(0.92,B8,G22)

LOGNORMDIST(42,2,1.2) gives the result 0.926199546

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LN|LOGINV|StatisticalFunctions



LOOKUP

Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinasecondarea.

Syntax

LOOKUP(lookupvalue,lookupvector,resultvector)

LOOKUP(lookupvalue,lookuparray)

Arguments

VectorForm

Theargumentsforthevectorformare:

Argument Descriptionlookupvalue Valueforwhichtosearch;canbenumber,text,logicalvalue,ornameorreferencethatreferstoa

value

lookupvector Cellrangethatcontainsoneroworonecolumn;canbetext,numbers,oralogicalvalue;valuesneedtobeinascendingorder

resultvector Cellrangethatcontainsoneroworcolumn;mustbethesamesizeaslookupvector

ArrayForm

Theargumentsforthearrayformare:

Argument Descriptionlookupvalue Valueforwhichtosearch;canbenumber,text,logicalvalue,ornameorreferencethatreferstoa

value

lookuparray Rangeofcellsthatcontainstext,numbers,orlogicalvalues;valuesmustbeascendingorder

Remarks

VectorForm

Thevectorformofthisfunctionsearchesforavaluefromarangewithasingleroworcolumnandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinasecondoneroworonecolumnrange.

Inthevectorform,iflookupvaluecannotbefound,itmatchesthelargestvalueinlookupvectorthatislessthanorequaltolookupvalue.

ArrayForm

Thearrayformofthisfunctionsearchesinthefirstroworcolumnofanarrayforthespecifiedvalueandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinthelastroworcolumnofthearray.

Inthearrayform,iflookuparrayhasmorecolumnsthanrowsthenthefirstrowissearched.Iflookuparrayhasmorerowsthancolumnsthenthefirstcolumnissearched.Thevaluesinlookuparraymustbeinascendingorder.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericorstringdata.

Examples



LOOKUP(30,A1:A5,B1:B5)

LOOKUP("A",{"a","b","c","d";1,2,3,5})

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|VLOOKUP|LookupFunctions



LOWER

Thisfunctionconvertstexttolowercaseletters.

Syntax

LOWER(string)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextyouwanttoconverttolowercase.Thisfunctiondoesnotchangecharactersinvaluethatarenotletters.Theargumentmaybeastring,areferencetoacellcontainingastring,oraformulathatreturnsastring.

DataTypes


Examples

LOWER(A4)

LOWER(R4C1)

LOWER(""Road Race 2"") gives the result road race 2

LOWER(CONCATENATE(A1,A5))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

UPPER|T|TextFunctions



Functions M to Q

FunctionsMtoQ

MATCH MAX MAXA MAXIFS

MDETERM MDURATION MEDIAN MID

MIDB MIN MINA MINIFS

MINUTE MINVERSE MIRR MMULT

MOD MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL

MONTH MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT

N NA NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST

NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOMINAL NORM.DIST

NORM.INV NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.INV NORMDIST

NORMINV NORMSDIST NORMSINV NOT

NOW NPER NPV NUMBERVALUE

OCT2BIN OCT2DEC OCT2HEX ODD


OFFSET OR PDURATION PEARSON

PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK

PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA

PHI PHONETIC PI PMT

POISSON POISSON.DIST POWER PPMT

PRICE PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PROB

PRODUCT PROPER PV QUARTILE

QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC QUOTIENT



MATCH

Thisfunctionreturnstherelativepositionofaspecifiediteminarange.

Syntax

MATCH(value1,array,type)

Arguments

Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Argument Descriptionvalue Valuetosearchfor

array Rangetosearchin

type [Optional]Valuetoreturniftheformulareturnsanerror

Remarks

Thevaluecanbeanumber,text,orlogicalvalueoracellreferencetoanumber,text,orlogicalvalue.Thearrayistherangeofcellstosearch.

Thetypecanbe0(firstvaluethatisequaltovalue),1(largestvaluethatislessthanorequaltovalue),or-1(smallestvaluethatisgreaterthanorequaltovalue)andisoptional.

DataTypes

Thevaluecanbeanumber,text,orlogicalvalueoracellreferencetoanumber,text,orlogicalvalue.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MATCH(25,A1:E5)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MIN|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions



MAX

Thisfunctionreturnsthemaximumvalue,thegreatestvalue,ofallthevaluesinthearguments.

Syntax

MAX(value1,value2,...)

MAX(array)

MAX(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks


ThisfunctiondiffersfromMAXA,whichallowstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

MAX(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5)

MAX(A1:A9)

MAX(R1C2:R1C15,R2C2:R2C15)

MAX(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 19

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MIN|MAXA|StatisticalFunctions



MAXA

Thisfunctionreturnsthelargestvalueinalistofarguments,includingtextandlogicalvalues.

Syntax

MAXA(value1,value2,...)

MAXA(array)

MAXA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,text,orlogicalvalues.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromMAXbecauseitallowstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,orlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MAXA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5)

MAXA(A1:A9)

MAXA(R1C2:R1C15,R2C2:R2C15)

MAXA(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 19

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MINA|MAX|StatisticalFunctions



MAXIFS

Thisfunctionreturnsthemaximumvalueamongthevaluesincellsorthecellrangeprovidedthespecifiedsetofconditionsorthecriteriameets.

Syntax

MAXIFS(max_range, range1, criteria1, [range2,criteria2],..)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionmax_range Referstotherangeofcellsinwhichmaximumwillbecalculated

range1 Referstothesetofcellstobecalculatedbasedonthecriteria

criteria1 Referstothecriteria(intermsofnumber,expression,ortext)accordingtowhichcellswillbecalculated

range2,criteria2...

[Optional]Referstotheadditionalrangesandtheircorrespondingcriteria

Remarks

Ifthesizeandshapeofmax_rangeandrangeN (refers to range1,2,3,4,......N) argumentsisnotsame,thisfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.

Ifcellsdonotmatchwiththespecifiedcriteria,thisfunctionwillreturn0.

DataTypes

Acceptseithernumericdata,expression,ortextforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MAXIFS(C4:C7,B4:B7,"325")givestheresult656

MAXIFS(C4:C7,B4:B7,"55")givestheresult0

VersionAvailable




MDETERM

Thisfunctionreturnsthematrixdeterminantofanarray.

Syntax

MDETERM(array)

Arguments

Thearrayisanumericarraythathasanequalnumberofcolumnsandrows.

Arrayscanbeacellrange.Ifanyofthearraycellsareemptyorcontaintextthenanerrorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsanarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MDETERM(A3:E7)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MINVERSE|MMULT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



MDURATION

ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedMacauleydurationofasecuritywithanassumedparvalueof$100.

Syntax

MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency,basis)

Arguments




coupon Annualcouponrate




Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettlementormaturityisinvalidora#NUM!errorwhenfrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Ifcouponislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

MDURATION(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DURATION|FinancialFunctions



MEDIAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthemedian,thenumberinthemiddleoftheprovidedsetofnumbers;thatis,halfthenumbershavevaluesthataregreaterthanthemedian,andhalfhavevaluesthatarelessthanthemedian.

Syntax

MEDIAN(value1,value2,...)

MEDIAN(array)

MEDIAN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Ifthereareanevennumberofarguments,thefunctioncalculatestheaverageofthetwonumbersinthemiddle.

DataTypes


Examples

MEDIAN(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)

MEDIAN(A1:A9)

MEDIAN(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)

MEDIAN(89,95,76,88,92) gives the result 89

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|MODE|StatisticalFunctions



MID

Thisfunctionreturnstherequestednumberofcharactersfromatextstringstartingatthepositionyouspecify.

Syntax

MID(text,start_num,num_chars)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Textstringcontainingthecharactersyouwanttoextract

start_num Numberrepresentingthefirstcharacteryouwanttoextractintext,withthefirstcharacterinthetexthavingavalueofone(1);ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

num_chars Numberofcharacterstoreturnfromtext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.Thestart_numargumenthastheserules

Ifstart_numisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturns""(emptytext).Ifstart_numislessthanthelengthoftext,butstart_numplusnum_charsexceedsthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsthecharactersuptotheendoftext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargument,numericdataforthestart_numargument,andnumericdataforthenum_charsargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

MID(B17,5,8)

MID(""wind surfing"", 6, 20) gives the result surfing

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LEFT|RIGHT|TextFunctions



MIDB

Thisfunctionreturnstherequestednumberofcharactersfromatextstringstartingatthepositionyouhavespecified(onthebasisofthespecifiednumberofbytes).

Syntax

MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Referstothetextstringcontainingthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

start_num Referstothenumberrepresentingthefirstcharacteryouwanttoextractintext,withthefirstcharacterinthetexthavingavalueofone(1).Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

num_bytes Referstothenumberofcharacterstoreturnfromtext(inbytes).Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Thetextargumentcanbeastringoraformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingthatstring.

Thestart_numargumentworksonthefollowingrule:

Ifstart_numisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturns""(emptytext).Ifstart_numislessthanthelengthoftext,butstart_numplusnum_bytesexceedsthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsthecharactersuptotheendoftext.

Remarks

TheMIDBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargument,numericdataforthestart_numargument,andnumericdataforthenum_bytesargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

MIDB("rosygarden",6,20)givestheresultgarden.

VersionAvailable




MIN

Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalue,theleastvalue,ofallthevaluesinthearguments.

Syntax

MIN(value1,value2,...)

MIN(array)

MIN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks


ThisfunctiondiffersfromMINA,whichincludestextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

MIN(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)

MIN(A1:A9)

MIN(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)

MIN(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 2

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MAX|MINA|StatisticalFunctions



MINA

Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalueinalistofarguments,includingtextandlogicalvalues.

Syntax

MINA(value1,value2,...)

MINA(array)

MINA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,text,logicalvalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromMINbecauseitincludestextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,orlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MINA(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)

MINA(A1:A9)

MINA(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)

MINA(A1,B1) gives the result 0 if A1 is 10 and B1 is FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MIN|MAXA|StatisticalFunctions



MINIFS

Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalueamongthevaluesincellsorthecellrangeprovidedthespecifiedsetofconditionsorthecriteriameets.

Syntax

MINIFS(max_range, range1, critera1, [range2,criteria2],..)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionmin_range Referstotherangeofcellsinwhichminimumwillbecalculated

range1 Referstothesetofcellstobecalculatedbasedoncriteria

criteria1 Referstothecriteria(intermofnumber,expression,ortext)accordingtowhichcellswillbecalculated

range2,criteria2...

[Optional]Referstotheadditionalrangesandthiercorrespondingcriteria

Remarks

Ifthesizeandshapeofmin_rangeandrangeN (refers to range1,2,3,4,......N) argumentsisnotsame,thisfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.

Ifcellsdonotmatchwiththespecifiedcriteria,thisfunctionwillreturn0.

DataTypes

Acceptseithernumericdata,expression,ortextforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MINIFS(A3:A7,B3:B7,23)givestheresult0.

MINIFS(A3:A7,B3:B7,325)givestheresult325.

VersionAvailable




MINUTE

Thisfunctionreturnstheminutecorrespondingtoaspecifiedtime.

Syntax

MINUTE(time)

Arguments



Remarks

Theminuteisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0to59.

DataTypes


Examples

MINUTE(D1)

MINUTE(R1C4)

MINUTE(0.7) gives the result 48

MINUTE("12:17") gives the result 17

MINUTE(TIME(12,0,0))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HOUR|SECOND|DateandTimeFunctions



MINVERSE

Thisfunctionreturnstheinversematrixforthematrixstoredinanarray.

Syntax

MINVERSE(array)

Arguments

Thearrayisanumericarraythathasanequalnumberofcolumnsandrows.


Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

MINVERSE(A3:E7)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MDETERM|MMULT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



MIRR

Thisfunctionreturnsthemodifiedinternalrateofreturnforaseriesofperiodiccashflows.

Syntax

MIRR(arrayvals,payment_int,income_int)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarrayvals Anarrayofnumbersforwhichyouwanttoestimatetheinternalrateofreturnrepresenting

paymentsandincomeoccurringatregularintervals(andusepositiveforincomeandnegativeforpayment)

payment_int Interestrateonmoneyincashflows

income_int Interestrateonmoneyinvestedfromcashflows

Valuesmustcontainatleastonepositivevalue(someincome)andonenegativevalue(apayment)tocalculatetheinternalrateofreturn.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.

Remarks


Thisfunctionusestheorderofvaluestointerprettheorderofpaymentsandincome.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthesequenceyouwantwithcorrectsigns.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,thefirstbeinganarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MIRR(D1:D6, D10, D12)

MIRR(R1C4:R6C4, R10C4, R12C4)

MIRR({7300,-15000,4036,3050},6.5%,8%) gives the result 0.0564050548577524

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IRR|XIRR|FinancialFunctions



MMULT

Thisfunctionreturnsthematrixproductfortwoarrays.

Syntax

MMULT(array1,array2)

Arguments

Thearraysarenumericarrayswherethecolumnsinarray1matchtherowsinarray2.


Remarks


DataTypes

Acceptsanarrayforallarguments.Returnsanarray.

Examples

MMULT(A2:B3,D5:E6)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MDETERM|MINVERSE|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



MOD

Thisfunctionreturnstheremainderofadivisionoperation.

Syntax

MOD(dividend,divisor)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondividend Numberforwhichyouwanttofindtheremainderbydividingthedivisorintoit

divisor Numberbywhichyouwanttodividethedividendargument

Remarks

Theremainderhasthesamesignasthedivisor.

DataTypes


Examples

MOD(B3,10)

MOD(C4,B2)

MOD(R1C2,12)

MOD(255,16) gives the result 15

MOD(-3,2) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PRODUCT|QUOTIENT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



MODE

Thisfunctionreturnsthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.

Syntax

MODE(value1,value2,...)

MODE(array)

MODE(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks

Ifnovalueoccursmorethanonce,thefunctiondoesnotreturnavalue.Ifmorethanonevalueoccursthesamenumberoftimes,thefunctionreturnsthefirstvaluethatrepeatsthatsamenumberoftimes.


DataTypes


Examples

MODE(A3,B3,C3,D3)

MODE(A1:A9)

MODE(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)

MODE(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)

MODE(89,95,88,97,88,74) gives the result 88

MODE(1,2,2,3,4,5,5) gives the result 2

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|MEDIAN|StatisticalFunctions



MODE.MULT

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalarrayofthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.

Syntax

MODE.MULT(value1,value2,...)

MODE.MULT(array)

MODE.MULT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks



DataTypes


Examples

MODE.MULT(A3,B3,C3,D3)

MODE.MULT(A1:A9)

MODE.MULT(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)

MODE.MULT(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)

MODE.MULT(89,95,88,97,88,74)givestheresult88

MODE.MULT(1,2,2,3,4,5,5)givestheresult2

VersionAvailable




MODE.SNGL

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.

Syntax

MODE.SNGL(value1,value2,...)

MODE.SNGL(array)

MODE.SNGL(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks



Thisfunctionmeasuresthecentraltendencywhichisthecenterlocationofagroupofnumbersinastatisticaldistribution.Somecommonmeasuresoftendencyareaverage,median,andmode.Averageisthearithmeticmean,andiscalculatedbyaddingagroupofnumbersandthendividingbythenumbercount.Medianisthemiddlenumberofagroupofnumberswherehalfofthenumbershavevaluesthataregreaterthanthemedianandhalfofthenumbershavevaluesthatarelessthanthemedian.

DataTypes


Examples

MODE.SNGL(A3,B3,C3,D3)

MODE.SNGL(A1:A9)

MODE.SNGL(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)

MODE.SNGL(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)

MODE.SNGL(89,95,88,97,88,74)givestheresult88

MODE.SNGL(1,2,2,3,4,5,5)givestheresult2

VersionAvailable




MONTH

Thisfunctionreturnsthemonthcorrespondingtothespecifieddatevalue.

Syntax

MONTH(date)

Arguments


Remarks

Themonthisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom1(January)to12(December).

DataTypes


Examples

MONTH(L4)

MONTH(R4C12)

MONTH(366) gives the result 12

MONTH("12/17/2004") gives the result 12

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DAY|EOMONTH|YEAR|DateandTimeFunctions



MROUND

Thisfunctionreturnsanumberroundedtothedesiredmultiple.

Syntax

MROUND(number,multiple)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Numericvaluetoround

multiple Numericvaluerepresentingtheroundedresult

Remarks

Thisfunctionroundstothenearestmultiple(eitherupordown).Forevennumberswheretheremaybetwochoices(oneroundingupandoneroundingdown),theresultisthenumberfartherfromzero.Forexample,MROUND(18,4)returns20eventhough16isasnearsince20isfartherfromzero.ForMROUND(-18,-4)returns-20sincethatvalueisfartherfromzero.

DataTypes


Examples

MROUND(B14,3)

MROUND(R14C2,5)

MROUND(100,8) gives the result 104

MROUND (11,8) gives the result 8



MROUND (-12,-8) gives the result -16


MROUND (-50,-8) gives the result -48

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROUND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



MULTINOMIAL

Thisfunctioncalculatestheratioofthefactorialofasumofvaluestotheproductoffactorials.

Syntax

MULTINOMIAL(value1,value2,...)

MULTINOMIAL(array)

MULTINOMIAL(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarethevaluestocalculateinthemultinomial.Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

MULTINOMIAL(D5,D6,D7,D8)

MULTINOMIAL(R5C4,R6C4,R7C4,R8C4)

MULTINOMIAL(1,2,3) gives the result 60

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MODE|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



MUNIT

Thisfunctionreturnstheunitmatrixforthespecifieddimension.

Syntax

MUNIT(dimension)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youneedtoprovideanintegerthatspecifiesthedimensionoftheunitmatrixtoreturn.Theargumentisrequired.

Remarks

Theargumentmustbegreaterthan0.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifdimensionisequaltoorlessthan0.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsaresultantmatrix.

Examples

MUNIT(2)willreturnaunitmatrix2x2.

VersionAvailable




N

Thisfunctionreturnsavalueconvertedtoanumber.

Syntax

N(value)

Arguments

Useanyvalueastheargument.

Remarks

Itisnotalwaysnecessarytousethisfunction,becauseSpreadautomaticallyconvertsvaluesasnecessaryinmanycases.

DataTypes

Acceptsmanytypesofdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

N(G12)

N(R12C7)

N(2.53) gives the result 2.53

N(TRUE) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISNUMBER|InformationFunctions



NA

Thisfunctionreturnstheerrorvalue#N/Athatmeans"notavailable."

Syntax

NA()

Arguments

Thisfunctiondoesnotrequireanargument.

Remarks

Itisnecessarytoincludeemptyparentheseswiththisfunction.

DataTypes

Returnsanerrorvalue.

Examples

NA()

NA(R12C7)

ISNA(NA())gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ISNA|ISNUMBER|InformationFunctions



NEGBINOM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenegativebinomialdistribution.

Syntax

NEGBINOM.DIST(x,r,p,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberoffailuresintrials

r Anintegerrepresentingthethresholdnumberofsuccesses

p ProbabilityofsuccessoneachtrialAnumberbetween0and1


Remarks

Thenumberofsuccessesisfixedandthenumberoftrialsisvariable.Ifpislessthan0orgreaterthan1,thefunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.Ifxislessthan0anerrorisreturned.Ifrislessthan1anerrorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

NEGBINOM.DIST(B1,C15,0.335,TRUE)

NEGBINOM.DIST(R1C2,R15C3,0.75,TRUE)

NEGBINOM.DIST(4,13,0.85,TRUE)givestheresult0.9012900017858557

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NEGBINOMDIST



NEGBINOMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenegativebinomialdistribution.

Syntax

NEGBINOMDIST(x,r,p)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberoffailuresintrials

r Anintegerrepresentingthethresholdnumberofsuccesses

p ProbabilityofsuccessoneachtrialAnumberbetween0and1.

DataTypes


Examples

NEGBINOMDIST(B1,C15,0.335)

NEGBINOMDIST(R1C2,R15C3,0.75)

NEGBINOMDIST(4,13,0.85) gives the result 0.111399299

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|HYPGEOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions



NETWORKDAYS

Thisfunctionreturnsthetotalnumberofcompleteworkingdaysbetweenthestartandenddates.

Syntax

NETWORKDAYS(startdate,enddate,holidays)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionstartdate Datethatisthestartingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)

enddate Datethatistheendingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)

holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation;ifomitted,thecalculationassumesnoholidaysandallweekdaysareworkdays

DataTypes


Examples

NETWORKDAYS(L4,L5)

NETWORKDAYS(R4C12,R1C1,R2C2)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

WORKDAY|NOW|DateandTimeFunctions



NETWORKDAYS.INTL

Thisfunctionreturnsthetotalnumberofcompleteworkingdaysbetweenthestartandenddates.

Syntax

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(startdate,enddate,weekend,holidays)

Arguments



enddate Datethatistheendingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)

weekend [Optional]Anumberorstringthatspecifieswhenweekendsoccur.Weekenddaysaredaysoftheweekthatarenotincludedinthenumberofwholeworkingdaysbetweenstartdateandenddate

holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation.Holidayscanbearangeofcellsthatcontainthedates,oranarrayconstantoftheserialvaluesthatrepresentthosedates

Thefollowingtableliststheweekendnumbervalues:

Number Day1oromitted Saturday,Sunday

2 Sunday,Monday

3 Monday,Tuesday

4 Tuesday,Wednesday

5 Wednesday,Thursday

6 Thursday,Friday

7 Friday,Saturday

11 Sundayonly

12 Mondayonly

13 Tuesdayonly

14 Wednesdayonly

15 Thursdayonly

16 Fridayonly

17 Saturdayonly

Remarks

Weekendstringvaluesaresevencharacterslongandeachcharacterinthestringrepresentsadayoftheweek,startingwithMonday.Anon-workdayis1andaworkdayis0.Onlycharacters1and0areallowedinthestring.Thestring1111111alwaysreturns0.

Weekenddaysandholidaysarenotconsideredtobeworkdays.



DataTypes


Examples

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(L4,L5)

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(R4C12,R1C1,R2C2)

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,9,1),DATE(2014,9,30),"0000111",{"2014/9/2","2014/9/3"})givestheresult16

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NETWORKDAYS



NOMINAL

Thisfunctionreturnsthenominalannualinterestrateforagiveneffectiverateandnumberofcompoundingperiodsperyear.

Syntax

NOMINAL(effrate,comper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptioneffrate Valuerepresentingtheeffectiveinterestrate

comper Numberofcompoundingperiodsperyear;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorifeffrateorcomperisnonnumeric.Ifeffrateislessthanorequalto0orifcomperislessthan1,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

NOMINAL(A4,A5)

NOMINAL(R4C1,3)

NOMINAL(6.2336%,2) gives the result 0.061393703

NOMINAL(6.2336%,6) gives the result 0.060776004

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

EFFECT|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions



NORM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenormaldistributionforthespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueforwhichtofindthedistribution

mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution

stdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistributionfunction.SettoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitymassfunction.

Remarks

Ifmean=0,stdev=1,andcumulative=TRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormaldistribution,NORMSDIST.

DataTypes

Thex,mean,andstdevargumentsacceptnumericdata.Thecumulativeargumentacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

NORM.DIST(10,A3,B17,FALSE)

NORM.DIST(10,R3C1,R17C2,FALSE)

NORM.DIST(37,41.125,9.86,TRUE)givestheresult0.3378430609671818

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMDIST



NORM.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthenormalcumulativedistributionforthegivenmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORM.INV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthenormaldistribution


stdestdev Standarddeviationofthedistribution;mustbegreaterthanzero

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

NORM.INV(B3,C12,D14)

NORM.INV(R3C2,R12C3,R14C4)

NORM.INV(0.978,32,0.252)givestheresult32.50755088397007

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMINV



NORM.S.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormalcumulativedistributionfunction.

Syntax

NORM.S.DIST(value,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Anumericvalueforwhichyouwantthedistribution

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction

Remarks

Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Usethisfunctioninplaceofatableofstandardnormalcurveareas.

Ifvalueisnonnumeric,the#VALUE!errorvalueisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforvalue.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

NORM.S.DIST(F1,TRUE)

NORM.S.DIST(R1C6,TRUE)

NORM.S.DIST(1.288,TRUE)givestheresult0.901127

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMSDIST



NORM.S.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthestandardnormalcumulativedistribution.Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Syntax

NORM.S.INV(prob)

Arguments

Theargumentistheprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

NORM.S.INV(A3)

NORM.S.INV(R1C2)

NORM.S.INV(0.9244)givestheresult1.435305714537128

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMSDIST



NORMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenormalcumulativedistributionforthespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORMDIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valueforwhichtofindthedistribution



cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistributionfunction.SettoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitymassfunction.

Remarks

Ifmean=0andstdev=1,thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormaldistribution,NORMSDIST.

DataTypes

Thex,mean,andstdevargumentsacceptnumericdata.Thecumulativeargumentacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

NORMDIST(10,A3,B17,FALSE)

NORMDIST(10,R3C1,R17C2,FALSE)

NORMDIST(37,41.125,9.86,TRUE) gives the result 0.3378810361

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMINV|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions



NORMINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthenormalcumulativedistributionforthegivenmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORMINV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthenormaldistribution


stdestdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.

DataTypes


Examples

NORMINV(B3,C12,D14)

NORMINV(R3C2,R12C3,R14C4)

NORMINV(0.978,32,0.252) gives the result 32.50755174

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMDIST|NORMSINV|StatisticalFunctions



NORMSDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormalcumulativedistributionfunction.

Syntax

NORMSDIST(value)

Arguments


Remarks

Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Usethisfunctioninplaceofatableofstandardnormalcurveareas.

DataTypes


Examples

NORMSDIST(F1)

NORMSDIST(R1C6)

NORMSDIST(1.288) gives the result 0.901127

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMDIST|NORMSINV|StatisticalFunctions



NORMSINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthestandardnormalcumulativedistribution.Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Syntax

NORMSINV(prob)

Arguments

Theargumentistheprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

DataTypes


Examples

NORMSINV(A3)

NORMSINV(R1C2)

NORMSINV(0.9244) gives the result 1.43530571453713

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMINV|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions



NOT

Thisfunctionreversesthelogicalvalueofitsargument.

Syntax

NOT(value)

Arguments

Provideanumericorlogicalvaluefortheargument.

Remarks

Ifthespecifiedvalueiszero,thenthefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthespecifiedvalueisavalueotherthanzero,thenthefunctionreturnsFALSE.

DataTypes

Acceptsbooleandata(TRUEorFALSE).Returnsbooleandata(TRUEorFALSE).

Examples

NOT(A3)

NOT(R1C2)

NOT(D5>100)

NOT(0) gives the result TRUE

NOT(TRUE)gives the result FALSE

NOT(12) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AND|OR|LogicalFunctions



NOW

Thisfunctionisusedtodeterminethecurrentdateandtime.ItreturnsaserialnumberthatrepresentsthecurrentdateandtimeinExcel.Theresultsareupdatedeachtimeaworksheetisopenedorrefreshed.

Syntax

NOW()

Arguments


Remarks

Thisfunctionisupdatedonlywhenthespreadsheetorcellcontainingthefunctionisrecalculated.Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsanumericvalue.

Examples

If it is 04:50:00 P.M. , February 14, 2019, then:

NOW() gives the result 43510.70174

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.Thisfunctionisavolatilefunctioninversion2.5orlater.

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,the NOW function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso






NPER

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofperiodsforaninvestmentbasedonapresentvalue,futurevalue,periodicpayments,andaspecifiedinterestrate.

Syntax

NPER(rate,paymt,pval,fval,type)

Arguments



paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod;cannotchangeoverlifeoftheannuity

pval Presentvalue

fval [Optional]Futurevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero(0)



Remarks

Besuretoexpresstheinterestrateasperperiod.Forexample,ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonaloanat8percentinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargument.

SeethePVfunctionfortheequationsforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

NPER(A1/12,50,1000,0,1)

NPER(R1C1/12,50,1000,0,1)

NPER(0.005,-790,90000,0,1) gives the result 167.7227522114

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FV|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions



NPV

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenetpresentvalueofaninvestmentbyusingadiscountrateandaseriesoffuturepaymentsandincome.

Syntax

NPV(discount,value1,value2,...)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondiscount Rateofdiscountforoneperiod

value1,... Valuesformoneypaidout(asforapayment)arenegativenumbers;valuesformoneyyoureceive(asforincome)arepositivenumbers

Thefunctionincludesincalculationsargumentsthatarenumbers,emptycells,logicalvalues,ortextrepresentationsofnumbers;thefunctionignoresargumentsthatareerrorvaluesortextthatcannotbetranslatedintonumbers.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,logicalvalues,text,orerrorvaluesinthearrayorreferenceareignored.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Thepaymentsandincomemustbeequallyspacedintimeandoccurattheendofeachperiod.Thefunctionusestheorderofthevaluestointerprettheorderofcashflows.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthecorrectsequence.

Theinvestmentbeginsoneperiodbeforethedateofthevalue1cashflowandendswiththelastcashflowinthelist.Thecalculationisbasedonfuturecashflows.Ifyourfirstcashflowoccursatthebeginningofthefirstperiod,thefirstvaluemustbeaddedtotheresult,notincludedinthevaluearguments.

ThisfunctionissimilartothePVfunction(presentvalue).UsePVtoworkwithcashflowsthatbeginatthebeginningortheendoftheperiod;thisfunctionallowscashflowsonlyattheendoftheperiod.Unlikethevariablecashflowvaluesofthisfunction,PVcashflowsmustbeconstantthroughouttheinvestment.

ThisisalsorelatedtotheIRRfunction(internalrateofreturn).IRRisequivalenttothisfunctionwhentherateargumentfornetpresentvalueequalszero:NPV(IRR(...),...)=0.

DataTypes


Examples

NPV(0.065,D12:D19)

NPV(R1C1,R12C4:R19C4)

NPV(6.5%, -10000, 3000, 3400, 7700) gives the result $2,055.38

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

IRR|PV|FinancialFunctions



NUMBERVALUE

Thisfunctionconvertstexttoanumber,inalocale-independentway.

Syntax

NUMBERVALUE(text,decseparator,groupseparator)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Texttoconverttoanumber

decseparator [Optional]Characterusedtoseparatetheintegerandfractionalpartoftheresult

groupseparator [Optional]Characterusedtoseparategroupingsofnumbers

Remarks

Iftheseparatorargumentsarenotspecified,separatorsfromthecurrentlocaleareused.Theresultis0ifanemptystringisspecifiedasthetextargument.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifthegroupseparatoroccursafterthedecimalseparatorinthetextargument.

DataTypes


Examples

NUMBERVALUE("2.4%")givestheresult0.024

VersionAvailable




OCT2BIN

Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoabinarynumber.

Syntax

OCT2BIN(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Octalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbe10charactersorless,andmustbebetween7777777000and

777


Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidorifplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes


Examples

OCT2BIN(77770000)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

OCT2DEC|OCT2HEX|HEX2BIN|DEC2BIN|EngineeringFunctions



OCT2DEC

Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

OCT2DEC(number)

Arguments

Specifytheoctalnumbertoconvert.Thenumbershouldnotcontainmorethan10octalcharacters.Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalid.

DataTypes


Examples

OCT2DEC(7777)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

OCT2BIN|OCT2HEX|HEX2DEC|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions



OCT2HEX

Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoahexadecimalnumber.

Syntax

OCT2HEX(number,places)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Octalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbe10charactersorless


Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidorifplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes


Examples

OCT2HEX(7777)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

OCT2BIN|OCT2DEC|HEX2OCT|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions



ODD

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvalueuptothenearestoddinteger.

Syntax

ODD(value)

Arguments


Remarks

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbytheargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes


Examples

ODD(A3)

ODD(R1C2)

ODD(4) gives the result 5

ODD(-2.5) gives the result -3

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|ISODD|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ODDFPRICE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofasecuritywithanoddfirstperiod.

Syntax

ODDFPRICE(settle,maturity,issue,first,rate,yield,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments




issue Issuedateforthesecurity

first Firstcoupondate

rate Annualinterestrate


redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity

freq Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorwhensettle,maturity,issue,orfirstisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,first,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateoryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthanfirstwhichshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanissue.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ODDFPRICE(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ODDLPRICE|PRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions



ODDFYIELD

Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldofasecuritywithanoddfirstperiod.

Syntax

ODDFYIELD(settle,maturity,issue,first,rate,price,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments





first Firstcoupondate

rate Interestrateofthesecurity

price Priceofthesecurity




Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,issue,orfirstisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,first,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0oryieldislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthanfirstwhichshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanissue.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

ODDFYIELD(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PRICE|ODDLYIELD|ODDFPRICE|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions



ODDLPRICE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofasecuritywithanoddlastcouponperiod.

Syntax

ODDLPRICE(settle,maturity,last,rate,yield,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments




last Lastcoupondate






Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orlastisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,last,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanlast.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataanddates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ODDLPRICE(C1,C2,A3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PRICE|ODDFPRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions



ODDLYIELD

Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldofasecuritywithanoddlastperiod.

Syntax

ODDLYIELD(settle,maturity,last,rate,price,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments




last Lastcoupondate


price Priceofthesecurity




Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orlastisinvalid.Settle,maturity,last,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0orpriceislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanlast.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ODDLYIELD(G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7,G8)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PRICE|ODDFPRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions



OFFSET

Thisfunctionreturnsareferencetoarange.Therangeisaspecifiednumberofrowsandcolumnsfromacellorrangeofcells.Thefunctionreturnsasinglecellorarangeofcells.

Syntax

OFFSET(reference,rows,cols,height,width)

Remarks

Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:.

Argument Descriptionreference Thelocationfromwhichtobasetheoffset

rows Numberofrowstowhichtheupperleftcellrefers

cols Numberofcolumnstowhichtheupperleftcellrefers

height [Optional]Numberofreturnedrows;ifomitted,sameasreference

width [Optional]Numberofreturnedcolumns;ifomitted,sameasreference

Thecolscanbepositive(rightofthereference)ornegative(left).Ifheightorwidthisomitted,itisthesameasthereference.

Remarks

Thisisavolatilefunction.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellrangeforreference.Acceptsnumbersforrows,cols,height,andwidth.Returnsacellrange.

Examples

OFFSET(D3,2,3,1,1)

OFFSET(D3:E5,2,3,1,1)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions



OR

ThisfunctioncalculateslogicalOR.ItreturnsTRUEifanyofitsargumentsaretrue;otherwise,returnsFALSEifallargumentsarefalse.

Syntax

OR(bool1,bool2,...)

OR(array)

OR(array1,array2,...)

OR(expression)

OR(expression1,expression2,...)

Arguments

Providenumeric(1or0)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)forupto255arguments.Youcanalsospecifyasinglearrayinsteadoflistingthevaluesseparately,orupto255arrays.Similarly,youcanspecifyanexpressionorupto255expressions.

DataTypes


Examples

OR(B3,B6,B9)

OR(R1C2,R1C3,R1C4,R1C5)

OR(D2:D12)

OR(R12C1:R12C9)

OR(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE) gives the result TRUE

OR(TRUE()) gives the result TRUE

OR(FALSE(),FALSE()) gives the result FALSE

OR(1+1=1,2+2=5) gives the result FALSE

OR(5+3=8,5+4=12) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AND|NOT|LogicalFunctions



PDURATION

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofperiodsrequiredbyaninvestmenttoreachspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

PDURATION(rate,pv,fv)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod

pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment

fv Desiredfuturevalueoftheinvestment

Alltheargumentsofthisfunctionhaspositivevalues.

Remarks

Allthepassedargumentsshouldbepositivevalues.

DataTypes


Examples

PDURATION(0.025/12,1000,1200)givestheresult87.6

VersionAvailable




PEARSON

ThisfunctionreturnsthePearsonproductmomentcorrelationcoefficient,adimensionlessindexbetween-1.0to1.0inclusiveindicativeofthelinearrelationshipoftwodatasets.

Syntax

PEARSON(array_ind,array_dep)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)

array_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)

Thearraysmustbethesamesize.

DataTypes


Examples

PEARSON(B4:G7,B8:G11)

PEARSON(R4C2:R7C7,R8C2:R11C7)

PEARSON({2,8,4,16,10,12},{8,2,15,14,18,11}) gives the result 0.262017

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

RSQ|STEYX|StatisticalFunctions



PERCENTILE

Thisfunctionreturnsthenthpercentileofvaluesinarange.

Syntax

PERCENTILE(array,n)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluesrepresentingthedata

n Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1

DataTypes


Examples

PERCENTILE(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTILE(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTILE({5,15,25,50,65},0.45) gives the result 23

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PERCENTRANK|QUARTILE|StatisticalFunctions



PERCENTILE.EXC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthekthpercentileofvaluesinarangewherekisbetween0..1,exclusive.

Syntax

PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k)

Arguments



k Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalueifthearrayisempty.Ifkisnonnumeric,#VALUE!isreturned.Ifk=0or1,#NUM!isreturned.Thefunctioninterpolatestodeterminethevalueatthekthpercentileifkisnotamultipleof1/(n-1).Thefunctioninterpolateswhenthevalueforthespecifiedpercentileisbetweentwovaluesinthearray.Ifthefunctioncannotinterpolateforthepercentile,#NUM!isreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

PERCENTILE.EXC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTILE.EXC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTILE.EXC({5,15,25,50,65},0.45)givestheresult22

VersionAvailable




PERCENTILE.INC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthekthpercentileofvaluesinarangewherekisbetween0..1,inclusive.

Syntax

PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)

Arguments



k Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalueifthearrayisempty.Ifkisnonnumeric,#VALUE!isreturned.Ifk<0or>1,#NUM!isreturned.Thefunctioninterpolatestodeterminethevalueatthekthpercentileifkisnotamultipleof1/(n-1).

DataTypes


Examples

PERCENTILE.INC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTILE.INC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTILE.INC({5,15,25,50,65},0.45)givestheresult23

VersionAvailable




PERCENTRANK

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentageofthedataset.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK(array,n,sigdig)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatawithnumericvaluesthatdefinestherelativeranking

n Valueforwhichyouwanttofindtherankinpercentage

sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusedthreesignificantdigits;ifnotaninteger,numberistruncated

DataTypes


Examples

PERCENTRANK(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTRANK(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTRANK(A1:A17,23,3)

PERCENTRANK(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)

PERCENTRANK({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,4) gives the result 0.8111

PERCENTRANK({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1) gives the result 0.8

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PERCENTILE|StatisticalFunctions



PERCENTRANK.EXC

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentage(0..1,exclusive)ofthedataset.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK.EXC(array,n,sigdig)

Arguments




sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusedthreesignificantdigits

Remarks

Ifarrayisempty,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.Ifsigdig<1,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

PERCENTRANK.EXC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTRANK.EXC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTRANK.EXC(A1:A17,23,3)

PERCENTRANK.EXC(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)

PERCENTRANK.EXC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1)givestheresult0.8

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PERCENTRANK



PERCENTRANK.INC

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentageofthedataset.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK.INC(array,n,sigdig)

Arguments




sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthreesignificantdigits;ifnotaninteger,numberistruncated

DataTypes


Examples

PERCENTRANK.INC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTRANK.INC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTRANK.INC(A1:A17,23,3)

PERCENTRANK.INC(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)

PERCENTRANK.INC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,4)givestheresult0.8111

PERCENTRANK.INC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1)givestheresult0.8

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PERCENTRANK



PERMUT

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofpossiblepermutationsforaspecifiednumberofitems.

Syntax

PERMUT(k,n)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionk Numberofitems;mustbegreaterthan0;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

n Numberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation;mustbepositiveor0;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Apermutationisanysetorsubsetofitemswhereinternalorderissignificant.Contrastwithcombinations(theCOMBINfunction).


wherekandnaredefinedinthearguments.

DataTypes


Examples

PERMUT(B3,5)

PERMUT(C4,B2)

PERMUT(R1C2,2)

PERMUT(8,2) gives the result 56

PERMUT(100,3) gives the result 970200

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COMBIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



PERMUTATIONA

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpermutationsforthespecifiednumberofitems(alongwithrepetitions)thatcanbeselectedfromthetotalitems.

Syntax

PERMUTATIONA(k,n)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionk Referstothetotalnumberofitems.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthan0.Ifthespecifiedvalueisnotan

integer,thenumberistruncated.

n Referstothenumberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation.Thisvaluemustbepositiveor0.Ifthespecifiedvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid,thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.

DataTypes


Examples

PERMUTATIONA(4,6)givestheresult4096.

PERMUTATIONA(2,5)givestheresult32.

VersionAvailable




PHI

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueofthedensityfunctionforthespecifiedstandardnormaldistribution.

Syntax

PHI(x)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberthatyouwanttocalculateinordertodeterminethedensityofthestandardnormaldistribution.

Remarks

Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid(invalidnumericvalueorinvaliddatatype),thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.

DataTypes

Acceptsonlynumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

PHI(0.35)givestheresult0.3752

PHI(0.4)givestheresult0.3682

VersionAvailable




PHONETIC

Thisfunctionextractsphonetic(furigana)charactersfromthespecifiedstring.

Syntax

PHONETIC(text)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyastring,oracellreferencethatcontainsthefuriganatext.

Remarks

Ifarangeofcellsispassedtotextargument,thefuriganatextofupper-leftcornercellisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

PHONETIC(pan)givestheresulta.

VersionAvailable




PI

ThisfunctionreturnsPIas3.1415926536.

Syntax

PI()

Arguments


DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

PI( )

DEGREES(PI()) gives the result 180

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DEGREES|RADIANS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



PMT

Thisfunctionreturnsthepaymentamountforaloangiventhepresentvalue,specifiedinterestrate,andnumberofterms.

Syntax

PMT(rate,nper,pval,fval,type)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods




Remarks

Besurethattheinterestrateandthenumberofpaymentperiodscorrespondtothesameunits.Ifpaymentperiodsaremonthly,thentheinterestrateshouldbecalculatedpermonth.Iftheinterestrateis6percentannually,youcanuse6%or(6/100)or0.06fortherateargumentifthepaymentperiodisayear,butformonthlypayperiods,dividethe6%by12.Thepaymentreturnedincludesprincipalandinterestbut,notaxes,reservepayments,orfees.


SeethePVfunctionfortheequationforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

PMT(B1,C4,C5,C6,1)

PMT(R1C2,8,16,4)

PMT(6%/12, 15, 5000) gives the result -$346.82

PMT(0.005, 15, 5000, 0, 1) gives the result -$345.10

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IPMT|PPMT|PV|FinancialFunctions



POISSON

ThisfunctionreturnsthePoissondistribution.

Syntax

POISSON(nevents,mean,cumulative)

Remarks


Argument Descriptionnevents NumberofeventsProvideaninteger,orthevalueistruncated.Thenumbermustbegreaterthan

zero.

mean ExpectednumericvalueThenumbermustbegreaterthanzero.

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativePoissonprobabilitythatthenumberofrandomeventsoccurringisbetweenzeroandneventsinclusive.SettoFALSEtoreturnthePoissonprobabilitymassfunctionthatthenumberofeventsoccurringisexactlynevents.

Remarks

ThecumulativePoissonprobabilityiscalculatedasfollows:

ThePoissonprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofevents(neventsargument),muisthemean(meanargument).

DataTypes


Examples

POISSON(A3,B4,TRUE)

POISSON(R1C2,3,FALSE)

POISSON(7,4,TRUE) gives the result 0.948866384

POISSON(7,4,FALSE) gives the result 0.059540363

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|GAMMADIST|HYPGEOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions



POISSON.DIST

ThisfunctionreturnsthePoissondistribution.

Syntax

POISSON.DIST(nevents,mean,cumulative)

Remarks


Argument Descriptionnevents Numberofevents;provideaninteger,orthevalueistruncated;thenumbermustbegreaterthan

zero

mean Expectednumericvalue;thenumbermustbegreaterthanzero

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativePoissonprobabilitythatthenumberofrandomeventsoccurringisbetweenzeroandneventsinclusive.SettoFALSEtoreturnthePoissonprobabilitymassfunctionthatthenumberofeventsoccurringisexactlynevents.

Remarks

ThecumulativePoissonprobabilityiscalculatedasfollows:

ThePoissonprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofevents(neventsargument),muisthemean(meanargument).

DataTypes


Examples

POISSON.DIST(A3,B4,TRUE)

POISSON.DIST(R1C2,3,FALSE)

POISSON.DIST(7,4,TRUE)givestheresult0.9488663842071525

POISSON.DIST(7,4,FALSE)givestheresult0.059540362609726345

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

POISSON



POWER

Thisfunctionraisesthespecifiednumbertothespecifiedpower.

Syntax

POWER(number,power)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Numbertoraisetothepowergiveninpower

power Powertowhichtoraisethenumbergiveninnumber

Specifythenumbertoraiseusingthefirstargumentandspecifythepowertoraiseittousingthesecondargument.

Remarks

Youcanusetheexponentoperator(^)insteadofthisfunctiontoraiseanumbertoapower;forexample,16^3.

DataTypes


Examples

POWER(A3,B4)

POWER(R1C2,3)

POWER(16,3) gives the result 4096

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

EXP|SQRT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



PPMT

Thisfunctionreturnstheamountofpaymentofprincipalforaloangiventhepresentvalue,specifiedinterestrate,andnumberofterms.

Syntax

PPMT(rate,per,nper,pval,fval,type)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod.

per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity.




Remarks

Besuretoexpresstheinterestrateasperannum.Forexample,iftheinterestrateis8percent,use8fortherateargument.


SeethePVfunctionfortheequationforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

PPMT(B1,C4,C5,C6,C7,1)

PPMT(R1C2,R4C3,R6C3,R7C3,0)

PPMT(0.45, 22, 30, 6000, 7000) gives the result -$206.47

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IPMT|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions



PRICE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofaperiodicinterestsecurity.

Syntax

PRICE(settlement,maturity,rate,yield,redeem,frequency,basis)

Arguments




rate Annualcouponrate



frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.A#NUM!errorisreturnediffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Settle,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifyieldorrateislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

PRICE(A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PRICEMAT|PRICEDISC|ODDFPRICE|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions



PRICEDISC

Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceper$100facevalueofadiscountedsecurity.

Syntax

PRICEDISC(settle,mature,discount,redeem,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity.

mature Maturitydateforthesecurity.

discount Amountinvestedinthesecurity.

redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity.


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

PRICEDISC(A1,A2,A5,A7,1)

PRICEDISC(R1C1,R2C1,R5C5,R5C7,2)

PRICEDISC("5/15/2004","9/1/2004",0.06,100,3) gives the result 98.20822

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DISC|PRICEMAT|FinancialFunctions



PRICEMAT

Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceatmaturityper$100facevalueofasecuritythatpaysinterest.

Syntax

PRICEMAT(settle,mature,issue,rate,yield,basis)

Arguments





rate Interestrateforthesecurityattheissuedate



Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,mature,orissueisinvalid.Settle,mature,issue,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateoryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

PRICEMAT(A1,A2,A5,A7,A7,1)

PRICEMAT(R1C1,R2C1,R5C5,R5C7,R5C9,2)

PRICEMAT("5/15/2004","9/1/2004","5/15/2003",0.06,0.07,3) gives the result 99.5842915904314

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DISC|PRICEDISC|FinancialFunctions



PROB

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilitythatvaluesinarangearebetweentwolimits.

Syntax

PROB(array,probs,lower,upper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofnumericvalues,whichhascorrespondingprobs

probs Probabilitiesassociatedwiththenumericvaluesinarray

lower Lowerlimitonthenumericvalueforwhichyouwantaprobability

upper [Optional]Upperlimitonthenumericvalueforwhichyouwantaprobability;ifomitted,returnstheprobabilityofresultequaltolowerlimit

Remarks

Iftheupperargumentisnotprovided,thefunctionusesthevalueforthelowerargumentonly,andreturnstheprobabilitythatthevaluesareequaltothelowerargument.

DataTypes


Examples

PROB({B1:B6},{E1:E6},10,100)

PROB({B2,B4,B5,B7},{0.4,0.25,0.1,.025),10,100)

PROB({R1C2:R6C2},{R1C5:R6C5},1,50)

PROB({0,1,2,3},{0.2,0.3,0.1,0.4},2) gives the result 0.1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|CRITBINOM|StatisticalFunctions



PRODUCT

Thisfunctionmultipliesalltheargumentsandreturnstheproduct.

Syntax

PRODUCT(value1,value2,...)

PRODUCT(array)

PRODUCT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

PRODUCT(B3,B7,12)

PRODUCT(C4,B2,B4,C5)

PRODUCT(A1:A9)

PRODUCT(R1C2,2,10)

PRODUCT(A1:A8,B1:B8,C2:C18)

PRODUCT(1,2,3,5,7,11,13) gives the result 30030

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FACT|QUOTIENT|SUMPRODUCT|StatisticalFunctions



PROPER

Thisfunctioncapitalizesthefirstletterineachwordofatextstring.

Syntax

PROPER(text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncapitalizeslettersthatfollowanycharacterotherthanaletter,forexample,aspace.Thisfunctionconvertsallotherletterstolowercaseletters.

DataTypes


Examples

PROPER(D2)

PROPER(""INTRO to SPREAD"") gives the result Intro To Spread

PROPER(""Tom's one-time order"") gives the result Tom’S One-Time Order

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHAR|UPPER|TextFunctions



PV

Thisfunctionreturnsthepresentvalueofaninvestmentbasedontheinterestrate,numberandamountofperiodicpayments,andfuturevalue.Thepresentvalueisthetotalamountthataseriesoffuturepaymentsisworthnow.

Syntax

PV(rate,numper,paymt,fval,type)

Arguments



numper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods

paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod;cannotchangeoverthelifeoftheannuity

fval [Optional]Futurevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationisbasedonthepayments



Remarks

Useconsistentunitsforspecifyingtherateandnumberofperiodsarguments.Ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonafive-yearloanat8percentannualinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargumentand5*12forthenumberofperiodsargument.Ifyoumakeannualpaymentsonthesameloan,use0.08forrateand5fornumberofperiods.

DataTypes


Examples

PV(B1/12,N24,-75,0,1)

PV(R1C1/12,48,R1C2,0,0)

PV(0.005,60,-100,0,1) gives the result $5,198.42

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FV|NPER|PMT|FinancialFunctions



QUARTILE

Thisfunctionreturnswhichquartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetavalueis.

Syntax

QUARTILE(array,quart)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayorcellrangeofnumericvaluesforwhichyouwantthequartilevalue

quart Quartilevalueforthearray(seethetablebelowforreturnedvalues)

Remarks

Aquarteris25percent.Sothequartilenumberisanintegerbetween0(theminimumvalueinthedataset)and4(themaximumvalueinthedataset)anddeterminesthevaluetoreturnaslistedinthetablebelow.

Ifthenumberis... Thenthisfunctionreturnsthe...0 Minimumvalue

1 Firstquartile(25thpercentile)

2 Medianvalue(50thpercentile)

3 Thirdquartile(75thpercentile)

4 Maximumvalue

DataTypes


Examples

QUARTILE(A1:A17,2)

QUARTILE(R1C1:R17C1,3)

QUARTILE({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1) gives the result 20.25

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PERCENTILE|PERCENTRANK|StatisticalFunctions



QUARTILE.EXC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthequartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetbasedonpercentilevaluesfrom0..1,exclusive.

Syntax

QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart)

Arguments




Remarks






4 Maximumvalue

Thefunctionreturns#NUM!ifthearrayisempty.Thefunctionreturns#NUM!ifquart=0or4.

DataTypes


Examples

QUARTILE.EXC(A1:A17,2)

QUARTILE.EXC(R1C1:R17C1,3)

QUARTILE.EXC({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1)givestheresult18.75

VersionAvailable




QUARTILE.INC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthequartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetbasedonpercentilevaluesfrom0..1,inclusive.

Syntax

QUARTILE.INC(array,quart)

Arguments




Remarks






4 Maximumvalue

DataTypes


Examples

QUARTILE.INC(A1:A17,2)

QUARTILE.INC(R1C1:R17C1,3)

QUARTILE.INC({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1)givestheresult20.25

VersionAvailable




QUOTIENT

Thisfunctionreturnstheintegerportionofadivision.Usethistoignoretheremainderofadivision.

Syntax

QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumerator Numeratorordividend

denominator Denominatorordivisor

DataTypes


Examples

QUOTIENT(B8,B10)

QUOTIENT(R8B2,R10B2)

QUOTIENT(14,4) gives the result 3

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MOD|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



Functions R to S

FunctionsRtoS

RADIANS RAND RANDARRAY RANDBETWEEN

RANK RANK.AVG RANK.EQ RATE

RECEIVED REPLACE REPLACEB REPT

RIGHT RIGHTB ROMAN ROUND

ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP ROW ROWS

RRI RSQ RTD SEARCH

SEARCHB SEC SECH SECOND

SERIESSUM SEQUENCE SHEET SHEETS

SIGN SIN SINH SINGLE

SKEW SKEW.P SLN SLOPE

SMALL SORT SORTBY SQRT

SQRTPI STANDARDIZE STDEV STDEV.P

STDEV.S STDEVA STDEVP STDEVPA

STEYX SUBSTITUTE SUBTOTAL SUM

SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT SUMSQ

SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2 SWITCH

SYD



RADIANS

Thisfunctionconvertsthespecifiednumberfromdegreestoradians.

Syntax

RADIANS(value)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakesanyrealnumberanglevalueastheargument.

Remarks

Convertsangleindegreestoangleinradians.

DataTypes


Examples

RADIANS(B3)

RADIANS(R1C2)

RADIANS(45) gives the result 0.7853981634 (which is p/4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DEGREES|PI|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



RAND

Thisfunctionreturnsanevenlydistributedrandomnumberbetween0and1.

Syntax

RAND()

Arguments


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanewrandomnumber.

Togeneratearandomrealnumberbetweenxandy,withygreaterthanx,usethefollowingexpression:

RAND()*(y-x)+x

Togeneratearandomintegerbetweenxandy,withygreaterthanx,usethefollowingexpression:

INT((y-x+1)*RAND()+x)

Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.Formoreinformation,refertoVolatileFunctions.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

RAND()

RAND()*100

INT(RAND()*100)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

RANDBETWEEN|INT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



RANDARRAY

Thisfunctionreturnsanarrayofrandomnumericvalues.Userscanspecifythenumberofrowsandcolumns,minimumandmaximumvaluesandindicatewhethertoreturnintegersordecimalvalues.

Syntax

RANDARRAY([rows],[columns],[min],[max],[integer])

Arguments

RANDARRAYfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionrows Specifiesthenumberofrowsofrandomnumberstogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefault

value1isused).

columns Specifiesthenumberofcolumnsofrandomnumberstogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused).

min Specifiestheminimumofvaluestogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue0isused).

max Specifiesthemaximumofvaluestogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused).

integer ReturnsanintegeronlyifthespecifiedvalueisBooleanTRUE.IfthisvalueisFALSE,thisfunctionreturnsadecimalvalue(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalueFALSEisused).

DataTypes

Acceptsthenumberofrowsandcolumns.Returnsanarrayofrandomnumbers.

Note:RANDARRAYisavolatilefunction.Thismeansthateachtimetheworksheetcalculates,theRANDARRAYfunctionrecalculatesthenewvalues.

Remarks

Bydefault,ifusersdon'tspecifytheroworcolumnargument,theRANDARRAYfunctionwillreturnasinglevaluebetween0and1.Also,ifminimumandmaximumargumentsarenotspecified,thentheRANDARRAYfunctionreturnsarandomsetofvaluesbetween0and1.Theminimumnumberargumentshouldalwayscontainavaluewhichislessthanthemaximumnumber,elsethisfunctionwillreturna#VALUE!error.Further,ifthewhole-numberargumentisempty,thenthisfunctionwillchooseFALSEasthedefaultvalueandthedecimalvaluewillbereturned.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellA8inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=RANDARRAY(5,3)"andreturnsarandomsetofvaluesbetween0and1.



RANDARRAY(5,3,1,100)returnsaseriesofrandomdecimalvaluesbetween1and100.

RANDARRAY(5,3,1,100,TRUE)returnsaseriesofrandomwholenumbersbetween1and100.

VersionAvailable




RANDBETWEEN

Thisfunctionreturnsarandomnumberbetweenthenumbersyouspecify.

Syntax

RANDBETWEEN(lower,upper)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionlower Lowernumberoftwonumbersbetweenwhicharandomnumberischosen;thisnumbermustbeless

thanupper

upper Uppernumberoftwonumbersbetweenwhicharandomnumberischosen

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanewrandomnumbereverytimethesheetiscalculated.

Thisfunctionsreturnsanintegervalue.Thefirstargumentmustbelessthanthesecondargument.

Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.Formoreinformation,refertoVolatileFunctions.

DataTypes


Examples

RANDBETWEEN(A1,B2)

RANDBETWEEN(10,20)

RANDBETWEEN(10,40)*100

INT(RANDBETWEEN(1,10)*100)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

RAND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



RANK

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.Ifyouweretosorttheset,therankofthenumberwouldbeitspositioninthelist.

Syntax

RANK(number,array,order)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Numberwhoserankyouwanttoreturn

array Referencetothesetofnumbers

order [Optional]Howthenumberisranked,eitherindescendingorder(0oromitted)orascendingorder(non-zerovalue)

Remarks

Thisfunctiongivesduplicatenumbersthesamerank.Thepresenceofduplicatenumbersaffectstheranksofsubsequentnumbers.Forexample,inalistofintegers,ifthenumber12appearstwiceandhasarankof4,then13wouldhavearankof6(nonumberwouldhavearankof5).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforthenumberargument,areferenceforthearrayargument,andnumericdatafortheorderargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

RANK(B3,B1:B8,1)

RANK(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)

RANK(16,{2,4,8,16,32},1) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MEDIAN|MODE|StatisticalFunctions



RANK.AVG

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.

Syntax

RANK.AVG(number,array,order)

Arguments





Remarks

Thesizeofthereturnednumberisrelativetoothervaluesinthelist.Theaveragerankisreturnedifmorethanonevaluehasthesamerank.

DataTypes


Examples

RANK.AVG(B3,B1:B8,1)

RANK.AVG(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)

VersionAvailable




RANK.EQ

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.

Syntax

RANK.EQ(number,array,order)

Arguments





Remarks

Thesizeofthereturnednumberisrelativetoothervaluesinthelist.Thetoprankofthatsetofvaluesisreturnedifmorethanonevaluehasthesamerank.Duplicatenumbersaregiventhesamerank.Duplicatenumbersaffecttheranksofsubsequentnumbers.Forexample,ifthenumberof11isduplicatedwitharankof6inalistofascendingnumbers,thenumber12wouldhavearankof8.

DataTypes


Examples

RANK.EQ(B3,B1:B8,1)

RANK.EQ(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)

VersionAvailable




RATE

Thisfunctionreturnstheinterestrateperperiodofanannuity.

Syntax

RATE(nper,pmt,pval,fval,type,guess)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity

pmt Valuerepresentingthepaymentmadeeachperiod


fval Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment


guess Guessforwhattheratewillbe(optional)

Remarks

Guessisassumedtobe10%ifomitted.

DataTypes


Examples

RATE(A1,B2,C3,C4,1)

RATE(360, -600, 80000) gives the result 0.686%

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IPMT|PMT|PPMT|FinancialFunctions



RECEIVED

Thisfunctionreturnstheamountreceivedatmaturityforafullyinvestedsecurity.

Syntax

RECEIVED(settle,mature,invest,discount,basis)

Arguments




invest Amountinvestedinthesecurity

discount Discountrateforthesecurity


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifinvestordiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

RECEIVED(A1,B2,C3,C4,1)

RECEIVED("3/01/2004","6/01/2004",600000,0.03,2) gives $604,635.50

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

INTRATE|FinancialFunctions



REPLACE

Thisfunctionreplacespartofatextstringwithadifferenttextstring.

Syntax

REPLACE(old_text,start_char,num_chars,new_text)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionold_text Originaltextinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters

start_char Startingpositionintheoriginaltexttobeginthereplacement

num_chars Numberofcharactersintheoriginaltextthatyouwanttoreplacewithcharactersfromthenewtext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

new_text Newtextthatreplacescharactersintheoriginaltext

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoreplaceaspecifiednumberofcharactersinaspecifiedlocationwithothercharacters.UsetheSUBSTITUTEfunctiontoreplacespecifictextwithothertext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdatafortheold_textargument,numericdataforthestart_charargument,numericdataforthenum_charsargument,andstringdataforthenew_textargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

This example replaces three characters with one character, starting with the sixth character in the provided text:

REPLACE(""abcdefghijk"", 6, 3, ""%"") gives the result abcde%ijk

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FIND|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions



REPLACEB

Thisfunctionreplacespartofatextstringwithadifferenttextstring(basedonspecifiednumberofbytes).

Syntax

REPLACEB(old_text,start_char,num_bytes,new_text)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionold_text Referstotheoriginaltextinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters.

start_char Referstothestartingpositionintheoriginaltexttobeginthereplacement.

num_bytes Referstothenumberofbytesintheoriginaltextthatyouwanttoreplacewithcharactersfromthenewtext.Ifthisfunctionisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

new_text Referstothenewtextthatreplacescharactersintheoriginaltext.

Remarks

TheREPLACEBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdatafortheold_textargument,numericdataforthestart_charargument,numericdataforthenum_bytesargument,andstringdataforthenew_textargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

REPLACEB("lovely",1,3,"lo")givestheresultloely.

REPLACEB("rosy",1,3,"!")givestheresult!y.

VersionAvailable




REPT

Thisfunctionrepeatstextaspecifiednumberoftimes.

Syntax

REPT(text,number)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Textyouwanttorepeat

number Numberoftimesyouwanttorepeatthetext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;ifzero(0),returnsempty("")

Remarks

Theresultofthisfunctionmustbelessthanorequalto255characters.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargumentandnumericdataforthenumberargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

REPT(D9, 2)

REPT(R9C4, 2)

REPT(""*4"", 3) gives the result *4*4*4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CONCATENATE|TextFunctions



RIGHT

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedrightmostcharactersfromatextvalue.

Syntax

RIGHT(text,num_chars)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Textstringfromwhichyouwanttoreturncharacters

num_chars [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifomitted,calculationusesone(1);ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.

Thenum_charsargumenthastheserules:

Thenum_charsargumentmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifthenum_charsargumentisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsalltext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargumentandnumericdataforthenum_charsargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

RIGHT(""Total Sales"",5) gives the result Sales

RIGHT(""Collie dog"") gives the result g

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LEFT|MID|TextFunctions



RIGHTB

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedrightmostcharactersfromatextvalueonthebasisofthenumberofbytes.

Syntax

RIGHTB(mytext,num_bytes)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionmytext Referstothetextstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

num_bytes [Optional]Referstothenumberofbytestobeextracted.Ifthisvalueisomitted,itusesone.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks


Thenum_bytesargumentworksonthefollowingrules:


DataTypes


Examples

RIGHTB("NOVARO")givestheresultO.

RIGHTB("MOBILE")givestheresultE.

VersionAvailable




ROMAN

Thisfunctionconvertsanarabicnumeraltoaromannumeraltextequivalent.

Syntax

ROMAN(number,style)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Arabicnumbertoconvert

style Typeofromannumeral

Remarks

Thestyleofromannumeralissetbythenumericvalueofthestyleargument:

Stylevalue Romannumeralstyle0 or omitted Classic

1 Moreconcise

2 Moreconcise

3 Moreconcise

4 Simplified

TRUE Classic

FALSE Simplified

Anerrorisreturnedifthenumberargumentisnegative.

DataTypes


Examples

ROMAN(100,3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ABS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ROUND

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvaluetothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.

Syntax

ROUND(value,places)

Arguments

Usethevalueargumenttospecifythenumbertoround.Usetheplacesargumenttospecifythenumberofdecimalplaces.Theplacesargumenthastheserules:

Setplacestoavaluegreaterthanzerotoroundtothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.Setplacestozerotoroundtothenearestwholenumber.Setplacestoavaluelessthanzerotoroundthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestten,hundred,etc.

Remarks

Theresultmayberoundeduporroundeddown.

DataTypes


Examples

ROUND(A3,–2)

ROUND(C4,B2)

ROUND(R1C2,2)

ROUND(PI(),5) gives the result 3.14159

ROUND(29.2,-2) gives the result 0because 29.2 is closer to 0 than to 100.

ROUND(-1.963,0) gives the result -2

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROUNDDOWN|ROUNDUP|CEILING|FLOOR|MROUND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ROUNDDOWN

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiednumberdowntothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.

Syntax

ROUNDDOWN(value,places)

Arguments



Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbythevalueargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

Remarks

Theresultisalwaysroundeddown.

DataTypes


Examples

ROUNDDOWN(3.2,0) gives the result 3

ROUNDDOWN(D14,3)

ROUNDOWN(R14C4,10)

ROUNDDOWN(3.14159,3) gives the result 3.141

ROUNDDOWN(-3.14159,1) gives the result -3.1

ROUNDDOWN(31415.92654,-2) gives the result 31400

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROUND|ROUNDUP|CEILING|FLOOR|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ROUNDUP

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiednumberuptothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.

Syntax

ROUNDUP(value,places)

Arguments



Remarks

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbythevalueargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes


Examples

ROUNDUP(A3,–2)

ROUNDUP(C4,B2)

ROUNDUP(R1C2, 2)

ROUNDUP(PI(),5) gives the result 3.14160

ROUNDUP(29.2,-2) gives the result 100

ROUNDUP(-1.963,0) gives the result -2

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ROUND|ROUNDDOWN|CEILING|FLOOR|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



ROW

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofarowfromareference.

Syntax

ROW(reference)

Arguments

Theargumentisacellorasinglearea.

Remarks

Ifthereferenceisomitted,thereferenceofthecellthatthefunctionisinisused.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellorasinglearea.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ROW(B2) gives the result 2

ROW(B1:B5) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COLUMNS|INDEX|LookupFunctions



ROWS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofrowsinanarray.

Syntax

ROWS(array)

Arguments

Theargumentisanarray,anarrayformula,orarangeofcells.

DataTypes

Acceptsarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ROWS(B2:B14) gives the result 13

ROWS(R2C6:R4C12) gives the result 3

ROWS($H$2:$H$8) gives the result 7

ROWS(R[2]C[3]:R[8]C[3]) gives the result 7

ROWS(R3C2:R17C2) gives the result 15

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

COLUMNS|INDEX|LookupFunctions



RRI

Thisfunctionreturnscalculatedinterestrateforgrowthofinvestment.

Syntax

RRI(nper,pv,fv)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnper Numberofperiodsfortheinvestment

pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment

fv Futurevalueoftheinvestment

Alltheargumentsofthisfunctionhaspositivevalues.

Remarks

Ifthepassedargumentsareinvalid,thisfunctionreturnsanerrorvalue.

DataTypes


Examples

RRI(96,10000,11000)givestheresult0.0009933

VersionAvailable




RSQ

ThisfunctionreturnsthesquareofthePearsonproductmomentcorrelationcoefficient(R‑squared)throughdatapointsinknowny’sandknownx’s.

Syntax

RSQ(array_dep,array_ind)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)

array_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)


DataTypes


Examples

RSQ(B2:B14,H2:H14)

RSQ(R2C2:R14C2,R2C8:R14C8)

RSQ({2,4,6},{10,15,25}) gives the result 0.964286

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PEARSON|StatisticalFunctions



RTD

Thisfunctionretrievesreal-timedatafromaprogramthatsupportsCOMautomation.

Syntax

RTD(progID,server,topic1, topic2, ...)

Arguments


Argument DescriptionprogID ReferstothenameoftheProgIDofaregisteredCOMautomationadd-inthathasbeeninstalledon

thelocalcomputer.

server Referstothenameoftheserverwheretheadd-inis.Leavetheargumentblankifthisisrunlocally.

topic1 Thetopic1argumentisrequired.Subsequenttopicsareoptional.Therecanbe1to253parametersthatrepresentauniquepieceofreal-timedata.

Remarks

TheRTDCOMautomationadd-inmustbecreatedandregisteredonalocalcomputer.

DataTypes


VersionAvailable




SEARCH

Thisfunctionfindsonetextstringinanothertextstringandreturnstheindexofthestartingpositionofthefoundtext.

Syntax

SEARCH(string1,string2)

Arguments

Thefirstargumentisastringorcellreferenceofthetextyouaresearchingforandthesecondargumentisastring,cellreference,orcellrangeofwhatyouwanttosearch.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceorstring.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SEARCH(A2,A4:A9)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FIND|CONCATENATE|TextFunctions



SEARCHB

Thisfunctionsearchesonetextvaluewithinanotherandreturnsthetextvalue’spositioninthetextyousearched.

Syntax

SEARCHB(findtext,intext,start)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionfindtext Referstothetextyouaretryingtofind;ifempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirstcharacterinthe

searchstring(thatis,thecharacternumberedstartor1);cannotcontainwildcardcharacters.

intext Referstothetextthroughwhichyouaresearching.

start [Optional]Referstothenumberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch.Thefirstcharacterofintextargumentis1.Ifthisvalueisomitted,thecalculationstartsat1.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

TheSEARCHBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butithappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.


DataTypes


Examples

SEARCHB("MOB","MOBILE")givestheresult1.

VersionAvailable




SEC

Thisfunctionreturnsthesecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

SEC(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthesecant.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

SEC(60)givestheresult-1.049

SEC(45)givestheresult1.903

VersionAvailable




SECH

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolicsecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

SECH(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthehyperbolicsecant.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

SECH(30)givestheresult1.87E-13

SECH(45)givestheresult5.73E-20

VersionAvailable




SECOND

Thisfunctionreturnstheseconds(0to59)valueforaspecifiedtime.

Syntax

SECOND(time)

Arguments



Remarks

Thesecondisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0to59

DataTypes


Examples

SECOND(A2)

SECOND(R2C1)

SECOND(0.01) gives the result 24

SECOND(TIME(12,0,0))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HOUR|MINUTE|DateandTimeFunctions



SERIESSUM

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofapowerseries.

Syntax

SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coeff)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valuetoevaluateinthepowerseries

n Powertowhichtoraisex

m Stepbywhichtoincreasenforeachtermintheseries

coeff Setofcoefficientsfortheseries(thevaluesofa1,a2,...ai)

Remarks

Thepowerseriesformulais:

wherex,n,andmarethesimilarlynamedargumentsandaisthecoeffargument.

DataTypes


Examples

SERIESSUM(34,3,2,A1:A6)

SERIESSUM(12,3,1,B2:B24)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SEQUENCE

SEQUENCEfunctionreturnsalistofsequentialnumbersinanarray(inascendingorder),suchas1,2,3,4andsoon.Thisfunctionisusedwithhard-codedargumentsinordertoallowuserstogenerateaspecificsequenceofvaluesforthedynamicarrayformula.

Syntax

SEQUENCE(rows,[columns],[start],[step])

Arguments

SEQUENCEfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionrows [required]Specifiesthenumberofrowstogenerateinthesequence.Itismandatoryforusersto

specifythisargument.Ifthisargumentisnotprovided,the#CALC!errorwillbereturned.

columns [optional]Specifiesthenumberofcolumnstogenerateinthesequence.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsanarraywiththespecifiednumberofcolumns.Ifnothingisspecified,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.

start [optional]Specifiesthestartingvalue.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsvaluesstartingwiththespecifiedvalue.Incasenothingisspecifiedbytheuser,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.

step [optional]Specifiestheincrementvalue.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsvaluesincrementedwiththatspecifiedvalue.Incasenothingisspecifiedbytheuser,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.

DataTypes

Acceptsthenumberofrowsandcolumns.Returnsasequenceofnumbers.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellA2inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SEQUENCE(4,5)"andreturnsanarraywithvaluesspilledtoacellrangecontainingfourrowsandfivecolumnsdisplayingnumbersinthesequence1,2,3,4upto20.

VersionAvailable




SHEET

Thisfunctionreturnsthesheetnumberofthereferencesheet.

Syntax

SHEET(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,thenameofasheetorareferenceforwhichyouwantthesheetnumber.Thisargumentisoptional.

Remarks

The#REF!errorvalueisreturnedifthevalueargumentisaninvalidvalue.The#NAerrorvalueisreturnedifthevalueargumentisaninvalidsheetname.

DataTypes


Examples

SHEET(Products)givestheresult1,whereProductsisthenameofthefirstsheet(Sheet1)intheworkbook.

SHEET("SheetFour")givestheresult4,whereSheetFouristhenameofthe4thsheetintheworkbook.

VersionAvailable




SHEETS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofsheetsinareference.

Syntax

SHEETS(ref)

Arguments

Fortheargument,thereferenceforwhichyouwanttoknowthenumberofsheets.Thisargumentisoptional.

Remarks

The#REF!errorvalueisreturnedifthereferenceisnotavalidvalue.Thetotalnumberofsheetsintheworkbookisreturnedifnoparameterislisted.

DataTypes


Examples

SHEETS(Products)givestheresult2.

VersionAvailable




SIGN

Thisfunctionreturnsthesignofanumberorexpression.

Syntax

SIGN(cellreference)

SIGN(value)

SIGN(expression)

Arguments


Remarks

Returns1ifthenumberispositive,0ifthenumberis0,and–1ifthenumberisnegative.

DataTypes


Examples

SIGN(B3)

SIGN(R1C2)

SIGN(-5) gives the result -1

SIGN(15-8) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ABS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SIN

Thisfunctionreturnsthesineofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

SIN(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthesine.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

SIN(B4)

SIN(R1C2)

SIN(30*PI()/180) gives the result 0.5

SIN(RADIANS(45))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOS|ASIN|COS|SINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SINH

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolicsineofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

SINH(value)

Arguments

Youcanuseanyrealnumberforthevalueargument.

Remarks

Theequationforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineis:

wherezisthevalueargument.

DataTypes


Examples

SINH(B4)

SINH(R1C2)

SINH(1) gives the result 1.1752011936

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASINH|SIN|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SINGLE

Thisfunctionreturnsasinglevalue,asinglecellrangeoranerrorusingtheintersectionlogic.Therearetwotypesofintersectionlogic-ImplicitIntersectionandExplicitIntersection.

TheImplicitintersectionlogicselectsasinglevaluefromanarrayofvalueswhilealsoensuringthattheformulareturnsonlyonevaluethatthecellcanhold.Implicitintersectioncanbeusedwhenuserswanttospecifyarangeargumenttoafunctionthatexpectsasinglevalueandtheformulaisnotanarrayformula(aformulaenteredusingCtrl+Shift+Enter).Inthiscase,thevalueinthecelloftherangewhichintersectsthecolumnorrowoftheformulacellisusedforthefunction.

Whendynamicarraysareenabled,thenthe"ImplicitIntersection"isnotsupported,andusersmustusetheSINGLEfunction(orthe'@'operator)tospecifythe"ExplicitIntersection"inordertoreturnthesinglevalue.Thisisrequiredbecausespecifyingtherangeargumentwillpasstherangetothefunctionandtheresultswillbespilledasadynamicarray.

Syntax

SINGLE(value)

Arguments

value-[required]Specifiesthevaluethatyouwanttoevaluateusingimplicitintersection.

DataTypes

Acceptsvaluesintheformofacellrange.Returnsasinglevalue,asinglecellrangeoranerror.

Remarks

Iftheargumentprovidedbytheusercontainsarange,thentheSINGLEfunctionreturnsthecellattheintersectionoftheroworcolumnoftheformulacell.But,ifthereisnointersection,ormorethanonecellfallsintotheintersection,thenthisfunctionwillreturna#VALUE!error.Further,iftheargumentprovidedbytheusercontainsanarray,theSINGLEfunctionreturnsthefirstitem(i.e.Row1,Column1).

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellA15inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SINGLE(A15:E15)"andreturnstheresult"C"inthecellC16byevaluatingtheintersectionoftherowsandcolumnsinthecellrangeA15toE15.

VersionAvailable




SKEW

Thisfunctionreturnstheskewnessofadistribution.

Syntax

SKEW(number1,number2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarenumericvalues.Onlythefirstargumentisrequired.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.

DataTypes


Examples

SKEW(A1,B2,B3,C1,C4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

KURT|StatisticalFunctions



SKEW.P

Thisfunctioncalculatestheskewnessofadistributiononthebasisofpopulation.

Syntax

SKEW.P(value1,[value2],...)

Arguments

Theargumentspassedarenumericvalues.Onlythefirstargumentisrequired.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesn'tmakeuseofasamplebutusesthestandarddeviationofthewholepopulation.

Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid(invalidvaluesordatatypes),thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.

DataTypes


Examples

SKEW.P(3,4,5,2,3,4,5,6,4,7)givestheresult0.303

SKEW.P(4,7,5,2,3,4,5,1,2,7)givestheresult0.1619

VersionAvailable




SLN

Thisfunctionreturnsthestraight-linedepreciationofanassetforoneperiod.

Syntax

SLN(cost,salvage,life)

Arguments



salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciation


DataTypes


Examples

SLN(B1,1000,10)

SLN(R1C2,1000,10)

SLN(500000,20000,5) gives the result $96,000

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DB|DDB|SYD|FinancialFunctions



SLOPE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheslopeofalinearregression.

Syntax

SLOPE(array_dep,array_ind)

Arguments





DataTypes


Examples

SLOPE(A1:A4,B1:B4)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SERIESSUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SMALL

Thisfunctionreturnsthenthsmallestvalueinadataset,wherenisspecified.

Syntax

SMALL(array,n)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayfromwhichtoreturnthenthlargestvalue

n Theposition(fromthelargestvalue)forwhichtoreturnthevalue(forexample,5toreturnthefifthlargestvalue).Mustbeequaltoorlessthanthenumberofitemsinthearray.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoselectavaluebasedonitsrelativestanding.

DataTypes

Acceptsarrayandnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SMALL(B4:B8,2)

SMALL(R4C2:R8C2,2)

SMALL({15, 20, 10, 5}, 2) gives the result 10

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LARGE|StatisticalFunctions



SORT

Thisfunctionsortsthedatainacellrangeoranarray.Thecellcontentsareextractedfromthesourcearray,thedataissortedandtheresultsspillintotheresultantrangewithadynamicarrayofvaluesarrangedinascendingordescendingorder.Userscansortthevaluesbyoneormorecolumnsinthespreadsheetaspercustomrequirements.

TheSORTfunctionrequiresthesortkeystobeincludedinsidethespecifiedarray.Further,userscanperformsortingonmultiplefieldsbyexecutingthemultiple-keysortingoperationontheworksheet.Forinstance-let'ssayyouhavealargedatabasethatyouwanttosortinsuchawaythatyoucanobtainthesalesdatatoanalysewhichregionsellshowmanyproductunits.Now,inthisscenario,youwillhavetoperformsortingontwofieldsconcurrently-1)SortingbasedontheRegioncolumn(thatspecifiestheareawheretheproductisbeingsold)and2)SortingbasedontheSalescolumn(thatcontainsthefiguresastohowmanyproductsaresold).Inmultiple-keysortingormulti-leveldatasorting,thesortindexandthesortordercanbeofthesamelengthwhichspecifiesmultiplesortkeysandtheirsortkeyordersrespectively.

Syntax

SORT(array, [sort_index], [sort_order], [by_col])

Arguments

SORTfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttosort.

sort_index [optional]Specifiesthecolumnindexoftheroworcolumntosortby.Ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused.

sort_order [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.

by_col [optional]IfthisargumentisTRUE,itreferstothe"sortbycolumn"operationandifFALSE,itreferstothe"sortbyrow"operation.ThedefaultvalueisBooleanFALSEi.e.thesortbyrowoperation.

Ifyouareimplementingmultiple-keysorting,theargumentssort_index[specifiesmultiplesortkeys]andthesort_order[specifiesthesortkeyorders]intheabovetablecanbeofthesamelength.

DataTypes

Acceptsarangeorarraythatuserswanttosort.Returnsasortedarray.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellD4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(A4:A15)"andreturnsthecustomernamessortedbyageintheincreasingorder.



IfyouwanttosortalltheuniquevaluesintherangeA4toA15,youcaneitherapplythesortfunctionontheuniquelistdisplayedinthecolumnC4oryoucanalsocombineboththefunctionsSORTandUNIQUEintoasingleformula.

Forinstance,thecellE4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(C4#)"where#indicatesalist.ThisformulawillsortthelistofvaluesincolumnC(wherecellC4alreadycontainstheUNIQUEformula"=UNIQUE(A4:A15)")anddisplaystheresultsincolumnE.

Alternatively,youcanalsocombineboththefunctionsSORTandUNIQUE.Forinstance,thecellF4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(UNIQUE(A4:A15))"whichreturnsalltheuniquevaluesintherangeA4:A15sortedalphabetically.

VersionAvailable



SORTBY

Thisfunctionsortsthecontentsofacellrangeoranarrayonthebasisofthevaluespresentinacorrespondingrangeorarray.

UnliketheSORTfunction,theSORTBYfunctiondoesn'trequirethesortkeystobeincludedinsidethespecifiedarrayorthesortrange.However,itisnecessarytoallocateappropriatesizetothesortkeys(withrespecttotheircorrectlength)whileworkingwiththisfunction.

Syntax

SORTBY(array, by_array1, [order_array1], [by_array2,order_array2], …)

Arguments

SORTBYfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttosort.

by_array1 [required]Specifiesthearrayorrangeofthefirstsortkey.

order_array1 [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.

by_array2 [optional]Specifiesthearrayorrangeofthesecondsortkey.

order_array2 [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.Thisargumentisrequiredonlyiftheby_array2argumentisspecified.

Thisfunctioncanacceptadditionalargumentsinpairs.Userscanspecifythenextsortkeyrangeandorderaspercustomrequirements.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellrangeoranarrayofdatathatyouwanttosortalongwithanothercellrangebasedonwhichthesortoperationwilltakeplace.Returnsasortedarray.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellG4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORTBY(A4:B15,B4:B15)".ThisfunctionsortsthecellrangeA4toB15basedonanothercellrangeB4toB15andreturnsthecustomernamesdisplayedalongwiththeiragessortedintheincreasingorder(thedefaultsortorder).



VersionAvailable




SQRT

Thisfunctionreturnsthepositivesquarerootofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

SQRT(value)

Arguments

Theargumentmaybeanypositivenumericvalue.Youmustprovideapositivenumberfortheargument.

DataTypes


Examples

SQRT(B4)

SQRT(R4C2)

SQRT(256) gives the result 16

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

POWER|EXP|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SQRTPI

Thisfunctionreturnsthepositivesquarerootofamultipleofpi(p).

Syntax

SQRTPI(multiple)

Arguments

Specifythenumberofmultiplesofpi(p)ofwhichtocalculatethesquareroot.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatesthesquarerootofamultipleofpi.

DataTypes


Examples

SQRTPI(A3)

SQRTPI(1) is the same as SQRT(PI())

SQRTPI(5) gives the result 3.963327

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PI|SQRT|StatisticalFunctions



STANDARDIZE

Thisfunctionreturnsanormalizedvaluefromadistributioncharacterizedbymeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stdev)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Valuetonormalize



DataTypes


Examples

STANDARDIZE(15.6,A4,B2)

STANDARDIZE(88,48,1.6) gives the result 25

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

NORMDIST|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions



STDEV

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforasetofnumbers.

Syntax

STDEV(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,oranintegervalue.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"non-biased"or"n–1"method.

Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationis:

wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVPfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromtheSTDEVA,whichallowstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

STDEV(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEV(A1:A9)

STDEV(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEV(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 9.3422576382

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions



STDEV.P

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation(ofnumericvalues).

Syntax

STDEV.P(value1,value2,...)

Arguments


Remarks

Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVfunction.

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"biased"or"n"method.

Logicalvaluesandtextrepresentationsofnumbersthataretypedintothelistofargumentsarecounted.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,errorvalues,logicalvalues,ortextinthearrayorreferenceareignored.

Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationforapopulationis:

wherexisthesamplemean,AVERAGE(number1,number2,…),andnisthenumberofvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

STDEV.P(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEV.P(A1:A9)

STDEV.P(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEV.P(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96)givestheresult8.80796497

VersionAvailable




STDEV.S

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationbasedonasample(ofnumericvalues).

Syntax

STDEV.S(value1,value2,...)

Arguments


Remarks

Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEV.Pfunction.

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"n-1"method.



wherexisthesamplemean,AVERAGE(number1,number2,…),andnisthenumberofvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

STDEV.S(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEV.S(A1:A9)

STDEV.S(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEV.S(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96)givestheresult9.342257638

VersionAvailable




STDEVA

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforasetofnumbers,text,orlogicalvalues.

Syntax

STDEVA(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,anintegervalue,text,oralogicalvalue.Therecanbeupto255arguments.TRUEevaluatesto1andFALSEortextevaluatesto0.

Remarks


Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"non-biased"or"n–1"method.

TheequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationisthesameasforSTDEV:

wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVbecauseitacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,andlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

STDEVA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEVA(A1:A9)

STDEVA(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEVA(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 9.3422576382

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGE|STDEV|STDEVPA|StatisticalFunctions



STDEVP

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation(ofnumericvalues).

Syntax

STDEVP(value1,value2,...)

Arguments


Remarks





Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVPA,whichacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

STDEVP(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEVP(A1:A9)

STDEVP(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEVP(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 8.8079649700

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|STDEV|STDEVPA|StatisticalFunctions



STDEVPA

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation,includingtextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

Syntax

STDEVPA(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranintegervalue.Therecanbeupto255arguments.TRUEevaluatesas1.TextorFALSEevaluatesas0.

Remarks





Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVAfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVPbecauseitacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,andlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

STDEVPA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEVPA(A1:A9)

STDEVPA(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEVPA(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 8.8079649700

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|STDEVP|STDEVA|StatisticalFunctions



STEYX

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarderrorofthepredictedyvalueforeachx.Thestandarderrorisameasureoftheamountoferrorinthepredictionofyforavalueofx.

Syntax

STEYX(array_dep,array_ind)

Arguments





DataTypes


Examples

STEYX(A1:A17,B1:B17)

STEYX({22,33,49,21,32,37,43},{31,28,29,42,35,37,34]) gives the result 10.14406

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERF|PEARSON|StatisticalFunctions



SUBSTITUTE

Thisfunctionsubstitutesanewstringforspecifiedcharactersinanexistingstring.

Syntax

SUBSTITUTE(text,old_piece,new_piece,instance)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiontext Stringorreferencetoacellcontainingthestringinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters

old_piece Stringtobereplaced

new_piece Newstringtouseinsteadofexistingstring

instance [Optional]Whichoccurrenceoftheexistingstringtoreplace;otherwiseeveryoccurrenceisreplaced

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoreplacespecifictextwithothertext.UsetheREPLACEfunctiontoreplaceaspecificnumberofcharactersinaspecificlocationwithothercharacters.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetext,old_piece,andnew_piecearguments,andnumericdatafortheinstanceargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

SUBSTITUTE(""Down Trend"",""Down"",""Up"") gives the result Up Trend

SUBSTITUTE(""Feb 1, 1991"",""1"",""2"", 3) gives the result Feb 1, 1992

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FIND|REPLACE|TRIM|TextFunctions



SUBTOTAL

Thisfunctioncalculatesasubtotalofalistofnumbersusingaspecifiedbuilt-infunction.

Syntax

SUBTOTAL(functioncode,value1,value2,...)

SUBTOTAL(functioncode,array)

Arguments

Thefunctioncodeargumentisthenumberthatrepresentsthebuilt-infunctiontouseforthesubtotal,asgiveninthistable.

Built-InFunction

FunctionCode(IncludeHiddenValues)

FunctionCode(IgnoreHiddenValues)

AVERAGE 1 101

COUNT 2 102

COUNTA 3 103

MAX 4 104

MIN 5 105

PRODUCT 6 106

STDEV 7 107

STDEVP 8 108

SUM 9 109

VAR 10 110

VARP 11 111

Eachadditionalargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentscanbeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

TheSUBTOTALfunctiondoesnotincludeotherSUBTOTALformularesultsthatareinthesamerange.

DataTypes


Examples

SUBTOTAL(8,A1:B7)

VersionAvailable




SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUM

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofcellsorrangeofcells.

Syntax

SUM(value1,value2,...)

SUM(array)

SUM(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks

RangereferenceswithmixedrelativenessforcolumnorrowendpointsarenotsupportedwiththeSUMfunction.R1C[1]:R2C[2]isokaybut,R1C1:R2C[2]isnot.

TheSUMfunctionignoresnon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.Forexample,ifA1containsTRUE,A2contains"2",andA3contains4,then:

TRUE+"2"+4evaluatesto7

A1+A2+A3evaluatesto7

SUM(TRUE,"2",4)evaluatesto7

SUM(A1,A2,A3)evaluatesto4

The+operatorprovidesanauto-conversionfornon-numericvaluespassedbyconstantandfornon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.TheSUMfunctionprovidesanauto-conversionfornon-numericvaluespassedbyconstantbut,ignoresnon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.

DataTypes


Examples

SUM(A1,B7,C11)

SUM(A1:A9)

SUM(A2:A14,B2:B18,D12:D30)

SUM(R1C2,R3C5,R6C2,R1C7)

SUM(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 797

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



SUMPRODUCT|SERIESSUM|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMIF

Thisfunctionaddsthecellsusingagivencriteria.

Syntax

SUMIF(array,condition,sumrange)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoran

integervalue

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsareadded,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

sumrange [Optional]Rangeofcellstoadd;ifomitted,thenallthecellsinthearrayareadded

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforarrayandsumrange.Acceptstext,numericorexpressiondataforcondition.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SUMIF(A1:B7,">150",C1:C11)

SUMIF(A1:A9,">150")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|COUNTIF|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMIFS

Thisfunctionaddsthecellsinarangeusingmultiplecriteria.

Syntax

SUMIFS(array,conditionarray,condition,...)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoran

integervalue

conditionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoranintegervalue

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsareadded,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforarray.Acceptstext,numericorexpressiondataforcondition.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10,">0",C1:C10,"<10")

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|COUNTIF|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMPRODUCT

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofproductsofcells.Multipliescorrespondingcomponentsinthegivenarrays,andreturnsthesumofthoseproducts.

Syntax

SUMPRODUCT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Theremustbeatleasttwoarrays(array1,array2)andoptionallyupto255arrays(array3,...)asarguments.Thearraysmusthavethesamedimension.

DataTypes


Examples

SUMPRODUCT(A1:A17,B1:B17,C1:C17)

SUMPRODUCT({2,3,5,6,4,7},{5,6,4,4,7,2}) gives the result 114

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMSQ

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesquaresofthearguments.

Syntax

SUMSQ(value1,value2,...)

SUMSQ(array)

SUMSQ(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


DataTypes


Examples

SUMSQ(A1,B7,C11)

SUMSQ(A1:A9)

SUMSQ(R1C2,R3C5,R6C2,R1C7)

SUMSQ(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 71277

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMX2MY2

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthedifferenceofthesquaresofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.

Syntax

SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_y)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray_x Firstarrayofvalues(x’s)

array_y Secondarrayofvalues(y’s)


DataTypes


Examples

SUMX2MY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUMX2PY2|SUMXMY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMX2PY2

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesumofsquaresofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.

Syntax

SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y)

Arguments





DataTypes


Examples

SUMX2PY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUMX2MY2|SUMXMY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SUMXMY2

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesquareofthedifferencesofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.

Syntax

SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y)

Arguments





DataTypes


Examples

SUMXMY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

SUMX2PY2|SUMX2MY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



SWITCH

Thisfunctioncomparesspecifiedexpressionagainstgivenlistofvaluesandreturnstheresultaccordingtothefirstmatchingvalue.

Syntax

SWITCH(expression,value, result, result_no_match)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionexpression Valueorexpressiontocompare

value Valuecomparedagainstexpression

result Valuereturnedifcomparisionmatches

result_no_match Valuereturnedifcomparisiondonotmatch

Remarks

Inthisfunction,argumentvalueandresultcantakeupto126differententrieseach.

DataTypes

Acceptsdataofanytype.Returnsdataofanytype.

Examples

SWITCH(WEEKDAY(A2),1,"Sunday",2,"Monday",3,"Tuesday","Nomatch")givestheresultNomatch.

VersionAvailable




SYD

Thisfunctionreturnsthesum-of-years’digitsdepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiod.

Syntax

SYD(cost,salvage,life,period)

Arguments



salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciation


period Periodfordepreciation;mustusethesameunitsasthelifeargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedigitsdepreciationasfollows:

DataTypes


Examples

SYD(B1,1000,10,1)

SYD(R1C2,1000,10,1)

SYD(100000,10000,5,2) gives the result $2,4000

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DB|DDB|SLN|FinancialFunctions



Functions T to Z

FunctionsTtoZ

T T.DIST T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT

T.INV T.INV.2T T.TEST TAN

TANH TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD

TDIST TEXT TEXTJOIN TIME

TIMEVALUE TINV TODAY TRANSPOSE

TREND TRIM TRIMMEAN TRUE

TRUNC TTEST TYPE UNICHAR

UNICODE UNIQUE UPPER USDOLLAR

VALUE VAR VAR.P VAR.S

VARA VARP VARPA VDB

VLOOKUP WEBSERVICE WEEKDAY WEEKNUM

WEIBULL WEIBULL.DIST WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL

XIRR XNPV XOR YEAR

YEARFRAC YIELD YIELDDISC YIELDMAT

Z.TEST ZTEST



T

Thisfunctionreturnsthetextinaspecifiedcell.

Syntax

T(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanycellreference.

Remarks

Ifthecellcontainstext,thisfunctionreturnstext.Ifthecellcontainsanumber,thisfunctionreturnsanemptystring.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreference.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

T(B3) If B3 contains "Test" then this function returns "Test".

T(R3C2)

T(A1)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

LEN|ISTEXT|CHAR|UPPER|LOWER|TextFunctions



T.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityforthet-distribution.

Syntax

T.DIST(x,deg,cumulative)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueusedtoevaluatethedistribution

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifxordegarenonnumeric.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforxanddegarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

T.DIST(A1,B45,TRUE)

T.DIST(0.245,2,TRUE)givestheresult1.4146507236438

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TDIST



T.DIST.2T

Thisfunctionreturnsthet-distribution.

Syntax

T.DIST.2T(x,deg)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

T.DIST.2T(A1,B45,2)

T.DIST.2T(0.245,2,1)givestheresult0.414651

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TDIST



T.DIST.RT

Thisfunctionreturnsthet-distribution.

Syntax

T.DIST.RT(x,deg)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

T.DIST.RT(A1,B45)

T.DIST.RT(0.245,2)givestheresult0.41465072364379996

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TDIST



T.INV

Thisfunctionreturnsthet-valueofthestudent'st-distributionasafunctionoftheprobabilityandthedegreesoffreedom.

Syntax

T.INV(prog,deg)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthestudent’st-distribution


DataTypes


Examples

T.INV(A4,2)

T.INV(0.68,4)givestheresult0.5051744394100004

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TINV



T.INV.2T


Syntax

T.INV.2T(prog,deg)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution


Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

T.INV.2T(A4,2)

T.INV.2T(0.68,4)givestheresult0.44400612800394834

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TINV



T.TEST

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityassociatedwithat-test.

Syntax

T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,type)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray1 Arrayofvaluesinfirstdataset

array2 Arrayofvaluesinseconddataset

tails Numberoftails

type Typeoft-testtoperform(1,2,or3)

Remarks

Thetailsandtypeargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftailsortypeisnonnumeric.

DataTypes


Examples

T.TEST(A1:A17,B1:B17,4,3)

T.TEST({2,2,2,3,4},{2,3,3,4,5},1,2)givestheresult0.1260360000000153

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TTEST



TAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthetangentofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

TAN(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthetangent.

Remarks


DataTypes


Examples

TAN(B3)

TAN(R3C2)

TAN(45*PI()/180) gives the result 1

TAN(RADIANS(20))

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ATAN|ATAN2|COS|SIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



TANH

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolictangentofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

TANH(value)

Remarks

Youcanuseanyrealnumberforthevalueargument.

Theequationforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineis:

DataTypes


Examples

TANH(B3)

TANH(R1C2)

TANH(0.5) gives the result 0.4621171573

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ATAN|ATANH|COSH|SINH|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



TBILLEQ

ThisfunctionreturnstheequivalentyieldforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).

Syntax

TBILLEQ(settle,mature,discount)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionsettle SettlementdatefortheTreasurybill

mature MaturitydatefortheTreasurybill

discount DiscountratefortheTreasurybill

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanmatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Thisfunctioniscalculatedas(365xrate)/(360-(ratexDSM)),whereDSMisthenumberofdaysbetweensettleandmaturecomputedaccordingtothe360daysperyearbasis.

DataTypes

AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

TBILLEQ(A1,B2,C3)

TBILLEQ("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",0.0532) gives the result 0.054437659 (or 5.44%)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TBILLPRICE|TBILLYIELD|FinancialFunctions



TBILLPRICE

Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceper$100facevalueforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).

Syntax

TBILLPRICE(settle,mature,discount)

Arguments




discount DiscountratefortheTreasurybill

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanmatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

TBILLPRICE(A1,B2,C3)

TBILLPRICE("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",0.065)gives the result $98.88055556

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TBILLEQ|TBILLYIELD|FinancialFunctions



TBILLYIELD

ThisfunctionreturnstheyieldforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).

Syntax

TBILLYIELD(settle,mature,priceper)

Arguments




priceper Priceper$100facevaluefortheTreasurybill

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifpriceperislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

TBILLYIELD(A1,B2,C3)

TBILLYIELD("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",98.65)gives the result 0.0794598041299475 (or 5.80%)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TBILLEQ|TBILLPRICE|FinancialFunctions



TDIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityforthet-distribution.

Syntax

TDIST(x,deg,tails)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionx Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution


tails Numberoftailstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;for1,returnsone‑taileddistribution;for2,returnstwo‑taileddistribution

DataTypes


Examples

TDIST(A1,B45,2)

TDIST(0.245,2,1)gives the result 0.414651

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FDIST|TINV|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions



TEXT

Thisfunctionformatsanumberandconvertsittotext.

Syntax

TEXT(value,text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentrequiresastring.Valuerequiresnumericdataorareferencetoacellthatcontainsnumericdata.

DataTypes

Returnsstringdata.

Examples

TEXT(A1,"$0.00") gives the result $10.00if A1 contains 10

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CHAR|EXACT|TextFunctions



TEXTJOIN

Thisfunctioncombinesthetextfrommultiplestrings,andincludesthespecifieddelimiterbetweeneachtextvalue.

Syntax

TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, value1, value2,...)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiondelimiter Referstoatextstring(eitherempty,oroneormorecharactersinsidedoublequotes)oracell

referencecontainingtextvalue.Ifyoupassanumberinthisargument,itwillberecognizedastext.

ignore_empty AcceptsabooleanTRUEorFALSE.IfthisvalueisTRUE,itignoresemptycells.

value1 Referstoatextstring,oranarrayofstringstobejoined.

value2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionaltextstringstobejoined.

Remarks

Theresultantstringcanholdamaximumof32767characters.Iftheresultantstringexceedsthislimit,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.

DataTypes

Returnsstringdata.

Examples

TEXTJOIN("",TRUE,"You","may","get","late","for","party.")givestheresultYoumaygetlateforparty.

VersionAvailable




TIME

Thisfunctionreturnsthedecimalnumberforthespecifiedtime.

Syntax

TIME(hour,minutes,seconds)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionhour Hourasanumberfrom0to23.

minutes Minutesasanumberfrom0to59.

seconds Secondsasanumberfrom0to59.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsadecimalvalue.

Examples

TIME(A1,B1,C1)

TIME(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)

TIME(12,0,0) gives the result 0.5

TIME(16,48,10) gives the result 0.7

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TIME function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

HOUR|MINUTE|DAY|NOW|TODAY|DateandTimeFunctions





TIMEVALUE

ThisfunctionreturnsthedecimalnumberrepresentingaparticulartimeinExcel.

Syntax

TIMEVALUE(time_string)

Arguments

Specifythetimeasatextstring.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoconvertthetimerepresentedbyatextstringtoadecimalnumber.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.ReturnsthedecimalnumberthatrepresentsthetimeinExcel.

Examples

TIMEVALUE(B18)

TIMEVALUE(R18C2)

TIMEVALUE("5:29") gives the result 0.228472

TIMEVALUE("5:29 PM") gives the result 0.728472

TIMEVALUE("17:29") gives the result 0.728472

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TIMEVALUE function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

TIME|DATEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions





TINV


Syntax

TINV(prog,deg)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution


DataTypes


Examples

TINV(A4,2)

TINV(0.68,4)gives the result 0.444006

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

TDIST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions



TODAY

ThisfunctionreturnsaserialnumberrepresentingthecurrentdateinExcel.Theresultsareupdatedassoonastheworksheetisopenedorrefreshed.

Syntax

TODAY()

Arguments


Remarks

Ifyouusethisfunctioninadate-timecell(DateTimeCellType),thecellformatsthevalueusingthedateformatsettings.

Thisfunctionisupdatedonlywhenthespreadsheetorcellcontainingthefunctionisrecalculated.Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsanumericvalue(aserialnumber)thatrepresentsthecurrentdateinExcel.

Examples

If today is the 13th of February in the year 2019, then

TODAY() gives the result 43509.

VersionAvailable


Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TODAY function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATE|DAY|NOW|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions





TRANSPOSE

Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalrangeofcellsasahorizontalrangeorahorizontalrangeofcellsasaverticalrange.

Syntax

TRANSPOSE(array)

Arguments

Thearrayargumentisarangeofcellsoranarraythatyouwanttoswitch.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusesthefirstrowofthearrayasthefirstcolumnofthenewarrayandsoon.


DataTypes


Examples

TRANSPOSE(A2:A5)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|INDEX|LOOKUP|VLOOKUP|LookupFunctions



TREND

Thisfunctionreturnsvaluesalongalineartrend.Thisfunctionfitsastraightlinetothearraysknownxandyvalues.Trendreturnstheyvaluesalongthatlineforthearrayofspecifiednewxvalues.

Syntax

TREND(y,x,newx,constant)

Arguments


Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=mx+b


newx Newxvaluesforwhichthisfunctionsreturnsthecorrespondingyvalues

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0

Remarks

Ifconstantistrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally.Ifconstantisfalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=mx.


Ifnewxisomittedthenitdefaultstox.


DataTypes


Examples

TREND(A2:A7,C2:C7,A9:A10)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|FREQUENCY|DEVSQ|GROWTH|INDEX|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions



TRIM

Thisfunctionremovesextraspacesfromastringandleavessinglespacesbetweenwords.

Syntax

TRIM(text)

Arguments

Theargumentspecifiesthestringcontainingthespacesyouwanttoremove.

DataTypes


Examples

TRIM("" First Quarter"") gives the result First Quarter

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CLEAN|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions



TRIMMEAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthemeanofasubsetofdataexcludingthetopandbottomdata.

Syntax

TRIMMEAN(array,percent)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluestotrimandfindthemean

percent Fractionalamountofdatainarraytotrim(toexcludefromcalculation)

DataTypes


Examples

TRIMMEAN(A1:A17,0.25)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

GEOMEAN|HARMEAN|StatisticalFunctions



TRUE

ThisfunctionreturnsthevalueforlogicalTRUE.

Syntax

TRUE()

Arguments


DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumeric(boolean)data.

Example

TRUE()givestheresult1(TRUE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FALSE|IF|LogicalFunctions



TRUNC

Thisfunctionremovesthespecifiedfractionalpartofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

TRUNC(value,precision)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertotruncate

precision Integerrepresentingtheprecision;ifgreaterthanzero,truncatestothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces;ifzero(ornotspecified),truncatetothenearestwholenumber;iflessthanzero,roundsthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestorderoftens

Remarks

TheTRUNCandINTfunctionsaresimilarinthatbothcanreturnintegers.UsetheTRUNCfunctiontoremovethedecimalportionofthenumber;theTRUNCfunctiondoesnotroundupordown.UsetheINTfunctiontoroundnumbersdowntothenearestintegerbaseddecimalportionofthenumber.

Thesefunctionsdifferalsowhenusingnegativenumbers:TRUNC(–4.2,0)returns–4,butINT(–4.2)returns–5because–5isthelowernumber.

DataTypes


Examples

TRUNC(B16)

TRUNC(R16C2)

TRUNC(5.745) gives the result 5

TRUNC(-5.745) gives the result -5

TRUNC(5.745,2) gives the result 5.74

TRUNC(PI()) gives the result 3

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|INT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions



TTEST

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityassociatedwithat-test.

Syntax

TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray1 Arrayofvaluesinfirstdataset

array2 Arrayofvaluesinseconddataset

tails Numberoftails

type Typeoft-testtoperform(1,2,or3)

DataTypes


Examples

TTEST(A1:A17,B1:B17,4,3)

TTEST({2,2,2,3,4},{2,3,3,4,5},1,2)gives the result 0.126036

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FTEST|TDIST|TINV|ZTEST|StatisticalFunctions



TYPE

Thisfunctionreturnsthetypeofvalue.

Syntax

TYPE(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanyvalueassummarizedhere:

TypeofValue ReturnedNumberNumber 1

DateTimeobject 1

TimeSpanobject 1

Text 2

Logicalvalue 4

Errorvalue 16

Array 64

DataTypes

Acceptsmanytypesofdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

TYPE(G15)

TYPE(R15C7)

TYPE(154) gives the result 1

TYPE("String") gives the result 2

TYPE(TRUE) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERROR|ISLOGICAL|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions



UNICHAR

ThisfunctionreturnstheUnicodecharacterspecifiedbyanumber.

Syntax

UNICHAR(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifytheUnicodenumberrepresentingacharacter.

Remarks

TheresultantUnicodecharactercanbeastringinUTF-8orUTF-16code.

If0ispassedintheargumentorthepassednumeralsareoutofrange,thisfunctionreturnsanerror.

DataTypes


Examples

UNICHAR(86)givestheresultV.

UNICHAR(79)givestheresultO.

VersionAvailable




UNICODE

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumber(code)correspondingtofirstcharacterofspecifiedtext.

Syntax

UNICODE(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifyatextvaluetoobtaintheUnicodevalue.

Remarks

Ifthepassedargumentscontainaninvaliddatatype,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.

DataTypes


Examples

UNICODE("D")givestheresult68

UNICODE("tor")givestheresult116

VersionAvailable




UNIQUE

Thisfunctionreturnsalistofalltheuniquevaluesinacellrange.

Syntax

UNIQUE(array,[by_col],[occurs_once])

Arguments

UNIQUEfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarrayfromwhichyouwanttoreturnuniquevalues.

by_col [optional]Specifiesthelogicalvaluethatindicateshowtocompare.IfthisargumentisTRUE,itrefersto"bycolumn"andifFALSE,itreferstothe"byrow".

occurs_once [optional]Specifiesalogicalvalue.IfthisargumentisTRUE,itwillreturnuniquevaluesthatoccuronlyonce.IncasethevalueisFALSE,alltheuniquevalueswillbeincludedintheresult.

DataTypes

Acceptsarangeorarray.Returnsalistofuniquevalues.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellC4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=UNIQUE(A4:A15)"andreturnsonlytheuniquecustomernamesfromthevaluesincellrangeA4toA15.Basedonthenumberofuniquevalues,thedynamicarrayformulaspillstothecellrangeC5toC8automatically.

VersionAvailable



UPPER

Thisfunctionconvertstexttouppercaseletters.

Syntax

UPPER(string)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextyouwanttoconverttouppercase.Theargumentmaybeastring,areferencetoacellcontainingastring,oraformulathatreturnsastring.

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesnotchangecharactersinvaluethatarenotletters.

DataTypes


Examples

UPPER(G15)

UPPER(R15C7)

UPPER("Report") gives the result REPORT

UPPER(""summary"") gives the result "SUMMARY"

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

PROPER|LOWER|T|TextFunctions



USDOLLAR

Thisfunctionconvertsanumbertotextusingcurrencyformat,withthedecimalsroundedtothespecifiedplace.

Syntax

DOLLAR(number,digits)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionnumber Referstothenumericvaluetoconverttotextusingthecurrencyformat

digits [Optional]Referstothenumberofdecimalplacestomaintain;ifnegative,thevalueisroundedtotheleftofthedecimalpoint;ifomitted,thesystemlocalesettingisusedtodeterminethenumberofdecimalplaces

Remarks

ThisfunctionalwaysshowsU.S.currency.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

USDOLLAR(A5,B2)

USDOLLAR(R1B2,R3D4)

Version Available

This function is available in Spread for Windows Forms 11.0 or later.



VALUE

Thisfunctionconvertsatextstringthatisanumbertoanumericvalue.

Syntax

VALUE(text)

Arguments

This function has these arguments:

Argument Descriptiontext Numberinquotationmarksorareferencetoacellwiththetext.

Remarks

Thetextcanbeinnumber,date,ortimeformat.Ifthetextisnotinthecorrectformat,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.

DataTypes


Examples

VALUE("$9,000")gives the result 9000

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DOLLAR|DOLLARFR|FIXED|TextFunctions



VAR

Thisfunctionreturnsthevariancebasedonasampleofapopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VAR(value1,value2,...)

VAR(array)

VAR(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks

Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.

Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,wherenisthenumberofvalues.


Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARPfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARA,whichacceptstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

VAR(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VAR(A1:A9)

VAR(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VAR(R1C1:R9C1)

VAR(R1C1:R1C9)

VAR(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 45.8095238095

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



AVERAGE|COVAR|VARP|VARA|StatisticalFunctions



VAR.P

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VAR.P(value1,value2,...)

VAR.P(array)

VAR.P(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks



Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,

wherexisthesamplemeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,…)andnisthenumberofvalues.

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVAR.Sfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

VAR.P(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VAR.P(A1:A9)

VAR.P(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VAR.P(98,85,76,87,92,89,90)givestheresult39.26530612

VersionAvailable




VAR.S

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedonasample,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VAR.S(value1,value2,...)

VAR.S(array)

VAR.S(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks



Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,

wherexisthesamplemeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,…)andnisthenumberofvalues.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

VAR.S(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VAR.S(A1:A9)

VAR.S(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VAR.S(98,85,76,87,92,89,90)givestheresult45.80952381

VersionAvailable




VARA

Thisfunctionreturnsthevariancebasedonasampleofapopulation,whichincludesnumeric,logical,ortextvalues.

Syntax

VARA(value1,value2,...)

VARA(array)

VARA(array1,array2,...)

Remarks

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks




Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARPAfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARbecauseitacceptstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,logical,andtextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

VARA(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VARA(A1:A9)

VARA(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VARA(R1C1:R9C1)

VARA(R1C1:R1C9)

VARA(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 45.8095238095

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



AVERAGEA|VAR|VARP|StatisticalFunctions



VARP

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VARP(value1,value2,...)

VARP(array)

VARP(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks




Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes


Examples

VARP(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VARP(A1:A9) VARP(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VARP(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 39.2653061224

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

AVERAGE|VAR|VARPA|StatisticalFunctions



VARPA

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichincludesnumeric,logical,ortextvalues.

Syntax

VARPA(value1,value2,...)

VARPA(array)

VARPA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments


Remarks





Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARAfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPbecauseitacceptslogicalandtextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,logical,andtextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

VARPA(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VARPA(A1:A9) VARPA(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VARPA(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 39.2653061224

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso



AVERAGEA|VARA|VARP|StatisticalFunctions



VDB

Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationofanassetforanyperiodyouspecifyusingthevariabledecliningbalancemethod.

Syntax

VDB(cost,salvage,life,start,end,factor,switchnot)

Arguments



salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciationperiod


start Numberrepresentingthestartingperiodforwhichtocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsaslife;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

end Numberrepresentingtheendingperiodforwhichtocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsaslife;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

factor [Optional]Rateatwhichthebalancedeclines;ifomitted,usestwo(2)

switchnot [Optional]Logicalvaluespecifyingwhethertoswitchtostraight-linedepreciationwhendepreciationisgreaterthanthedecliningbalancecalculation;ifomittedusesFALSE

Remarks

Iffactorisomitted,thecalculationusestwo,whichrepresentsthedouble‑decliningbalancemethod.Forothermethods,useadifferentvalue.Formoreinformationaboutthedouble‑decliningbalancemethod,seeDDB.

DataTypes


Examples

VDBD(B1,1000,10,1,8)

VDB(50000,500,1200,100,1000,1) gives the result $37,122.94

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DB|DDB|SLN|SYD|FinancialFunctions



VLOOKUP

Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueintheleftmostcolumnandreturnsavalueinthesamerowfromacolumnyouspecify.

Syntax

VLOOKUP(value,array,colindex,approx)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalue Valueforwhichtosearch

array Arrayorcellrangethatcontainsthedatatosearch

colindex Columnnumberinthearrayfromwhichthematchingvalueisreturned

approx [Optional]Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertofindanapproximatematch;ifomitted,usesTRUEandfindsanapproximatematch

Remarks

IfapproxisFALSE,itfindsanexactmatch,notanapproximatematch.Ifitcannotfindone,itreturnsan#N/Aerrorvalue.

IfapproxisTRUEoromitted,andthevaluecannotbefound,thenthelargestvaluethatislessthanthevalueisused.

ThisfunctionissimilartoHLOOKUPexceptthatitsearchesvertically(bycolumn),insteadofbyrow(horizontally).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

VLOOKUP(2,A1:D10,3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions



WEBSERVICE

ThisfunctionreturnsdatafromawebserviceontheInternetorIntranet.

Syntax

WEBSERVICE(url)

Arguments

Fortheargument,thewebserviceURL.

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftheargumentcannotreturndataortheURLcontainsmorethan2048characters.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftheargumentstringisnotvalidorcontainsmorethan32767characters.The#VALUE!errorvalueisalsoreturnedifthestringcontainsunsupportedprotocols.

DataTypes


Examples

WEBSERVICE(A3)

VersionAvailable




WEEKDAY

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumbercorrespondingtothedayoftheweekforaspecifieddate.

Syntax

WEEKDAY(date,type)

Arguments


Argument Description date Dateforwhichyouwanttodeterminethedayoftheweekprovided

type [Optional]Numberthatrepresentsthenumberingschemeforthereturnedweekdayvalue;canbeanyof:

Value Numberreturned

1oromitted Numbers1(Sunday)through7(Saturday)

2 Numbers1(Monday)through7(Sunday)

3 Numbers0(Monday)through6(Sunday)


Remarks

Thereturneddayoftheweekisgivenasaninteger,rangingfrom0to6or1to7,dependingonthesettingofthetypeargument.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

WEEKDAY(A2)

WEEKDAY(R2C1)

WEEKDAY(36828) gives the result 1 equivalent to Sunday

WEEKDAY(46,2) gives the result 3

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DATE|DAY|MONTH|WEEKNUM|WORKDAY|DateandTimeFunctions



WEEKNUM

Thisfunctionreturnsanumberthatindicatestheweekoftheyearnumerically.

Syntax

WEEKNUM(date,weektype)

Arguments


Argument Description date Dateforwhichyouwanttodeterminethenumberofweek

weektype Typeofweekdeterminedbyonwhichdaytheweekstarts

Value Numberreturned

1(assumedifomitted) WeekstartsonaSunday

2 WeekstartsonaMonday


DataTypes


Examples

WEEKNUM(A2)

WEEKNUM(R2C1,2)

WEEKNUM(23,1) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

MONTH|WEEKDAY|DateandTimeFunctions



WEIBULL

Thisfunctionreturnsthetwo-parameterWeibulldistribution,oftenusedinreliabilityanalysis.

Syntax

WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments



alpha Scaleparameterofthedistribution,representedbyalpha

beta Shapeparameterofthedistribution,representedbybeta

cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative,whichislogical(boolean).Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

WEIBULL(3,D4,D5,FALSE)

WEIBULL(50,10,20,TRUE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso




WEIBULL.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthetwo-parameterWeibulldistribution,oftenusedinreliabilityanalysis.

Syntax

WEIBULL.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments



alpha Scaleparameterofthedistribution,representedbyalpha

beta Shapeparameterofthedistribution,representedbybeta

cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative,whichislogical(boolean).Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

WEIBULL.DIST(3,D4,D5,FALSE)

WEIBULL.DIST(50,10,20,TRUE)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

WEIBULL



WORKDAY

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofworkingdaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate.

Syntax

WORKDAY(startdate,numdays,holidays)

Arguments



numdays Numberofnon-weekendornon-holidaydaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate;daysinthefuturearepositiveanddaysinthepastarenegative;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated


DataTypes


Examples

WORKDAY(A2,A4)

WORKDAY(R2C1,R5C5)

WORKDAY(A1,A2,A5:A7)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DATE|NETWORKDAYS|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions



WORKDAY.INTL

Thisfunctionreturnstheserialnumberofthedatebeforeorafteraspecifiednumberofworkdayswithcustomweekendparameters.

Syntax

WORKDAY.INTL(startdate,numdays,weekend,holidays)

Arguments



numdays Numberofworkdaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate;daysinthefuturearepositiveanddaysinthepastarenegative;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

weekend [Optional]Anumberorstringthatspecifieswhenweekendsoccur.Weekenddaysaredaysoftheweekthatarenotcountedasworkingdays


Thefollowingtableliststheweekendnumbervalues:

Number Day1oromitted Saturday,Sunday

2 Sunday,Monday

3 Monday,Tuesday

4 Tuesday,Wednesday

5 Wednesday,Thursday

6 Thursday,Friday

7 Friday,Saturday

11 Sundayonly

12 Mondayonly

13 Tuesdayonly

14 Wednesdayonly

15 Thursdayonly

16 Fridayonly

17 Saturdayonly

Remarks

Weekendstringvaluesaresevencharacterslongandeachcharacterinthestringrepresentsadayoftheweek,startingwithMonday.Anon-workdayis1andaworkdayis0.Onlycharacters1and0areallowedinthestring.Thestring1111111alwaysreturns0.



Weekenddaysandholidaysarenotconsideredtobeworkdays.

DataTypes


Examples

WORKDAY.INTL(A2,A4)

WORKDAY.INTL(R2C1,R5C5)

WORKDAY.INTL(A1,A2,A5:A7)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

WORKDAY



XIRR

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinternalrateofreturnforascheduleofcashflowsthatmaynotbeperiodic.

Syntax

XIRR(values,dates,guess)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionvalues Seriesofcashflowsthatcorrespondtoascheduleofpaymentsindates.Thefirstpaymentisoptional

andcorrespondstoacostorpaymentthatoccursatthebeginningoftheinvestment

dates Scheduleofpaymentdatesthatcorrespondstothecashflowpaymentsinvalues

guess [Optional]Estimateoftheinternalrateofreturnthatyouguessisclosetotheresultofthisfunction;ifomitted,thecalculationuses0.1(10percent)

Remarks

Forascheduleofcashflowsthatisperiodic,useIRR.Numbersindatesaretruncatedtointegers.Bothapositiveandnegativecashflowarerequiredtopreventa#NUM!error.A#VALUE!errorisreturnedifdatesisinvalid.Ifanumberindatesprecedesthestartingdate,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifvaluesanddatescontainadifferentnumberofvalues,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthefunctioncannotfindaresultthatworksafter100tries,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforvaluesandguess,DateTimeobjectdatafordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

XIRR(B2:B6,C2:C6,0.2)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IRR|XNPV|MIRR|FinancialFunctions



XNPV

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenetpresentvalueforascheduleofcashflowsthatmaynotbeperiodic.

Syntax

XNPV(rate,values,dates)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionrate Discountratetoapplytothecashflows

values Seriesofcashflowsthatcorrespondtoascheduleofpaymentsindates.Thefirstpaymentisoptionalandcorrespondstoacostorpaymentthatoccursatthebeginningoftheinvestment

dates Scheduleofpaymentdatesthatcorrespondstothecashflowpaymentsinvalues

Remarks

Numbersindatesaretruncatedtointegers.A#VALUE!errorisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumericorifanydateisinvalid.Ifanumberindatesprecedesthestartingdate,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifvaluesanddateshaveadifferentnumberofvalues,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforrateandvalues,andDateTimeobjectdatafordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

XNPV(0.09,B2:B6,C2:C6)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

IRR|NPV|MIRR|XIRR|FinancialFunctions



XOR

ThisfunctionreturnslogicalexclusiveORofspecifiednumbers.

Syntax

XOR(value1,value2,..)

Arguments

Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,providenumeric(0or1)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)upto255arguments.

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUE(or1)whennumberoftrueinputsisodd;otherwise,returnsFALSE(or0)whennumberoftrueinputsiseven.

DataTypes


Examples

XOR(3>0,2<9)givestheresultTRUE

VersionAvailable




YEAR

Thisfunctionreturnstheyearasanintegerforaspecifieddate.

Syntax

YEAR(date)

Arguments


Remarks

TheSpreadcontrolcorrectlytreatstheyear1900asanon-leapyearandusesabasedateof12/31/1899.

DataTypes


Examples

YEAR(A2)

YEAR(R2C1)

YEAR(0.007) gives the result (which may be different from Excel) 1899

YEAR(DATE(2004,8,9)) gives the result 2004

YEAR(38208) gives the result 2004

YEAR("8/9/2004") gives the result 2004

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DATE|MONTH|TODAY|YEARFRAC|DateandTimeFunctions



YEARFRAC

Thisfunctionreturnsthefractionoftheyearrepresentedbythenumberofwholedaysbetweenthestartandenddates.

Syntax

YEARFRAC(startdate,enddate,basis)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate(DateTimeobject)

enddate Endingdate(DateTimeobject)


Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenstart,end,orbasisisinvalid.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobjectdataforthedateargumentsandnumericdatafortheoptionalargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

YEARFRAC(A1,A2,A3)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

DATE|MONTH|TODAY|YEAR|DateandTimeFunctions



YIELD

Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldonasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.

Syntax

YIELD(settle,maturity,rate,price,redeem,frequency,basis)

Arguments




rate Annualcouponrate

price Priceper$100facevalueforthesecurity

redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalue



Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.A#NUM!errorisreturnediffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Ifrateislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifpriceorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.

DataTypes


Examples

YIELD(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

YIELDDISC|YIELDMAT|ODDFYIELD|FinancialFunctions



YIELDDISC

Thisfunctioncalculatestheannualyieldforadiscountedsecurity.

Syntax

YIELDDISC(settle,maturity,price,redeem,basis)

Arguments





redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalue


Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.Ifpriceorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.

DataTypes


Examples

YIEDDISC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

YIELD|YIELDMAT|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions



YIELDMAT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheannualyieldofasecuritythatpaysinterestatmaturity.

Syntax

YIELDMAT(settle,maturity,issue,issrate,price,basis)

Arguments





issrate Interestrateforthesecurityatthedateofissue



Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orissueisinvalid.Ifissrateislessthan0orpriceislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,issue,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericanddatedata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

YIELDMAT(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6)

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

YIELD|YIELDDISC|PRICEMAT|FinancialFunctions



Z.TEST

Thisfunctionreturnsthesignificancevalueofaz-test.Thez-testgeneratesastandardscoreforxwithrespecttothesetofdataandreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

Syntax

Z.TEST(array,x,sigma)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatatotest

x Valueatwhichtotest

sigma [Optional]Knownstandarddeviationforthepopulation;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthesamplestandarddeviation

Remarks

Ifsigmaisnotspecified,thecalculatedstandarddeviationofthedatainarrayisused.

Theequationforcalculatingthez-testisasfollows,wherenisthenumberofdatapoints.

DataTypes


Examples

Z.TEST(A2:D12,40,0.877)

Z.TEST(R2C1:R12C4,2)

Z.TEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10)givestheresult0.355512703503418

Z.TEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10,3)givestheresult0.31867594409823696

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

ZTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions



ZTEST

Thisfunctionreturnsthesignificancevalueofaz-test.Thez-testgeneratesastandardscoreforxwithrespecttothesetofdataandreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

Syntax

ZTEST(array,x,sigma)

Arguments


Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatatotest

x Valueatwhichtotest

sigma [Optional]Knownstandarddeviationforthepopulation;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthesamplestandarddeviation

Remarks

Ifsigmaisnotspecified,thecalculatedstandarddeviationofthedatainarrayisused.

Theequationforcalculatingthez-testisasfollows,wherenisthenumberofdatapoints.

DataTypes


Examples

ZTEST(A2:D12,40,0.877)

ZTEST(R2C1:R12C4,2)

ZTEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10) gives the result 0.355512703503418

ZTEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10,3) gives the result 0.318675944098237

VersionAvailable


SeeAlso

FTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions



2 Index

A1(Letter-Number)Notation,26

ABS,66

ACCRINT,67

ACCRINTM,68

ACOS,69

ACOSH,70

ACOT,71

ACOTH,72

addingvalues,501

ADDRESS,73

AGGREGATE,74-75

AMORDEGRC,76-77

AMORLINC,78

AND,79

ARABIC,80

AREAS,81

arguments,51

ArrayFormulas,54

ArraysinaFormula,55

ASC,82

ASIN,83

ASINH,84

ATAN,85

ATAN2,86

ATANH,87

AVEDEV,88

AVERAGE,89

AVERAGEA,90

AVERAGEIF,91

AVERAGEIFfunction,91

AVERAGEIFS,92

AVERAGEIFSfunction,92

BAHTTEXT,93

BASE,94

BESSELI,95

BESSELJ,96

BESSELK,97

BESSELY,98

BETA.DIST,99

BETA.INV,100

BETADIST,101



BETAINV,102

BIN2DEC,103

BIN2HEX,104

BIN2OCT,105

BINOM.DIST,106-107

BINOM.DIST.RANGE,108

BINOM.INV,109

BINOMDIST,110-111

BITAND,112

BITLSHIFT,113

BITOR,114

BITRSHIFT,115

BITXOR,116

CALL,117

CategoriesofFunctions,36

CEILING,118

CEILING.MATH,119

CEILING.PRECISE,120

CELL,121-122

CellReferencesinaFormula,25

CHAR,123

CHIDIST,124

CHIINV,125

CHISQ.DIST,126

CHISQ.DIST.RT,127

CHISQ.INV,128

CHISQ.INV.RT,129

CHISQ.TEST,130

CHITEST,131

CHOOSE,132

CLEAN,133

CODE,134

COLUMN,135

COLUMNS,136

COMBIN,137

COMBINA,138

COMPLEX,139

ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions,40

CONCAT,140

CONCATENATE,141

CONFIDENCE,142

CONFIDENCE.NORM,143

CONFIDENCE.T,144



ContactingUs,20

CONVERT,145-147

CORREL,148

COS,149

COSH,150

COT,151

COTH,152

COUNT,153

COUNTA,154

COUNTBLANK,155

COUNTIF,156

COUNTIFS,157

COUNTIFSfunction,157

COUPDAYBS,158

COUPDAYS,159

COUPDAYSNC,160

COUPNCD,161

COUPNUM,162

COUPPCD,163

COVAR,164

COVARIANCE.P,165

COVARIANCE.S,166

CRITBINOM,167

CSC,168

CSCH,169

CustomFunctions,58

CustomFunctionsinFormulas,58

CustomNamesinFormulas,59

DataTypesUsingFormulas,57

database,37

DatabaseFunctions,37

date,38,171

DateandTimeFunctions,38

DATEDIF,172

DATEVALUE,173

DAVERAGE,174

DAY,175

DayCountBasis,42

DAYS,176

DAYS360,177-178

DB,179-180

DBCS,181

DCOUNT,182



DCOUNTA,183

DDB,184

DEC2BIN,185

DEC2HEX,186

DEC2OCT,187

DECIMAL,188

DEGREES,189

DELTA,190

DEVSQ,191

DGET,192

DISC,193

DMAX,194

DMIN,195

DOLLAR,196

DOLLARDE,197

DOLLARFR,198

DPRODUCT,199

DSTDEV,200

DSTDEVP,201

DSUM,202

DURATION,203

DVAR,204

DVARP,205

DynamicArrayFormulas,56

EDATE,206

EFFECT,207

ENCODEURL,208

engineering,39

EngineeringFunctions,39

EOMONTH,209

ERF,210-211

ERF.PRECISE,212

ERFC,213

ERFC.PRECISE,214

ERROR.TYPE,215

ERRORTYPE,216

EUROCONVERT,217-218

EVEN,219

EXACT,220

EXP,221

EXPON.DIST,222-223

EXPONDIST,224-225

F.DIST,226



F.DIST.RT,227

F.INV,228

F.INV.RT,229

F.TEST,230

FACT,231

FACTDOUBLE,232

FALSE,233

FDIST,234

FILTER,235-236

FILTERXML,237

financial,41

FinancialFunctions,41

FIND,238

FINDB,239

FINV,240

FISHER,241

FISHERINV,242

FIXED,243

FLOOR,244

FLOOR.MATH,245

FLOOR.PRECISE,246

FORECAST,247

FORECAST.LINEAR,248

FormulaFunctions,61-64

FormulaOverview,22

FormulaReference,1

formulas

array,54

FORMULATEXT,249

FREQUENCY,250

FTEST,251

FunctionsAtoC,65

FunctionsDtoG,170

FunctionsHtoL,266

FunctionsinaFormula,35

FunctionsMtoQ,349

FunctionsRtoS,437

FunctionsTtoZ,509

FV,252

FVSCHEDULE,253

GAMMA,254

GAMMA.DIST,255

GAMMA.INV,256



GAMMADIST,257

GAMMAINV,258

GAMMALN,259

GAMMALN.PRECISE,260

GAUSS,261

GCD,262

GEOMEAN,263

GESTEP,264

GettingTechnicalSupport,21

GROWTH,265

HARMEAN,267

HEX2BIN,268

HEX2DEC,269

HEX2OCT,270

HLOOKUP,271

HOUR,272

HYPERLINK,273

HYPGEOM.DIST,274

HYPGEOMDIST,275

IF,276

IFERROR,277

IFERRORfunction,277

IFNA,278

IFS,279

IMABS,280

IMAGINARY,281

IMARGUMENT,282

IMCONJUGATE,283

IMCOS,284

IMCOSH,285

IMCOT,286

IMCSC,287

IMCSCH,288

IMDIV,289

IMEXP,290

IMLN,291

IMLOG10,292

IMLOG2,293

IMPOWER,294

IMPRODUCT,295

IMREAL,296

IMSEC,297

IMSECH,298



IMSIN,299

IMSINH,300

IMSQRT,301

IMSUB,302

IMSUM,303

IMTAN,304

INDEX,305

INDIRECT,306

INFO,307

information,43

InformationFunctions,43

INT,308

INTERCEPT,309

INTRATE,310

IPMT,311

IRR,312-313

ISBLANK,314

ISERR,315

ISERROR,316

ISEVEN,317

ISFORMULA,318

ISLOGICAL,319

ISNA,320

ISNONTEXT,321

ISNUMBER,322

ISO.CEILING,323

ISODD,324

ISOWEEKNUM,325

ISPMT,326

ISREF,327

ISTEXT,328

JIS,329

KURT,330

LARGE,331

LCM,332

LEFT,333

LEFTB,334

LEN,335

LENB,336

LINEST,337

LN,338

LOG,339

LOG10,340



LOGEST,341

logical,44

LogicalFunctions,44

LOGINV,342

LOGNORM.DIST,343

LOGNORM.INV,344

LOGNORMDIST,345

lookup,45,346-347,350

LookupFunctions,45

LOWER,348

MATCH,350

MATCHfunction,350

math,46

MathandTrigonometryFunctions,46

MAX,351

MAXA,352

MAXIFS,353

MDETERM,354

MDURATION,355

MEDIAN,356

MID,357

MIDB,358

MIN,359

MINA,360

MINIFS,361

MINUTE,362

MINVERSE,363

MIRR,364

MissingArguments,52

MMULT,365

MOD,366

MODE,367

MODE.MULT,368

MODE.SNGL,369

MONTH,370

MROUND,371

MULTINOMIAL,372

MUNIT,373

N,374

NA,375

NEGBINOM.DIST,376

NEGBINOMDIST,377

NETWORKDAYS,378



NETWORKDAYS.INTL,379-380

NOMINAL,381

NORM.DIST,382

NORM.INV,383

NORM.S.DIST,384

NORM.S.INV,385

NORMDIST,386

NORMINV,387

NORMSDIST,388

NORMSINV,389

NOT,390

NOW,391

NPER,392

NPV,393-394

NUMBERVALUE,395

OCT2BIN,396

OCT2DEC,397

OCT2HEX,398

ODD,399

ODDFPRICE,400

ODDFYIELD,401

ODDLPRICE,402

ODDLYIELD,403

OFFSET,404

operators,32

OperatorsinaFormula,32

OptionalArguments,51

OR,405

OrderofPrecedence,33

PDURATION,406

PEARSON,407

PERCENTILE,408

PERCENTILE.EXC,409

PERCENTILE.EXE,409

PERCENTILE.INC,410

PERCENTRANK,411

PERCENTRANK.EXC,412

PERCENTRANK.INC,413

PERMUT,414

PERMUTATIONA,415

PHI,416

PHONETIC,417

PI,418



PMT,419

POISSON,420-421

POISSON.DIST,422-423

POWER,424

PPMT,425

PRICE,426

PRICEDISC,427

PRICEMAT,428

PROB,429

PRODUCT,430

PROPER,431

PV,432

QUARTILE,433

QUARTILE.EXC,434

QUARTILE.INC,435

QUOTIENT,436

R1C1(Number-Number)Notation,27

RADIANS,438

RAND,439

RANDARRAY,440-441

RANDBETWEEN,442

RANK,443

RANK.AVG,444

RANK.EQ,445

RATE,446

RECEIVED,447

references,29,30-31

RelativeandAbsolute,28

REPLACE,448

REPLACEB,449

REPT,450

ResultantErrorValues,60

RIGHT,451

RIGHTB,452

ROMAN,453

ROUND,454

ROUNDDOWN,455

ROUNDUP,456

ROW,457

ROWS,458

RRI,459

RSQ,460

RTD,461



SampleFormula,24

ScopeofCellReferences,29

SEARCH,462

SEARCHB,463

SEC,464

SECH,465

SECOND,466

SECONDfunction,466

SEQUENCE,468

SERIESSUM,467

SHEET,469

SheetReferencesinaFormula,30-31

SHEETS,470

SIGN,471

SIN,472

SINGLE,474

SINH,473

SKEW,475

SKEW.P,476

SLN,477

SLOPE,478

SMALL,479

SORT,480-482

SORTBY,483-484

SQRT,485

SQRTPI,486

STANDARDIZE,487

statistical,47-48

StatisticalFunctions,47-48

STDEV,488

STDEV.P,489

STDEV.S,490

STDEVA,491

STDEVP,492

STDEVPA,493

STEYX,494

SUBSTITUE,495

SUBSTITUTE,495

SUBTOTAL,496-497

SUM,498-499

SUMIF,500

SUMIFS,501

SUMIFSfunction,501



SUMPRODUCT,502

SUMSQ,503

SUMX2MY2,504

SUMX2PY2,505

SUMXMY2,506

support,21

SWITCH,507

SYD,508

T,510

T.DIST,511

T.DIST.2T,512

T.DIST.RT,513

T.INV,514

T.INV.2T,515

T.TEST,516

TAN,517

TANH,518

TBILLEQ,519

TBILLPRICE,520

TBILLYIELD,521

TDIST,522

text,49,523

TEXTfunction,523

TextFunctions,49

TEXTJOIN,524

time,38,525

TIMEVALUE,526

TINV,527

TODAY,528

TRANSPOSE,529

TREND,530

trigonometry,46

TRIM,531

TRIMMEAN,532

TRUE,533

TRUNC,534

TTEST,535

TYPE,536

TypesofFunctions,36

UNICHAR,537

UNICODE,538

UNIQUE,539-540

UPPER,541



USDOLLAR,542

UsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes,34

VALUE,543

VAR,544-545

VAR.P,546

VAR.S,547

VARA,548-549

VARP,550

VARPA,551-552

VDB,553

VLOOKUP,554

volatile,53

VolatileFunctions,53

WebFunctions,50

WEBSERVICE,555

WEEKDAY,556

WEEKNUM,557

WEIBULL,558

WEIBULL.DIST,559

WhatisaFormula?,23

WORKDAY,560

WORKDAY.INTL,561-562

XIRR,563

XNPV,564

XOR,565

YEAR,566

YEARFRAC,567

YIELD,568

YIELDDISC,569

YIELDMAT,570

Z.TEST,571

ZTEST,572



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