spring 2011 composite data products: national fcev learning demonstration
DESCRIPTION
Spring 2011 Composite Data Products: National FCEV Learning Demonstration. March 29, 2011 Keith Wipke, Sam Sprik, Jennifer Kurtz, Todd Ramsden. CDP#9: Safety Reports – Vehicles. CDP#18: Refueling Rates. CDP#22: Vehicle Operating Hours. CDP#23: Vehicles vs. Miles Traveled. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1 Innovation for Our Energy Future
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of EnergyEfficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308
National FCEV Learning Demonstration
Spring 2011 Composite Data Products
Keith Wipke, Sam Sprik, Jennifer Kurtz, Todd RamsdenNational Renewable Energy Laboratory
Technical ReportNREL/TP-5600-51564April 2011
NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.
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Cover Photos: (left to right) PIX 16416, PIX 17423, PIX 16560, PIX 17613, PIX 17436, PIX 17721
Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste.
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Spring 2011 Composite Data Products: National FCEV Learning Demonstration
March 29, 2011
Keith Wipke, Sam Sprik, Jennifer Kurtz, Todd Ramsden
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4 Innovation for Our Energy Future
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Safety Reports - Vehicle Operation
Tank Scratch
Traffic Accident
H2 Leak - During Fueling
H2 Alarm - Fuel System
H2 Alarm - Passenger Compartment
Created: Feb-18-11 2:32 PMNREL cdp_fcev_09
Created: Feb-18-11 2:32 PMNREL cdp_fcev_09
CDP#9: Safety Reports – Vehicles
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#18: Refueling Rates
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Avg Fuel Rate (kg/min)
Nu
mb
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uel
ing
Eve
nts
Histogram of Fueling RatesVehicle and Infrastructure
5 kg in 5 minutes
5 kg in3 minutes
25464 EventsAverage = 0.77 kg/min
23% >1 kg/min
2766 EventsAverage = 0.63 kg/min
2% >1 kg/min
2006 MYPP Tech Val Milestone 2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone Through 2009Q4 After 2009Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_18
Created: Feb-09-11 1:41 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 6 Innovation for Our Energy Future
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Total Vehicle Hours
Vehicle Hours: All OEMs, Gen 1 and Gen 2
In Service
Retired (1)
131,139Total Vehicle Hours =
Through 2010 Q4
Created: Mar-10-11 03:45 PM(1) Retired vehicles have left DOE fleet and are no longer providing data to NREL
Some project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009
NREL cdp_fcev_22
CDP#22: Vehicle Operating Hours
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 7 Innovation for Our Energy Future
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Veh
icle
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Total Vehicle Miles
Vehicle Miles: All OEMs, Gen 1 and 2
In Service
Retired (1)
Total Vehicle Miles Traveled = 3,071,944
Through 2010 Q4
Created: Mar-10-11 03:45 PM
NREL cdp_fcev_23 (1) Retired vehicles have lef t DOE f leet and are no longer providing data to NRELSome project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009
CDP#23: Vehicles vs. Miles Traveled
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 8 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#24: Cumulative Vehicle Miles Traveled
3,071,944
-250,000 500,000 750,000
1,000,000 1,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 2,000,000 2,250,000 2,500,000 2,750,000 3,000,000 3,250,000
Ve
hic
le M
iles
Tra
ve
led
Cumulative Vehicle Miles: All OEMs, Gen 1 and Gen 2
Created: Mar-18-11 11:41 AM
Through 2010 Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_24
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 9 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#25: Vehicle H2 Storage Technologies
4
83
45
23
-
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Cu
mu
lati
ve V
ehic
les
Dep
loye
d/R
etir
ed1
Vehicle Deployment by On-Board Hydrogen Storage Type
700 bar on-road350 bar on-roadLiquid H2 on-road700 bar retired350 bar retiredLiquid H2 retired
(1) Retired vehicles have left DOE fleet and are no longer providing data to NREL(2) Two project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009Created Mar-10-11 3:37 PM
155
NREL cdp_fcev_25
(2)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 10 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#26: Cumulative H2 Produced or Dispensed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Mas
s o
f H
ydro
gen
(1
000
kg)
Calendar Quarter
Cumulative Hydrogen Produced or Dispensed Through 2010 Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_26
Created Mar-10-11 4:34 PM
*
*Some project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009
140,000 kg of hydrogen produced or dispensed since project inception
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 11 Innovation for Our Energy Future
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Sta
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Reporting Period
Cumulative Stations
Continuing Outside of Project
Retired Stations
Current Project Stations
NREL cdp_fcev_31
Created Mar-14-11 9:52 AM
CDP#31: Number of Online Stations
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 12 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#32: Infrastructure Hydrogen Production Methods
0
1
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11
Delivered Compressed H2
Natural Gas On-Site Reforming
On-Site Electrolysis Delivered Liquid H2
# o
f S
tati
on
s
Station Type
Learning Demonstration Hydrogen Stations By Type
Operating Outside of Project
Operating Within Project
Historical 2005-2009
NREL cdp_fcev_32Created Mar-10-11 4:18 PM
*
*Some project teams concluded Fall/Winter 2009. Markers show the cumulative stations operated during the 2005-2009 period
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 13 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#36: Type of Infrastructure Safety Report By Quarter
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Type of Infrastructure Safety Reports by Quarter Through 2010 Q4
05Q2
05Q3
05Q4
06Q1
06Q2
06Q3
06Q4
07Q1
07Q2
07Q3
07Q4
08Q1
08Q2
08Q3
08Q4
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
IncidentNear MissNon-EventAvg # Reports/Station
NREL cdp_fcev_36Created: Mar-14-11 11:18 AM
Reporting PeriodAn INCIDENT is an event that results in: - a lost time accident and/or injury to personnel - damage/unplanned downtime for project equipment, facilities or property - impact to the public or environment - any hydrogen release that unintentionally ignites or is sufficient to sustain a flame if ignited - release of any volatile, hydrogen containing compound (other than the hydrocarbons used as common fuels)A NEAR-MISS is: - an event that under slightly different circumstances could have become an incident - unplanned H2 release insufficient to sustain a flame
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 14 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#38: Refueling Times
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Time (min)
Nu
mb
er o
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uel
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Eve
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Histogram of Fueling TimesVehicle and Infrastructure
Average = 3.26 min86% <5 min
Average = 4.39 min74% <5 min
2006 MYPP Tech Val Milestone (5 kg in 5 min) 2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone (5 kg in 3 min) Through 2009Q4 After 2009Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_38
Created: Feb-09-11 1:42 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#39: Refueling Amounts
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Amount Fueled (kg)
Nu
mb
er o
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uel
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Eve
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Histogram of Fueling AmountsVehicle and Infrastructure
Average = 2.13 kg
Average = 2.62 kg
Through 2009Q4 After 2009Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_39
Created: Feb-09-11 1:43 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 16 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#40: H2 Tank Level at Refueling
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4
Tank Levels: DOE Fleet
14%
FE
13%
NREL cdp_fcev_40
1. Some refueling events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.
2. The outer arc is set at 20% total refuelings.
3. If tank level at fill was not available, a complete fill up was assumed.
Median Tank Level (At Fill) = 42% Total refuelings1 = 27113
Created: Feb-24-11 3:21 PM
Total refuelings1 = 4205Median Tank Level (At Fill) = 50%
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 17 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#42: Refueling by Time of Day
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4
Refueling by Time of Day
9%
3
12
9
6
Total Fill3 Events = 22657% of fills b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 89.7%
1. Fills between 6 AM & 6 PM
2. The outer arc is set at 12 % total Fill.
3. Some events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.
AM PM
9%
NREL cdp_fcev_42
Created: Feb-24-11 3:23 PM
Total Fill3 Events = 4216% of fills b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 84.6%
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 18 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#43: Refueling by Day of Week
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat0
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25Refueling by Day of Week
% o
f F
ills
in a
Day
Day
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_43
Created: Feb-24-11 3:23 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 19 Innovation for Our Energy Future
Driving by Time of Day
9%
3
12
9
6
Total Driving3 Events = 295222% of driving trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 85.3%
1. Driving trips between 6 AM & 6 PM
2. The outer arc is set at 12 % total Driving.
3. Some events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.
AM PM
8%
% of NHTS trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 81.5%
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4NHTS
NREL cdp_fcev_44
Created: Feb-09-11 4:26 PM
Total Drive3 Events = 18213% of driving trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 78.2%
2001 NHTS Data Includes Car, Truck, Van, & SUV day trips ASCII.csv Source: http://nhts.ornl.gov/download.shtml#2001
CDP#44: Driving Start Time – Day
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 20 Innovation for Our Energy Future
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat0
5
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25Driving by Day of Week
% o
f T
rip
s in
a D
ay
Day
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4NHTS
NREL cdp_fcev_45
Created: Feb-09-11 4:26 PM
2001 NHTS Data Includes Car, Truck, Van, & SUV day tripsASCII.csv Source: http://nhts.ornl.gov/download.shtml#2001
CDP#45: Driving by Day of Week
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 21 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#80: Miles Between Refuelings
0 50 100 150 200 250 3000
5
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Per
cen
tag
e o
f R
efu
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Distance between refuelings [Miles]2
Distance Driven Between Refuelings: All OEMs
Gen1Gen2After 2009Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_80
1. Some refueling events are not detected/reported due to data noise or incompleteness.
2. Distance driven between refuelings is indicative of driver behavior and does not represent the full range of the vehicle.
Gen1
Refuelings1 = 18941 Median distance between refuelings = 56 Miles Gen2
Refuelings1 = 6870 Median distance between refuelings = 81 Miles
Created: Feb-24-11 3:25 PM
Refuelings after 2009Q41 = 4196 Median distance between refuelings = 94 Miles
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 22 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#81: Average Trip Speed
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450
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Tri
p F
req
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%]
Average Trip Speed [mph]
Histogram of Average Trip Speed
179,424 trips
1) Excludes trips <= 1 mile (40.9%)
18,188 trips
Average trip speed of 25.9 mph
1) Excludes trips <= 1 mile (21.0%)2) 2001 NHTS data includes Car, Truck, Van & SUV day trips
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4
NHTS Data2
NHTS Avg Speed
NREL cdp_fcev_81
Average trip speed of 23.2 mph
Created: Mar-21-11 4:12 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 23 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#82: Daily FC Operation Hours in Automotive Application
0 1 2 3 40
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40
60
80
Hours of Operation Per Day
Day
s o
f O
per
atio
n [
%]
Fuel Cell System Operation Hours Per Day
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4
0 1 2 3 40
20
40
60
80
Average Hours of Operation Per Day
Fu
el C
ell S
yste
ms
[%]
Average Daily Fuel Cell System Operation Hours
9.9% Fuel Cell Systems Average > 30 mins Daily
21.3% Fuel Cell Systems Average > 30 mins Daily
Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4
NREL cdp_fcev_82
Created: Mar-18-11 2:44 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 24 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#83: Hydrogen Dispensed by Day of Week
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat0
2
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12
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Dis
pen
sed
Hyd
rog
en [
% o
f to
tal]
Day of Week
Dispensed Hydrogen per Day of Week
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Ave
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All StationsIndividual Stations
NREL cdp_fcev_83Created: Mar-22-11 5:43 PM
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 25 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#84: Effect of Average Trip Speed on Fuel Economy
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 550
0.2
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0.6
0.8
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1.2
Effect of Average Trip Speed on Fuel Economy
1 Fu
el E
con
om
y [n
orm
aliz
ed]
Avg Trip Speed [miles/hour]
Average of Fleet Medians25th to 75th Percentile
NREL cdp_fcev_84Created: Mar-18-11 11:46 AM
(1) Data after 2009Q4. The data has been normalized to the max of the median curve for each fleet. Data binned every 5 mph for calculating median and percentiles.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 26 Innovation for Our Energy Future
CDP#85: Effect of Trip Length on Fuel Economy
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Effect of Average Trip Length on Fuel Economy
1 Fu
el E
con
om
y [n
orm
aliz
ed]
Trip Length [miles]
Average of Fleet Medians25th to 75th Percentile
NREL cdp_fcev_85Created: Mar-18-11 11:46 AM
(1) Data after 2009Q4. The data has been normalized to the max of the median curve for each fleet. Data binned every 5 miles for calculating median and percentiles.