SPSS &Surfer Tutorial

Dr.rer.nat. Thomas Putranto

EDA using SPSS

Open your file data.xlxs and copy your data in SPSS data

Check your Variable View change type to numeric

EDA using SPSS SCATTER PLOT for checking stationary

EDA using SPSS

NORMALITY TEST

NORMALITY TEST

HISTOGRAM

Normal Q-Q Plot

BOX PLOT

Give your files meaningful names! E.g. dataset_01_invdist_pow2_20140826.grd Use a well organized folder structure Dont mess up different file categories: raw data (.xls,.dat,), Surfer files (.grd), cross

validation result files (.dat), krige standard deviation files (.grd), Do not change file extensions!

General procedure Check data consistency and plausability! Make a scatter plot (e.g. in Excel or in Surfer as post map) Check data point distribution (spatial and statistical) Decide which interpolation methods could be appropiate Do a variogram analysis (even if you dont plan to use Kriging) Interpolate (simple or Kriging) and visualize Cross-validation / Krige standard deviation and discussion of results

Surfer-Basics

Interpolation start and choose data file Interpolation via

Grid-> Data

Data selection (e.g. Excel file) Check Data column assignment

Interpolation General options

Choose an interpolation method

-> simple methods like Inverse Distance, Minimum Curvature, Radial Basis Function etc. -> Kriging

Variation of parameters in Advanced Options

Interpolation breaklines and faults

Definition of faults and breaklines -> not possible for all interpolation methods

File Containing Fault Traces -> File in .bln format (see Surfer reference) Press OK

Menu Cross Validate Choose name and location of save file (.dat) - Meaningful file name! Containing e.g. XV

Press OK Cross-validation will be conducted (can take a while)

Interpolation - Cross-validation (leave one out) Important: choose interpolation method and respective options

(Advanced Options) first, before starting cross-validation!

Interpolation finish interpolation Creation of the grid file Choose filename and location for interpolated grid file (meaningful filename!) Choose Grid Line Geometry (grid resolution, grid extent) Start interpolation (Press OK)

Create map for cross validation results

Visualize XV residuals as class map -> Map -> New -> (Classed) Post Map

Properties Be sure to choose the right

column! (residuals in xv (.dat) result file you saved in the Cross validate sub menu)

Number of classes Choose a Binning Method or better user defined:

define symmetric classes according to your data range

Grid data choose data click cross validate choose a storage location save as .dat

Copy the data into an excel sheet calculate the last column

Calculate RMS from cross validation results

Geostatistics Experimental semi-variogram

Experimental semi-variogram -> Grid -> Variogram -> New Variogram -> Choose data set (e.g. Excel table) -> OK

Geostatistics Fitting of the math. model

Fitting of a math. Model to the experimental semi-variogram

-> Variogram Properties (right click) -> Model -> Add/remove component

Geostatistics Fitting of the math. model

Fitting of the selected model -> Select Variogram Component -> Change parameters scale und length -> Click Apply to see changes directly in the semi-variogram

Geostatistics Anisotropy

Check data set for anisotropy Go to tab Experimental Change Tolerance (e.g. 40) note angle shown in blue color change Direction by clicking Step CW/Step CCW see changes in variogram directly

General settings Max lag distance / Number of lags Change scale vertically to avoid

flipping of axis scale

Geostatistics Kriging Kriging Interpolation (after finishing semi-variogram fitting) Grid -> Data Gridding Method: Kriging Advanced Options

Geostatistics Kriging

Choose variogram model Manual input of variogram model settings (Add, choose type and parameters) Better: choose existing variogram Get variogram and select one contained in Surfer

project (note: if you have multiple variograms in your project, name them on the left side of program window)

Geostatistics Kriging Krige standard deviation Output Grid of Kriging Standard Deviations Choose folder and file name (this is only the Krige standard deviation output file in .grd

format, so better put that information in the filename!)

Visualization

Different possibilities -> Map -> New e.g. Contour Map or 3D Wireframe

Visualization

Properties e.g. filled contours Properties -> Levels -> click on Fill Change labeling properties

Visualization

Stacking of maps On the object manager e.g. drag the contour-map into the 3D-

model section

Stacking of 3D wireframe, contour map and post Map

SPSS &Surfer TutorialEDA using SPSSEDA using SPSSEDA using SPSSNORMALITY TESTNORMALITY TESTHISTOGRAMNormal Q-Q PlotBOX PLOTSurfer-BasicsInterpolation start and choose data fileInterpolation General optionsInterpolation breaklines and faultsInterpolation - Cross-validation (leave one out)Interpolation finish interpolationCreate map for cross validation resultsCalculate RMS from cross validation resultsGeostatistics Experimental semi-variogramGeostatistics Fitting of the math. modelGeostatistics Fitting of the math. modelGeostatistics AnisotropyGeostatistics KrigingGeostatistics KrigingGeostatistics KrigingVisualizationVisualizationVisualization