Statistika

Referensi :

Installer SPSS v 16.0

Reading Data

Data can be entered directly, or it can be imported from a number of different sources. The processes for reading data stored in SPSS-format data files; spreadsheet applications, such as Microsoft Excel; database applications, such as Microsoft Access; and text files are all discussed in this chapter.

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Basic Structure of an SPSS-format Data File

SPSS-format data files are organized by cases (rows) and variables (columns).

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Reading an SPSS-format Data File

SPSS-format data files, which have a .sav file extension, contain your saved data.

From the menus choose: File    Open      Data...

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Reading Data from Spreadsheets

Rather than typing all of your data directly into the Data Editor, you can read data from applications such as Microsoft Excel.

From the menus choose: File    Open      Data...

Select Excel (*.xls) as the file type you want to view.

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Reading Data from Spreadsheets

Make sure that Read variable names from the first row of data is selected. This option reads column headings as variable names.

Since variable names can't contain spaces, the spaces from the original column headings have been removed. For example, Marital status in the Excel file becomes the variable Maritalstatus. The original column heading is retained as a variable label.

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Entering Numeric Data In the first row of the first

column, type age. In the second row, type

marital. In the third row, type income.Or you can copy-paste from

anywhereClick the Data View tab to

continue entering the data.

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Entering String Data

Click the Variable View tab at the bottom of the Data Editor window.

Click the Type cell next to your entry.

Click the button on the right side of the Type cell to open the Variable Type dialog box. 8

Select String to specify the variable type

Click OK to save your selection and return to the Data Editor.

Entering String Data

Click the Variable View tab at the bottom of the Data Editor window.

Click the Type cell next to your entry.

Click the button on the right side of the Type cell to open the Variable Type dialog box. 9

Select String to specify the variable type

Click OK to save your selection and return to the Data Editor.

Adding Value Labels for Numeric Variables

Value labels provide a method for mapping your variable values to a string label. In this example, there are two acceptable values for the marital variable.

E.g A value of 0 means that the subject is single, and a value of 1 means that he or she is married.

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Click the Values cell for the marital row, and then click the button on the right side of the cell to open the Value Labels dialog

The value is the actual numeric value.

The value label is the string label that is applied to the specified numeric value.

Adding Value Labels for Numeric VariablesType 0 in the Value field.Type Single in the Label field.Click Add to add this label to

the list.Type 1 in the Value field, and

type Married in the Label field.Click Add, and then click OK to

save your changes and return to the Data Editor.

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Adding Value Labels for String VariablesClick the Values cell row, and

then click the button on the right side of the cell to open the Value Labels dialog box.

Type F in the Value field, and then type Female in the Label field.

Click Add to add this label to your data file.

Type M in the Value field, and type Male in the Label field.

Click Add, and then click OK to save your changes and return to the Data Editor.

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Adding Value Labels for String Variables

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