srishti chadha ppt

7/29/2019 Srishti Chadha Ppt

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AN UNDERSTANDING OFDEPRESSION,MANIA AND

SCHIZOPHRENIA

Mental Illness


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What is a mental illness?

It is when someone lacks the ability to

manage day to day events and/orcontrol their behavior so that basicphysical and emotional needs are

threatened or unmet.


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Mental illness is not the result of a personalweakness, lack of character, or poor

upbringing.

These disorders can affect persons of anyThese disorders can affect persons of any

age, race, sex, religion, or income.age, race, sex, religion, or income.


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Why should I care?

Because understanding of mental health issuesbrings awareness to the community and oursurrounding environment.

We will become a society that is accepting of others

who do not fit our idea of a perfect population.


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What is mental illness like?

Mental illness is aphysical condition justlike asthma or arthritis.

But still society believesthat a person who ismentally ill needs toshow more willpower -

to be able to pullthemselves out it.


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..It is also like telling aperson who has anamputated leg to runacross the room.

But a person who has mental health issueBut a person who has mental health issuehas a broken brain.has a broken brain.


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Myths of Mental Illness

Mental illness is caused by bad parenting.

Fact: Most diagnosed individuals come fromsupportive homes.

The mentally ill are violent and dangerous.

Fact: Most are victims of violence.

People with a mental disorder are not smart.

Fact: Numerous studies have shown that manyhave average or above average intelligence.


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Mental Illnesses in our Community

Depression

ManiaSchizophrenia


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Depression


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What is Depression?

Depression is a medical issue that causes a personsmood to be down or fed up.

Depression is the most common mood disorder,affecting approximately 20 million people each year.


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Signs and Symptoms of Depression

Persistent sad, anxious orempty mood

Sleeping too much or toolittle; odd time of waking

Reduced or increasedappetite which results inweight gain or loss.

Irritability or restlessness

Fatigue or loss of energy

Thoughts of death orsuicide, including suicideattempts

Feeling guilty, hopeless orworthless

Difficulty inconcentrating,remembering or makingdecisions


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What factors cause depression?

There is no single cause of depression.

But here are some factors that may contribute to its

development:PsychologicalBiological

Environmental


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Evidence also suggests.

Scientists have also found evidence which makes some peoplewith a genetic predisposition to major depression vulnerableto the disorder. However not everyone with a family historydevelops depression.

Some life event that may trigger episodes of depression: Death of a loved one

Major loss or change

Chronic stress

Alcohol and drug abuse

Heart disease and cancer

Medications


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How does depression work?

The way we respond to situations (with thoughts ofhopelessness, anxiety, anger, etc.) affects the emotions

we feel, which in turn, affects the chemicals that are

released within our body.

And all emotional responses have a chemicalconsequence. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter (body

chemical), is a major contributor in the depressioncycle.


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The Cycle of Depression


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How Can I Help A Person With Depression?

Be sensitive to their feelings, and validate thosefeelings.

Teach emotion-coping skills: Acknowledge and express emotions. Remind the person to challenge irrational thoughts and write them

down in a journal. Teach that for every one negative thought they need to think of two

positive thoughts.

Teach problem-solving skill: Help determine importance of problem while keeping down theirstress and anxiety

Break problem into small chunks Remind the person that it is ok to ask for help


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Mania(bipolar disorder)


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What is Mania?

Mania is part of a condition called bipolardisorder, also known as maniac-depression.

Bipolar disorder usually causes a persons moodto alternate between symptoms of depressionand mania, a heightened energetic state.

This mood disorder affects more than fifteenpercent of the total population.


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Signs and Symptoms of Mania

Increased physical andmental activity & energy

Excessive irritability,

aggressive behaviorDecreased need for sleep;

without experiencingfatigue

Exaggerated optimismand self-confidence

Racing speech andthoughts; flight of ideas

Impulsiveness, poor

judgmentReckless behavior: erratic

driving, sexualindiscretions, spendingsprees

Grandiose delusions


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What Causes Mania?

The neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine, dopamine, andserotonin, have been studied since the 1960s as factors inmania and depression.

For example, during a manic episode, clients with bipolardisorder have a significantly higher Norepinephrine andepinephrine levels than a depressed or euthymic (normalmood) person.


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How Can I Help a Person Who is Manic?

Use a firm and calmapproach whencommunicating:

Remain neutral; avoidpower struggles and

dont cast judgments.

Firmly redirect energyinto more appropriateand constructive

behavior.

Do not yell or soundthreatening, the goal is totry to keep anxiety downin a person who exhibitsmania.


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Schizophrenia


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What is Schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe brain disorder.

It is a disease that makes it difficult for a person to tell thedifference between real and unreal experiences, to thinklogically, to have appropriate emotional responses toothers, aspects of memory and to act appropriately in socialsituations.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identifiedschizophrenia as one of the ten most debilitating diseasesaffecting all human beings.


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Symptoms of Schizophrenia

The severity ofsymptoms varies fromone person to another,

and typicallysymptoms will declineand then reappear.

Symptoms are dividedinto Positive andNegative symptoms.


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Positive Symptoms

Positive symptoms are characterized by abnormal thoughts,perceptions, language and behavior.

Delusions:False beliefs/thoughts win no basis in reality

Hallucinations: Disturbances of sensory perception (hearing, seeing orfeeling things not there)

Disorganized Thinking/Speech: Jumping from topic to topic,responding to questions with unrelated answers or speaking incoherently

Disorganized Behavior:Problems in performing directed daily activities.Catatonic Behavior: Lowered environmental awareness,

unresponsiveness, rigid posture, resistance to movement or instructions andinappropriate postures.


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Negative Symptoms

Negative symptoms are characterized by restrictions inrange and intensity of emotional expression,communication, body language and interest in normalactivities.

Blunted (or flat) Affect: Decreased emotional expressiveness,unresponsive immobile facial appearance, reduced eye contact and bodylanguage.

Alogia: Reduced speech. Responses are detached and speech is not fluid.

Avolition: Lacking motivation, spontaneity, initiative. Sitting for lengthyperiods or ceasing to participate in work or daily activities.Anhedonia: Lacking Pleasure or interest in activities that were once

enjoyable.

Attention Deficit: Difficulty in concentrating


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What Causes Schizophrenia?

There is no one cause to thiscomplex and puzzling illness,but it is believed that somecombination of genetic,

biological (virus, bacteria, oran infection) andenvironmental factors play amajor role.

There is currently no reliableway to predict whether aperson will develop thedisease.

John Nash, a famous

Schizophrenic. His life

story made into a film,

A Beautiful Mind.


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What Occurs in the Brain of Someone with Schizophrenia?

Researchers believe an imbalance ofneurotransmitters may cause the symptoms ofschizophrenia. Two neurotransmitters that have

most been implicated as abnormal inschizophrenia are dopamine and serotonin.

The ability to produce images have helped inidentifying structural and functional differences ina schizophrenic brain versus a normal brain.


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How Can I Help a Person With Schizophrenia

The following guidelines may be useful when talking to aperson whose speech is confused and disorganized.

1. Do not pretend that you understand the persons words or

meaning when you are confused2. Tell the person that you are having difficulty understanding what

they are trying to communicate

3. Place the difficulty of understanding upon yourself Im havingtrouble following what you are saying. not You are not making

any sense.

4. Tell the person what you do understand; reinforce clearcommunication.

5. Keep their anxiety down by: a calm voice and firm direction


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Treatment

With all three of theseillnesses, treatment, with theright combination of

medications and/or therapy,can help stabilize the moodsthat interfere with aproductive life.


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Conclusion

Overall, mental health is anissue that effects everyone.

And hopefully, throughoutthe years, education willcurve the sigma of these

brain disorders so that hate,bias judgment anddiscrimination will be gone.


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Thank You

srishti chadha ppt

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