Relationship Between Stress and Smoking in IndiaGroup 8Ankur Goel Bishal Hetampuria Mohit Madan Poulami Kuila Tulika Bhatnagar Siddhi Agarwal Sumedha Agrawal

OBJECTIVETo determine if there is any relationship between smoking and stress by the means of conducting a social research study.

NULL HYPOTHESISThere exists a direct relationship between smoking and stress.

METHODOLOGY Defining the research problem Questionnaire preparation Conducting the Survey (No of Respondents 88)

Analysis of the collected data:

Univariate Analysis Bivariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis

Cluster Analysis Factor Analysis

Compilation of Findings and Conclusion

UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS

Demographic Profile Of RespondentsAge Distribution

18-23 23-2828 & Above

SEX

#

Answer Response %

1

Male 91 85%

2

Female 16 Total 15% 107 100%

Annual Personal Income (in Lakhs)

Profession

Marital Status# Answer Response 1 Married 7 2 Unmarried 100 Total 93% 107 100% 7% %

Bivariate Analysis (Case 1)

Null Hypothesis (Case 1) There doesnt exists any relationship between smoking frequency under stress and Age. Dependent Variable Smoking frequency

Independent Variable Age

Cross TabulationNever (1)

Age (in years )18-25 (1) 13 26-30 (2) 6 31-35 (3)

Stress & Smoking Rarely Someti Most (2) mes (3) of the Time (4)4 3 10 6 14 3

Always (5)

Total4 1 45 19

3Above 36 (4) 1

32

35

83

01

1712

Observations

Since sig level is very high, therefor we will accept the null hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis (Case 2) There doesnt exists any relationship between smoking frequency under stress and profession. Dependent Variable Smoking frequency

Independent Variable profession

Cross TabulationProfession Self Employed (1) Government Sector (2) Private Sector (3) 3 Student (4) 17 2 10 7 17 9 18 1 5 22 67 Stress & Smoking Never Rarely Sometimes Most of Always (1) (2) (3) the Time (5) (4) Total 1 0 0 0 0 1

2

0

0

1

0

3

Since sig level is very high, therefor we will accept the null hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis(Case 3) There doesnt exists any relationship between smoking frequency under stress and Annual income. Dependent Variable Smoking frequency Independent Variable Annual income

Cross TabulationNever (1) Annual Personal Income (in lakhs) Less than 1 Lac (1) 14 1 Lac-3 Lacs (2) 1 3 Lacs- 6 Lacs (3) 4 More than 6 Lacs (4) 4 1 2 7 1 6 5 1 0 19 12 2 1 1 0 5 Stress & Smoking Rarely Sometimes Most of Always (2) (3) the (5) Time (4) Total

9

14

16

4

57

Since sig level is very high, therefor we will accept the null hypothesis.

Bivariate Analysis (Case 2)

Null hypotheisis There exist No direct relationship between stress

frequency and smoking frequency Dependent Variable Smoking frequency Independent Variable Stress Frequency

Cross TabulationNever (1) Stress pattern Never (1) 3 Rarely (2) 12 Sometimes(3) Most of the time(4) 9 1 3 3 2 10 10 1 13 14 1 3 4 1 41 40 6 1 1 1 0 6

Smoking pattern Rarely Sometimes Most Always (2) (3) of the (5) Time (4)

Total

Always (5)

0

0

0

0

0

0

Since adjusted R Square is very low explanatory power of this regression is low However sig level is not very high, therefor we cannot fully reject null hypothesis. Thus to some extent smoking pattern depends on the stress

FACTOR ANALYSIS

Survey Compilation

Data

Rotated Component MatrixFrequency & FactorsOwning House Brand Consciousness Social Status Party Frequency Party Expenditure Insomnia Friction between Colleagues Feeling frustrated Feeling defeated Overly competitive Sharing stress Smoking edge Smoking Frequency Smoking at Home -.031 .134 .058 .176 .279 .245 -.012

Social Importance.553 .181 .735 .105 .100 .081 .049

Smoking Expenditure-.025 -.018 -.037 .115 .368 -.024 -.015

Anger & Frustration-.085 .122 .103 .010 -.058 .191 .883

Cigarettes alternatives.148 .101 -.024 -.013 .346 -.033 .008

.208 .174 .077 -.045 -.117 .617 .561

.058 .420 -.051 .142 -.138 -.016 .147

.096 -.014 .127 -.454 -.211 .754 .577

.697 .337 .106 -.005 -.023 -.020 -.027

.083 -.099 .057 -.007 .777 .003 .050

Job requirement Money spent on smoking Quit Smoking Cigarettes replacement

.539 .060 -.023 -.164

-.365 -.154 .008 .317

.031 .812 .066 .063

-.115 .063 .054 .132

.117 -.213 .511 .680

Smoking under stressDistressing Peers stress level Smoking during breaks Meeting stress

.893.660 .250 .801 .710

-.024-.177 -.458 .155 .045

-.129-.012 .188 .018 .343

.132.186 .099 .027 .014

-.133-.154 -.169 -.096 -.003

Factors Formed Factor 1 (Reasons for Smoking) Job pressure Smoking under stress Smoking during breaks Meeting stress Factor 2 (Social Importance) Social status Owning house Factor 3 (Smoking Expenditure) Money spent on smoking Smoking frequency Factor 4 (Anger & Frustration) Friction between colleagues Feeling frustrated Factor 5 (Cigarettes alternatives) Quit Smoking Cigarettes replacement

KMO & Bartletts Test:Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .667

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square df Sig.

619.869 253 .000

KMO Measure of sampling = .667 >0.5 Therefor, factor analysis is appropriate for the survey data.

CLUSTER ANALYSISVariables Selected For Cluster Analysis Age Sex Profession Annual personal income (in lakhs) Marital status At a distance of 5, we get four clusters

Dendrogram Snapshot

CLUSTER 1S.No 7 11 15 16 18 21 23 27 29 37 50 57 58 59 62 66 69 76 84 86 90 Age 25 22 23 25 21 34 24 34 24 36 22 22 41 42 23 24 24 24 24 24 21 Sex 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Profession 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Annual Personal Income (in lakhs) 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1

Marital Status 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

The cluster has an unmarried male population mostly in the age group of 21 25 years, mostly students. Most of them have an annual personal income less than 1 lakh.

CLUSTER 2S.No 8 24 34 39 44 45 64 88 Age 26 28 26 25 26 26 24 25 Sex Annual Personal Professio Income Marital n (in lakhs) Status 1 3 3 1 3 4 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

The cluster has an unmarried male population in the age group of 24 -28 years mostly working in govt. sector with an annual personal income of 3 lakhs to more than 6 lakhs.

CLUSTER 3S.No 28 38 71 78 81 83 85 91 Age 36 24 22 23 33 22 23 22 Sex Annual Personal Income (in Marital Profession lakhs) Status 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 3 3 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

The cluster has an unmarried female population in the age group of 22-36 years, mostly students with an annual personal income of less than 1 lakh.

CLUSTER 4S.No 42 43 48 52 53 68 79 Age 44 45 43 51 47 36 37 Sex

Annual Personal Income (in Marital Profession lakhs) Status 1 3 4 1 3 4 1 3 4 1 4 3 1 4 3 1 3 3 1 3 3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

The cluster has an unmarried male population in the age group of 36 -51 years mostly working in govt. sector with an annual personal income of 3 lakhs to more than 6 lakhs.

Cluster summary tableAge Sex Profession Annual personal income Marital status

Cluster 1

Most lie in the range 21-25 years24-28 years

Male

Student

Most lie in the income group less than 1 lakh3 lakhs to more than 6 lakhs Less than 1 lakh

Unmarried

Cluster 2

Male

Govt. Sector Student and govt. sector

Unmarried

Cluster 3

22-36 years

Female

Unmarried

Cluster 4

36-51 years

Male

Most work in Govt. Sector

3 lakhs to more than 6 lakhs

Unmarried

Thank You