sruliad saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi

sergo vardosaniZe

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate (1932-1952 wlebi)

redaqtori prof. mixeil qavTaria

recenzentebi: profesorebi: zaza maruaSvili

zaza abaSiZe

doqtoranti Tornike RvinianiZe

1. sasuliero cxovrebis pirveli nabijebi

XX saukuneSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo avtokefaluri

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelTa Soris uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate cinca-

Ze erT-erTi rCeulTagania. misi mamadmTavroba daemTxva saqarTvelos isto-

riis yvelaze tragikul xanas, roca bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebi-

saTvis qristianuli sarwmunoeba, eklesia sruliad miuRebeli iyo am dros

sasuliero piroba gmirobis tolfasi gamxdariyo. uwmidesi da unetaresi ka-

listrate iyo saxe saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisa,

mas pativs scemdnen rogorc mowmune mrevli, aseve aTeistebic. vinc erTxel

mainc Sexvedria mas samudamod daamaxsovrdaT bibliuri mwyemsmTavris

Wkviani Tvalebi, romelic naTels hfenda garSemomyofT. gasuli saukunis

50-ian wlebSi Wabuki irakli SiolaSvili vladikavkazidan mcxeTaSi, svetic-

xovlobaze Camoiyvana Tavisma naTliam zoile dvaliSvilma da locva-

kurTxevis asaRebad miiyvana uwmides kalistratesTan, maSin arcerTma ar

vicodiT, rom es iyo ori patriarqis Sexvedrao _ dasZens uwmidesi da une-

taresi ilia II.

kalistrate (biWiko) mixeilis Ze cincaZe daibada 1866 wlis 12 aprils

quTaisis mazris sofel tobanierSi (axlandeli vanis raioni). cincaZeTa

gvari warmoSobiT guriidanaa. misi mSoblebi iyvnen: mRvdeli mixeili da de-

da ekaterine gogoriSvili. mixeil cincaZes ganaTleba miRebuli hqonda

jruWis monasterSi mitropolit daviT wereTlis karze, iyo saeklesio wig-

nebis saucxoo mcodne, mis ojaxSi yovelTvis iyvnen diakvani Segirdebi. mama

mixeili gardaicvala 1882 wlis 8 Tebervals 47 wlis asakSi. Svilebis

aRzrdis mTeli simZime itvirTa dedam, ekaterinem, romelic gamoirCeoda

rogorc Sromismoyvare, mkacri, magram samarTliani xasiaTiT.

wera-kiTxva mas dam, matronam Seaswavla, xolo `Jamnis~ SeswavlaSi mamis

Segirdi diakvnebi daexmarnen.

XIX saukunis 60-90-ian wlebSi ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisufle-

bisagan avtokefaliagauqmebul saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxe ara

imperiuli suliskveTebis rusi egzarqosebi, aramed erTeuli qarTveli sa-

suliero pirebi iyvnen, romelTa Soris imereTis episkoposi gabrieli (qiqo-

Ze) sicocxleSive legendad qceuliyo. episkoposi gabrieli erTnairad Zvir-

fasi iyo, rogorc axalgazrdebisaTvis, ise xanSiSesulTaTvisac, igi bevrs

mogzaurobda Tavis eparqiaSi, qristianul moZRvrebas, samSoblos siyva-

ruls aswavlida Tavis mrevls. rogorc uwmidesi kalistrate gadmogvcems:

`im xanebSi Cvens sofelSi gardaicvala solomon SaraZeniZis deda. anderZis

asagebad moiwvies gabriel episkoposi, wirvis dros sakurTxevelSi vtria-

lebdi, `ganicades, rom galobdnen mimixmo, locvebi gamomkiTxa, jvari maCu-

qa da mamas ubrZana Tavis droze Seiyvane saswavlebelSio~.1 episkopos

gabrielTan Sexvedram gansazRvra Wabuki kalistrates momavali.

1875 wels ojaxma igi quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi Seiyvana. im

dros sasuliero da saero saswavleblebSi cdilobdnen moswavleebSi Caek-

laT erovnuli suliskveTeba. am mxriv gamoirCeoda laTinuris maswavlebe-

li T. bogoliubovi, magram qarTveli maswavleblebi: niko xuciSvili,

raJden gigauri, daviT CimakaZe, kowia maWavariani, polievqtos kvicariZe, ni-

ko maRraZe mainc axerxebdnen moswavleTa patriotuli suliskveTebiT

aRzrdas. TviT gabriel episkoposic mZime mdgomareobaSi iyo. egzarqosebs

aRizianebdaT misi avtoriteti da cdilobdnen eparqiis samRvdeloebis

masTan dapirispirebas. magaliTad, Tu episkoposi gabrieli romelime sasu-

liero pirs damsaxurebulad dasjida, egzarqosi TavisTan ixmobda das-

jils da mitriT an oqros jvriT ajildovebda. es iyo saeklesio kanonikis

fexqveS gaTelvis magaliTi, magram egzarqosebs rac moeprianebodaT, imas

akeTebdnen.

egzarqosebisadmi daumorCilebel erovnuli suliskveTebis qarTveli

mRvdelmTavris mimarT ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufleba farul poli-

ciur zedamxedvelobas axorcielebda, zogjer iseT ciliswamebasac avrce-

lebda, romelic mimarTuli iyo gabriel episkoposis saxelisa da avtori-

tetis winaaRmdeg. `1875 wels gabriel episkoposs bralad dasdes quTaisisa

da gelaTis eklesiebis siZveleTa moparva. vidre simarTle gairkveoda

maSindel presaSic, sasuliero wreebSic da xalxSic aTasgvari miTqma-moTq-

ma Tu Wori gavrcelda. dainiSna gamoZieba, Seiqmna komisiebi... sabolood

gairkva braldebis sruli siyalbe~.2

gabriel episkoposi quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi damamTavrebel

kursze eswreboda gamocdebs. igi gulisyuriT usmenda moswavleebs da ga-

morCeulebs rekomendaciiT agzavnida swavlis gasagrZeleblad Tbilisis sa-

suliero seminariaSi. 1882 wels kalistrate cincaZe Tbilisis sasuliero

seminariis reqtors arqimandrit mixeil krilovs gabriel episkoposis

rekomendaciiT warudga, magram reqtors yoymani daetyo, rogorc Cans ar un-

doda kalistrates miReba, magram gabriel episkoposis ganawyenebasac moeri-

da da bolos mainc dadebiTad gadawyvita sakiTxi.

XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebis TbilisSi moRvaweobdnen erovnul-ganmaTavi-

suflebeli moZraobis liderebi: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob goge-

baSvili, niko nikolaZe, sergei mesxi, kirile lorTqifaniZe. gamodioda ga-

zeTebi: `droeba~, `iveria~. amave dros gaZlierda ruseTis reaqciuli wree-

bis zewola erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaze. saqarTvelos egzarqo-

si pavle, mTavarmarTebeli dondukov-korsakovi da kavkasiis ganaTlebis

olqis mzrunveli ianovski yvelafers akeTebdnen, raTa qarTvelobas daeviw-

yebina Tavisi warsuli _ awmyo da ar efiqra momavalze. marTalia semina-

riis maswavleblebi cdilobdnen erovnul da revoluciur ideebs ar

SemoeRwia saswavlebelSi, magram amas ver axerxebdnen. seminariaSi erTad

cxovrobdnen: aleqsi (anton) giorgaZe, gigo Sengelia, ioseb laliaSvili,

kalistrate cincaZe, ieroTeoz aivazaSvili. pirvel wlebSi kalistrates

uWirda berZnuli da rusuli enebis Seswavla, magram bejiTma Sromam Tavisi

gaitana da igi erT-erTi gamorCeuli iyo seminariaSi. megobrobda damamTav-

rebeli kursis seminarielebTan: besarion xelaiasTan, silibistro

jiblaZesTan, isidore ramiSvilTan, barTlome moseSvilTan, ivane giorga-

ZesTan, aleqsandre da konstantine JordaniebTan, petre WaraiasTan. kalist-

rate cincaZe xSirad dadioda mTawmindaze zaqaria WiWinaZis saxlSi, sadac

ecnoboda mravalricxovan saistorio dokumentebis xelnawerebs, Tavisufal

literaturas. seminariaSi gamefebuli mkacri reJimis miuxedavad iyvnen ise-

Ti maswavleblebic, romelTac waruSleli kvali datoves axalgazrdebze.

uwmidesi kalistrate siyvaruliT ixsenebda: T. Jordanias, al. alborovs, p.

potockis. saqarTvelos egzarqosi pavle gansakuTrebiT aviwroebda Tedo

Jordanias, romelsac Seumcires qarTulis saaTebi, bolos ki mosTxoves

qarTulis rusulad swavleba?! uwmidesi kalistrate dadebiTad axasiaTebda

seminariis meore qarTvel maswavlebels ioseb meqanariSvils, romelic

seminarielebTan erTad awyobda saliteraturo saRamoebs, Teatralur

warmodgenebs. aseT adamians eqzarqosi `aramzadas da mxecs uwodebda~.3 Tbi-

lisis sasuliero seminariaSi 1886 wlis 24 maiss ioseb laliaSvilis mier

reqtor Cudeckis mkvleloba iyo ruseTis reaqciuli politikis winaaRmdeg

brZolis dasawyisi. kalistrate cincaZis mogonebebSi dawvrilebiTaa aRwe-

rili Tu rogor moxda es da ra reaqcia hqonda momxdarTan dakavSirebiT

saqarTvelos egzarqos pavles. 1886 wlis 28 maiss ruseTis sinodis oberp-

rokuror k. pobedonoscevis saxelze gagzavnil werilSi egzarqosi werda:

`damnaSave, rogorc Cans socializmisa da qarTvelofilobis adgilobrivma

moTaveebma moisyides... mogviwevs yvela qarTvelis gaZeveba, Tu ar gvinda

seminariis sruli demoralizacia~.4 egzarqosma pavlem gansvenebuli Cudecki

ruseTis saxelmwifoebrivi da religiuri interesebisaTvis wamebulad war-

moaCina. Tbilisis wm. aleqsandre nevelis sax. eklesiaSi man Semdegi sityva

warmosTqva: `borotmoqmedis msxverpli ki ar imsaxurebs glovas, aramed is

garemo, romelmac warmoSva borotmoqmedi. diax, glovoben mamebi da dedebi

Cveni mxarisa, rom Cvens wreSi arseboben bavSvebi cxoveluri

midrekilebebis amara. maT mimarT ar imoqmeda ojaxis lmobierebam, ver

moaxdina gavlena skolis keTilma da Tbilma damokidebulebam. isini

Sepyrobilni arian gareSe, cru da mavne zemoqmedebiT; glovoben imis gamo,

rom uzneo adamianebs SeuZliaT gaxdnen eklesiis msaxurnic ki. wyeulimc

iyos is xalxi da qveyana, romelic aseT borotmoqmedT Sobs.~

sinodis ober-prokuror k. pobedonoscevis saxelze gagzavnil werilSi

egzarqosi pavle werda: `borotmoqmedi 19 wlisaa da rogorc Cans,

mosyidulia adgilobrivi social-demokratebisa da gruzinofilebisagan.

maT kargad esmodaT, rom Zalze Wkviani da energiuli reqtori, romelmac

daiwyo borotebis Zir-fesvianad aRmofxvra, maTi saSiSi mteri iyo. amitomac

gadawyvites misi Tavidan moSoreba... mkvlelobis dRes is ori saaTis

ganmavlobaSi daexeteboda Cems ezoSi, eklesiaSic ki Semovida, magram ara

salocavad, radgan `romeli qerubimTas~ dros skamze ijda da diakonma

wamoagdo. vfiqrob, is swavlobda Cemi cxovrebis wess. cdilobda,

Semosuliyo CemTan im Ria karidan, romlidanac me vusmen xolme wirvas, da

moulodnelad damsxmoda Tavs. yvelaferi es, rasakvirvelia, Cemi

mosazrebebia da ara WeSmariteba. magram erTi aSkaraa, rom Cemi sikvdili

borotis xeliT aq bevrs gaaxarebda dawyebuli im aramzada

`didebulebidan~, romlebmac Tqven mogarTves cnobili moxsenebiTi baraTi.

vfiqrob, RmerTma mixsna sikvdilisagan, Tavisi uxilavi SemweobiTa da

SewynarebiT.~ (`saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~ 1987. #3. gv. 31-32).

qarTveli sazogadoeba aRaSfoTa egzarqos pavles am sityvebma. quTaisis

Tavad-aznaurobis marSalma dimitri yifianma sajaro werilSi daufaravad

moiTxova SemCveneblis SeCvenebuli qveynidan gaZeveba. marTalia dimitri

yifiani ruseTis imperatorisadmi ùrCobis~ motiviT saqarTvelodan stavro-

polSi gadaasaxles da 1887 wels veragulad gamoasalmes sicocxles, magram

am faqtma ver daaSina qarTveli sazogadoeba, piriqiT, dimitri yifianis

dakrZalva mTawmindaze iqca erovnul ZalTa gaerTianebis mZlavr demonst-

raciad. 1888 wels kalistrate cincaZem daamTavra Tbilisis sasuliero se-

minaria da reqtoris paisi vinogradovis rekomendaciiT swavlis gasagrZe-

leblad gaeSura kievis sasuliero akademiaSi.

kievis sasuliero akademia qarTveli studentebisaTvis yvelaze sasurve-

li saswavlebeli iyo ruseTis imperiaSi. aq moRvaweobdnen qristianuli

Teologiis aRiarebuli avtoritetebi. kievis akademia daamTavres: istori-

kosma dimitri furcelaZem, iakob gogebaSvilma, dekanozma giorgi xeliZem,

mweralma niko lomourma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebma:

kirion II, leonidma, mitropolitma nazar leJavam, mitropolitma giorgi

aladaSvilma, episkoposma dimitri abaSiZem, episkoposma piros oqropiriZem,

akademikosma korneli kekeliZem, sasuliero pirebma: nikoloz maxaTaZem,

gabriel cagarelma, ambrosi kavkasiZem, markoz tyemalaZem, ilia feraZem,

meliton kelenjeriZem, anton fircxalavam, nikita TalakvaZem.

kalistrate cincaZe kievis sasuliero akademiaSi miiRes saxelmwifo

xarjze. rogorc igi gadmogvcems 1888 wlis seqtemberSi ruseTis samoqalaqo

istoriis profesorma zavitneviCma waikiTxa leqcia ruseTis did mTavar

vladimirze. leqciis dros profesori Seexo X saukunis bizantiis imperiis

istoriis sakiTxebs, magram saerTod ar axsena qarTvelebi. axalgazrda stu-

dentma moridebiT, magram mainc usayvedura profesors. am ukanasknels moe-

wona studentis logikuri msjeloba, ganswavluloba da daavala moemzade-

bina sadiplomo Tema _ `daviT aRmaSenebeli, rogorc saeklesio da politi-

kuri moRvawe~akademiis xelmZRvanelobam aseTi saTauris Tema ar daamtkica.

samagierod uari ar uTqvamT Temaze ìveriis eklesia sasanidebis periodSi~.

naSromSi kalistrate cincaZe `pirvelwyaroTa mecnieruli analizis safuZ-

velze cxadyofda saqarTvelos eklesiis mociqulebriobas... aqve aSuqebda

iveriis sakaTalikosos istoriis rig gaurkvevel sakiTxebs sasanianTa bato-

nobis periodSi, saeklesio samarTals, adgilobriv saeklesio krebebs,

mTavarepiskoposTa sias, eklesiis ierarqiul aRnagobas~5 naSromis recenzen-

tebi iyvnen prof. i. maliSevski, a. olesnicki, romelTac maRali Sefaseba

misces mas. amis Sesaxeb qarTvel sazogadoebas auwyebda 1892 wels

sasuliero Jurnali `mwyemsi~.

1890 wels kalistrate cincaZem kievSi dedis werili miiRo, romelic oja-

xis mZime materialuri mdgomareobis gamo sTxovda Svils samSobloSi

dabrunebas. werilma Zlier daaRona ara marto kalistrate, aramed misi

amxanagebic. Tanakurselma ilia feraZem sagangebo weriliT mimarTa imere-

Tis episkopos gabriels, romelic Cveuli gulisxmierebiT moekida mas àka-

demiis Tavis danebebis gansacdebisagan gamomiyvana yovladsamRvdelo

gabrielis mamobrivma zrunvam~.6 werda mogvianebiT igi.

1890 wels zafxulis ardadegebze kalistrate cincaZe Camovida saqarTve-

loSi, quTaisSi madlobis saTqmelad eaxla episkopos gabriels, romelmac

dawvrilebiT gamohkiTxa kievis sasuliero akademiis ambebi. yovladsamRvde-

lo gabriels gansakuTrebiT aRelvebda saqarTvelos eklesiis momavali. `me

da aleqsandre oqropiriZe ukve davberdiT, dRes Tu xval sikvdilic Tavis

movaleobas Seasrulebs, ganaTlebuli berebi garda leonidisa, Cven ar

gvyavs... Tu samSoblo giyvars xSirad ifiqre berobazeo~7 _ daamTavra Tavi-

si darigeba meufe gabrielma.

1892 wels sasuliero akademiis damTavrebisTanave RvTimetyvelebis kan-

didati kalistrate cincaZe dabrunda saqarTveloSi, gaanawiles xonis

saswavlebelSi saRvTo sjulis maswavleblad, magram iq adgili ar aRmoCn-

da. gabriel episkoposs surda quTaisSi qalTa saeparqio saswavlebelSi

daetovebina, magram aqac winaaRmdegobebi Sexvda. amitom igi gamoeSura

TbilisSi da 1893 wels dainiSna didubis eklesiaSi. 11 aprils ekurTxa

diakvnad, xolo 18 aprils mRvdlad egzarqos vladimeris mier. didubis ek-

lesia imiTac iyo mniSvnelovani, rom mis gverdiT mdebareobda qarTvel sa-

zogado moRvaweTa panTeoni iyo. 1893 wels qarTvelma sazogadoebam ganji-

dan gadmoasvena nikoloz baraTaSvilis neSti. kalistrate cincaZe

qarTvelma sazogadoebam didubeSi, nikoloz baraTaSvilis cxedarTan war-

moTqmuli brwyinvale sityviT gaicno. `nikoloz baraTaSvili bunebaSi da

bunebis SemweobiT eZebs da hpoulobs mas, visac ZaluZs Svebis mocema... am

saxed, wmidis mociqulis sityvis Tanaxmad man buneba aRiara xmad RvTisa

kacTa mimarT _ wignad, sadac amoikiTxa, rom Sveba da lxena SeuZlia miani-

Wos adamianis guls mxolod man, vinc aris mizezi adamianisa da TviT bune-

bis gaCenisa~.8

1893 wlidan moyolebuli saqarTvelos religiur-sazogadoebriv da poli-

tikuri cxovrebis sferoSi ar yofila mniSvnelovani movlena, sadac mama

kalistrate cincaZes monawileoba ar mieRo.

2. brZola egzarqosebis antiqarTuli politikis winaaRmdeg

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg

ruseTis xelisuflebam Seqmna saqarTvelos saegzarqoso, romelsac qarTve-

li mitropolitis varlam erisTavis Semdeg rusi egzarqosebi ganagebdnen.

egzarqosebi ar iTvaliswinebdnen mravalsaukunovan qarTul saeklesio

tradiciebs, devnidnen qarTul enas, qarTul galobas, Seuracxyofdnen

qarTvel wmindanebs, eklesiebSi angrevdnen qarTul kankelebs da cvlidnen

rusuliT, monastrebidan aZevebdnen qarTvel berebs da maT adgilze

niSnavdnen rusebs. rusi egzarqosebisaTvis miuRebeli iyvnen qarTuli erov-

nuli suliskveTebis samRvdeloeba. kalistrate cincaZis maxvili Tvalisa

da uzustesi fsiqologiuri dakvirvebebis Sedegia XIX saukunis 80-iani

wlebidan 1917 wlamde saqarTvelos egzarqosebis istoriuli portretebi.

uwmidesi kalistrate mravalricxovan saeklesio sabuTebis moSveliebiT

srulad aRadgens epoqis suraTs. egzarqosebis daxasiaTebisas mas arasodes

ar Ralatobs obieqturoba.

1891 wels kievis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis periodSi Sexvda saqarTve-

los yofil egzarqoss ioanike rudnevs, romelic imxanad kievis mitropoli-

ti iyo. `sarwmuno wyarodan vici, rom rodesac 1882 wels saqarTvelodan

gadaiyvanes jvris uReltexilze SeCerda, mobrunda saqarTvelosken, pirja-

ri gadaiwera da Tqva: gmadlob, Sen, yovlad wmida qalwulo, rom SesaZleb-

loba momeci, am velurebs cocxali gadavrCenodio~9. kalistrate cincaZe

imowmebs mTavarepiskopos nikanoris dialogs ionikesTan romelic ase axa-

siaTebs qarTvelebs: `maT xom ar aqvT gansjis unari: gonebaClungni arian,

magram rasac daiCemeben aRar gadaTqvamen. kacis mokvla arafrad uRirT.

naTesaobas me-14 Taobamde Tvlian, Tumca xanjali Cascen RviZl Zmas

maTTvis Zneli ar aris. Smagi xalxia, odnav aRelvebaze kargaven wonasworo-

bas da iZroben xanjals~10. qarTvelebze aseTi Sexedulebis mwyemsmTavari

bunebrivia, kargs arafers gaukeTebda Tavis samwysos.

kalistrate cincaZis daxasiaTebiT egzarqosi pavle lebedevi (1882-1887

w.w.) iyo uxeSi da ficxi adamiani. seminariis reqtoris Cudeckis mkvleloba

man gamoiyena antiqarTuli isteriis gasaRviveblad. xolo aleqsandre neve-

lis eklesiaSi warmoTqmuli Seuracxmyofeli sityva mWermetyvelebis nimu-

Sad gamoacxada. igi siamayiT werda: `dakrZalvisas warmovTqvi sityva,

romelmac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina, moewonaT rusebs da ar moewonaT

qarTvelebis garkveul nawils. seminariam da qarTulma inteligenciam

sazizRrad warmoaCines Tavi~11. egzarqosi pavle sxva drosac ar uSvebda

SemTxvevas qarTvelebze augi eTqva. uwmides kalistrate ixsenebs egzarqos

pavles saubars yovladsamRvdelo nikanorTan `masTan saubarSi mivxvdi, rom

ar apirebda ukan, saqarTveloSi dabrunebas. risTvis wavide, sul erTia,

momklaven... aki eWvic ar eparebaT sinodSi, rom saqarTvelo miiltvis

separatizmisaken... iq aris nihilisturi, separatistuli xrova, arcTu mcire-

ricxovani, romelnic mTebsac gadaabruneben Cems mosaspobad~.12 samwuxaro is

iyo, rom marto pavle egzarqosi ki ar iyo, vinc ase fiqrobda qarTvelebze.

peterburgis saero da sasuliero wreebSi umravlesoba am azrisa iyo

saqarTveloze. bunebrivia, siZulvilis mTesvelni siyvaruls ver moimkidnen.

uwmidesi kalistrate mkacri, magram obieqturi iyo pavles Semcvleli

egzarqosis paladi raevis (1886-1892 w.w) Sefasebisas. egzarqosi paladi

TvalTmaqcobda da naZaladevi TavazianobiT epyroboda yvelas, man moaxerxa

qarTvel TavadaznaurTa ojaxebTan daaxloeba, stumrobda qarTul ojaxebs,

guluxvad ajildoebda sasuliero pirebs, magram amis paralelurad osta-

turad axerxebda rusifikaciis politikis ganxorcielebas. man didubis ive-

riis RvTismSoblis eklesia yazanis RvTismSoblis eklesiad gamoacxada.

ver itanda qarTvel wmindanebs. `erTxel sinodis kantoraSi ikiTxa, sad vi-

povo qarTveli wmindanebis wmindanebad Seracxvis aqtebi? aseTi aqtebi ar

Semonaxula, magram marto is, rom zemoTCamoTvlili saxelebi saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi saukuneebis manZilze moixsenieba, mowmobs maT dakanonebas, upasu-

xes meufes. am pasuxma igi ar daakmayofila da sinodis kantoris saxeliT

gankarguleba gamosca qarTuli saxelebi berZnul-rusuliT Seecvala~.13 ai,

namdvili saxe zedmetad Tavaziani egzarqosisa, romelsac sityviT Zalian

uyvarda Tavisi samwyso, qarTveli xalxi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom egzarqos vladimer bogoiavlinskis (1892-1898 w.w.)

uwmidesi kalistrate gansakuTrebiT pativs scemda, rogorc ganaTlebul

pirovnebas da mis mRvdlad makurTxebels, mis qarTvelTmoZuleobasac ver

iviwyebda. misi gankargulebiT 87 seminarieli `mglis bileTiT~ gaaZeves

Tbilisis seminariidan. mas sZulda qarTuli salocavebi `1894 wels

sveticxovlobis dResaswaulze egzarqosi sveticxovlis taZarSi wiravda,

wirvis Semdeg mRvdelmsaxurni paraklisis gadasaxdelad gamovidnen. `sawig-

neze ori xati ido _ sveticxoveli da RvTismSoblis safarveli. meufem kan-

delaks ubrZana sveticxovlis xati waeRo, RvTismSoblis safarveli daeto-

vebina. xati waiRes, mlocvelT guli daumZimdaT, maT Soris zogierT

russac ki da bevri gavida taZridan~.14 egzarqos vladimers aRizianebda

sityva saqarTvelos xseneba da yvelasgan moiTxovda quTaisisa da Tbilisis

guberniebiT SeecvalaT termini `saqarTvelo~.

Tavisi xanmokle mwyemsmTavrobis Jams mTavarepiskoposma flabiane

gordeckim (1898-1901 w.w.) gaauqma egzarqos paladis akrZalva yrmaTaTvis

qarTvel wmindanTa saxelis ardarqmevis Sesaxeb. igi iyo rbili da yuradRe-

biani da survili hqonda Tavisi sicocxlis darCenili wlebi saqarTveloSi

gaetarebina, magram ruseTis saimperatoro xelisuflebaSi aseTi kaci miuRe-

beli iyo, miTumetes am dros qarTvelebi ukve aRar malavdnen TavianT sur-

vils saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

xelisuflebam saqarTveloSi lmobieri egzarqosis damxmared cnobili

Savrazmeli i. vostorgovi moavlina, xolo 1901 wels flabine, mTavarepisko-

posma aleqsi opockim Secvala (1901-1905 w.w.), romelic ivane vostorgovis

gavlenis qveS moeqca. egzarqosi aleqsi Tavis winamorbedebis politikas

agrZelebda saqarTveloSi. vostorgovi Riad ebrZoda yovelive erovnuls

da cdilobda peterburgis saero da sasuliero wreebSi imperiis interese-

bisaTvis yvelaze erTguli mebrZolis saxelis SenarCunebas. egzarqosi

aleqsi ufro SeniRbulad moqmedebda. `1903 wels qvaSveTis wm. giorgis

eklesiis axali Senobis mSeneblobis mTeli komiteti misi Tavmjdomaris i.

amilaxvris meTaurobiT egzarqoss ewvia da eklesiis proeqti da xarjTaR-

ricxva warudgina, Tan sTxova, proeqti sagubernio sammarTveloSi gaegzavna

dasamtkiceblad. egzarqosma qarTuli eklesiebis msgavsad Sedgenil

proeqts rom daxeda saweri magidis erT-erTi ujra gamoswia. eklesiebis

proeqtebis mTeli aTeuli eskizi amoiRo (am eklesiebis xaxvis gumbaTebi da

sam mxares patronike hqonda) da amilaxvars hkiTxa: Tavado, gana eseni ar

sjobs Tqven proeqts? amilaxvarma miugo: SeiZleba sjobs kidevac, magram

Cvenma winaprebma es gegma gamoimuSaves da gvinda, swored mis mixedviT ava-

SenoT eklesia.

Tqveno brwyinvalebav _ miugo egzarqosma, Tuki winaprebi sisuleleebs

sCadiodnen, Cven ratom unda gavimeoroT isini~15 _ magram amilaxvari magrad

dauxvda da kategoriulad moiTxova qaSueTis eklesia samTavisis eklesiis

msgavsi unda yofiliyo. egzarqos aleqsisaTvis Sokismomkvreli aRmoCnda

1905 wlis maisSi qarTveli samRvdeloebis iniciativiT mowyobili krebis

moTxovna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis

Sesaxeb. misi brZanebiT rusma kazakebma maTraxebiT scemes samRvdeloebis

krebis monawileni. TbilisSi daZabuli viTareba Seiqmna. qarTuli inteli-

genciis warmomadgenlebma ilia WavWavaZis meTaurobiT mefisnacval voron-

cov-daSkovs mosTxoves egzarqos aleqsis saqarTvelodan gawveva. ruseTis

xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda aleqsi egzarqosTan erTad saqarTvelodan

gaewvia cnobili Savrazmelebi: dekanozi vostorgovi da arqimandriti ni-

kandri. egzarqosi aleqsi devnida cnobil saeklesio moRvawes episkopos

aleqsandre oqropiriZes. misi wardginebiTa da renegat episkopos dimitri

abaSiZis dabezRebiT 1903 wels episkoposi aleqsandre imperatoris sayvedu-

riT gadaayenes guria-samegrelos eparqiis mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan da

mis adgilze daniSnes episkoposi dimitri abaSiZe. aleqsandre episkoposis

`danaSauli~ is iyo, rom guria-samegrelos skolebidan ar gandevna qarTu-

li ena da ar daaCqara am mxaris garuseba. rac Seexeboda episkopos dimitri

abaSiZes, igi iyo cnobili rusi Savrazmelis i. vostorgovis ideebis erTgu-

li, sZulda yovelive qarTuli, energiulad cdilobda guria-samegrelos

skolebidan qarTuli enis gandevnas, ebrZoda erovnuli suliskveTebis

qarTvel samRvdeloebas. misi politikiT ukmayofilo mosaxleobis risxvas

gadaurCa imiT, rom ganimosa samRvdelmTavro Sesamoselisagan, Caicva Coxa-

axaluxi da ase gaipara 1905 wels saqarTvelodan. 1906 wels ki peterburgSi

sinodis sxdomaze, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenis sakiTxis ganxilvisas ukve Turqestanisa da taSkentis episkoposis

xarisxSi gamovida saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg _ `daiWireT episkoposebi kirio-

ni da leonidi. saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefalia aRaravis gaaxsendebao~

- ganacxada man.

ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufleba Seecada saqarTveloSi saeklesio

sferoSi warmoSobili garTulebuli viTarebis dawynarebas. es misia daekis-

ra axal egzarqos nikolozs, romelmac mxolod erTi weli (1905-1906 w.w.)

SeZlo am Tanamdebobaze darCena da rogorc uwmidesi kalistrate SeniSnavs

Tavi arafriT gamouCenia.

uwmidesi kalistrates mogonebebSi dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili ruseTis

xelisuflebisgan saqarTvelos egzarqosad mTavarepiskopos nikonis daniSv-

na, qarTveli sazogadoebisa da samRvdeloebis damokidebuleba am faqtisad-

mi.

mTavarepiskoposi nikoni avtokefaluri moZraobis winaaRmdeg brZolisaT-

vis iyo ganwyobili. man icoda sazogadoebis misadmi uaryofiTi damokidebu-

leba. 1906 wlis 26 agvistos, roca TbilisSi Camovida rkinigzis sadgurSi

mxolod rusi sasuliero pirebi daxvdnen. egzarqosi gaZlierebuli dacvis

TanxlebiT gadaiyvanes rezidenciaSi. pirvel xanebSi qarTveli samRvdeloe-

ba cdilobda egzarqosisaTvis boikoti gamoecxadebina da ar Sexvedroda

mas, magram nikons surda Semoerigebina isini. uwmidesi kalistrate ixsenebs

egzarqosTan Sexvedras. roca mas daufaravad uTxra: `rad cdilobT Cvens

garusebas? es xom arasodes moxdeba: xalxi, romelsac Tavis enaze meoTxe-

mexuTe saukuneebidan aqvs biblia, mdidari saeklesio-saRvTismetyvelo da

saero literatura da uaRresad ganviTarebuli ena, gana SeiZleba garus-

des? xolo Tu gvirevian iseTni, romelnic garusebulad gvaCveneben Tavs,

isini... naZiralebi arian, rogorebic arc Tqven gWirdebaT da arc miT ume-

tes Cven~16 nikoni moCvenebiTi keTilganwyobiT usmenda kalistrate cincaZes,

aRuTqvamda rom `Rrmad gaerkveoda~ qarTveli samRvdeloebis problemebSi

da rogorc WeSmariti mwyemsmTavari yvelafers gaakeTebda mis gamosaswo-

reblad. amave dros saidumlo werilSi ruseTis sinodisadmi ar malavda

Tavis antiqarTul ganwyobilebas. igi urCevda xelisuflebas `maT (qarTve-

lebs) romc mieceT neba qarTul RvTismetyvelebaSi varjiSis, saqme mainc

unda ganvagrZoT ise, rom srulebiT ar gadavcdeT saxelmwifoebriobis sa-

fuZvlebs. SeiZleba seminarias, radgan iq erovnul enazea swavla, aRekveTos

saxelmwifo xazinis daxmareba da miniWeba uflebebisa, romelTac igi aZ-

levda Tavis aRzrdilebs, roca mTlianad rusuli iyo. maSin qarTvelebi

moinanieben, rac Caidines tiriliT moiTxoven gulmowyalebas da xels aiRe-

ben TavianT erovnul miswrafebebze imis dabrunebis Txovnaze, rac hqondaT.

maTTan mosaridebeli araferi gvaqvs, vinaidan ise vZulvarT Cven rusebi,

rogorc ZaRlebi~.17 egzarqos nikonis mcdeloba qarTvelebs daeviwyebina

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiis avtokefaliaze fiqri marcxiT dam-

Tavrda. 1908 wlis 28 maiss egzarqosi nikoni mokluli iqna. ruseTis

xelisuflebam es faqti Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyena. mkvlelobaSi brali

qarTvel avtokefalistebs dasdes, gansakuTrebul devnaSi moeqca episkopo-

si kirioni, arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia. mTavar damnaSaved gamocxadda

Tbilisis sasuliero saswavleblis maswavlebeli, mRvdelmonazoni niko-

loz namoraZe, romelmac ucxoeTSi gasvla moaswro. `rus patriotTa kavSi-

ris~ wevrebi emuqrebodnen qarTvel samRvdeloebas, kidev ufro gaZlierda

represiebi.

1909-1913 wlebSi saqarTvelos egzarqosi iyo mTavarepiskoposi inoketi

beliaevi. saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave man ganacxada, rom ar dauSvebda

iveriis eklesiis raRac miswrafebebisa da uflebebis aRdgenas. misTvis

arasasurvelni iyvnen avtokefalur moZraobaSi Cabmuli sasuliero pirebi.

gansakuTrebiT miuRebeli iyo kalistrate cincaZis persona, romelsac

pirdapirobis gamo ver itanda. qveSemdgomebSi xSirad imeorebda: `am deka-

nozs saSinlad boroti ena aqvso~18, egzarqosma didubis eklesiidan gamoaZe-

va dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe, raTa eklesia rus mRvdlebs daesakuTrebinaT.

`kaxeTSi mogzaurobisas egzarqosma inokentim gverdi auara cnobil alaver-

dis da iyalTos taZrebs da SuamTis monasters... mas guli ar udgeba ive-

riis eklesiaSi. vgoneb, arc malavs, rom umZims saqarTveloSi samsaxuri~19-

werda dekanozi kalistrate. 1913-1914 wlebSi saqarTvelos egzarqosi iyo

aleqsi molCanovi, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis

moTxovnas `qarTveli inteligentebis fantastiur bodvas~20 uwodebda.

egzarqosi pitirim oknovi (1914-1915 wlebSi) iyo pirmoTne da eSmaki kaci,

romelic cdilobda qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis Tavi ise moeCvenebina,

TiTqos mxars uWerda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas. igi

cdilobda Cirqi moecxo avtokefalisti mRvdelmTavrebisaTvis, `Tqven didi

xnis win unda gyolodaT patriarqi, magram amis winaaRmdegi meufe leoni-

diao~21. egzarqosi pitirimi Tavis droze ruseTSi yovlisSemZle rasputinis

ndobiT sargeblobda.

1915-1917 wlebSi saqarTvelos egzarqosi iyo mTavarepiskoposi platon

roJdestvenski, romelic kalistrate cincaZis azriT praqtikuli kaci iyo.

misTvis gaugebari iyo, Tu ratom iTxovda qarTveli samRvdeloeba saqarTve-

los eklesiis avtokefalias. 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts, roca qarTvelma

samRvdeloebam mcxeTaSi avtokefaliis aRdgena gamoacxada. platon egzar-

qosi mtrulad Sexvda am gadawyvetilebas Tavi amierkavkasiis egzarqosad da

Tbilisis mitropolitad gamoacxada, daiqvemdebara saqarTvelos sakaTali-

kosos sazRvrebSi arsebuli araqarTuli mrevli. peterburgSi gagzavnil we-

rilSi ki ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo qristianobas ganudgao. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam episkopos leonidis

xelmZRvanelobiT miiRo gadawyvetileba platonis egzarqosobidan gadayene-

bis Sesaxeb, 1917 wlis 13 marts. magram igi mainc agrZelebda ruseTis

interesebisaTvis brZolas, ar Tmobda rezidencias, iwvevda Tavisi momxre

samRvdeloebis krebebs, Tumca bolos 1917 wlis agvistoSi iZulebuli gaxda

Tbilisi daetovebina.

uwmidesi kalistrates mogonebebidan kargad Cans, ruseTis xelisuflebis

mier saqarTveloSi movlenili egzarqosebi gamoirCeodnen antiqarTuli

suliskveTebiT, romelnic fexqveS Telavdnen iveriis uZvelesi samociqulo

eklesiis kanonier uflebebs, abuCad igdebdnen qarTvel xalxs da daJinebiT

cdilobdnen maT garusebas, magram amas ver axerxebdnen.

3. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis brZolaSi

yoveli ganaTlebuli qarTvelisaTvis sanukvari ocneba iyo saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena. XIX saukunis II naxevarSi

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis mesveurebma saqarTvelos damouki-

deblobis aRdgenisaTvis brZolaSi farTod CarTes qarTveli samRvdeloeba,

romelTac politikuri Tavisuflebis moTxovnas eklesiuri Tavisuflebisac

daumates. saqarTvelos marTlmadiebeli eklesiis avtokefalia, misi sawyisi

periodis istoria ainteresebda wm. gabriel episkoposis mier samoRvaweo

asparezze dalocvil kievis sasuliero akademiis student kalistrate

cincaZes. iveriis eklesiis Camoyalibeba, misi ierarqiuli damokidebuleba

ierusalimisa da antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi arsebul wyaroTa monacemebze

safuZvlianad Seiswavla man da sazogadoebas daanaxva saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis uZvelesi avtokefaliuroba. aqedan moyolebuli Tavi-

si xangrZlivi moRvaweobis manZilze kalistrate cincaZem cxovrebis erT-

erT miznad daisaxa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalii-

saTvis brZola da aRdgenis Semdeg misi ganmtkiceba. didi gamoxmaureba

mohyva 1894 w. Jurnal `Пастырь~-Si gamoqveynebul mis narkvevs `Автокефалия Грузинской церкви~, _ romelSic mecnierulad iyo dasabuTebuli saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis kanoniereba. werilma

qarTveli sazogadoebis mowoneba, xolo egzarqos vladimiris ganrisxeba

gamoiwvia. egzarqosma TavisTan daibara Jurnalis redaqtori dekanozi

daviT RambaSiZe da mosTxova werili ise damTavrebuliyo, rom saqarTvelos

eklesia arasodes ar yofila damoukidebelio, Tu ara Jurnals davxuravo.

`rogor gabedeT werilis dabeWdva, roca Tavidan bolomde ar wagikiTxavT

igi: rogor endeT axalgazrda kacs? RmerTma uwyis, ras dawers Semdeg. ra

TvaliT Sexedavs amas uwm. sinodi da ras metyvis igi me, an Tqven?~22 amis

Semdeg yvela egzarqosi, vinc saqarTveloSi modioda, Tvlida, rom dekanozi

kalistrate cincaZe ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisuflebisaTvis miu-

Rebeli iyo. dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe episkopos kirionTan, episkopos

leonidTan da episkopos antonTan, arqimandrit ambrosisTan erTad Tavisi

saqmianobiT amzadebda qarTul sazogadoebriobas saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxis mwvaved dasmisaTvis. man istorikos sergi

gorgaZesa da dekanoz anton ToTibaZesTan erTad SeimuSava saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa da marTva-gamgeobis

proeqti. mis ganxilvaSi monawileobdnen sasuliero pirebi: k. kekeliZe, n.

TalakvaZe, n. jaSi, qr. cicqiSvili, saeroTgan: e. TayaiSvili, a. yifSiZe, n.

arjevaniZe. pirvel ganxilvas meore mohyva, romelsac sazogadoebis farTo

warmomadgenloba daeswro, maT Soris ilia WavWavaZe da akaki wereTeli,

iakob gogebaSvili. avtokefaluri moZraobis aRmavlobis gamoxatuleba iyo

qarTveli samRvdeloebis sagangebo yriloba, romelmac moamzada peticia

sinodis oberprokuroris, kavkasiis mefisnacvlis saxelze, masSi mokled

iyo mimoxiluli saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, naCvenebi iyo ruseTis impe-

ratoris aleqsandre I-is 1811 wlis brZanebulebis ukanonoba saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. peticiaSi pirdapir iyo miTiTebu-

li `iveriis eklesias daubrundes avtokefaluri uflebebi da Tavisi kaTo-

likosiTurT aRdges mcxeTa-iveriis sakaTalikoso adrindel sazRvrebSi...

kaTalikosTan dafuZndes wm. sinodi, romlis xelSi moeqces yvela eklesiis,

monastris, samRvdeloebis, saswavlo-sasuliero dawesebulebebis da saqvel-

moqmedo dawesebulebis umaRlesi marTva-gamgeoba~.23 peticias 412 sasuliero

pirma moawera xeli. egzarqosi aleqsi rusi kazakebis maTraxebiT gauswor-

da avtokefaluri moZraobis warmomadgenlebs, magram aseT moqmedebas ar

SeeZlo SeeCerebina avtokefaluri moZraoba. 1906 wels gamoqveynda dekanoz

kalistrate cincaZis vrceli monografia `об Автокефальности Грузинской церкви~, romelic iyo pasuxi ruseTSi avtokefaluri moZraobis mowinaaRmde-

ge Zalebis absurdul, fantastikur Tvalsazrisebze. dekanozi kalistrate

cincaZis es naSromi didad waadga qarTvel avtokefalistebs 1906 wels pe-

terburgSi

sinodis sagangebo sxdomaze myarad daefiqsirebinaT saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis kanoniereba.

1917 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis imperiaSi momxdari didi cvlilebis

Semdeg (25 Tebervals imperatori nikoloz II taxtidan gadadga). 1917 wlis

12 (25) marts qarTvelma samRvdeloebam sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi

sazeimod gamoacxades saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefa-

liis aRdgena, dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe erT-erTi pirveli iyo, vinc

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobaSi Sevida. ruseTis xelisufle-

ba Seecada saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis teritorialuri avto-

kefalia erovnuli avtokefaliiT Seecvala. am mizniT qarTvelebTan molapa-

rakebisaTvis `1917 wlis 9 aprils TbilisSi Camovida profesori vladimer

beneSeviCi, romelmac ganacxada, rom yvelafers obieqturad Seiswavlida da

ise miawodebda informacias mTavrobas... sul male yvelasaTvis naTeli

Seiqmna, rom beneSeviCi rusuli imperiuli interesebis damcveli iyo da

egzarqosyofilis, platonis konsultaciebiT sargeblobda~.24

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis davale-

biT peterburgSi mTavrobasTan molaparakebisaTvis 1917 wlis ivnisSi gaemg-

zavrnen episkoposi anton giorgaZe, arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, dekanozi

kalistrate cincaZe. maT daZabuli saubrebi hqondaT ruseTis sinodis

oberprokuror lvovTan, sarwmunoebis ministr kartaSevTan, mTavrobis

Tavmjdomare kerenskisTan. delegaciis wevrebi darwmundnen, rom ruseTis

mTavroba mxolod erovnuli avtokefaliis cnobaze iyo Tanaxma. 1917 wlis

12 (25) martis mcxeTis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aqts ar gamoexmaur-

nen sxva marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiebi. uwmidesi kalistrates

azriT amis mizezi is iyo, rom `visTanac msoflio patriarqebs aqvT

urTierToba imasTan iWeren sxva sapatriarqoebic. Tavidan rusebs surdaT

amierkavkasiaSi sakuTari episkoposi, berZnebs qorepiskoposi, msoflio

sapatriarqo saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis erideboda ori mize-

ziT: 1. revoluciis Semdeg moxda aRmosavleTis patriarqebis qonebis

konfiskacia. 2. ruseTis eklesiis ridiT~.25 dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe ase

aRwers peterburgSi ruseTis droebiT mTavrobasTan Sexvedras: `1 ivliss

gaimarTa oberprokuroris Sepirebuli TaTbiri, romelsac eswrebodnen v.

lvovi, a. kartaSevi, profesorebi verxovski da kuznecovi, senatori z. ava-

liSvili, episkoposi antoni, arqimandriti ambrosi, me. verxovskim 12 martis

aqts `sqizma~ uwoda, Cven uarvyaviT es azri... sxvaTa Soris, pirdapir

mommarTa oberprokurorma _ ar gijobT, axal saxelmwifoSi iseTive mdgoma-

reoba gqondeT, rogoric somxur eklesias aqvs? Cven marTlmadideblebi

varT _ mivuge me da gvsurs, axal saxelmwifoSi iseTive mdgomareoba

gvqondes, rogoric eqneba ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesias. mereda, vin iq-

neba Tqveni oberprokurori? kiTxva moulodneli iyo da iZulebuli gavxdi

mepasuxa: Tqven... etyoba lvovs Cemi azri moewona da ganacxada, rom Cvens

mxareze iqneboda. Tumca sabolood ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam 1917 wlis

25 ivliss damtkicebuli debulebiT, romelsac ewodeboda `ruseTis saxelm-

wifoSi qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mdgomareobis wesebi~ mxari

qarTuli modgmis (erovnul) avtokefalias dauWira (k. cincaZe, mogonebebi

Tb. 2001, gv. 199). ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis mier damtkicebuli saqarTve-

los eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba uaryo saqarTvelos eklesiis

droebiTma mmarTvelobam.

1917 wlis 2 agvistos saqarTvelos eklesiis delegacia peterburgidan

TbilisSi dabrunda. dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe energiulad Caeba pirve-

li saeklesio krebis mosamzadebel sxdomebSi. 1917 wlis 8-17 seqtembers igi

monawileobda pirvel saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. arCeul iqna saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrad.

ruseTis saeklesio xelisufleba ver egueboda im faqts, rom saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebelma eklesiam avtokefalia gamoacxada. 1917 wlis 29

agvistos axladarCeulma ruseTis patriarqma tixonma mrisxane weriliT

mimarTa sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq kirion II-s. `patriarqi

tixoni saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xelmZRvanelobas ultima-

tums uyenebda, rom warmdgariyvnen ruseTis saeklesio krebaze, rogorc dam-

naSaveni da eRiarebinaT TavianTi Secodebani~.26 dekanozma kalistrate

cincaZem rogorc sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrma kaTolikos-patriarq

leonides saxeliT upasuxa sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

tixonis werils. man muxlobrivad gaarCia patriarQ tixonis werilis

TiToeuli debuleba da dasZina: `raki aRvadgineT kanonikuri wyobileba

qarTulsa da rusul eklesiaSic mtkiced unda vuTvalyuroT, raTa Semdgom-

Si araviTari msgavsi ar iqmnes~27 ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia jiutad

cdilobda araviTari urTierToba ar hqonoda saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

bel eklesiasTan da amasve urCevda sxva avtokefalur marTlmadidebel

eklesiebsac. amave dros isini aqezebdnen rusul samrevloebs ar damorCi-

lebodnen saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs. am mxriv rTuli viTareba iyo

ara marto TbilisSi, aramed cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSic. 1926 wels maT

scades baqos mitropoliti petre TbilisSi daebinavebinaT. kalistrate cin-

caZe ukve mitropoliti da sakaTalikozo sabWos wevri energiulad icavda

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interesebs. rogorc igi gadmogv-

cems 1926 wlis 25 dekembers baqos mitropoliti petre TbilisSi Sexvda

uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosis da mitropolit kalistrates. mitropo-

litma kalistratem Sexvedraze daufaravad ganacxada: `meufe piradi

Sexvedrebis dros Tqven megobrobas gvTavazobT, werilobiT ki moiTxovT

Tqvendami damorCilebas, `raskolnikebs~ gveZaxiT, beWdviTi organoebis

saSualebiT avrcelebT cru xmebs, viTomc Cvens teritoriaze vaviwroebT

rusTa samrevloebs, gvaSinebT imiT, rom msoflios marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siebi CvenTan kavSirs ar daiWeren Tqvens gareSe, gana yovelive es megobro-

bis niSania. sjobia gulaxdilad vilaparakoT, Tu Cven `raskolnikebi~ varT,

risTvis miiReT Cveni mRvdelmTavrebis nakurTxi mRvdlebi? vin vin unda ic-

nos Cven, Tqven Tu piriqiT? Tu damijerebT Cven didi xania cnobilni varT.

romelma aRmosavleTis patriarqma daadastura Cveni avtokefaliis SeCereba,

an axla ra saWiroa aRmosavleTis patriarqebis gansakuTrebuli aqti Cveni

cnobisaTvis? uxmod miiRes Cveni damoukideblobis ZaliT Sewyveta, uxmodve

miiRes imave damoukideblobis aRdgena... mitropoliti petre wamodga, pirj-

vari gadaiwera da ganacxada: Tqven srul WeSmaritebas brZanebT, iveriis

wmida eklesias vin ar icnobs, vin ityvis, rom igi raskolis matarebelia~28

mitropolitma petrem daarwmuna ruseTis sinodis xelmZRvaneloba rusu-

li samrevloebisaTvis sinodisagan gamogzavnil mkvdelmTavars ar miiRebda

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo _ kidev ufro gamwvavdeboda urTierToba qarTul

da rusul eklesiebs Soris, amiT kargad isargeblebda bolSevikuri xeli-

sufleba. mitropolitma kalistratem daarwmuna saqarTveloSi arsebuli

rusuli samrevloebi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi yofnis

SemTxvevaSi yvela pirobebs Seuqmnida sarwmunoebrivi interesebis dacvis

TvalsazrisiT. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebis

Semdeg dekanoz ivane lozovoisTan erTad SeimuSava saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi myofi rusuli samrevloebis debuleba, aman

zogierTi sasuliero piris ganrisxebac gamoiwvia, uwmides kalistratesadmi

gagzavnil werilSi anonimi avtori werda: `ra saWiroa avtokefalur ekle-

siaSi aseTi batonoba mieniWoT rusis dekanozebs?... nel-nela ispoba Cvens

eklesiaSi Zveli galoba, Zveli eklesiuri kiTxva, yvelaferi is, rac Cveni

erisa da eklesiis siamayed iTvleboda. marTalia, mZime dros gixdebaT moR-

vaweoba, magram risi SenarCuneba SeiZleba imas mainc CveniT nu movSliT~29

es iyo emociuri werili, magram misi avtori ar iTvaliswinebda im saSiS-

roebas, rac rusuli samrevloebidan iyo mosalodneli saqarTveloSi. uwmi-

desma kalistratem mizanmimarTulad imuSava rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris

politikur xelmZRvanelobasTan, aseve ruseTis eklesiis umaRles ierarqeb-

Tan, raTa ruseTis eklesias ecno saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

teritorialuri avtokefalia.

1943 wlis 14 seqtembers uwmidesma kalistratem oficialuri weriliT

miuloca mitropolit sergis ruseTis patriarqad arCeva da gamoTqva survi-

li am or eklesiaTa Soris urTierTobis aRdgenisa. sapasuxo werilSi

patriarqi sergi gamoTqvamda mzadyofnas molaparakebis gziT gadawyvetili-

yo yvela problemebi. ruseTis eklesiis aseT poziciaze gavlena moaxdina

ioseb stalinma, romelmac patriarq sergis uTxra: `rodemde unda iyoT aseT

aranormalur damokidebulebaSi saqarTvelos eklesiasTano.~ 1943 wlis 28-31

oqtombers TbilisSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRles

ierarqebTan molaparakebas awarmoebda stavropolisa da piatigorskis mit-

ropoliti antoni. moRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba or marTlmadidebel eklesias

Soris evqaristuli kavSiris aRdgenis Sesaxeb. mitropolitma antonma sio-

nis sapatriarqo taZarSi am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmides kalistrates: `pativi

da dideba Tqven, radgan pirveli iyaviT siyvarulisa da mSvidobis inicia-

tori or wminda RvTiur eklesiebs Soris locviT da kanonikur urTierTo-

baTa aRdgenis mniSvnelobaze da aucileblobaze~.30 ruseTis patriarqma

sergim sagangebo werilebiT mimarTa saqarTveloSi mcxovreb rusul

samrevloebs, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs da acnoba, rom ruseTis

eklesiam aRadgina evqaristuli kavSiri saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

eklesiasTan. 1945 wels uwmidesma kalistratem saqarTveloSi umaspinZla

ruseTis patriarq aleqsi I. uwmidesi aleqsi I-s 1945 wlis 1 oqtombers

baqoSi daxvdnen urbneli mitropoliti melqisedeki, mRvdeli naum SavianiZe.

6 oqtombers aleqsi I TbilisSi Camovida, moiloca Tbilisis eklesiebi, iyo

gorSi stalinis saxl-muzeumSi. 14 oqtombers daeswro sveticxovlobas

mcxeTaSi. 1948 wels moskovSi monawileobda ruseTis eklesia 500 wlisTavi-

sadmi miZRvnil sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. 1949 wels moskovis sasuliero akade-

miis samecniero sabWos sapatio wevrad iqna arCeuli sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate. uwmidesi kalist-

rate jer kidev 1926 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis saxeliT msof-

lio patriarq basil III-s mimarTavda TxovniT, raTa maT ecnoT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalia, magram msoflio sapatriarqo ase-

Ti nabijis gadadgmisgan Tavs ikavebda. uwmidesi kalistrate albaT ver

ifiqrebda, sveticxovelSi mis mier dalocvili axalgazrda iqneboda is

momavali patriarqi, romlis dauRalavi mecadineobiT 1990 wels konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqo aRiarebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

istoriul avtokefalias.

4. sakaTalikoso sabWos wevroba, mRvdelmTavrobis xana

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe 1917 wlis 17 seqtembridan saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos wevri iyo. igi monawi-

leobda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqe-

bis kirion II, leonidis, ambrosis, qristefore III arCevnebSi da patriarqe-

bis kurTxevaSi. sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdomebi imarTeboda kviraSi erTxel,

xuTSabaTobiT, romlis muSaobaSi monawileobda 12 wevri. sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqis an misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi mosaydris

TavmjdomareobiT. sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdomebze ixileboda da xmaTa

umravleosobiT wydeboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-

siis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebi. dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe, rogorc

niWieri sasuliero piri didi gavleniT sargeblobda sakaTalikoso sabWo-

Si. 1921 wlis 21 Tebervals, roca bolSevikuri saokupacio jarebi Tbiliss

uaxlovdebodnen saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos saxeliT dekanozma ka-

listrate cincaZem aseTi Sinaarsis weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros: `gTxovT, saSualeba mogvceT rkinigzis dasacavad

quTaisSi gaxiznul saxelmwifo banks CavabaroT saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoriul-arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis ganZeuloba. sakaTalikozo sabWo

dasZens, rom ganZeulobas quTaisSi gahyveba ori kaci~.31 dekanozi kalistra-

te cincaZe erTaderTi iyo sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs Soris, romelmac

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq leonids ar urCia Tbilisis da-

toveba da gansacdelis Jams TanamemamuleTa mitoveba. 1921 wlis 12 martis

sakaTalikoso sabWos dadgenilebiT droebiT mmarTveloba eklesiisa daeva-

la episkopos piros oqropiriZes, magram igi Telavidan TbilisSi ver Camo-

dioda da sakaTalikoso sabWos faqtiurad dekanozi kalistrate cinca-

Ze xelmZRvanelobda. 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlidan 12 aprilamde dro mis cxov-

rebaSi iyo erT-erTi yvelaze umZimesi xana. bolSevikuri saokupacio xeli-

sufleba sastikad devnida yovelive erovnulis gamovlinebas.

maT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1921 wlis 15 aprilis revkomis

sagangebo dekretiT iuridiuli statusis armqone organizaciad gamoacxa-

des. daiwyo saeklesio siwmideTa dataceba, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva,

sasuliero pirebis dapatimreba. dekanozma kalistrate cincaZem Tavis Tavze

miiRo bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis pirveli dartymebi.

rogorc saarqivo masalebidan irkveva, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWo, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

ambrosis xelmZRvanelobiT energiul winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen bolSevikuri

saokupacio xelisuflebis antiqarTul politikas. amis dasturi iyo 1922

wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTauris uwmidesi

ambrosis mier genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze saokupacio xelisufle-

bis mamxilebeli werilis gagzavna. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

ierarqebma icodnen ra mZime xvedri elodaT bolSevikebis aseTi mxilebis

gamo, magram mainc wavidnen Segnebulad am nabijze, raTa TavisuflebisaTvis

mebrZoli xalxisaTvis Tavdadebis magaliTi miecaT. 1923 wlis 12 ianvars

saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiam (~Ceka~) miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebis, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi ambrosis dapatimrebis Sesa-

xeb. dapatimrebulTa Soris iyo dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe. bolSevikur

presaSi ibeWdeboda Seuracxmyofeli werilebi dapatimrebul sasuliero pi-

rebze `wmida mamaTa uwminduri saqmeni~, `uwmidesi kontrrevolucia~. 1924

wlis 17 Tebervals gaz. `muSa~ werda: `xiStebiT mohyavT sasuliero pirebi...

`mwuxarebiT Seicvala `wmida mamaTa~ sixaruli, simwrisagan iRriales, ros

ixiles xiSti mtruli~. sasamarTlo procesze dascinodnen sasuliero pi-

rebs. maT samSoblos moRalateebs eZaxdnen sazogadoebrivi bralmdeblebi:

oqoevi, orzumelovi, varlamovi. dekanozma kalistrate cincaZem sasamarT-

los gamarTvamde saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos

Tavmjdomares mimarTa gancxadebiT: `varT datusaRebulni 1923 wlidan Cekas

mier da vimyofebiT #2 gamasworebeli saxlis saknebSi, rva Tvis wamebis

Semdeg gadagviyvanes #1 gamasworebel saxlSi. aq gavigeT rom vimyofebiT

uzenaesi sasamarTlos bralmdeblis gankargulebaSi, magram Cven aravin

dagvkiTxa~.32 kalistrate cincaZe sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarisgan moiTxovda

damcvelis daniSvnas sabraldebo daskvnis gacnobas, sapatriarqos kancela-

riaSi braldebis gamabaTilebeli sabuTebis moZebnis saSualebis micemas,

magram sasamarTlos yvelaferi winaswar hqonda gadawyvetili. maT surdaT

saCvenebeli procesis gamarTva da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

Rirseuli sasuliero pirebis samagaliTod dasja. uwmidesi kalistrates

saarqivo masalebSi daculia 1924 wlis martSi sasamarTlos sxdomebze misi

dakiTxvis detalebi. sasamarTlos sxdomebs Tavmjdomareobda g. CxeiZe, wev-

rebi: v. wivwivaZe, m. rTveliZe.

mosamarTle _ rodidan xarT arCeuli sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrad?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ 1917, 1920, 1921 wlebSi.

mosamarTle _ rodis gaecaniT memorandums?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ maSin roca daistamba sabWoTa presaSi.

mosamarTle _ ra azrisa xarT memorandumis gagzavnaze?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ radgan igi gagzavnilia Cemi mRvdelmTav-

ris, misi uwmidesobis mier me saeklesio kanoniT ver daviwuneb.

mosamarTle _ ratom iyo sakaTalikoso sabWo winaaRmdegi samxedro

taZris xelisuflebisaTvis gadacemisa?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ diax, sakaTalikoso sabWo ver scnobda

TavisTvis SesaZleblad daeTmo taZari ara sarwmunoebrivi miznebisaTvis,

mas ar SeeZlo yofiliyo Tavisi warmomadgenlebis saxiT iq, sadac Selaxu-

li iqneboda misi sindisi. ar SeeZlo gamxdariyo Tavis sakuTari nebiT

mowmed im wmida trapezis moSla-danergvisa, romelsac is mokrZalebiT

scemda Tayvans. es SeuZlebloba miT ufro marTebuli iyo, rom is savsebiT

gamomdinareobda Cveni respublikis mTavrobis 1921 wlis #21 dekretisgan,

romlis meoTxe muxliT uzrunvelyofilia saqarTvelos moqalaqis sindisis

Seulaxveloba.

mosamarTle _ samxedro taZari jer kidev xom dekanoz a. ToTibaZis xel-

Si iyo da ratom ar unda daswreboda igi mis Cabarebas?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ Tu maincdamainc gindaT Cemgan pasuxi, mo-

gaxsenebT: dekanoz a. ToTibaZes ibarebdnen taZris Cabarebaze 12 ianvars. ta-

Zari ki faqtiurad 7 ianvars Sobis wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg CamorTmeuli

iyo. Sobis dRes, roca taZari savse iyo mlocvelebiT, eklesiaSi Sevidnen

qudiT Tavze da papirosiT pirSi TofiT SeiaraRebuli axalgazrdebi, daya-

res proklamaciebi, maT Soris xatebzec... eklesiaSi Seiqmna aur-zauri,

zogierT mandilosnebs gulic SeuwuxdaT. miuxedavad amisa, SeiaraRebulni

ganagrZobdnen eklesiaSi xmaurs... saRamos 17 saaTze, roca moZRvari a. ToTi-

baZe saRamos locvis Sesasruleblad taZris ezoSi Sevida, alayafis kari

daketili daxvda. iq mdgomma SeiaraRebulma muSakma gamoucxada: sul erTia

eklesiaSi ver SexvalT, igi dabeWdiliao. marTlac im Rames komkavSirlebma

taZris ezoSi gadaixades TavianTi Soba. 8 ianvars dilis 10 saaTze me

TviTon davinaxe, rom taZris gumbaTis jvars Semoaxvies dolbandi. galavni-

sa da eklesiis karze wiTeli droSebi RvTismgmobi warwerebiani lentebi

gadmokides. TavisTavad cxadia, rom SeiaraRebuli muSaki ar uSvebda ekle-

siis ezoSi sasuliero pirebs da morwmuneebs. amrigad, taZari da is qoneba,

romelic taZarSi iyo faqtiurad CamoerTva dekanoz ToTibaZes 7 ianvars...

amis Semdeg ra azri eqneboda mis daswrebas 12 ianvris mowvevaze. 1921 wlis

revkomis #21 dekretis Tanaxmad iuridiulad yvela taZari da maTi qoneba

ekuTvnis saxelmwfios da imyofeba sabWoTa xelisuflebis gankargulebaSi.

mosamarTle _ ratom samRvdeloebam ar gaasamarTla kaTolikosi politi-

kaSi CarevisaTvis?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ kaTalikosi Tavia ara marto samRvdeloe-

bis, aramed eklesiis, romelic Sedgeba morwmuneTa da samRvdeloebisagan,

samRvdeloebis nawili varT Cven, vinc ai, aq vzivarT, xolo morwmuneTa na-

wili yvela Tqven, vinc am darbazSi brZandebiT. kaTalikosis gasamarTleba

ki SeuZlian mxolod saeklesio krebas, sruliad saqarTvelos morwmuneTa

da samRvdeloebis warmomadgenelTa da isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kaTalikosma

uRalata zneobisa da sarwmunoebis dogmatebs. an kidev saeklesio discip-

linis ZiriTad principebs. politikaSi CarevisaTvis ki, Tu aseT SemTxvevas

eqneba adgili veravin gaasamarTlebs kaTalikos-patriarqs, gansakuTrebiT

amJamad, roca eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan.

mosamarTle _ kaTalikos ambrosis memorandumi politikuri Sinaarsisaa

Tu moraluris?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ es mkiTxvelzed aris damokidebuli. po-

litikoss is politikur aqtad SeuZlian CaTvalos, moralists ki moralu-

rad. arsebobs wmida moraluri mcneba `ara kac-kla~, romelic moraliste-

bis azriT mosawoni da savaldebuloa, xolo politikosTa azriT, arc mo-

sawoni da arc savaldebulo.

mosamarTle _ unda Seasrulon Tu ara samRvdeloebam mTavrobis mier ga-

mocemuli kanonebi?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ samRvdeloebam, rogorc sxva moqalaqeeb-

ma, ueWvelad unda Seasrulon mTavrobis mier gamocemuli kanonebi, romel-

nic ar ewinaaRmdegebian RvTismcnebas da morwmuneTa sindiss.

mosamarTle _ Tu mainc aseTi kanonebi gamosca mTavrobam, ras izamT?

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe _ mokrZalebiTa da pativiscemiT movaxseneb-

di mTavrobas Tu ratom ver (da ara) vasruleb mis mier gamocemul kanons

da viTxovdi ganveTavisuflebine am kanonis Sesrulebisagan. Tu mTavroba

Seiwynarebda Cems Txovnas xom kargi, Tu arada ganvemzadebodi jvarzed

sacmelad~.33 axda misi sityvebi, jvarcma mouwyo bolSevikurma sasamarTlom.

mas miusaja 3 weli, 9 Tve, 23 dRe sastiki izolaciiT qonebis konfiskaciiT.

metexis cixeSi myofi sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebs sakvebsac ar aZlevdnen,

eqimebs ar uSvebdnen dauZlurebul avadmyofebTan. dekanozi kalistrate

gulistkiviliT mimarTavda mosamarTles _ mqonda Svilebis naxvis ufleba,

CamomerTva da ratom? _ sabWoTa xelisuflebas surda moralurad gaetexa

isini. àprilis dasawyisSi _ werda dekanozi kalistrate _ metexSi damiba-

ra gamomZiebelma da winadadeba momca Semetana gancxadeba: vinaidan sakaTa-

likoso sabWoSi adgili hqonda mravalnair borotmoqmedebas, amisaTvis ar

msurs iq samsaxuri da Tavs vanebeb sabWos wevrobas. Tu amgvar gancxadebas

SemoitanT xval an zeg gagaTavisuflebo~, gamomZiebels dekanozma kalist-

ratem aseTi pasuxi gasca _ Tavisufleba SeiZleba kacma moipovos TavisTa-

vis dabezRebiT? _ gamomZiebeli Tu ar Semoitan ijeqi metexSio~34 bolSevi-

kurma saokupacio xelisuflebis mier 1924 wlis agvistos erovnul-ganmaTa-

visuflebeli ajanyebis sisxlSi CaxSobisa da masobrivi represiebis Semdeg

gamoiCina `gulmowyaleba~ da 1925 wlis 10 marts sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi cixidan gaanTa-

visufla.

am dros saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia umZimes

mdgomareobaSi iyo. grZeldeboda administraciuli wesiT moqmedi eklesie-

bis daxurva, sasuliero pirebis Seuracxyofa, eklesiebidan gaZeveba.

xelisuflebam scada sasuliero wreebSi dapirispirebis inspirireba. maT

waaqezes rusul sinamdvileSi cnobili òbnavlencebis~ qarTuli nairsaxeo-

ba `reformebisa da ganaxlebis~ jgufis saqmianoba da gaaCaRes propaganda

TiTqos bolSevikuri xelisufleba mxolod àntisabWour poziciaze myof

sakaTalikoso sabWos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq uwmides

ambrosis da sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebs upirispirdeboda, rac Seexeboda

im samRvdeloebas, vinc sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan iTanamSromlebda yvela-

nairad xels Seuwyobdnen sabWoTa mTavrobis mier deklarirebuli sindisis

Tavisuflebis pirobebSi TavianTi religiuri survilis aRsrulebaSi.

xelisuflebis am veragul gegmas samwuxarod, bevri sasuliero piri wamoe-

go da gaisma mowodebebi, Tu sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos arsebuli Semadgenlo-

ba gadadgeboda saqarTvelos eklesias eSveleboda. uwmidesi ambrosi

grZnobda Tu ra safrTxe emuqreboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel ekle-

sias, amitom man sTxova dekanoz kalistrate cincaZes daTanxmeboda

mRvdelmTavrad kurTxevas da ufro efeqturi daxmareba gaewia fizikurad

dasustebuli saWeTmpyrobelisaTvis.

Tbilisis olqis samRvdeloeba, qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi

sixaruliT Sexvdnen uwmidesi ambrosis survils mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi

aeyvana saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erT-erTi gamorCeuli

sasuliero piri kalistrate cincaZe. miuxedavad rTuli politikuri viTa-

rebisa 1925 wlis 31 oqtombers da 1 noembers qvaSveTis wmida giorgis saxe-

lobis eklesiaSi mravalricxovani sazogadoeba Seikriba. uwmidesi ambrosis

Tanamwirvelebi iyvnen episkoposebi: melqisedek alaverdeli, stefane bodbe-

li, pavle wilkneli. dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe akurTxes ninowmindel

episkoposad. uwmidesma ambrosim am sityvebiT mimarTa mas: `dRes Sen miiRe

umaRlesi Rirseba da xarisxi, guSin ki mieci RmerTs aRTqma, rom iSromo da

imoRvaweo am xarisxSi Tavganwirulad, mogilocav am xarisxs da gisurveb

zido igi aRTqmisebr Rirseulad, mogetanos Cveni dedaeklesiisaTvis is

sargebloba, romelsac is moelis Sengan amis garantia gvaqvs Cven warsuls

Sen saqmianobaSi. Seni moRvaweoba daiwyo Cveni eklesiis monobis dros, ma-

Sin, rodesac imis bed-iRbals ganagebdnen ruseTis sinodi da misgan dayene-

bulni, qarTuli enis armcodne egzarqosebi. Sen im monobis dros emsaxure-

bodi eklesiur avtokefaluri uflebebis aRdgenas, werdi avtokefaliis

Sesaxeb werilebsa da wignebs. mivaRwieT eklesiis Tavisuflebas... am dRidan

Seni Sroma da Rvawli eklesiis sakeTildReod yvelam kargad icis...

dRidan saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos daarsebisa Sen iyavi misi mud-

mivi, samive krebis mier arCeuli wevri da umTavresi pasuxismgebeli muSaki,

risTvisac bevri daumsaxurebuli usiamovnebanic gangicdia. bolo xanebSi,

roca Cemi janmrTeloba Seirya imdenad, rom intensiuri muSaoba ar SemeZlo

iZulebuli Seviqen momeZebna saimedo TanaSemwe, Cemi yuradReba Sen miipyari,

rogorc eklesiis erTgulma da misTvis Tavdadebulma muSakma, xolo Txov-

na, romliTac mogmarTe iyo araCveulebrivi, migeRo mRvdelmTavris xarisxi,

uargeyo ojaxuri siamovneba...

bolos aRvniSnav imas, rom mSobeli eklesia Tqven gajildoebs mitropo-

litis pativiT. aq gmarTebs keTilgoniereba, Tavmdabloba, gandidebis

survilis uaryofa. didia Sengan miRebuli Rirseba da pativi, magram kidev

ufro didia is iwroeba, Sroma, vaeba da wyena, romelic Sen mogelis. aq sa-

Wiroa moTminebiT atana yvela imisa, rac eklesiis keTildReobisaTvis usia-

movneba Segxvdeba cxovrebaSi. ramdenad amaRldebi imdenad ufro metad un-

da damdablde, aq aris namdvili sulieri simaRle~.35

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriaSi es iyo uiSviaTesi

SemTxveva. roca axalnakurTxi episkoposi imave dRes mitropolitis pativSi

ahyavdaT. sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva kalistrate cincaZem: `Tqven mogexse-

nebaT, rom wesi mRvdelmTavrad ganmzadebulis gancxadebisa Seicavs saja-

rod Tqmuls aRsarebas... neba miboZeT, mec aRviaro samRvdelo da saero

dasTa winaSe gulisa Cemis zraxvani! vinc micnobs, ueWvelad icis, rom

mRvdelmTavrobazed azri arc TavSi momsvlia da arc gulSi gamivlia: Cemi

moRvaweobis sarbieli Cemi ZalRonisaTvis sakmao da friad vrcelic iyo.

miuxedavad amisa, ukanaskneli naxevari wlis ganmavlobaSi Cveni eklesiis

gulSematkivarTagan, romelTa Soris pirveli Tqven brZandebiT, uwmideso

mamamTavari, TiTqmis yoveldRe mesmoda, itvirTe jvari mZime mRvdelmTavri-

sao, yvelas mokrZalebiTa da uariT gistumrebdiT...

raTa, risTvis?... didi mociquli pavle xom brZanebs: ukve visme episkopo-

zobis undes, keTilsa saqmesa guli etyviso.

diax, amas hbrZanebs wm. mociquli, magram TviTve dasZen,s jer ars episko-

pozisa, raTa ubralo iyos, frTxil, wmida, Semkul... swavlul... myudro,

uRalvel...

aRniSnuli Tvisebebi gana amSveneben winaSe Tqvensa mdgomaresa?.. gana am

TvisebaTa uqonlobas ar uCiodnen da amis gamo ar eridebodnen mRvdelmTav-

robas kacTa Soris bumberazni _ aTanase aleqsandrieli da basili kesarie-

li, grigol RvTismetyveli da ioane oqropiri?... maTTan SedarebiT ras

warmoadgens Tqvens mier mRvdelmTavrad ganmzadebuli?.. mtvers, ferfls da

nacars...

iyo meore mizezic: bevrma aqa myofma icis, rom 33 wlis ganmavlobaSi Cemi

uerTgulesi megobari da cxovrebis ganuyreli Tanamgzavri ucxo da Soreu-

li eris Svilia, rom Cemi gulisaTvis, man dasTmo deda da mama, dani da Zma-

ni, samSoblo mxare da megobarni, momendo me, Seiyvara da SeiTvisa Cemi eri

da Cemi eklesia, saukunis mesamedis manZilze iziarebda Cems lxinsa da uf-

ro xSirad Wirs da erTxelac ar mouyenebia CemTvis usiamovnebis aCrdi-

lic ki... nuTu SemeZlo me ganvSorebodi aseT adamians, rasac moiTxovs saek-

lesio kanonmdebloba, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac is ukve Sesulia moxu-

cebulobaSi da dRedaRam Tavs dastrialebs borotis seniT Sepyrobils

Cems asuls?

ara, da aTasjer ara!

iyo sxva mizezic. rogor Sexvdeboda Cems mRvdelmTavrobas saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis episkoposTa krebuli, Tbilisis samRvdeloeba,

romelTanac ise var arsebiTad dakavSirebuli, rom mis gareSe verc ki

warmomidgenia Cemi Tavi, Tbilisis morwmune eri, romelTa Soris viqceodi

sami aTeuli weliwadi, da Cveni eklesiis uzenaesi organo sakaTalikozo

sabWo?..

es CemTvis gamorkveuli ar iyo... maS, ram, an vin gamabedvina mosvla winaSe

Tqvensa?

erTis mxriv, mociqulTa Soris Tavma, romelic ityvis: Zali uflisa uZ-

lurebasa Sina srul iqmnebiso, meores mxriv, Cemi cxovrebis Tanamgzavris

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisadmi siyvarulma da uzomo pativiscemam _

gaigo Tu ara Cveni eklesiis gulSematkivarTa bejiTi survili, man gadmom-

ca: Tu mSobeli eklesia moiTxovs Sengan axal pirobebSi samsaxurs, Sen,

Tanaxmad macxovris mcnebisa, unda dautevo colica da Svilic, aRiRo gva-

ri Tvisi da Seudge ufalsa: romeli ara iviwyebs cis mfrinvelTa da velis

SroSanTa, ar mogvaklebs Tavis mowyalebas Cvencao...

amasTan erTad gamoirkva, rom saqarTvelos episkoposTa krebuli, morwmu-

ne eri da sakaTalikozo saxli Cem mier daumsaxurebeli TanagrZnobiT

Seegebnen Tqveni uwmidesobis survils. xolo Tbilisis samRvdeloeba srul

ndobasa da Tavdadebul TanamSromlobas aRuTqvams Cems uRirsebas...

ra unda meqna yovelive amis Semdeg, Tu ara movsuliyavi. winaSe Tqvensa

da simdabliT momexsenebina: morCil var brZanebas, Tqvenisa da ara ras mci-

resa winaaRmdgomsa vityvi...

garna, es kidev ar niSnavs, rom Cems Tavs vTvlide savsebiT ganmzadebu-

lad mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis: me kidev vsaWiroeb Tqvens brZnul rCevasa da

darigebas, xelmZRvanelobasa da gansakuTrebiT locva-vedrebiasa. amisaTvis

kadnierebiT gTxovT: aw da maradis evedreniT mas, romeli uZlurTa hkur-

nebs da naklulovanTa aRavsebs gardamoavlinos Cemzeda madli sulisa wmi-

disa da momaniWos Zali da simxne winamdebarisa msaxurebisaTvis... amin~36

mRvdelmTavrad dadginebisas warmoTqmuli es sityva ar iyo Cveulebrivi

mWermetyvelebis nimuSi igi zustad asaxavda im realobas, romelSic imyofe-

boda mitropoliti kalistrate cincaZe.

qarTveli sazogadoebis damokidebuleba kargad gamoxata nestor Savdiam,

romelmac aRniSna _ `visurveb, rom Cvens eklesias da samSoblos mravlad

movlenodnen TqvenisTana RvTivgamobrZmedilni da madlmosilni mRvdelmTa-

vari da muSakni~.37

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

ambrosis gadawyvetilebiT 1925 wlis 11 noembridan ninowmindis mitropoli-

ti kalistrate dainiSna kaTolikos-patriarqis mudmiv mosaydred, mieniWa

bartyulaze jvris tarebis ufleba da mRvdelmTavarTa Soris RvTismsaxu-

rebis dros upiratesoba. mitropolit kalistrates uwmidesi ambrosis

avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi mieca ufleba saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos

saxelze Semosuli dokumentebis ganxilvisa. 1926 wlis 9 martidan mitropo-

liti kalistrate gaxda saeklesio xarisxis miRebis msurvelTa gamomcdeli

komisiis Tavmjdomare. movlenebis am saxiT ganviTarebas ar eloda arc sae-

ro xelisufleba da arc e.w. `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis re-

formebisa da ganaxlebis~ jgufis wevrebi. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarq uwmidesi ambrosis mier mosaydred mitropolit kalistrates ga-

mocxadeba `reformatorebis~ moTxovnebze uars niSnavda. bolSevikuri xeli-

sufleba agrZelebda antireligiur isterias. mosaxleobaSi qarTveli

samRvdeloebis saxiT mtris xats qmnida, apatimrebda sasuliero pirebs, ad-

ministraciuli wesiT sazeimo viTarebaSi auqmebda moqmed eklesia-monast-

rebs. revoluciuri himnebis fonze xdeboda eklesiebidan zarebis Camoxsna,

saeklesio wignebis, xatebis dawva. am dros imis nacvlad, rom momxdariyo

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelis, bolSevikuri

saokupacio xelisuflebisadmi Seurigebeli uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis, sakaTalikoso sabWos garSemo

sasuliero pirTa konsolidacia `reformatorebma~ ieriSi sakaTalikoso

sabWosa da uwmides ambrosize miitanes, maT ukanonod gamoacxades mitropo-

lit kalistrates mosaydreoba. am adamianebs daaviwydaT 1924 wlis agvisto-

Si quTaisSi datrialebuli tragedia, roca xelisuflebis brZanebiT

daxvrites quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava) da sasuliero pirebi,

daaviwydaT 800-mde gauqmebuli eklesia, da ganacxades, rom sabWoTa xeli-

sufleba iyo yvelaze humanuri xelisufleba da Tu is cudad eqceoda

saqarTvelos eklesias es imitom, rom antisabWoeli iyo uwmidesi da uneta-

resi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso

sabWos Semadgenloba, da gansakuTrebiT kaTalikosis mosaydre mitropoli-

ti kalistrate. oficialuri xelisuflebisagan waqezebulma e.w. `reforma-

torebma~ fexqveS gaTeles saeklesio ierarqiis principebi da uwmidesi da

unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis, sakaTali-

koso sabWos gverdis avliT 1926 wlis 26-27 dekembers quTaisSi moiwvies

saeklesio yriloba da miiRes Semdegi gadawyvetileba: `1. sruliad saqarT-

velos sakaTalikoso sabWos dRevandeli wevrebi, rogorc vadagasulebi

gadayenebul iqnan.. 2. saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos nacvlad arsdeba

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba mitropolit qristefores

TavmjdomareobiT. 3. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiT

mmarTvelobas evaleba Caibaros sakaTalikoso sabWos sabuTebi, Tanxebi, in-

ventari, sakaTalikoso sabWos kancelaria. 4. yvela is sasuliero Tanamde-

bobaze myofi pirni, romlenic ar daemorCilebian droebiT mmarTvelobas

daTxovnilad iTvlebian~.38

quTaisis krebam episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe mitropolitis xarisxSi aiyva-

na. marTalia uwmidesma ambrosim quTaisis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetileba

ukanonod gamoacxada, magram droebiTma mmarTvelobam saqarTvelos Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros daxmarebiT xelSi Caigdo sapatriarqos kancelaria,

oficialuri beWedi. yovelive es saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo

eklesiis mmarTvelobis sferoSi gadatrialebas moaswavebda. marTalia,

quTaisis saeklesio krebis monawileni morwmuneTa mimarT werilSi werdnen:

`yoveli morwmune qarTvelisaTvis cxadi unda iyos, Tu rogor satiral

mdgomareobaSia saqarTvelos eklesia da isic naTeli unda iyos, rom Tu

droze ar iqna miRebuli saWiro zomebi Cveni eklesia mTlianad ganadgurde-

ba. amis mizezia saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos utaqto moqmedeba, saek-

lesio kanonebis ugulebelyofa drosa da garemosaTvis angariSis gauwev-

loba. Cveni mizania `umTavresad saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis

normalur kalapotSi Cayeneba~,39 magram sinamdvileSi Seasrules xelisuf-

lebis dakveTa da faqtiurad Zalaufleba CamoarTves qarTveli xalxis

erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi interesebisaTvis Tavdadebul mebrZols, uwmi-

dessa da unetaress ambrosis. aseT viTarebaSi uazroba iyo mitropolit

kalistrates kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydreoba. amitom man 1926 wlis 30

dekembers uari ganacxada mosaydris Tanamdebobaze, `vinaidan davrwmundi,

rom is arev-dareva, romelic dRes sufevs Cvens eklesiaSi gamowveuli yofi-

la umTavresad Cem mier mosaydris movaloebis aRsrulebiT, pativiscemiT

vTxov sakaTalikoso sabWos airCios mosaydred sxva mRvdelmTavari, me ki

gamaTavisuflos xsenebuli movaleobis aRsrulebidan.~40 ganacxada man.

droebiTma mmarTvelobam siamovnebiT gaaTavisufla mitropoliti kalistra-

te mosaydris Tanamdebobidan, xolo 1927 wlis 12 ianvridan ninowmindis

eparqiis mmarTvevlobidan. datoves qaSueTis eklesiaSi rigiT mRvdlad, amis

Sesaxeb uwmidesi kalistrate sinanuliT aRniSnavda: `jer amikrZales saka-

Talikoso sabWoSi muSaoba, IV saeklesio krebaze ki miwveuli viyavi saTaT-

biro xmiT. `gakreWil~ mRvdlebTan Tanabrad, am krebam miiRo marTlmadide-

bel eklesiaSi uprecendento kanoni, episkoposi Tu igi asrulebs mxolod

samrevlo mRvdlis movaleobas swiravs filonSi, panaRiis gareSe~.41

1927 wlis 29 marts gardaicvala sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi uwmidesi da unataresi ambrosi. 21-27 ivniss IV saeklesio krebam

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad airCia cxum-afxazeTis mitro-

politi qristefore. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis axalma

saWeTmpyrobelma sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan `loialobisa da TanamSromlo-

bis~ kursi gamoacxada. ganaxlebis jgufis wevrebi varaudobdnen, rom amie-

ridan Sewydeboda saqarTvelos eklesiis devna-Seviwroeba, magram mwared

motyuvdnen. 1928 wlis 6 ianvris instruqciiT xelisuflebam moaxdina sasu-

liero pirebis registracia da maT dauwesa didi gadasaxadebi, grZeldebo-

da sasuliero pirebis dapatimreba, eklesia-monastrebis Zarcva-rbeva, kidev

ufro Seurigebelni gaxdnen religiis mimarT `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSi-

ris~ wevrebi, antireligiuri universitetis TanamSromlebi.

1931 wels i. stalini aRniSnavda: `xelisuflebas ar SeuZlia iyos neitra-

luri religiis mimarT. is awarmoebs antireligiur propagandas yovel da

yovelgvar religiur crurwmenaTa mimarT~.42 1931 wlisaTvis 1100-ze meti ek-

lesia iyo gauqmebuli da 1600-ze meti sasuliero piridan 300- iyo darCeni-

li. isinic mudmiv SiSs da terorSi imyofebodnen. qarTuli emigracia, inte-

ligencia guldawyvetili Sehyurebda rogor daTmo poziciebi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam, magram sxva gza ar iyo,

mitropoliti kalistrate aseT Canawers akeTebs am periodSi: `Zvelad samRv-

deloeba iyo inteligencia, maRali Segnebuli mowinave wre, igi xelmZRvane-

lobda xalxis ganaTlebis saqmeSic da sxva sazogadoebriv saqmeSic... Cven

axla xalxs vesaWiroebiT mxolod saeklesio wesis aRsrulebisaTvis... mTa-

varia rogorme sicocxle SevinarCunoT, rogorme eklesiebi dangrevas

gadavarCinoT, rogorme sarwmunoeba SevinaxoT~.43 mitropoliti kalistrate

iyo qaSueTis wm. giorgis sax. eklesiaSi. bunebrivia, sakaTalikoso sabWos

nacvlad Seqmnili axali organos, sasinodo plenumis wevrebi grZnobdnen,

rom mitropolit kalistrates daumsaxurebeli wyena miayenes. uwmidesma

qristeforem aseTi weriliT mimarTa: `Zmao da meufeo kalistrate Zalian

uxerxulia, rom Tqven mxolod samrevlo mRvdlis Tanamdebobaze gsurT

darCena. qaSueTSi... gTxovT SematyobinoT Tqveni azri, daTanxmdebiT Tu ara

miiRoT marTva-gamgeobaSi romelime eparqia~.44 mitropolitma kalistratem am

winadadebaze uari ganacxada. aseve uari Tqva sasinodo plenumis finansur

daxmarebaze `ramdenadac moulodnelia CemTvis, imdenad damakmayofilebelia

(zneobrivad) raRac Sroma gamiwevia, romelic eqvsi Tvis win ar Candao~45.

1928 wlis 8 ivliss sasinodo plenumis nacvlad SeqMNilma sakaTalikoso

sinodma mitropolit kalistrates manglisis eparqiis mmarTveloba Caabara.

1928 wlis 14 maiss misma yvelaze Seurigebelma oponentma mitropolitma da-

viTma (kaWaxiZe) aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: `mitropolit kalistrateze gajav-

rebuli viyavi da ase imitom viqceodio, sinamdvileSi mRvdelmTavarTa So-

ris pirvel adgilze vayeneb, me misTvis cudi ar minda, me pirveli veambore-

vi `qriste ars Cven Soris~.46 mitropolitma daviTma werilobiT moixada bo-

diSi mitropolit kalistrates winaSe. mitropoliti kalistratec rogorc

WeSmariti qristiani didsulovani da mimtevebeli iyo. igi Cveuli gulmod-

ginebiT Seudga saqmianobas. Tavis mravalmxriv codnas da gamocdilebas

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gadarCenis saqmes axmarda. sabed-

nierod `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ talRaze saqarTvelos eklesiis

saTaveSi mosulma sasuliero ierarqebma sworad gaiazres, rom xelisufle-

ba ar Sewyvetda eklesiis winaaRmdeg brZolas da nebismieri `reforma~

marTlmadideblobis dogmatikis TvalsazrisiT kidev ufro gaamwvavebda

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis SigniT viTarebas. amis TvalsaCino

magaliTi iyo saeklesio kalendris sakiTxi, roca 1927 wels miiRes gadawy-

vetileba saeklesio dResaswaulebis axali stiliT aRniSvnis Sesaxeb,

magram 1928 wels iZulebulni gaxdnen gaeuqmebinaT igi. sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTolikos-patriarqma qristefore III Tavis Tavze gamoscada bolSevi-

kuri xelisuflebis mTeli sisastike. roca xelisuflebis organoebma didi

gadasaxadebi dauwesa. Tu patriarqs uWirda gadasaxadebis gadaxda, ra dRe-

Si iqnebodnen eparqiebis sasuliero pirebi? aseT viTarebaSi mitropoliti

kalistrate mZime ukurnebeli seniT Sepyrobili patriarqis Semcvlelad

TviT iseTi adamianebisganac ki moiazreboda, romelTac is ar uyvardaT da

mZafr oponirebas uwevdnen mas.

5. pedagogiuri saqmianoba, qaSueTis

wm. giorgis eklesiis mSenebloba

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan, rogorc kie-

vis sasuliero akademiis kursdamTavrebuli ganaTlebuli sasuliero piri

aqtiur pedagogiur saqmianobas eweoda Tbilisis vaJTa pirvel gimnaziaSi,

maswavlebel qalTa skolaSi, levandovskis kerZo gimnaziaSi. aswavlida

saRvTo sjuls da moswavleTaTvis gasagebi eniT gadascemda masalas. misi

gakveTilebi gamoirCeoda patriotuli suliskveTebiT, amitom miuRebeliyo

egzarqosebisaTvis. man rogorc pedagogiuri sakrebulos wevrma daicva is

seminarieli studentebi, romelnic 1904 wels reqtoris winaaRmdeg

gamodiodnen. 1905 wlis 28 ianvars Tbilisis qalTa saeparqio saswavlebel-

Sic garusebis winaaRmdeg xma aRimaRles moswavleebma, aqac maT damcvelad

dekanozi kalistrate mogvevlina. xelisufleba yvelanairad cdilobda, xe-

li SeeSala misi pedagogiuri saqmianobisaTvis, magram amas ver axerxebda.

gasuli saukunis 50_70-ian wlebamde saqarTveloSi mravali gamoCenili, saxe-

lovani adamiani siamayiT ixsenebda Tavis Zvirfas pedagogs kalistrate

cincaZes.

Tbilisis qvaSveTis eklesia pirvelad VI saukuneSi auSenebiaT. meore ek-

lesia aSenda XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi givi amilaxvris RvawliT, magram

XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi taZari imdenad avariul mdgomareobaSi yofila,

rom gaCnda misi uecrad dangrevis saSiSroeba. uwmidesi da unetaresi ka-

listrate wignSi `qvaSveTis wmida giorgis eklesia TbilisSi~ dawvrilebiT

aRwerda rogor gaCnda 1897 wels axali taZris aSenebis idea. am mxriv ga-

morCeuli yofila dekanoz markoz tyemalaZis Rvawli, romelsac daurwmune-

bia egzarqosi flabiane, eklesiis mamulebis komitetis Tavmjdomare i. ami-

laxvari da misi moadgile n. arjevaniZe. markoz tyemalaZes amilaxvrisaTvis

mouxsenebia: `axali eklesia aSenebuli iqneba samTavisis eklesiis gegmiT,

romelic amilaxvris mama-papis aSenebuliao. es iama general amilaxvars da

gvipasuxa, Tu mag pirobas momcemT rogorc Tqven, ise egzarqosi, davTanxm-

debio~.47

uwmidesi kalistrate ganagrZobs _ axali eklesiis proeqti 1901 wels

Seadgina xuroTmoZRvarma l. bilfeldma, magram egzarqosma aleqsim proeq-

ti ar moiwona da misi gadakeTeba moiTxova. 1903 wlis 31 ianvars miiRes ga-

dawyvetileba droebiTi eklesiis gamarTvis Sesaxeb, romelic aaSenes da

akurTxes 1904 wlis 25 aprils.

~axali taZris saZirkvlis pirveli qvakuTxedi daido 1904 wlis 12 noem-

bers. taZris aSeneba itvirTa qvaSveTis eklesiis mamulebis gamge komitetma,

romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen taZris balavris Cayrisas samrevlos sa-

mi warmomadgeneli i. amilaxori (Tavmjdomare). a. muxran-batoni, n. arjevani-

Ze (mdivani), mRvdeli k. cincaZe, mRvdeli g. Cagunava, mRvdeli d. lazariSvi-

li da mnaTe p. kvirikaSvili. komitetis 1904 wlis 16 marts sxdomaze xuroT-

moZRvar samuSaoTa mwaroeblad mowveul iqna l. bilfeldi, romelmac Sead-

gina taZris gegma da xarjTaRricxva; mas mieniWa komitetis wevrobac.

aRmaSeneblad komitetma moiwvia saqarTvleoSi cnobili italieli teqniko-

si anJelo andreoletti, romelmac Tavis mxriv aRmaSenebel-xuroTmoZRvrad

daniSna arqiteqtori e. andreoletti. Senobis sazogado xelmZRvaneloba da

meTvalyureoba komitetma Caabara eklesiis winamZRvars k. cincaZes. amave

sxdomaze gadawyda taZris cokolis amaRleba rusTavelis gamziris donemde

da qvemo sarTulSi meore eklesiis mowyoba~.48 dekanoz kalistrate cincaZes

erTi dRiTac ar mouklia yuradReba mSeneblobisaTvis. 1910 wlis 31 seqtem-

bers moxda axladaSenebuli taZris kurTxeva, romelic Seasrula saqarTve-

los egzarqosma inokentim episkoposebis grigolisa da daviTis Tanamwirve-

lobiT. eklesiis kurTxevas mravalricxovani sazogadoeba daeswro. saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg pirveli

SemTxveva iyo, roca erovnul saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis tradiciebze da-

fuZnebuli aseTi SesaniSnavi eklesia aSenda TbilisSi, amaSi qaSueTis ekle-

siis winamZRvris kalistrate cincaZis wvlili gansakuTrebuli iyo. uwmides

kalistrates es eklesia gansakuTrebiT uyvarda, man Tavisi sasuliero

cxovrebis didi nawili xom am eklesiaSi gaatara. mRvdelmTavrad kurTxevis

Semdegac (1925 w.) kalistrate mitropoliti qaSueTis eklesiis winamZRvrad

darCa, miuxedavad imisa, rom sakaTalikoso sabWos gadawyvetilebiT jer iyo

ninowmindeli, xolo Semdeg manglel mRvdelmTavrad dadginebuli. bolSe-

vikuri saokupacio xelisufleba 1924 wels dekanoz kalistrate cincaZes

edaveboda qaSueTis eklesiis ganZeulobis gadamalvas, romelic xelisufle-

bas sWirdeboda gasayidad da damSeulTaTvis sursaTis SesaZenad. gasuli

saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, roca antireligiuri propaganda kidev ufro

gaZlierda axali ZaliT daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis administraciuli we-

siT daxurva. safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda qaSueTis wm. giorgis eklesia.

gamoCndnen adamianebi, romelnic urCevdnen saqarTvelos kp(b) centralur

komitets daengriaT qaSueTis eklesia, romlsac maTi azriT araviTari is-

toriuli Rirebuleba ar hqonda. iyo qaSueTis eklesiis adgilze higienis

saxlis (abanos) aSenebis proeqti.

uwmidesma kalistratem 1938 wlis 31 agvistos sagangebo weriliT mimarTa

saq. kp(b) centraluri komitetis mdivans l. berias. werilSi saubari iyo

imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos siZveleTa komitetis mier eklesia ayvanili

iyo aRricxvaze `kadnierad mivaqcev ra Tqvens ganaTlebul yuradRebas

zemoaRniSnulzed, pativiscemiT gTxovT gankargulebas qvaSveTis samrevlos

sargeblobaSi datovebisaTvis~.49 uwmidesi kalistrates am gancxadebaze aris

l. berias minaweri: gTxovT gvacnoboT arsebobs Tu ara raime oficialuri

wyaro qvaSveTis eklesiis daxurvis Sesaxeb~. amis Semdeg Sewyda miTqma-moTq-

ma am didebuli taZris SesaZlo dangrevaze. iqneb am sakiTxTan saerTod ar

aris kavSirSi, magram erTi sayuradRebo faqtic unda aRvniSnoT. lavrenti

berias deda marTa jayeli Rrmad morwmune adamiani iyo. igi sistematurad

dadioda sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi da saaTobiT idga sionis RvTismSob-

lis xatTan sanTliT xelSi. gansvenebulma qalbatonma babo dadianma miambo

_ gadasaxlebidan dabrunebis Semdeg sionis eklesiaSi RvTismSoblis

xatTan muxli moviyare da daviwye locva. cota xanSi viRacam mxarze xeli

damado, avixede da saxtad davrCi, es iyo l. berias deda- marTa jayeli,

romelmac miTxra _ Svilo, vici Sen ra ubedurebac gadagxda, magram

lavrentis verafers vTxov, mainc arafers damijerebs... iloce RmerTi giSve-

lis...~

uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma

kalistratem 1947 wels qaSueTis eklesiis moxatvis winadadeba SesTavaza

cnobil qarTvel mxatvars lado gudiaSvils. mravali xelisSemSleli pi-

robebisa da usiamovnebebis miuxedavad moxerxda sakurTxevlis moxatva. l.

gudiaSvili mogonebebSi ase axasiaTebda uwmides kalistrates `igi didebu-

li adamiani iyo. patrioti, ganaTlebuli, istoriis, saeklesio mxatvrobis

SesaniSnavi mcodne... uaRresad kacTmoyvare... me igi ise momwonda, rom misi

saxe freskaSi erT-erT mociqulad Cavxate... mas es Zalian esiamovna.~50

6. kaTolikos-patriarqobis xana

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis qristefore III-is gardacva-

lebis Semdeg 1932 wlis 10 ianvars sagangebod Seikriba sakaTalikoso sino-

di, romelsac eswrebodnen mitropolitebi: simeoni (WeliZe), varlami (maxa-

raZe), melqisedeki (fxalaZe), daviTi (kaWaxiZe), episkoposebi: pavle (jafari-

Ze), nestori (yubaneiSvili), aleqsi (gersamia), efremi (sidamoniZe). sinodma

erTxmad miiRo gadawyvetileba mitropolit kalistrates sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred gamorCevis Sesaxeb, xolo 1932

wlis 21 ivniss saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis me-6 krebaze igi

arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad. 24 ivniss sve-

ticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi moxda misi aRsaydreba. sazogadoebisaTvis

saintereso iqneba quTaTeli mitropolitis, uwmidesi kalistrates yvelaze

Seurigebeli oponentis daviT kaWaxiZis pozicia, romelic werda: `aba, erTi

Tvali gadavavloT Cven warsul saeklesio cxovrebas am ukanaskneli ormo-

ci wlis ganmavlobaSi. romeli sasuliero piris saxeli ufro xSirad, uf-

ro meti pativiscemiT ixseniebda Cven wreSi? vin iyo is, romelmac Jurnal

`mwyemsSi~ moaTavsa statia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalobis Sesaxeb im

dros, roca jer am sagnis Sesaxeb Cven Soris araviTari laparaki ar yofi-

la da romlis gamo am Jurnalis redaqtorma daviT RambaSiZem egzarqos

vladimerisagan risxva miiRo? vin iyo is, romelmac dinji, safuZvliani, mec-

nieruli pasuxi gasca ruseTis eklesiis sinodis moxeles samuilovs da mis

TanamoazreT, romelnic saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonier avtokefalias uarh-

yofdnen? vin iyo is, romelmac Seadgina sagnis amomwuravi sapasuxo ��

ruseTis patriarqis tixonis saqarTvelos kaTolikosisadmi epistoles

Sesaxeb?... vin iyo is, romelic werda saqarTvelos uzenaes saero da sasu-

liero mTavrobisadmi sabuTian moxsenebebs saqarTvelos eklesiisa da

samRvdeloebis ama Tu im saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb? vin aris is, romelsac avto-

ritetni kaTalikosnic ki, rogorebic iyvnen kirioni da leonidi angariSs

uwevdnen, vin aris, is romelsac saqarTvelos inteligencia Tavidanve arCev-

da da dResac maRla ayenebs qarTvel samRvdeloebaSi? es aris kalistrate,

inteleqtuali da moqmedebiTac upiratesi, SeiZleba zogierTi CvenTagani

yvelafers misi msoflmxedvelobisas ar iziarebdes, magram cxadze ucxade-

sia, rom igi Cven Soris pirvelia Tavisi WkuiT, codniT, ganviTarebiT,

saqmianobiT, gamocdilebiT~51 qarTveli sazogadoebriobis saukeTeso

warmomadgenlebi sixaruliTa da aRtacebiT Sexvdnen saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiisaTvis umZimes dros, rom misi saWeTmpyrobeli gaxda uwmi-

desi kalistrate. es azri kargad gaaxmovana mariam jambakur-orbelianma

`Tqveno uwmidesobav _ uzomod vwuxvar, rom yvelafers mowyvetilma, droze

ver gavige sasixarulo ambavi Tqveni sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqad arCevisa da kurTxevis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos SvilTa saerTo

sixaruls mec _ mimarTavda igi uwmides kalistrates _ siamovnebiT vuerT-

debi da viziareb saqarTvelos SvilTa saerTo sixaruls, bednieri var, rom

Cvenma eklesiam Tqvenebri Rvawlmavali da Rirseuli saWeTmpyrobeli moipo-

va~.52

Caiara milocvebma, pirveli dReebis sixarulma, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi mkacri realobebis winaSe dadga. 1937 wels moqmed eklesiaTa

raodenoba 300-dan 187-mde, xolo sasuliero pirTa 200-mde Semcirda. 1940

wels moqmedi eklesiebi 15, sasuliero pirebi 128-mde Semcirda. xelisufle-

ba agrZelebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Seviwroebis poli-

tikas. arasasurvel sasuliero pirebs fizikurad uswordebodnen, sikvdi-

liT dasajes: `1. besarion vaSaZe, 2. mixeil naneiSvili, 3. ioseb mirianaSvi-

li, 4. ilarion oqropiriZe, 5. giorgi epitaSvili, 6. ivane CitaZe, 7. ermile

gogoliSvili, 8. ivane qaaZe, 9. malaqia wiklauri, 10. samson mZinariSvili, 11.

spiridon keTilaZe, 12. romanoz CixlaZe, 13. nestor RonRaZe, 14. ioane bobo-

xiZe, 15. prokofi CigogiZe, 16. giorgi darCia. 17. elizbar anCabaZe, 18. giorgi

wulaia, 19. ioane fanculaia, 20. apolon afxaiZe, 21. nikoloz beSqeniZe.

gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvalnen: 1. giorgi maWavariani, 2. nikoloz

oqromWedliSvili, 3. arsen janeliZe. 4. nestor

jalaRonia, 5. aleqsandre cqifuriSvili. 6. eqvTime naneiSvili.~53 represiebi

grZeldeboda, gadaasaxles episkoposi efremi (sidamoniZe), mitropoliti

varlami (maxaraZe), rusTa samrevlos dekanozi ivane lozovoi, arqidiakoni

ambrosi (axobaZe). SiSsa da momavlis uimedobam daisadgura sasuliero pir-

Ta Soris. amas emateboda XIX saukunis II naxevris Taobis bunebrivi gziT

kleba. axali Taoba, bolSevikuri antireligiuri propagandisa da administ-

raciuli zewolis pirobebSi sasuliero pirobaze uars ambobda. aseT viTa-

rebaSi ra unda gaekeTebina uwmidessa da unetares kalistrates? man ro-

gorc didma sasuliero moRvawem, Tavisi saqmianoba ase warmarTa: `1. sabWo-

Ta saxelmwifos oficialuri sakanonmdeblo dokumentebis meSveobiT,

romelnic formalurad mainc aRiarebda rwmenis Tavisuflebas, daiwyo

brZola eklesia-monastrebis administraciuli wesiT daxurvis, ngrevisa da

Zarcvis procesis SesaCereblad. 2. xelisuflebis mier saeklesio pirebisa

da moqmedi eklesiebis sulisSemxuTveli sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis

Semsubuqebis mcdeloba. 3. sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan loialobisa da

TanamSromlobis kursis SenarCuneba. 4. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiisaTvis iuridiuli statusis miniWebisa da msoflio marTlmadidebe-

li samociuqlo eklesiebis mier misi avtokefaliis aRiarebis miRweva. 5. ek-

lesiasa da sazogadoebas Soris warmoSobili gaucxoebis mospoba~.54

uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem daiwyo uTanasworo brZola bolSe-

vikuri xelisuflebis ideologiuri manqanis winaaRmdeg. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebSi gaxSirda `daudgeneli~ borotmoqme-

debis mier eklesiis monastrebis Zarcva, sasuliero pirTa mkvlelobebi,

darbeul iqna SiomRvimis, beTaniis, kabenis monastrebi. saqarTvelos adgi-

lobrivi partiuli liderebis mier eklesia-monastrebi da moqmedi sasulie-

ro pirebi dabegril iqnen im normiT, rogorc es xdeboda ruseTSi. ruseTis

eklesiaSi erT eparqias imdeni samrevloebi hqonda, ramdenic sul iyo

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, amitom Tu iq ar

uWirdaT gadasaxadebis gadaxda, saqarTveloSi umZimesi viTareba iyo Seqmni-

li. uwmidesi kalistrate Tavis mimarTvebSi amxelda xelisuflebis vera-

gul politikas. ra savalalo mdgomareoba unda yofiliyo qveyanaSi, roca

Tbilisis kirovis raionis finansuri inspeqciis inspeqtori sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs aseTi Sinaarsis ultimatums uyenebda

`Tu dawesebul gadasaxads ar gadaixdiT, sakiTxi gatanil iqneba aRmasru-

lebeli komitetis sxdomaze, sionis taZris xelSekrulebis gauqmebisa da

daxurvis Sesaxeb~.55 warmovidginoT ra viTareba iqneba am mxriv saqarTvelos

eparqiebSi, roca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobels

sapatriarqo taZars arTmevdnen. uwmidesma kalistratem sagangebo depeSebi

gagzavna moskovSi sabWoTa kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis Tavmjdo-

maris m. kalininis, ssr kavSiris Sinsaxkomis Tavmjdomaris l. berias saxe-

lebze da iTxova daxmareba. amave dros saqarTvelos ssr finsaxkomis

Tavmjdomares k. cimakuriZes acnoba:. `pativiscemiT gTxovT, ineboT gankar-

guleba, raTa moskovidan pasuxis mosvlamde ar iqnas miRebuli araviTari

agresiuli xasiaTis zomebi sionis taZris mimarT~.56 xelisuflebis adgilob-

rivi warmomadgenlebi Seuvalni iyvnen moTxovnaSi. uwmidesi kalistrate

sagangebod audienciaze mivida umaRlesi sabWos saqmeTa mmarTvel mirianaS-

vilTan `gamovcxadi or saaTze _ werda igi. ar mimiRo, mdivan daviTaSvils

daabara Tqvens gancxadebaze. Tavmjdomarem uari eTqvaso.57

miuxedavad aseTi damcirebisa uwmidesi kalistrate farxmals ar hyrida.

Tbilisis qalaqis aRmasrulebeli komitetisadmi gagzavnil vrcel ganmar-

tebaSi naTels hfenda sionis sapatriarqo taZris garSemo Seqmnil viTare-

bas. `1932 wlamde, sionis eklesiis Senobisa da rentis gadasaxadi ar

gadauxdia (arc mouTxoviaT), Tumca rogorc SemdegSi aRmoCnda, gadasaxadi

maT Sewerili hqonia. 1933 wels momivida uwyeba, rom davalianeba iyo 10,325

maneTi. Cems Suamdgomlobaze cakis aRmasrulebelma komitetma imave wlis 27

noembris dadgenilebiT sionis eklesias mouxsna sauravi da moiTxova Ziri-

Tadi gadasaxadi. es fuli mxolod 1938 wels gadavixadeT usaxsrobis gamo.

axla viTxovT m. kalininisa da l. berias pasuxamde SeaCereT Tqveni moTxov-

nebi~.58 rogorc Cans xelisuflebas arafris gagoneba ar surda. 1940 wlis 19

marts uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-

ma kalistratem sagangebo weriliT mimarTa saq. kp (b) ck-is mdivans k.

Carkvians. `samsaxurebriv da sindisis movaleobad vTvli mogaxsenoT Semde-

gi: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia uZvelesi kulturuli dawesebu-

lebaa CvenSi. man sulierad gamozarda Cveni xalxi, gadaarCina gaTaTrebas

da garusebas, SeunarCuna sakuTari erovnuli saxe. dogmaturi swavliT igi

ar gansxvavdeba sxva marTlmadidebel erovnebaTa eklesiisgan, magram sauku-

neTa manZilze mas gamoumuSavebia Taviseburi kilo kiTxvisa da galobisa,

werisa da wirva-locvis Sesrulebisa, rac piradi gadacemiT gadadis erTi

Taobidan meoreSi, radganac sagaloblebis mciredi nawilis garda yovelive

zemoTaRniSnuli notebze gadauRebelia da saTanado gamokvlevebSi aRu-

nusxveli. CvenSi ruseTis uwmidesi sinodi ara Tu ar awarmoebda kvleva-Zie-

biT muSaobas, aramed mis mier movlinebul `ganmanaTleblebis~ piriT gior-

gi xuces monazonisa da SoTa rusTavelis enas ZaRlis yefad Tvlida,

miqael modrekilis hangebs mgelTa xrovis ymuils uwodebda da `brZnulad~

gvirCevda rusuli sagaloblebis notebs miawereT qarTuli sityvebi da

eziareT kulturul xalxis RvTismsaxurebaso. miuxedavad imisa, rom ekle-

siis arseboba uzrunvelyofilia didi stalinis Suqmfrqveveli konstitu-

ciiT, Cvens eklesiis kars mosdgomia iseTi gansacdeli, romelsac SeuZlia

savsebiT mouRos bolo sul mokle xanSi _ saxeSi maqvs zogierTi fininspeq-

toris moqmedeba~59 sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi ka-

listrate werilSi dawvrilebiT aRnusxavda Tu romel eparqiaSi aiZules

sasuliero pirebi gadasaxadis gadauxdelobis sababiT sasuliero piroba

daetovebinaT. mRv. s. SublaZe, romelmac ver gadaixada gadasaxadi

gamocxadda urC gadamxdelad, sasamarTlos wesiT daxures petre-pavlesa da

mTavarangelozis eklesiebi quTaisSi. TianeTSi, dekanozi i. sisaurs,

adgilobrivma inspeqtorma daavala 500 maneTis, 80 kg. xorcis, 310 kg.

kartofilis, 9 kg. erbos, 7 kg. matylis gadaxda. Tavzardacemulma mRvdelma

maT 400 maneTi misca, danarCeni apaties im pirobiT Tu mRvdelobas Tavs

daanebebda. daWeris SiSiT dekanozma irodion sisaurma uwmidessa da

unetaress kalistrates mimarTa gancxadebiT samsaxuridan daTxovnis

Sesaxeb. (ganmosili irodion sisauri Semdeg rusulis maswavlebeli iyo

TianeTis raion sofel saydrionSi s.v.) duSeTSi, mRvdeli g. Coxeli, ukidu-

resad Seviwroebul iqnen Telavis, zugdidis, TeTriwyaros, siRnaRis, Cxaris

raionebSi sasuliero pirebi. uwmidesi kalistrate gulistkiviliT dasZen-

da: `finansTa saxkomis inspeqtorebis aseTi SeuzRudavi Tavisufleba ramde-

nime dReSi mouRebs bolos aTaseqvswlovans saqarTvelos eklesias, sanam

sabWoTa konstituciidan ar aris amoSlili 124-e muxli, nu iqneba xelovnu-

rad miCqmaluli da administraciuli wesiT ganadgurebuli saqarTvelos ek-

lesia, aRgvili pirisagan qveynisa qarTveli eris uZvelesi kulturis coc-

xali naSTi~.60

Seqmnil urTules pirobebSi uwmidesma kalistratem moaxerxa Zeglis

mcvelebad gaeformebina sasuliero pirebi zogierT eklesiaSi, magram es

saerTo mZime suraTs ver cvlida. viTareba imdenad savalalo Seiqmna, rom

sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi moqmedi sasuliero piri aRar darCa, Tu sasu-

liero piri patriarqTan erTad RvTismsaxurebaSi miiRebda monawileobas,

mas gadasaxadic unda gadaexada, magram is imdenad didi iyo, rom vercerTi

sasuliero piri ver moaxerxebda mis gadaxdas, maSin igi unda daeWiraT, ro-

gorc xelisuflebisadmi daumorCilebeli da misi ojaxidan iZulebis wesiT

unda amoeRoT gadasaxadis Tanxa... uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate

gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda, Tu 1921 wels saqarTveloSi 1450 moqmedi ekle-

sia iyo 1941 wlisaTvis misi raodenoba 15-mde Semcirda. esec ar ikmares

dRis wesrigSi dadga sveticxovlis daxurvis sakiTxi. es nabiji ukve

faqtiurad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gauqmebas niSnavda. 1941

wlis 3 marts uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem iTxova audencia saq. kp

(b) ck-is mdivanTan k. CarkvianTan, magram uSedegod. amitom iZulebuli gaxda

weriliT miemarTa misTvis. `daxurul eklesiaTa Soris _ werda misi uwmide-

soba _ aris msoflioSi saxelganTqmuli mcxeTis `sveticxoveli~, romelic

cnobilia ara marto imiT, rom iSviaTi istoriuli Zeglia, aramed umTavre-

sad imiT, rom is aris qarTveli eris akvani da embazi, Cveni xalxisa da

eklesiis uryevi tradiciiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mamadmTavris, kaTalikos-

patriarqis kurTxeva ueWvelad unda moxdes sveticxovelSi. amis gamo xsene-

buli taZris aramoqmed eklesiad gadaqceva pirdapiri nabijia aTeul sauku-

novan eklesiis damoukideblobis gauqmebisaken, rac erTis mxriv sababs mis-

cems Cven mter-moyvares axmaurdnen axalgazrda respublikis winaaRmdeg, xo-

lo meore, arasasiamovnod daurCeba Cvens xalxsac, miuxedavad misi Svile-

bis rwmenis sxvaobisa, Tu urwmunoebisa, eklesiis damoukidebloba erT-erTi

mTavari boZis TviT eris damoukideblobisa. es Segneba iyo mizezi imisa,

rom didmpyrobelurma ruseTis sinodma asi wlis ganmavlobaSi mravalfero-

vani ZaladobiT erTi wuTiTac ver dagvaviwya kaTalikos-patriarqis

funqciebis SeCereba, axla roca uamravi tanjva-vaebis, brZolis Semdeg

aRvadgineT Cveni eklesiis avtokefaloba, Cvenve gavauqmoT igi, misTvis, rom

mcxeTis raionis mesveurT dasWirdaT episkoposis bedSavi oTaxi? vfiqrob,

sanam sabWoTa kavSirSi moqmedebs didi stalinis brwyinvale konstitucia

da arsebobs rwmenisa da RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis Tavisufleba, qarTve-

lobaSic unda darCes mSobeli eklesiis mier gamomuSavebuli Tavisebureba,

maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavis, kaTolikos-patriarqis sveticxo-

velSi kurTxevis wesic. naTqvamidan cxadia, rom sveticxovlis moqmed Tu

aramoqmed taZrad gamocxadebas aqvs politikuri mniSvnelobac da sakiTxi

amis Sesaxeb, Tu dResdReobiT yvelasaTvis ar aris sagrZnobi mwvaved

wamoiWreba moxuc (75 w.) kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg. aseT

uxerxul mdgomareobaSi rom ar CavvardeT saWiroa, sanam sveticxovlis

daxurvis ambavi ar gaxmaurebula, misi gaxsna, miT umetes, rom igi daixura

adminis tradiciuli wesiT. daibares sveticxovlis winamZRvris moadgile

episkoposi tarasi kandelaki da ubrZanes 48 saaTSi binis ganTavisufleba

da taZris gasaRebis Cabareba, rac iseTi sisastikiT iqna Sesrulebuli, rom

gamoZevebulma taZridan sakuTari nivTebis gamotanis nebarTvac ver miiRo~.61

uwmidesi kalistrate aRniSnavda, rom adgilobrivi xelisufleba moiT-

xovda im odenobis gadasaxadis gadaxdas, rac SeuZlebeli iyo. igi moiTxov-

da sveticxovlis dauyovnebliv gaxsnas, episkopos tarasisaTvis kuTvnili

binis dabrunebas da usamarTlod Sewerili gadasaxadebis Camoweras. kiTxu-

lob am werilebs da yvelaferi gasagebi xdeba. uwmidesi kalistrate

faqtiurad martodmarto iyo am uTanasworo brZolaSi, magram roca saqme

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis

sakiTxebs exeboda es frTxili da TavSekavebuli kaci ukompromiso xdebo-

da. misi argumentebi iyo istoriul sabuTianobaze da xelisuflebisagan

deklarirebul sindisis Tavisuflebis principebze agebuli. misi saxiT

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva eparqiebSi Seviwroebuli samRvdeloeba sulier

patronsa da qomags xedavda. TviTon xelisuflebisagan ukiduresad Seviw-

roebuli, mainc TavdadebiT ibrZoda sasuliero pirebis gadasarCenad,

magram xSir SemTxvevaSi uZluri iyo, vinaidan gasuli saukunis 40-ian wleb-

Si rogorc Cans sabWoTa politikur xelmZRvanelobas gadawyvetili hqonda

religiis administraciuli wesiT gauqmeba da oficialurad qveynis aTeis-

tur saxelmwifod gamocxadeba. vfiqrob, SemTxveviTi ar iyo moskovis sapat-

riarqo taxtis vakanturoba (1943 wlamde), yovelTa somexTa kaTalikosis

xorenis sikvdiliT dasja (1938 w.), saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi

masobrivi represiebi, sveticxovlisa da sionis daxurvis mcdeloba. es faq-

tebi zemoTqmuli varaudis realobas amyarebs. xelisuflebis es ganzraxva

1941 wlis 22 ivniss sabWoTa kavSirze germanuli faSizmis Tavdasxmam CaSa-

la. XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisSi bolSevikuri

xelisuflebis umaRlesi liderebisa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis umaR-

lesi ierarqebis urTierTobis sakiTxebze msjelobisas adgili aqvs folk-

loruli masalis utyuar sinamdviled warmoCenis mcdelobebs, uwmidesi da

unetaresi kalistrate Tbilisis sasuliero seminariidan icnobda ioseb

stalins, magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia xelisuflebisaTvis aseT marwuxebSi

moeqca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia. jer kidev 1939 wlis dekem-

berSi uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem scada uSualod i. stalinTan

kontaqtze gasvla da dabadebidan 60 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT mas aseTi we-

rili gaugzavna: `Tqven siWabukiTganve ar scaniT Zili TvalTa, ruli wamTa

da gansveneba xorcTa tvirTmZimeTa da maSvralTa cremliTa mosaspobad,

amisaTvis madlierma erma dagsvaT ZlierTa TvisTa Soris da SegmosaT

dauWknobeli didebiT~.62 magram amis Semdeg iyo, rom dRis wesrigSi dadga

sveticxovlisa da sionis daxurvis sakiTxi.

sabWoTa kavSirze germanuli faSizmis Tavdasxmis Semdeg sabWoTa politi-

kuri xelmZRvaneloba mixvda, Tu qveynis mosaxleobis yvela fenis Zalisxme-

vas ar mimarTavda mtris winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, katastrofa gardauvali

iyo. amitom radikalurad Seicvala eklesiisadmi damokidebuleba. saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam miuxedavad xelisuflebisgan

Tavs damtydari represiebisa da Seviwroebisa, miiRo swori gadawyvetileba

sruli Tanadgoma da mxardaWera gamoucxada mas faSizmis winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis saxeliT oficialuri gancxadeba gaakeTa: `ra mohyva am veragul

SemoWras? pirvel yovlisa normaluri cxovrebis mimdinareobis Seferxeba,

auarebel moqalaqeTa sicocxlis mospoba Tu daWra-dasaxiCreba da welTa

ganmavlobaSi dagrovil nivTier saSualebaTa ganiaveba. Tavdamsxmelebs ga-

nuzraxavT CvenTvis orgvari ZRveni, sikvdili fizikuri da sikvdili zneob-

riv-gonebrivi. miviRebT Cven am ZRvens? nu iyofin!

maS, sayvarelno, am imediT mtkiced vdgeT Tavisuflebasa mas, romelTac

qristeman gangvaTavisufla Cven da nu kvalad uRelsa mas monebisasa. Tavs

videbT. aRviWurvoT Seuryeveli rwmeniT, rom ampartavanTa Semmusvreli,

moscems mxedrobasa Cvensa Zalas waradevnos Cvengan yovelni mterni~.63 uwmi-

desi kalistrates gancxadeba gamoqveynda qarTul da rusul presaSi, amas

mohyva ruseTis patriarqis mosaydris mitropolit sergis da yovelTa so-

mexTa kaTalikosis gevorq VI gancxadebebi, romelnic mxars uWerdnen sabWo-

Ta mTavrobas germanuli faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. Seqmnilma viTare-

bam sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvaneloba im daskvnamde miiyvana,

rom religiisadmi damokidebuleba radikalurad Seecvala. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi daiwyo Semowirulobebis Segroveba frontis

saWiroebisaTvis (Tbili tansacmeli, sursaTi, fuli) visac, risi SesaZleb-

lobac hqonda uangarod frontze wasuli meomrebisaTvis gaiRebda. moqmed

eklesia-monastrebSi aRevlineboda locvebi Cveni meomrebis janmrTelobi-

saTvis. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba

hqonda sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri da samxedro xelmZRvanelobis saxe-

liT ioseb stalinis depeSas. `Tbilisi, saqarTvelos kaTolikoss kalist-

rates, gTxovT gadasceT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos samRvdeloebas da

morwmuneT, romeliTac ori aTasi maneTi Seagroves saCuqrad gmir wiTel

armielebisaTvis. Cemi salami da wiTeli armiis madloba~.64 es depeSa gamoq-

veynda presaSi. antireligiuri moZraobis centraluri Tu regionaluri

organizaciebis xelmZRvanelobisaTvis cxadi gaxda xelisufleba sasulie-

ro pirebis devnas aRar mouwonebda, amitom maTi agresiuli politika reli-

giuri organizaciebisadmi SemgueblobiT Seicvala. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem am viTarebiT

kargad isargebla da xelisuflebas Txova administraciuli wesiT gauqme-

buli eklesiebis aRdgena, represirebuli sasuliero pirebis kvlav eklesii-

saTvis dabruneba. xelisuflebam gadadga Semxvedri nabijebi gadasaxlebi-

dan dabrunda ara erTi sasuliero piri. maT Soris mRvdelmTavrebi antoni

(gigineiSvili), efremi (sidamoniZe), ivane (lozovoi), arqidiakoni ambrosi

(axobaZe) da sxvebi... 1944 wlis 2 ivliss uwmidesma kalistratem episkopos

efremisgan aseTi Sinaarsis werili miiRo taSkentidan: `Tqveno uwmidesobav!

siyvaruliT mogesalmebiT da gisurvebT xangrZliv, janmrTel sicocxles.

lageridan me gamaTavisufles 21 ivniss. ukanaskneli adgili Cemi cimbiri

iyo. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis ufleba lagerSi ar momces, miTxres saqarT-

veloSi Tu geqneba gawveva, maSin waxvalo. axla Tqvenze damokidebuli Cemi

samSobloSi dabruneba... sad movewyobi ar vici, arc taSkentSi maZleven

cxovrebis uflebas, usaxsrod var~.65 uwmidesma kalistratem sagangebo we-

riliT mimarTa saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs avqsenti rafavas:

`gTxovT, nebas gamoviwvio TbilisSi mSobeli eklesiisaTvis saWiro efrem

episkoposi~.66

uwmidesi kalistrate sadResaswaulo dReebSi qadagebisas araerTxel Se-

xebia omisa da mSvidobis Temas: 1943 wlis 1 ianvars mimarTavda ra mrevls,

aRniSnavda: `axal wels aRvavlenT mxurvale locvas, raTa mianiWos diadsa

samSoblosa Cvensa gamarjveba verag mterzed, dagvibrunos janmrTelad dRe-

sa frontzed mebrZolni Cveni Svilebi, Zmebi da meuRleni, aRivsos qveyana

Cveni, saxlni Cvenni da gulni Cvenni siyvaruliT, sixaruliTa da keTilmsa-

xurebiT~.67 sabWoTa kavSiris centralur gazeTebSi xSirad ibeWdeboda uwmi-

desi kalistrates milocvebi i. stalinisadmi, romelic exeboda wiTeli

armiis warmatebebs, sabWoTa saiubileo dResaswaulebs. aqve saubari iyo im

SemowirulobaTa raodenobaze, romelic sistematurad grovdeboda qarTvel

morwmuneTa Soris frontis saWiroebisaTvis. xelisufleba dadebiTad

aRiTqvamda yovelive amas, magram zogjer arcTu sasurvel nabijsac dgamda,

magaliTad, didi tkivili iyo morwmuneTaTvis da kaTolikos-patriarqisaT-

vis sionis sapatriarqo taZris samreklodan didi zaris Camoxsna im zarisa,

romelsac sasoebiT mimarTavda cnobili poeti ieTim gurji `dido zaro

Cveno sionisao~... xelisuflebis organoebi saidumlod adevnebdnen Tval-

yurs, ra Semosavali hqonda eklesias, magram omis wina periodTan SedarebiT

es `yuradReba~ umniSvnelod Canda. is faqti, rom i. stalinma kremlSi miiRo

ruseTis sinodis wevrebi, neba darTo maT aerCiaT patriarqi, gaexsnaT admi-

nistraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesiebi, sasuliero saswavleblebi xeli-

suflebisa da eklesiis urTierTobaSi didi daTbobis maniSnebeli iyo. 1944

wlis 1 dekembers sabWoTa kavSiris saxkomsabWom miiRo dadgenileba

`marTlmadidebeli eklesiebisa da samlocvelo saxlebis Sesaxeb~. dadgeni-

lebis Tanaxmad `1. aikrZalos daxurva dadgenili wesiT registrirebuli

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebisa, romlebic yofil saeklesio SenobebSi moqme-

debdnen da im samlocvelo saxlebisa, romlebic morwmuneTa mier ijariT

aRebul sadgomebSi arian moTavsebuli~.68 dadgenileba nebas rTavda

adgilobriv mmarTvelobis organoebs morwmuneTa interesebis gaTvaliswine-

biT gaexsnaT axali eklesiebi. xelisufleba ar eloda Tu amdeni gancxade-

bebi Sevidoda daxuruli eklesiebis amoqmedebis moTxovniT. marto saqarT-

veloSi 30-ze meti gancxadeba daiwera. xelisuflebis organoebi religiur

konfensiebTan urTierTobis mowesrigebas ver axerxebdnen. amitom 1943 wlis

8 oqtombris brZanebulebiT sabWoTa kavSiris saxalxo komisarTa sabWosTan

Seiqmna religiis saqmeTa sabWo, romelic unda yofiliyo erTgvari Suamava-

li xelisuflebasa da eklesias Soris. religiis saqmeTa sabWo ruseTis

marTlmadidebel eklesiaze iyo orientirebuli, rac laxavda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalias. uwmidesi kalistrates dasabuTe-

buli moxsenebis safuZvelze rwmunebulTa sabWos saxeli Seecvala da

nacvlad _ ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rwmunebulTa sabWo _ ewoda

ssrk saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli religiis rwmunebulTa sabWo. 1945 wlis 22

agvistodan ukve saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan Seiqmna marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiis rwmunebulis Tanamdeboba. 1945 wlis martSi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 15 moqmed eklesias daemata 14, sadac RvTismsa-

xurebas eweodnen 5 mRvdelmTavari, 41 Statiani mRvdeli, 2 arqidiakoni, 3

medaviTne. religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli qadagiSvili avalebda Tavis

TanamSromlebs saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb arsebuli yvela monacemebis

Segrovebas, sasuliero pirebze TvalTvals. xSirad ismeba aseTi kiTxva.

uwmides kalistratesa da i. stalins Soris kargi urTierToba damyarda.

patriarqs SeeZlo gaexsna sasuliero seminaria an akademia, ratom Tqva uari

amaze gaugebariao. uwmidesi kalistrate kargad xedavda xelisuflebisgan

moCvenebiTi keTilganwyobis miuxedavad arsebobda imis saSiSroeba, rom bev-

ri arasasurveli adamiani SeaRwevda eklesiaSi da mas Zirs gamouTxrida,

amitom saWiro iyo didi sifrTxile... i. stalinisa uwmidesi kalistrates

urTierTobis Sesaxeb realuri da folkloruli gadmocemebi erTmaneTSia

areuli. udavoa Tbilisis seminariidan maT Soris nacnoboba unda yofili-

yo. stalins arc Semdeg daviwyebia igi. kandid Carkviani Tavis mogonebebSi

ixsenebs Tavisa da mixeil Wiaurelis i. stalinTan Sexvedras da cnobili

kinoreJisoris dialogs: `vicodi, rom kaTalikosi kalistrate cincaZe semi-

nariaSi gogla leoniZis maswavlebeli iyo. aqedan modioda maTi nacnoboba.

vifiqre am niadagze goglas gavexumrebodi. telefoniT davureke da kalist-

rates xmiT dinjad davuwye _ batono giorgi, es me var, kaTalikosi kalist-

rate. dila mSvidobisa. dila mSvidobisa, uwmideso, rogor brZandebiT,

Tqvenma xmam didad gamaxara _ miugo mowiwebiT goglam. TqvenTan Txovna

maqvs. ai, sigeli rom aRmogiCeniaT iqneb misi asli misaCuqroT. mogarTmevT,

mipasuxa, magram am dros gamecina, gogla mixvda, rom es me viyavi, magram

marTla rom dareka kalistratem, goglam upasuxa vici, ra kaTalikosic

xar, ver momatyuebo... gaognebulma kaTalikosma yurmili dado. cota xnis

Semdeg gogla mainc daeWvda, aqeT-iqiT dareka, roca gaigo, rom namdvilad

kalistrate esaubreboda saswrafod eaxla da bodiSi mouxada. naambobma i.

stalini gaamxiarula. me TviTonac Tavs ver vikavebdi rogorc ki warmovid-

gendi kalistrates asketur figuras, daxvewil inteligentur manerebs da

mis Secbunebas~.69

uwmidesi kalistratesa da i. stalinis pirispir Sexvedra ar Semdgara.

amitom gavrcelebuli informacia, viTomc kremlSi uwmidesi kalistrate sa-

moqalaqo samosiT gamocxadda, folkloris Janrs ganekuTvneba. 1948 wlis 21

ivliss uwmidesi kalistrate i. stalinisadmi gagzavnil werilSi saubrobs

amis Sesaxeb. `kacTa Soris rCeulo, Cemo moxucebulobis ocneba iyo sakuTa-

ri TvaliT menaxa Cveni xalxis siamaye da msoflios udidesi adamiani,

magram bedma ar marguna es bedniereba. albaT, amis Rirsi ara var. miiReT

Zvirfaso ioseb, saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi meTauris gulwrfeli mad-

loba mSobeli sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebul sarwmunoebriv organizaciaTa sia-

Si SeyvanisaTvis, xolo Cemi kadnieri mamaSviluri siyvarulis gamomxatve-

lad mogarTvaT winaparTa mier Seqmnili da naanderZevi qarTuli kula

warweriT: `ioseb qarTvels, msoflioSi ucalRalato adamians, maSvralTa

winamZRvars, madlobiT gulsavse saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli mwyemsis

kalistrate kaTalikos-patriarqisagan~.70 uwmidesma kalistratem i. stalins

gaugzavna saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari. i. stalinisagan ara erTi weri-

li miiRo uwmidesma kalistratem. 1946 wlis agvistoSi igi saero xelisuf-

lebisagan dajildovda `samamulo omSi eklesiisagan gaweuli daxmarebisaT-

vis~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate ukve xelisuflebasTan damokidebule-

baSi mtkice da Seuryevelia moTxovnebSi. 1949 wels saq. kp (b) ck-is mdivans

k. Carkvians moaxsenebda eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo locva-

nis, saeklesio kalendaris, eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis dabeWdva.

man kargad icoda, rom 1923 wels sapatriarqosaTvis CamorTmeul reziden-

cias ver daibrunebda, magram srulebiT SesaZlebeli iyo sionis sapatriar-

qo taZris maxloblad axali rezidenciis aSeneba `mogexsenebaT _ werda uw-

midesi kalistrate k. Carkvians _ saxli, romelSic amJamad cxovrobs

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi. Tbilisis rekonstruqciis axa-

li gegmiT unda aRebul iqnas, vinaidan igi TavisTavadac ver akmayofilebs

kaTolikos-patriarqis binisa da masTan dakavSirebul dawesebulebaTa

moTxovnilebas, cxadia unda aSendes axali saxli~.71 sxva mimarTvaSi uwmide-

si kalistrate saero xelisuflebis yuradRebas miapyrobda sionis sapat-

riarqo taZris saxuravis SekeTebis aucileblobaze.

meore msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiris politikur

xelmZRvanelobaSi intensiuri muSaoba mimdinareobda TurqeTis, rogorc

germaniis mokavSiris mimarT SesaZlo samxedro operaciis ganxorcielebis

Sesaxeb. saqarTvelosa da somxeTis mosaxleobisaTvis didi mniSvneloba

hqonda saukuneTa manZilze Turqebis mier mitacebuli qarTuli da somxuri

teritoriebis dabrunebis sakiTxs.

1945 wlis 14 dekembers gaz. `komunistSi~ da `zaria vostokaSi~ gamoqveyn-

da akademikosebis s. janaSiasa da n. berZeniSvilis werili TurqeTisadmi

Cveni kanonieri pretenziis Sesaxeb, romelSic istoriul wyaroebze

dayrdnobiT naCvenebi iyo Tu rogor miitaca TurqeTma saqarTvelos

istoriuli teritoriebi. werilSi saubari iyo imazec, rom TurqeTi meore

msoflio omis dros germaniis mokavSire iyo. `Cven ki? kiTxulobdnen avto-

rebi _ gana saWiroa gavaxsenoT msoflios Tu ra wvlili Seitana qarTvel-

ma xalxma gaerTianebuli erebis wmidaTa-wmida saqmeSi? qarTvel xalxs un-

da daubrundes Tavisi miwa-wyali, romelzec arasodes uTqvams uari da

verc ityvis~.72 sagangebo Sekreba gaimarTa somexTa religiur centrSi, eCmia-

ZinSi, sadac yovelTa somexTa kaTalikosma gevorq VI-em, kilikiis somexTa

kaTalikosma garegin I-ma da somxuri samociqulo eklesiis episkoposebma

oficialurad mosTxoves TurqeTs somxeTisaTvis mitacebuli teritoriebis

dabruneba. uwmidesi kalistrates arqivSi mravlad aris daculi masalebi,

romlebic aRniSnul problemebs Seexeba. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

eklesia 1917, 1920, 1927, 1945 wlis eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebebSi

yvelgan moixseniebda zemo qarTlis (istoriuli ta-klarjeTis) eparqiebs,

rogorc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ganuyofel

nawils. mravalmxriv aris saintereso uwmidesi kalistrates werili

`saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos zemo qarTlis eparqiisaTvis~. am werilis er-

Ti varianti 1946 wlis 1 ianvars saTauriT `Католикос Грузии о законных треюованыях Грузинского народа к Турции~. `zaria vostokaSi~ gamoqveynda, xolo

imave wlis 5 ianvars man werili gagzavna `komunistis~ redaqciaSi `gTxovT,

momceT saSualeba Cemi xma SevuerTo qarTveli eris samarTlian moTxovnas,

romelic wamoyenebuli iyo TurqeTis mimarT pativcemuli mecnierebis s. ja-

naSiasa da n. berZeniSvilis werilSi _ uwmidesi kalistrate mimoixilavda

ra bizantiis imperiis dacemis Semdgom periods, acxadebda _ saqarTvelos

samxreT-dasavleTiT bneli ukuneTi Camowva. Cvens qveyanas osmaleTi gaume-

zoblda, Sewyda mravalsaukunovani cxoveli urTierToba qarTvelebsa da

dasavleTis ganaTlebul xalxebTan. uwmidesi kalistrate aRniSnavda, rom

dapyrobil mxareSi osmalobam mospo qarTuli kultura, qristianoba, qar-

Tuli ena... gasagebia, rom saukuno zrunvis sagani mtrisgan Zalad mitacebu-

li qarTuli miwa-wylis da daCagruli Seginebuli RviZli Zmebis

dedasamSoblosaTvis dabruneba gardauval amocanad daisva... saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesia istoriulad yovelTvis erovnuli mTlianobisa

da damoukideblobis matarebeli iyo. Cveni eklesia amave dros sxva sarwmu-

noebis mimdevarTa mimarT yovelTvis lmobierebiTa da moTminebiT gamoir-

Ceoda. umetesad es iTqmis im qarTvelebis, Cveni RviZli Zmebis mimarT,

romelTac mravalsaukunovani Zaladobis Semdeg islamis sarwmunoeba mii-

Res... dRes istoriuli usamarTlobis gasworebis Jamia, Tavisuflebismoyva-

re xalxebma samudamod daamarcxes mZlavroba-mtaceblobis kera faSisturi

germania, da misi mokavSireebi... qarTvelma xalxma Tavdadebuli brZoliT

mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana borot ZalTa ganadgurebis am saerTo saqme-

Si da udavo uflebac moipova, moiTxovos usamarTlobis gasworeba _

saqarTvelos erovnul-teritoriuli gaerTianeba.

Tavisufal erTa gaerTianebis wevrma osmaleTma saqarTvelos unda daub-

runos qarTuli miwa-wyali: artaanis, arTvinis, olTisis, TorTumis, ispi-

ris, baibuTis, lazistan-WaneT-trapizonis, giresunis CaTvliT~.73 werda uwmi-

desi kalistrate. igi operatiulad gamoexmaura TurqeTis presaSi gamoqvey-

nebul werilebs, romelTa avtorebi acxadebdnen, rom musliman qarTvelebs

devnas dauwyeben am teritoriebis saqarTvelosTan SeerTebis SemTxvevaSio

_ `Cven aRTqmas vdebT, gabriyvebiT, mzakvrobiT da cdunebiT arcerTi mus-

limani ar iqneba gaqristianebuli, rac Seexeba sabWoTa xelisuflebas, is

sarwmunoebis sakiTxSi ar ereva, Cveni konstituciiT garantirebulia sindi-

sisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba~.74 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis am mo-

wodebebs daerTo aWaris muslimanTa lideris rasim suleimanis Ze beriZis

werili: `Turqma moZaladeebma dagvibrunon Cveni miwa-wyali~. i. stalinis

brZanebiT amierkavkasiis samxedo olqis jarebis sardlad dainiSna marSa-

li k. rokosovski, yvelaferi iqiT midioda, rom TurqeTTan omi gardauvali

iyo, magram dasavleTis qveynebma TurqeTs dauWires mxari da istoriuli

teritoriebis saqarTvelosaTvis dabruneba ganuxorcielebel ocnebad dar-

Ca.

uwmides da unetares kalistrates fiqris da zrunvis sagani yovelTvis

iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia,misi momavali. vimeorebT, is

faqtiurad marto iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis interesebisaTvis brZolaSi.

1943 wels gulaxdilad aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis savalalo mdgomareo-

ba `martod darCenils mZime avadmyofoba mewvia da Tbilisis eklesiebi xu-

Ti Tvis manZilze mRvdelmTavris wirva-locvis gareSe datova. es ki didad

aRonebda morwmuneebs da sarecelze mdebare eklesiis meTaursac~75.

amitom iyo, rom gamojanmrTelebisTanave episkoposad akurTxa dimitri

lazariSvili. uwmides da unetares kalistratesaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSv-

nelovani iyo Tu rogor warimarTeboda saqarTvelos eklesiis momavali,

rogori iqneboda xelisuflebisa da eklesiis urTierToba, vin SeZlebda

mmarTvel mRvdelmTavarTagan yvelaze kargad misi saqmis gagrZelebas.

muSaobda TavdaviwyebiT, Cqarobda araferi darCenoda mosaswrebi, 1943 wels,

seqtemberSi miiRo gadawyvetileba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydred gamoerCia mitropoliti melqisedeki (fxalaZe). misad-

mi gagzavnil werilSi urCevda: `gTxovT Cems mier aRebul gezsa da mimar-

Tulebas nu SecvliT, es ar ivargebs, eklesiisa da piradad TqvenTvisac iq-

neba saziano. Cemi damarxvis Semdeg dauyovnebliv daamtkiceT qaSueTis

winamZRvrad yovladsamRvdelo dimitri, iqonieT masTan Zmuri kavSiri da yu-

ri aTxoveT mis rCevebs. frTxili da Wkviani kacia, Seminde Txovnisa da

davalebisaTvis, vevedrebiT ufals Segvewios samSoblosa da eklesiis

samsaxurSi~.76

am anderZis daweris Semdeg uwmidesma kalistratem 9 weli icocxla. es

ar iyo asakovani, wlebiT daRlili kacis cxovreba. saqarTvelos

xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi kaTalikosis pirad fondSi daculia ucnobi

avtoris mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi

kalistrates daxasiaTeba. `igi ubralo da Tavmdabalia, rogorc kerZo

cxovrebaSi ise sazogado moRvaweobaSi, mTeli misi yofa warmoadgens misa-

baZ magaliTs TviTaRzrdisa da TviTganviTarebisa, bejiTi Sromisa. monazo-

nis ubralo bartyulis qveS, Severcxlili TmiT dafaruli misi maRali

Subli Seicavs farTo ganaTlebasTan erTad did praqtikul codnas da

cxovrebis mdidar gamocdilebas. mas axasiaTebs gansakuTrebiT bejiTi

damokidebuleba Tavis movaleobis SesrulebaSi. Rrma moxucebulobamde Sei-

narCuna axalgazrduli suli da saRi mexsiereba. mudam moZravma da moqmede-

baSi myofma ar icis ra aris dasveneba, igi wveba ara uadres Ramis 1 saaTi-

sa, diliT dgeba 6 saaTze. male ewveva taZars, emTxveva xatebs, Sedis

sakurTxevelSi, sadac muxlmodrekili didxans loculobs. locvis Semdeg

saTanado gankargulebebs gascems da brundeba Sin, sauzmobs ubralo CaiT

da msubuq misatanebeliT (kvercxi) isev mokle locva da Seudgeba muSaobas.

aqve iwereba moxsenebani, mimdinare sakiTxTa gadaWra, mTxovnelTa miReba.

muSaobs 15 saaTamde. mTxovnelTa miReba xdeba nebismier dros, saTnoa da

gulkeTili. sadilobs 15 saaTze. sadilze 3-5 adamiani mudam aris masTan.

Tavis tablaze kaTolikosi yvelasTan erTnairia, ganurCevlad mdgomareobi-

sa da Tanamdebobisa. sadilze miirTmevs Rvinos (2 Wiqa). Semdeg agrZelebs

muSaobas 24 saaTamde. arasodes ar vaxSmobs. Tvalyurs adevnebs yvelafers,

rac mis garSemo xdeba, ibeWdeba. yoveldRiurad kiTxulobs qarTul da ru-

sul Jurnal-gazeTebs. mecnierul wignebs, mxatvrul literaturas. araviTa-

ri uZravi qoneba da fuli ar gaaCnia. is mudam uwevs daxmarebas yvelas,

vinc ki mas mimarTavs, bevri gansacdeli gadaiara, magram igi nugeSs eZiebda

da poulobda qristianul moTminebasa da sarwmunoebaSi, RvTis msaxureba-

Si~.77 anonimi avtori STambeWdavad warmoaCens am didebuli mwyemsmTavris

pirovnebas.

meore msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg, rodesac sabWoTa mTavrobam

eklesiisadmi Seurigebeli damokidebuleba loialobiT Secvala uwmidesma

kalistratem gansakuTrebuli aqcenti gadaitana eparqiebSi administraciu-

li wesiT gauqmebuli eklesiebis gaxsnaze. 1946-1951 wlebSi saqarTvelos

ministrTa sabWosTan arsebul religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis saregistra-

cio wignSi daculia cnobebi, mimarTvebi da xelisuflebis nebarTvebi. uwmi-

desi kalistrates ZalisxmeviT eklesiebi gaixsna: axmetis raion sof. matan-

Si, xonSi, sagarejoSi, quTaisSi, awyurSi, soxumis raion sof. konstantinov-

kaSi, manglisis raion sof. orbeTSi, abaSis raion sof. sujunaSi, gudauTis

raion sof. bomboraSi, qarelis raion sof. atocSi, walkaSi, azerbaijanis

respublikaSi kaxis wm. giorgis eklesia.~78 igi icavda sasuliero pirebs

adgilobrivi gayoyoCebuli provincieli Cinovnikebisagan. cdilobda saekle-

sio daniSnulebis nivTebis muzeumebidan gamotanas da kvlav eklesiaSi

dabrunebas. 1947 wels uwmidesma kalistratem xelisuflebas mosTxova

quTaisis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi daculi argveTis erismTavrebis wm.

daviTisa da wm. konstantines neStebis dabruneba, magram imxanad es ver mo-

xerxda. daabrunes Telavis, baTumis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumidan saekle-

sio nivTebi. TiTqosda umniSvnelo faqtia, magram damaxasiaTebeli, alaver-

dis monasterSi mgalobelTa gundis wevrebs adgilobrivi xelisufleba

aviwroebda, rom samuSao saaTebSi `eklesiaSi mRerodnen~. uwmidesma kalist-

ratem mgaloblebi kolmeurneobaSi savaldebulo samuSaosgan gaanTavisuf-

lebina. abaSis raion sof. sujunaSi sof. sabWos Tavmjdomarem q. Caganavam

Seuracxyofa miayena mRvdel petre kucias. amis gamo uwmidesma kalistratem

xelisuflebis organoTa CareviT gaavebul Tavmjdomares bodiSi moaxdevina

(am striqonebis avtorma danamdvilebiT icis q. Caganavas ojaxi am codvisaT-

vis daisaja. misi erTaderTi Wkuanakluli Svili dResac mezoblebis samow-

yalodaa abaSis raion sof. sujunaSi s.v). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelTan eparqiebidan aseTi sulisSemZvreli werilebic

midioda `Tqveno uwmidesobav! adgilobrivma partiulebma vercxleulis sia

momTxoves. Semdeg gadawyvites zaris Camoxsna da centrSi dakideba. Zalian

cudis TvaliT micqerian, riT dabolovdeba yovelive ar vici. amaTi mizania

rogorme xelT igdon eklesiis qoneba. vercxleuli. mirCieT rogor moviq-

ce~.79 aseT dros igi rogorc mfarveli angelozi ise gadaefareboda xolme

sasuliero pirebs. amitom uyvardaT da did pativs scemdnen mas.

1945 wels saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda ruseTis

patriarqi aleqsi I. 1948 wels uwmidesma kalistratem monawileoba miiRo

ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 500 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sazeimo

RonisZiebebSi. msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis warmomadgenlebze

didi STabeWdileba moaxdina misma gamosvlebma. 1949 w. moskovis sasuliero

akademiam Tavis sapatio wevrad airCia. rkinis farda, romelic CamoSvebuli

iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da msoflios religiur

konfensiebs Soris TandaTan gaixsna. saqarTvelos marTlmadiebeli ekle-

siis warmomadgenlebi aqtiur monawileobas iRebdnen sxvadasxva saerTaSo-

riso forumis muSaobaSi. 1950 wlis 29 dekembers uwmidesi da unetaresi

kalistrates saxelze inglisidan aseTi Sinaarsis werili movida: `me

xSirad wamikiTxavs da gamigonia, Tu rogor moRvaweobas eweviT Tqven

mSvidobisaTvis. Zalian dainteresebuli var Tqveni diadi eris socialuri

progresiT da gTxovT daxmareba gamiwioT SromaSi inglis-sabWoTa kavSiris

megobrobis gansamtkiceblad~.80 uwmidesma kalistratem megobruli urTier-

Toba daamyara rumineTis patriarq iustinesTan, yovelTa somexTa kaTalikos

gevorq VI-Tan.

1952 wlis 3 Tebervals 86 wlis asakSi igi gardaicvala. didi saeklesio

moRvawis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvaleba didi

danaklisi iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis. gulwrfeli

iyo xalxis mwuxareba. vinc Tundac erTxel Sexvedria mas verasodes ver

daiviwyebda. uwmidesi kalistrate 20 weli edga saTaveSi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesias. es iyo Cveni xalxisa da eklesiis istoriis ur-

Tulesi wlebi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodma Seqm-

na uwmidesi kalistrates damkrZalavi komisia quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropo-

litis efremis (sidamoniZe) TavmjdomareobiT. dakrZalvis dRes 10 Teber-

vals TbilisSi Camovidnen poloneTis mitropoliti maqsime, leningradis

mitropoliti grigoli, ukrainis egzarqosi ioakine, antioqiis sapatriarqos

warmomadgeneli, arqimandriti vasili, somxeTis samociqulo eklesiis epis-

koposi saaki. dakrZalvas eswrebodnen qarTuli inteligenciis, mecnierebis

warmomadgenlebi. qarTveli saero da sasuliero sazogadoebis grZnobebi

kargad gamoxata mitropolitma efremma: `guli maqvs lodiviT damZimebuli,

samariseburi Rrma dumiliT, mwuxarebaSi STafluli, fiqrTa sqel burusSi

gaxveuli Cveni eklesiis bedze motirali... Cven davkargeT saqarTvelos

eklesiis mimrqmeli da uZlieresi patroni, didi Seuryeveli dasayrdeni

burji~.81

uwmidesi kaTolikosis neSti dakrZales saxelovani winamorbedebis: uw-

midesi kirion II, leonidis, ambrosis, qristefores gverdiT sionis sapat-

riarqo taZarSi. istoria piruTvneli saaqao samsjavroa. drois dineba

mihqris, dRes aRarc sabWoTa kavSiria da arc misi ideologiuri dogmebi.

momavali TaobebisaTvis gaugebari iqneba ratom ulocavda saero xelisuf-

lebis warmomadgenlebs uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate `didi oqtomb-

ris revoluciis dRes~, `saqarTvelos gasabWoebis dRes~. vin iyvnen reli-

giis saqmeTa rmwunebulebi? finsaxkomis muSakebi, romelnic ase gaavebiT

ebrZodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias, magram Tu epoqis rTuli

socialur-politikuri movlenebi ar gaiazre Znelia Cawvde im samwuxaro da

mkacr realobebs, romelSic uwmides kalistrates uxdeboda moRvaweoba.

dRes Tamamad SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom man gonivruli kompromisebiT gadaar-

Cina saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, moaxerxa saero

xelisuflebisagan warTmeuli iuridiuli statusis dabruneba, miaRwia

ruseTis eklesiasTan normaluri urTierTobis aRdgenas, saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi moaqcia araqarTuli samrevloebi, eklesias

SeunarCuna mrevli, gadaarCina saeklesio siwmindeni, represiebidan ixsna

araerTi sasuliero piri. Tavisi pirovnebisa da eklesiisadmi pativiscemiT

gamsWvala saero xelisuflebis aTeisti Cinovnikebic. uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate XX saukunis

qarTvel patriarqTa Soris erT-erTi mokaSkaSe varskvlavia. uwmidesma da

unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-em jer ki-

dev 1979 wels sagangebo locva-kurTxeviT Seqmna komisias, romelsac unda

moeZia kalistrate cincaZis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb arsebuli

masalebi. am dros mravlad iyvnen is adamianebi, visac kargad axsovdaT di-

di mwyemsmTavari. uwmidesi kalistrates gardacvalebiT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi damTavrda erTi didi epoqa.

7. uwmidesi kalistrate da qarTveli

sazogadoeba, misi mecnieruli memkvidreoba

1893 wels qarTvelma sazogadoebam dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis saxiT

pirvelad ixila axalgazrda moZRvari didubis eklesiisa, romelmac mgzne-

bare sityviT mimarTa ganjidan saqarTveloSi gadmosvenebul nikoloz

baraTaSvilis neSts. samwuxarod, am sityvis srul teqsts Cvenamde ar mouR-

wevia, magram Tu rogori gamorCeuli sityvis Tqma icoda man kargad Cans

1901 wels giorgi qarTveliSvilis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT didubeSi

qadagebisas. `vin ar icis Tu ramdenad sasargeblo adamiani iyo aw gansvene-

buli giorgi daviTisZe, RvTisa da eklesiis moyvare, mamulisa da samSob-

los erTguli, ojaxisa da colSvilisaTvis Tavdadebuli, ganaTlebisa da

mwignobrobis motrfiale, mRvdelTa da monazonTa pativismcemeli, qvrivTa

da obolTa ganmkiTxveli, patiosnebiT aRsavse, dauRalavi muSaki da sauke-

Teso warmomadgeneli Zvelis qarTvelis darbaiselis mamakacisa, vis guls

ar moxvda civad ambavi amis sikvdilisa, vis ar eucxova gardacvaleba amisi.

yovelive es WeSmaritebaa, magram vina xar Sen, adamiano, rom iyvedrebi da

ukmayofilebas acxadeb winaaRmdeg misa, romelmanac ganaCinna dawesebuli

Jamni da sazRvrisdadebani damkvidrebisa pirsa zeda qveynisasa yovelTa

naTesavTa kacTasa, da romelic flobs cxovelTa da naTesavTa mkvdarTa

zeda, nuTu ggonia Sen, adamiano, rom is pirni, romelnic saWiroeben aw

gansvenebulis siyvarulsa da trfialebasa, SenTvis ufro maxlobelni

arian, vinem misTvis, vinc gaaCina da dahbada igini, nuTu daoblebulisa da

Sewuxebulis ojaxis Semwe da nugeSis mcemeli xar Sen da ara is, vinc

mfrinvelTa cisaTa, romelni aras sTesven, arca mkian, arca Seikreben. saun-

jiTa, zrdis? maSasadame dReTa cxovrebisa CvenisaTa mflobeli, qvrivTa da

obolTa patroni da Semwe RmerTia da man, mamaman Cvenman zecaTman, icis rai

gvixms amaT yovelTgan, uwyis ra umjobesia, Cvenvis, sikvdili Tu sicocxle,

obloba Tu dedmamianoba, siqvrive Tu colosnoba, amisaTvis, mwuxareba da

tirili, viSi da godeba aris saWiro ara micvalebulisaTvis, romelTa

qristes mier miiZines da ganisvenes, aramed CvenTvis da codvaTa CvenTaTvis,

romelTa simravle aRsdgeba winaSe Cvensa da ver SesaZleblad hyofs Cvenda

SemTxvevad wmidaTa gansvenebulTa moyvasTa da maxlobelTa CvenTa. ai, es

aris da unda iyos kidevac CvenTvis samwuxaro da satirali sxva ki ara

ra~.82

uwmides kalistrates arqivSi daculia misi saintereso Canawerebi ilia

WavWavaZis Sesaxeb. es mogonebebi unda gamoqveynebuliyo Jurnal `mnaTobSi~

1937 w., magram xelisuflebam redaqcias ar misca amis saSualeba. uwmidesi

kalistrate aRniSnavda: `ilias siyrmidanve `zekacad~ vTvlidi,amitom masTan

Sexvedras veridebodi. ar Semeryes masze Sedgenili warmodgena-meTqi. miuxe-

davad amisa, cxovrebam ramdenjerme Semaxvedra mas. Cems TvalSi sul ufro

izrdeboda igi~83, 1906 wels roca peterburgSi unda ganxiluliyo saqarTve-

los eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxi. ilia WavWavaZem dekanozi ka-

listrate cincaZe miiwvia konsultaciebisaTvis Sexvedraze, romelic or

saaTze metxans gagrZelda, sakmarisi gaxda imisaTvis, rom ilia Rrmad gark-

veuliyo aRniSnuli problemis TaviseburebebSi. uwmidesi kalistrates

SeniSvniT `ilia WavWavaZe misTvis axals erTbaSad iTvisebda da ramdenime

wuTis Semdeg safuZvlianad iyenebda axali daskvnebisaTvis.84

1907 wlis 1 seqtembers qaSueTis wm. giorgis eklesiaSi ilia WavWavaZis ve-

raguli mkvlelobis gamo gadaxdil panaSvidze kalistrate cincaZem ase

Seafasa gansvenebulis cxovreba: `yvela qarTvels ilia migvaCnda ara marto

didebul mwerlad, anu fasdaudebel mgosnad, ginda Tu gamoCenil da sasi-

qadulo sazogado moRvawed, aramed da umTavresad, gzis maCveneblad, anu

sityvisaebr saRmrTo werilisa, winamZRvrad. WeSmaritad, Wmunvasa da sixa-

rulSi igi iyo Cveni nugeSis STamagonebeli da Svebis momcemi, xolo

fiqris, saqmis, Sromis dros xom imas badalic ara hyavda. misi rCeva da da-

rigeba usasodqmnils imeds Caunergavda gulSi bedisagan ganlaRebuls.~85

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe iyo erT-erTi pirveli, romelmac grigol

orbelianis cxovrebasa da SemoqmedebaSi Rrmadmorwmune, marTlmadidebeli

qristianis siyvaruli dainaxa, igi sazogadoebis yuradRebas miaqcevda poe-

tis werilidan Semdeg sityvebs: `me minda, _ wers gr. orbeliani Tavis

rZals, _ rom Seni vaJis norCi guli sarmwunoebiT iyos gamsWvaluli,

romlis gareSec kaci am qveynad ubeduria... Cveni mgosani upirveles yovlisa

gvaswavebs da aRvgZravs Zebnad sasufevelisa, qmnad keTilisa, devnad boro-

tisa da aRrCevad umjobesisa~.86

kalistrate cincaZe XX saukunis I naxevarSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare yve-

la movlenis Tavisebur analizs akeTebda, exmianeboda erovnuli interese-

bis gamomxatvel dawesebulebaTa daarseba, ganaxlebas.1909 wels qarTuli

Teatris ganaxlebis gamo warmoTqmul sityvaSi gansazRvra Teatris roli

da mniSvneloba qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis. `xelovnebam _ werda igi _ un-

da dagvisuraTxatos namdviil cxovreba da misi maxinji mxare, qvena grZno-

baTa boboqroba da mravalgvarovanTa vnebaTa Relva, magram man ar unda

daiviwyos umaRlesi zneobrivi moTxovnileba: avs uwodos avi da kargs kar-

gi, raTa xelovnebis taZrisagan ar warvideT saxiT Cvenda wambilwvel-

gamaTaxsirebel ocneba-warmogdenebiT aRvsilni, aramed gamxnevebulni,

aRfrTovanebulni da ganmzadebulni brZolad borotisa da Semdgomad keTi-

lisa~87.

uwmidesi kalistrate gansakuTrebuli siyvarulTi ixsenebda did qarTvel

kompozitors zaqaria faliaSvils, romelsac Tavis droze aswavlida saRv-

To sjuls. 1917 wels kompozitorma operisa da baletis TeatrSi ganaxo-

rciela `abesalom da eTeris~ dadgma. premieraze surda miewvia avtokefa-

lia aRdgenili saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurni. daxmare-

ba sTxova Tavis yofil maswavlebels kalistrate cincaZes, romelmac kom-

pozitori Seaxvedra uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqs kirion II. premieras uwmides kirionTan erTad daeswrnen:

mitropoliti leonidi, mitropoliti antoni, dekanozi kalistrate da

qarTveli samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebi. speqtaklis damTavrebis Semdeg

kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-s kompozitori Seuqia, daulocavs, zaqarias

kirion II-ze uTqvams: `saxe sastiki gamometyvelebisa aqvs, magram saubris

dros Saqariao~. dekanoz kalistrate cincaZes sagangebo sityva moumzadebia

1925 wels zaqaria faliaSvilis saiubileo saRamoze gamosasvlelad, magram

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma ara Tu sityvis Tqmis ufleba, iubilezec

ar dauSves.

saocari interesiT adevnebda Tvalyurs yvelafers, arqivSi Senaxuli aqvs

rusuli da qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebis is nomrebi, romelnic exebian mecnie-

rebis, kulturis sferoSi mimdinare procesebs. magaliTad saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis pirveli personaluri Semadgenloba, ivane javaxiSvi-

lis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT gamoqveynebuli nekrologebi, sagazeTo

statiebi, SeniSvnebiTa da saintereso minawerebiT. gaz. `komunistSi~ daibeW-

da gr. xavTasis statia lado kecxovelze, sadac avtori aRniSnavda: `lado,

rom cixis administracias ebrZoda es Semdegi faqtidan Cans. metexis cixeSi

moTavsebul saydarSi raRac saeklesio dResaswauli iyo. am dRes eklesiaSi

mwirvelad mosuliyo cnobili Savrazmeli episkoposi dimitri abaSiZe,

romelsac lado seminariidan icnobda...uwmidesi kalistrates SeniSvna ase-

Tia, Secdomaa... lado seminariidan gamoricxes 1893 wels. dimitri ki daniS-

nes seminariaSi 1896 w.~88 misi yuradReba miuqcevia ana kalandaZis leqss

`sxva saqarTvelo sad aris~, sagangebod Seunaxavs arqivSi. Tavisi xeliT

gadauweria ana kalandaZis leqsi `udrek iyo dedofali~. saerTod saocari

iyo uwmidesi kalistrates damokidebuleba saarqivo masalebisadmi. is Tavis

arqivSi inaxavda misi arakeTilismosurneebis ganmaqiqebel werilebsac. qu-

TaTeli episkoposis daviTis fanqriT ZneladgasarCevi risxviTa da ukadrisi

sityvebiT avsili werili Tavisi xeliT gadauweria da ase Semounaxavs

STamomavlobisaTvis. rogori didi unda iyo adamiani, rom es moaxerxo. uy-

varda paeqroba konstantine gamsaxurdiasTan, Salva nucubiZesTan, irodion

sonRulaSvilTan, korneli kekeliZesTan, Tedo saxokiasTan.

qeTevan nucubiZe ixsenebda: uwmides kalistrates `vefxistyaosnis~ yvela

Targmani da gansakuTrebiT Salvasi guldasmiT hqonda Seswavlili da sxa

mraval SeniSvnebTan erTad kategoriulad mosTxova `daebrunebina

RmerTisaTvis yvelgan Tavisi adgili. Zalian TviTneburad Targmani, Sali-

ko, RmerTis cnebas zoggan an gulisxmob mxolod, an savsebiT gamotovebu-

lia, an ixmar iq, sadac rusTavels sulac ar ufiqria... Salva nucubiZe, es

Seupovari adamiani, misi uwmidesobis winaSe mowafuri mokrZalebiT idga,

usmenda. saxlSi misvlisTanave ki miujda magidas da Targmani uwmidesi

kalistrates SeniSvnebis mixedviT Caaswora~.89

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate kievis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis

periodSi Seudga saqarTvelos istoriis, eklesiis istoriis problemebis

mecnierul damuSavebas. kievis sasuliero akademiis arqeologiis profeso-

ris n. petrovis davalebiT Seiswavla nikifore toloCanovis da aleqsi iev-

levis elCoba imereTSi 1650-1652 wlebSi. naSromi daibeWda 1890 w. Jurn.

`novoe obazrenieSi~. es iyo axalgazrda mkvlevaris pirveli seriozuli ga-

mokvleva, romelic Seesabameboda XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis qarTuli

istoriografiis dones. aRniSnul problemas mieZRvna 1970 wels prof. iase

cincaZis gamokvleva, romelSic avtori dawvrilebiT ixilavda winamorbedi

istorikosebis m. polievqtovis, gr. kotoSixinis s. beloukovis mosazrebebs,

samwuxard, kalistrate cincaZis gamokvlevaze araferia naTqvami. 1892 wlis

1 maiss kievis sasuliero akademiis samecniero sabWos winaSe RvTismetyvele-

bis kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad kalistrate cincaZem wa-

radgina naSromi `iberiis eklesia sasanianTa periodSi (265-570 w.w.).~90 naSro-

mis SesavalSi avtori aRniSnavda, misi mizani iyo `Seemowmebina da Seefase-

bina qarTuli matianeebis cnobebi, romlebic exeboda saqarTvelos eklesiis

cxovrebis amaTu im movlenebs... am gziT mas surs daexmaros maT, vinc daapi-

rebs qarTvel mematianeTa udavod mdidarsa da amave dros naklebad Seswav-

lili masalebis gacnobas~.91 am naSromSi warmoCinda axalgazrda mecnieris

kvlvis interesTa sfero qarTlis gaqristianebis Sesaxeb. arsebul wyaroTa

da samecniero naSromebis kritikuli analizis safuZvelze man saintereso

mosazrebani wamoayena. kiTxulob naSroms da gaoceba gipyrobs, rogor moa-

xerxa sruliad axalgazrda kacma mravalricxovan werilobiT wyaroTa kri-

tikuli Seswavla. man erT-erTma pirvelma moaxerxa aRedgina qarTvelTa

gaqristianebis mTeli istoria, saeklesio mmarTvelobis ierarqia qarTlSi,

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa da sxva qristianul eklesiebTan

urTierTobis sakiTxebi. naSromSi avtori yuradRebas amaxvilebda IV-V sau-

kuneebSi qristianul samyaroSi gaxmaurebul evtiqianulobisa da nestoria-

nelobis winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxebze, saqarTvelos eklesiis brZolas

qalkedonianobis principis dasacavad. iranisa da bizantiis politikuri da

religiuri interesebis dapirispirebas kavkasiaSi. avtori vrclad exeboda

qarTuli saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis, bermonazvnuri cxovrebis wesis

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi damkvidrebis sakiTxebs. naSroms maRali Sefaseba

misca recenzentma, prof. i. madiSevskim, romelmac aRniSna: `avtors

gulwrfelad uyvars Tavisi samSoblo da gatacebulia survilTi Seiswav-

los misi istoria, misTvis Zvirfasia saqarTvelos siZveleni, marTlmadi-

debloba... igi gacnobilia qarTul istoriul pirvelwyaroebs, Seswavlili

aqvs ruseTis an ucxo qveynebis istoriuli mwerloba... avtoris Sroma qebis

Rirsia.~82 am naSromiT kalistrate cincaZe sazogadoebis winaSe warsdga ro-

gorc saqarTvelos istoriis perspeqtiuli mkvlevari.

1906 wels gamoqveynda kalistrate cincaZis polemikuri Sinaarsis naSro-

mi `Историческая справка по вопросу Об автокефальности Грузинской церкви~, es iyo pa-suxi prof. g. samuilovis statiebze, romelic `amtkicebda~ TiTqos saqarT-

velos marTlmadiebel samociqulo eklesias istoriulad arasodes avtoke-

falia ar hqonia. dekanozma kalistrate cincaZem mravalricxovani wyaroe-

bis safuZvelze detalurad Seiswavla da aRadgina saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis mopovebis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da

konstantinepolis sapatriarqoebTan urTierTobis mTeli istoria. amave

dros safuZvlianad ganixila samuilovis garda sxva rusi avtorebis

tendenciuri naSromebi da daaskvna, rom 1811 wels ruseTis imperatoris

aleqsandre I-is mier saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis

gauqmeba iyo sruli ukanonoba da rac male izeimebda samarTlianoba, miT

ukeTesi iqneboda. gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, am naSromiT avtori

episkoposebTan kirionTan da leonidesTan erTad saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis mebrZolTa avangardSi moeqca.

es naSromi iyo erT-erTi mTavari mecnieruli dokumenti, romelsac qarTve-

li avtokefalistebi iyenebdnen ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisufle-

bis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. avtori ramdenadac miuRebeli gaxda egzarqosebi-

saTvis imdenad didi siyvaruli moipova qarTul samecniero wreebSi.

avtokefaliis sakiTxebs uwmidesi kalistrate araerTxel dabrunda, mis

arqivSi 1944 wlis 10 maisis TariRiT daculia statia `SeniSvnebi saqarTve-

los eklesiis istoriidan~ (kerZo pirTaTvis). uwmidesi kalistrates azriT

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauris kaTolikosis kaTolikos-patriarqiT Secv-

la ase moxda: `bizantiaSi ganmtkicebuli iyo Tvalsazrisi: damoukidebeli

mefis gverdiT ueWvelad unda yofiliyo damoukidebeli ierarqi-patriarqi,

rodesac saqarTvelo gaerTianda da bagrat III-em (975-1014 ww) gamefda, sa-

qarTveloSi fexi moikida bizantiurma ideologiam, amis gamo simeon kaTa-

likosis (1002-1012) gardacvalebis Semdeg, bagrat III sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad dasva Tavisi naTesavi da mis mier aRzrdili ener-

giiT savse melqisedeki (1012)~.93 uwmidesi kalistrate yuradRebas miaqcevda

1666 wels ruseTis patriarq nikonis sasamarTlo procesze saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mTavarepiskoposis ioseb saakaZis yofnas da

askvnis, rom ruseTis eklesia oficialurad aRiarebda Cveni eklesiis avto-

kefalias. werilSi saubaria im siZneleebze, romelic saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebelma eklesiam gadaitana 1917 wlis 12 (25) martis Semdeg. da

rogor miaRwia man ruseTis eklesiasTan urTierTobis normalizacias. `vi-

sac surs gaecnos Cveni eklesiis warsuls _ werda uwmidesi kalistrate _

unda moinaxulos ubisa, yinwvisi, gelaTi, sveticxoveli... maSin is darwmun-

deba, rom saqarTvelos eklesias Tamamad SeuZlia warsdges didi erebis

eklesiebTan da Tqvas is mcire naSTi, rac Cemi warsulidan gadaurCa,

cecxlsa da maxvils riT Camouvardeba Tqvens mtrisagan xeluxlebel

Zeglebso~.94

uwmidesi kalistrate sagangebod ikvlevda qarTuli poeziis mSvenebas,

SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosans~. qeTevan nucubiZis gadmocemiT Salva nu-

cubiZe `vefxistyaosnis~ saiubileo dReebSi bevrs ecada gamoeqveynebina k.

ekaSvilis fsevdonimiT Sesrulebuli uwmidesi kalistrates naSromebi,

magram ver moaxerxa. 1966 wels uwmidesi kalistrates cxovrebisa da moRva-

weobis ubadlo mcodnem prof. mixeil qavTariam SoTa rusTavelisadmi

miZRvnil istoriul-filologiur ZiebanSi (gv. 227-274) gamoaqveyna uwmidesi

kalistrates werili `vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris msoflmxedvelobisaTvis.

rogorc samarTlianad aRniSnavs profesori n. papuaSvili `amiT mkvlevarma

SoTa rusTavelis RvTismetyveleba axleburad gaiazra, riTac daupirispir-

da im droisaTvis sazogadoebaSi gabatonebul azrs `vefxistyaosnis~ avto-

ris araqristianobis an aramarTlmadideblobis Taobaze da cxadyo genia-

luri poemis orTodoqsul-qristianuli mrwamsi. man erT-erTma pirvelma

miagno nawarmoebis siuJetis qristianul interpretacias: rom poemis perso-

naJebsa Tu fabulis wiaR unda gaviazroT saxarebis umTavresi moZRvreba

sinanuliT RmerTTan miaxlebisa da, am gziT, pirovnebis srulqmnis Sesaxeb,

rom avTandili da TinaTini _ erTis mxriv da nestani da tarieli- meore

mxriv, sxvadasxva religiur-zneobrivi xasiaTebia, rom RmerTs daSorebuli

da gzasacdenili adamiani qristesmieri naTelRebiT Tu gabednierdeba~.95

uwmides kalistrates arqivSi inaxeba misi SeniSvnebi mose gogiberiZis sa-

gazeTo statiaze `SoTa rusTaveli da neoplatonizmi~.

1929 wels mitropolitma kalistrate vrceli naSromi miuZRvna nikifore

irbaqis vinaobis sakiTxs. mkvlevaris mecnieruli azriT `qarTveli nikifore

iyo ierusalimis qarTuli monastris winamZRvari, romelic Semdeg episkopo-

sis xarisxiT Seimosa. Teimuraz pirvelma 1626 wels swored is wargzavna ev-

ropaSi elCad, sadac man stefane paolins xeli gaumarTa qarTul-italiur

leqsikonze muSaobisas. ierusalimis qarTuli monastris imdroindel aRa-

pebsa Tu sxva dokumentebze dakvirvebam, qarTvel mematianeTa da kaTolike

misionerTa cnobebma, aRniSnuli leqsikonis gaanalizebam mecnieri im

daskvnamde miiyvana, rom nikifore irbaqi igive nikifore irubaqiZe _ Colo-

yaSvilia... mkvlevari fiqrobs, nikifore arasodes gakaTolikebula da asru-

lebda golgoTis qarTul monasterSi iRumenis movaleobas~.96

uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem safuZvliani SeniSvnebi daurTo

saqarTvelos istoriis pirvel saxelmZRvanelos, romlis samuSao varianti

1940 wels gamovida akademikosebis iv. javaxiSvilis, s. janaSiasa da n.

berZeniSvilis avtorobiT.

uwmidesi kalistrates mecnieruli kvlevis inetresTa sfero mravalmxri-

vi iyo, gasaocaria rogor axerxebda yvelafris saqmis kursSi yofnas. prof.

b. arvelaZe aRniSnavs l. meliqseTbegs toponimi `godoRnini miaCnda moRni-

nis damaxinjebul formad~.97 uwmidesi kalistrate prof. l. meliqseT-begs

piradi weriliT gamoepasuxa, sadac aRniSna, rom jer 1922 w. saqarTvelos

muzeumis moambeSi da Semdeg 1935 w. literaturul memkvidreobaSi cdilobT

godoRninisa da moRninis identurobis damtkicebas, magram... `�� Rnini-

sad gadmoqarTuleba saeWvod mimaCnia!~98 uwmidesma kalistratem gamoTqva

safuZvliani varaudi, rom aq ufro imereTis godogania nagulisxmevi.

1938 wlis 18 ianvars prof. sargis kakabaZisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi aR-

niSnavda `es aris wavikiTxe `abdulmesianis~ winasityvaoba Tqven (ukve meo-

red) gamogaqvs mniSvnelovani daskvnebi... magram am strofs araviTari kavSi-

ri ar aqvs Cvens warsulTan. aq mxolod Sedarebaa Sesxmisa sagnisa nestor

mowamesTan, romelmac daloca leo sabrZolvelad misma moZRvarma dimitri

mTavarmowamem~.99

sagangebod unda SevexoT uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis kalistrates naSroms `qvaSveTis wmidis giorgis ek-

lesia tfilisSi~, romelic 1994 w. gamoica gamomcemloba `kandelis~ mier

prof. mixeil qavTarias saZieblebis darTviTa da bolosityvaobiT. aRniSnu-

li naSromi avtorma daamTavra 1930 wlis 25 marts. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom am naSromiT avtorma daamtkica saqarTvelos istoriaSi Rrmad ganswav-

luloba saistorio wyaroebisa da monografiuli naSromebisadmi sanimuSo

damokidebuleba. pirvel TavSi saistorio wyaroebis monacemebis safuZvelze

warmoCenilia qvaSveTis pirveli da meore taZris istoria. avtoris daskvniT

VI saukuneSi agebulma mcire taZarma iarseba XVIII s. 50-ian wlebamde.

`qvaSveTis meore taZari rom givi amilaxvars auSenebia, amas adasturebs ie-

se ises Ze, romelic, rogorc Cans, friad daaxloebuli yofila

amilaxvrianT ojaxTan... sparseTidan dabrunebis Semdego, wers iese, amilax-

varma givi qaSueTi moigona, aaSena didebulis mTavarmowamis giorgis saxel-

ze-o~.100 uwmides kalistrates dakvirvebiT givi amilaxvris mier agebuli ek-

lesia iyo jvris saxed da jvris boloebis momrgvalebiT, romelsac hqonda

saucxoo kedlis mxatvrobac, magram XX saukunis dasawyisSi eklesias gauCn-

da napralebi da yovelwuTs mosalodneli iyo misi dangreva, amitom gadawy-

da axali eklesiis aSeneba. naSromSi avtori, rogorc qaSueTis mesame ekle-

siis mSeneblobis monawile dawvrilebiT aRweras Tu ra siZneleebi iyo axa-

li taZris damTavrebamde.

meore TavSi `qvaSveTis taZris karmidamo~ aRwerilia eklesiis mimdebare

teritoriebi, 1837 wels SeukeTebiaT eklesiis galavani. 1857 w. ki Sedgomian

aleqsandres baRis gaSenebas. avtori ar iviwyebs eklesiis garSemo arsebul

Senoba-nagebobebis istorias. uwmidesi kalistrates aRniSnuli Sroma imiTa-

caa saintereso, rom dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs eklesiaSi dacul siwmin-

deebsa da uZrav-moZrav qonebaze, romelTa umravlesoba dRes dakargulad

iTvleba. naSromis meoTxe Tavi `eklesiis winamZRvrebi~ winamZRvarTa Tana-

Semweni, diakonni, wignismkiTxvelebi, mnaTeebi, samrevlo sabWo, mgalobelTa

gundi, samrevlo skola da misi moRvaweni... gacocxlebulia XVIII-XX sauku-

neebis saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis araerTi gamoCenili sasuliero pi-

ris saxe. avtorma istoriis daviwyebas gamostaca es adamianebi. damatebanSi

eklesiaSi daculi (dRes dakarguli) sabuTebis saSualebTi warmogvidgina

naTelRebulTa, jvardawerilTa, anderZagebulTa, taZarSi da taZris gala-

vanSi dasaflavebulTa saxelebi. uwmidesi kalistrate ama Tu im sasuliero

piris xsenebisas gadmogvcems masze arsebul yvela cnobas. es naSromi

faqtiurad enciklopediuri, Seucvlelia, visac surs qaSueTis eklesiis is-

toriaze raime informacia mas gverds ver auvlis. prof. mixeil qavTarias

samarTliani daskvniT: `qvaSveTis eklesiis istoria, rogorc wigns hqvia,

avtoris CanafiqriT mxolod erTi, Tundac didebuli taZris istoria ki ar

unda yofiliyo, aramed Tbilisis siZveleTa istoriac da keTilSobiluri

valis moxdac im adamianTa xsovnis winaSe, romelnic uxmaurod akeTebdnen

TavianT saqmes, inaxavdnen ganaTlebis keTilSobilur tradiciebs da qveynis

siyvarulis CiraRdans~.101

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates kalams ekuTvnis naSromebi: `iveriis

saeklesio wesi~, mcxeTa da misi taZari `sveticxoveli~. XIX-XX saukuneebis

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriis vercerTi mkvlevari

gverds ver auvlis mis mogonebebs. am mogonebebSi cocxldeba saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis iseTi faqtebi, movlenebi, romelTac sxvagan versad ver

ipovi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis yovelwliuri kalendari

pirvelad daibeWda 1918 wels, romelic Seudgenia uwmidessa da unetaress

kirion II. samwuxarod am kalendris arcerTi egzemplari ar Semonaxula.

1927-1929 wlebSi saeklesio kalendari Seudgenia sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq qristefore III. 1930 wels saqarTvelos sakaTalikosi

sinodma miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

kalendris Sedgena daevalos mitropolit kalistrates. uwmidesi kalistra-

tes arqivSi inaxeba masalebi Tu rogori pasuxismgeblobiTa da mecnieruli

sizustiT adgenda igi saeklesio kalendrebs. uwmidesi kalistrates mier

Sedgenili saeklesio kalendrebi gansakuTrebuli ndobiT sargeblobda ro-

gorc morwmuneTa, aseve mecnierul wreebSi. kalendris egzemplarebs sagan-

gebo warweriT saCuqrad ugzavnida i. stalins, l. berias, k. Carkvians.

mniSvnelovania misi naSromi `qarTuli odikisaTvis~ `ganxilulia isto-

riul-kulturuli TvalsazrisiT sayuradRebo sakulto saganTan dakavSire-

buli rigi sakiTxi. moTxrobilia istoria odikisa, saerTod da kerZod, qar-

Tuli odikisa: Tu pirvelad rodis da saidan unda SemoetanaT CvenSi xel-

nakeTi Tu dabeWdili odikebi~.102

qarTveli mecnierebi siamovnebiT usaxsovrebdnen TavianT uaxloes gamokv-

levebs, monografiebs uwmides kalistrates, yuradRebiT ismendnen mis

argumentirebul SeniSvnebs da gaocebas ver malavdnen rogor axerxebda es

asakovani mwyemsmTavari amdeni informaciis miRebas. uwmides kalistrates

gansakuTrebiT uyvarda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, gangebam

RvTisam mas arguna episkopos kirionTan erTad ekurTxebina is adgili, sa-

dac Semdeg Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis I korpusi aSenda, xolo

1918 wels ukve dekanozi kalistrate uwmidessa da unetares sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II erTad gadaixdis samadlobel

parakliss saqarTveloSi mecnierebis am didebuli taZris gaxsnis gamo.

uwmidesma kalistratem araerTxel gadasca Zvirfasi xelnawerebi, wignebi

Tbilisis universitetis siZveleTa sacavs, xolo Tavisi biblioTeka saqarT-

velos mecnierebaTa akademias usaxsovra.

aseTi mravalmxrivi iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

kalistrate cincaZis cxovreba da moRvaweoba. dro swrafad mihqris... amqvey-

niur cxovrebas toveben is adamianebi, vinc axlos icnobda uwmidessa da

unetares kalistrates, magram mis saxels daviwyeba arasodes uweria. igi

yovelTvis Cveni Tanamedrovea.

kalistrate cincaZe

cxovreba da moRvaweoba (mokle qronologia)

1. 1866 w. 12 aprili, daibada sof. tobanierSi. vanis raioni.

2. 1875-1882 wlebSi swavlobda quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi.

3. 1882-1888 wlebSi swavlobda Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi.

4. 1888-1892 wlebSi swavlobda kievis sasuliero akademiaSi.

5. 1893-1903 wlebSi RvTismsaxurebas eweoda Tbilisis didubis eklesiaSi.

6. 1903-1932 w.w. iyo qaSueTis wm. giorgis eklesiis winamZRvari.

7. 1917 wlis 17 seqtembridan iyo saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos wevri.

8. 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlidan 12 aprilamde asrulebda sakaTalikoso

sabWos Tavmjdomaris movaleobas.

9. 1923 wlis 13 ianvridan 1925 wlis martamde iyo dapatimrebuli antisab-

WoTa braldebiT.

10. 1925 wlis 31 oqtombers ayvanil iqna episkoposis xarisxSi, imave dRes

mieboZa mitropolitis wodeba da skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis uf-

leba, dainiSna saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis mudmiv mosaydred.

11. 1927 wlis 12 ianvars piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze gaTavisuflda

ninowmindelobisagan.

12. 1927 wlis 9 aprils piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze gaTavisuflda

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydreobidan.

13. 1932 wlis 21 ivniss igi arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqad. 24 ivniss sveticxovelSi moxda misi aRsaydreba.

14. 1943 wlis 31 oqtombers ruseTis eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis teritorialuri avtokefalia.

15. 1949 w. arCeul iqna moskovis sasuliero akademiis sapatio wevrad.

16. 1952 w. 3 Tebervali, gardaicvala uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate,

10 Tebervals dakrZales sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi.

8. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebi, mRvdelmTavrebi XX s.

20-50-iani wlebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg

1917 wlis saeklesio debulebis Tanaxmad gaixsna 15 eparqia, magram aRdge-

nil eparqiebSi maSinve ver moxerxda yvelgan gagzavniliyo mmarTveli

mRvdelmTavari. 1917-1932 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 17

mRvdelmTavridan 4 adre gardaicvala. 1. quTaTeli mitropoliti antoni

giorgaZe (gardaicvala 1918 w. 18 seqtembers). 2. alaverdeli episkoposi pi-

rosi oqropiriZe (gardaicvala 1922 w. 23 aprils), 3. quTaTeli mitropoliti

nazar leJava (bolSevikebma daxvrites 1924 wlis agvistoSi). 4. mitropoliti

giorgi aladaSvili (gardaicvala 1924 w.).

1927-1935 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadiebel eklesiaSi moqmed eparqiebad

iTvleboda: 1. manglisis, 2. urbnisis, 3. wilknis, 4. alaverdis, 5. bodbis, 6.

margveTis, 7. ninowmindis, 8. cxum-afxazeTis, 9. quTais-gaenaTis, 10. cageris.

am eparqiebs sxvadasxva dros xelmZRvanelobdnen mRvdelmTavrebi: daviT ka-

WaxiZe, simon WeliZe, melqisedek fxalaZe, stefane karbelaSvili, pavle ja-

fariZe, dimitri yubaneiSvili, aleqsi gersamia, efrem sidamoniZe, tarasi kan-

delaki, ieroTeoz aivazaSvili, ioane marRiSvili, dimitri lazariSvili,

gabriel CaCaniZe.

mitropoliti daviT kaWaxiZe. daibada 1872 wlis 15 oqtombers. Tbilisis

sasuliero seminariis damTavrebis Semdeg Sevida yazanis sasuliero akade-

miaSi. cnobili kritikosi ipolite varTagava, romelic yazanis akademiaSi

daviT kaWaxiZis Tanakurseli iyo, aRniSnavda `igi bavSvobidanve ganmartoe-

bul cxovrebas eweoda, uyvarda eklesiuri literatura.man iveriaSi daiwyo

publicisturi werilebis beWdva, mas winaswar ukiTxavda Tanakurselebs

yazanis akademiaSi. man sadiplomo Tema patristikaSi aiRo da brwyinvaled

Seasrula~103. 1899 w. daamTavra akademia. 1898 w. 8 maiss ekurTxa mRvdel-mona-

zonad: 1899 w.

dainiSna kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRmdgeneli sazogadoebis maswavleblad.

1902 w. samegrelos sasuliero saswavleblis zedamxedvelis TanaSemwea. 1903

wlidan solokamskis, xolo Semdeg _ polockis sasuliero saswavleblis

zedamxedvelia, 1905 w. donis seminariis reqtoria. 1907 w. 4 noembers daviT

kaWaxiZe akurTxes alaverdis episkoposad. episkoposma daviTma xma aRimaRla

saqarTvelos egzarqosis inokentis winaaRmdeg, romelic devnida episkopo-

sebs leonidsa da giorgis (aladaSvils). amitom 1912 wels gadaiyvanes

piatigorskSi, 1914 wels vinicis episkoposia, 1917 wlidan dabrunda saqarT-

veloSi. pirveli saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT dainiSna urbnisis epis-

koposad. 1921 wlidan Wyondidelad, 1923 w. baTum-Semoqmedelia, 1924 w. ala-

verdeli, xolo Semdeg quTaTel-gaenaTeli. episkoposi daviTi ar iziarebda

saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos pozicias, romelic bolSevikur saokupa-

cio xelisuflebas ar scnobda da ibrZoda qarTveli eris erovnuli da

sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis. episkoposi daviTi gamodioda xelisuf-

lebasTan TanamSromlobis kursis momxred da moiTxovda reformebs, ro-

gorc saeklesio mmarTvleobaSi, aseve saeklesio dogmatikaSi. igi iyo erT-

erTi iniciatori 1926 wlis dekemberSi quTaisis saeklesio krebis mowvevis

da sakaTalikoso sabWos, rogorc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

umaRlesi mmarTvelobiTi organos reorganizaciis. 1927 wlidan episkoposi

daviTi gaxda mitropoliti da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-

qis mosaydre. igi daundobel, tendenciur oponirebas uwevda mitropolit

kalistrate cincaZes, daupirispirda kaTolikos-patriarq qristeforesac.

1930 wlidan baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropolitia. 1935 wlis 19 marts gardaic-

vala baTumSi, uwmidesi da unetares kalistrates locva-kurTxeviT dakrZa-

les quTaisSi petre-pavles eklesiaSi. mis kalams ekuTvnis Sromebi `konda-

kis teqstis Sesworebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb~. `sityvebi~ (1912-1913 w.w.) `К. воспитанникам духовной семинарии и другие статый~ (1912 w.).

mitropoliti simeon WeliZe. daibada 1875 wels raWis mazris sof.

bugeulSi. pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba miiRo bugeulis samrevlo-saeklesio

saswavlebelSi. Semdeg swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi,

magram seminariaSi momxdari studenturi gamosvlebis Semdeg 1893 w. swavla

ganagrZo stavropolis seminariaSi. 1898 w. akurTxes mRvdlad. 1900 wlidan

iyo oseTis mazris samrevlo skolebis zedamxedveli. 1923 wlis noemberSi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi ambrosis locva-

kurTxeviT ayvanil iqna Wyondidel episkoposis xarisxSi. episkoposi simeoni

aqtiur monawileobas iRebda quTaisis saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. 1927

wlidan episkoposi simeoni urbnelia. 1930 wlis 6 oqtombridan quTaTel-gae-

naTeli mitropolitia. 1935 wlis 13 noembers TbilisSi gardaicvala mitro-

politi simeoni, romelic dakrZales sionis sapatriarqo taZris ezoSi. mit-

ropoliti simeoni TanamSromlobda Jurnal-gazeTebSi `mwyemsSi~,~ Sinaur

saqmeebSi~, `iveriaSi~, `cnobis furcelSi~. 1930-iani wlebis represiebs ver

gadaurCa misi xelnawerebi, mecnieruli memkvidreoba.

mitropoliti varlaami maxaraZe. daibada 1873 wlis 26 marts. 1895 w. daam-

Tavra Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. 1895-1897 wlebSi iyo didubis

eklesiasTan arsebuli samrevlo skolis medaviTne da maswavlebeli. 1897-

1914 wlebSi yofili goris mazris kavTisxevis wm. giorgis eklesiis da fo-

Tis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelia. 1914 wlis 20 oqtombers dainiSna erevnis

samaswavleblo institutsa da qalTa gimnaziis maswavleblad. imave dros

iyo institutis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis winamZRvaric. 1915 wlis 12 mai-

sidan yarsis hospitalis mRvdelia, 1916 wlis 28 oqtombridan erevnis qalTa

pirveli da vaJTa me-7 gimnaziis saRvTo sjulis maswavlebelia. 1919 wlidan

dabrunda saqarTveloSi, dainiSna ozurgeTis dawyebiTi saswavleblis

maswavleblad. 1926 wlis 7 marts sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarq ambrosis locva-kurTxeviT ayvanil iqna margveli episkoposis xa-

risxSi.

1929 wlis 12 Tebervals dainiSna cxum-afxazeTis episkoposad. 1930 wlis 25

oqtombridan mitropolitia. 1934-37 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

eklesiaSi umZimesi viTareba iyo, erTmaneTis miyolebiT ixureboda eparqiebi.

amitom mitropoliti varlaami ueparqiod darCa. 1937 w. uwmidesi kalistra-

tes locva-kurTxeviT dainiSna quTaTel-gaenaTelad, magram bolSevikurma

xelisuflebam antisabWoTa propagandis braldebiT daapatimra da gadaasax-

la. bevrs ecada uwmidesi kalistrate mis gaTavisuflebas, magram ver moa-

xerxa. mitropoliti varlami 1943 wels gardaicvala gadasaxlebaSi. misi

saflavic ucnobia. ase mowameobrivad daasrula Tavisi sicocxle am dide-

bulma sasuliero moRvawem.

mitropoliti ioane marRiSvili. daibada 1874 w. q. gorSi. 1893 wels daam-

Tavra goris sasuliero saswavlebeli da gamocda Caabara samrevlo skole-

bis maswavleblis wodebis misaRebad. 1893-1899 w.w. muSaobda jer goris, xo-

lo Semdeg yizlaris taZrebTan arsebuli samrevlo skolebis maswavleb-

lad. 1900 wlidan Crdilo kavkasiaSi aleqsandres samisionero gimnaziaSia.

imave wlis 28 oqtombers berad aRikveca. 1901 wlis 28 ianvars mRvdlad

akurTxes. 1904 wlidan quTaisis sasuliero seminariaSia, Semdeg Tbilisis

sasuliero seminariaSi. 1905-1906 wlebSi ioane naTlismcemlis da xirsis

monastrebis xazinadaria. 1906-1907 wlebSi peterburgis sasuliero akademiis

Tavisufali msmenelia. 1907-1910 wlebSi Tbilisis sasuliero seminariasTan

arsebuli samagaliTo skolis maswavlebeli. 1910-1914 w.w. moskovis sasulie-

ro akademiis studentia. 1914 wlis 2 seqtembridan quTaisis sasuliero

saswavleblis zedamxedvelis TanaSemwe. 1915 wlis 10 agvistodan goris sa-

suliero saswavleblis zedamxedvelia. imave wlis 20 agvistodan arqimand-

ritia. 1917 wlis 21 seqtembridan Tbilisis sasuliero saswavleblis maswav-

lebelia. 1919 wlis seqtembridan oqumis umaRlesi dawyebiTi saswavleblis

inspeqtoria. 1921 wlis 15 oqtombers uwmidesi ambrosis locva-kurTxeviT

ayvanil iqna cxum-afxazeTis episkoposis xarisxSi. 1923 wlis 17 dekembri-

dan episkoposi ioane mitropolitis pativSi iqna ayvanili. mitropoliti

ioane yvelanairad cdilobda saqarTvelos marTlmadiebeli eklesiis ufle-

bebis dacvas cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi. 1925 wlidan igi gadayvanil iqna

alaverdel mitropolitad, Semdeg urbnelad. 1926 wlis 3 noembridan baTum-

Semoqmedelia, 1928 wlis 4 oqtombridan bodbelia. mitropoliti ioane iyo

cnobili renegati episkoposis dimitri abaSiZis megobari da pativismcemeli.

man 1926 wlis 14 ianvars saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTali-

koso sabWos gansaxilvelad warudgina Tavisi samagistro disertacia:

`warmovadgen ra amasTanave Tqven uwmidesobis winaSe Cem samagistro diser-

tacias, yofili kievis sasuliero akademiis 19 profesoris mier xelmowe-

ril sabuTebs, romliTac me cnobili var Rirsad magistris xarisxis miRe-

bisa, umdablesad gTxovT, es sabuTebi ganxilul iqnas sakaTalikozo

sabWos sxdomaze da momeniWos RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxi~.104

sakaTalikoso sabWom ar miiCnia mizanSewonilad misTvis RvTismetyvele-

bis kandidatis xarisxis miniWeba, ramac igi gaanawyena. 1929 wlis 13 noem-

bers mitropoliti ioane gardaicvala ukiduresi materialuri SeWirvebis

pirobebSi. 17 noembers igi dakrZales sionis sapatriarqo taZris ezoSi.

dakrZalvas eswrebodnen: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi qris-

tefore III, mitropoliti kalistrate, episkoposebi ieroTeozi, melqisedeki,

efremi.

mitropoliti melqisedek fxalaZe (SemdgomSi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi). daibada 1872 wlis 2 noembers. 1896 wels daamTavra

Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. 1900 yazanis sasuliero seminaria. 1900-1915

wlebSi muSaobda quTaisis sasuliero saswavleblis, sasuliero seminariis,

belskis sasuliero saswavleblis da kameneck-prodolskis sasuliero semi-

nariis maswavleblad. 1915 wlidan tivrovskis sasuliero saswavleblis

zedamxedvelia. imave wlidan mRvdelia. 1917-1920 wlebSi muSaobda goris sa-

suliero saswavleblis zedamxedvelad. 1920-1922 wlebSi iyo umuSevari da

ganmosili. 1922-1925 wlebSi sionisa da anCisxatis dekanozia. 1925 wlis 14

oqtombers sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis locva-

kurTxeviT ayvanili iqna alaverdis episkoposis xarisxSi. 1928 wlis 24

marts gadayvanil iqna wilknelad. erTxans Tbilisis fericvalebis ekle-

siis winamZRvris movaleobasac asrulebda. 1935 wlis 2 ianvars uwmidesma

kalistratem gadaiyvana cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitad.

1944 wlis 30 aprilidan urbnisis eparqiis mmarTvelia. mas uwmidesi ka-

listrate did pativs scemda mas da gamocxadebuli hyavda kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydred. igi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saxe-

liT monawileobda moskovSi gamarTul samSvidobo konferenciebSi.

1952 wels arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad.

episkoposi stefane (vasil) karbelaSvili. daibada 1859 wels. 1881-1882

wlebSi iyo Tbilisis qalTa saeparqio saswavleblis maswavlebeli. 1882-1883

wlebSi moskovis konservatoriaSi swavlobs galobas. 1883 wlis 9 oqtom-

bers xeldasmulia Tbilisis wm. barbares eklesiis mRvdlad. 1855-1887 wleb-

Si nuxis samebis monastris mRvdelia. 1888-1903 wlebSi Tbilisis mixeil

mTavarangelozis saavadmyofos mRvdelia.1904-1905 wlebSi goris taZris

mRvdeli. 1906-1916 wlebSi wm. samebis eklesiis mRvdeli, 1916-1918 wlebSi wm.

barbares eklesiis mRvdeli. 1921-1922 wlebSi Telavis taZris dekanozi. 1922-

1925 wlebSi Tbilisis wm. ninos eklesiis dekanozi. 1925 w. 24 oqtombers

akurTxes bodbel episkoposad. 1928 wlis 24 marts gadaiyvanes alaverdis

episkoposad. igi iyo saeklesio galobaTa saukeTeso mcodne. saqarTvelos

xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia vasil karbelaSvilis fondi, am

fondSi aris mravali saintereso dokumenti, romelic adasturebs episkopos

stefanes mravalmxriv ganaTlebas da saqmianobas. igi iyo Seudrekeli da

mousyidveli adamiani. man saintereso sityva warmoTqva IV saeklesio kreba-

ze. `ra SevZineT Cven eklesias bolo aTi wlis manZilze? saubedurod vera-

feri, vinaidan Cven, rogorc qveynierebis mimarT da sakuTrebiTi vnebiT

gatacebulni ver avuReT alRo axal cxovrebas, ver gamovimuSaveT sazoga-

do gegma, gza da saerTo ena saqmisa da xalxis ukeTesad warmatebis da

keTilad moRvaweobisaTvis, raSic didi samarcxvino roli iTamaSa didebis-

moyvareobam, ampartavnebam, medidurobam, SurisZiebam~.105 mas miaCnda `saqarT-

velos saeklesio krebis debuleba unda iyos saqarTvelos avtokefaluri

eklesiis myari da Seuryeveli safuZveli da ara waramarad cvalebadi. ra-

Raca mosazrebaTa haerSi Camokidebul mdinarebaze, romelnic qrebian _ Cven

unda vecadoT Rirs muSakTa Semokreba da maTi Rirseulad dakmayofileba~.106

episkoposi stefane gardaicvala 1936 wels.

episkoposi pavle jafariZe. daibada 1888 wlis 1 maiss. imereTis sof.

xreiTSi, daamTavra quTaisis qalaqis saswavlebeli. 1906 w. gaxda Zveli aTo-

nis qarTuli monastris morCili. 1907 wels berad aRikveca aTonis monas-

terSi. 1910 wels guria-odiSis episkopos leonidis mier igi SiomRvimis

monasterSi xeldasxmul iqna mRvdelmonazonad. 1919-1920 wlebSi swavlobda

Tbilisis universitetSi da ismenda iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZis, gr.

wereTlis, S. nucubiZis leqciebs. 1921 wlis 21 Tebervals saqarTvelos saka-

Talikoso sabWosa da uwmidesi leonidis locva-kurTxeviT episkopos

daviTTan erTad monawileobda saeklesio siwmideebis Tbilisidan quTaisSi

gadatanis RonisZiebebSi. 1924 wlis martSi arqimandriti pavle gasamarTle-

bul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisa da sakaTa-

likoso sabWos wevrebTan erTad. 1924 wlis 18 aprils arqimandriti pavle

ayvanil iqna episkoposis xarisxSi _ wilknelad. igi fizikurad susti iyo,

xSirad avadmyofobda. 1928 w. episkoposi pavle gadayvanil iqna cxum-afxaze-

Tis eparqiis mmarTvelad, iqaurma notio havam kidev ufro daamZima misi

janmrTeloba. igi iyo saocrad Tavmdabali da usazRvrod moyvare Tvisi

samwysosi. SemorCenilia sveticxovlis mrevlis daxasiaTeba meufe pavlesi _

`igi samrevlosaTvis WeSmariti moZRvaria Tavisi wmida cxovrebiTa da mamaS-

viluri moqceviT yvelasaTvis Tanasworad nugeSis momcemia... CvenTvis

warmoudgenelia sveticxovlis taZari mis gareSe~.107 episkoposi pavle

gardaicvala 1929 wlis 3 noembers. igi 10 noembers dakrZales sveticxovlis

taZris ezoSi. XX saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi episkopos pavles saflavze

yovelTvis cocxali yvavilebis Taiguli iyo. es iyo misi madlieri mrevlis

didi siyvarulis gamoxatuleba.

episkoposi nestor yubaneiSvili. daibada 1853 wlis 5 seqtembers. 1877

wels daamTavra Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. 1877-1883 wlebSi samegrelo-

sa da quTaisis sasuliero saswavleblis maswavlebelia. 1883 wlis 9 ivniss

xeldasxmul iqna barsadokaxnis eklesiis mRvdlad. 1887 wlis 18 oqtombri-

dan quTaisis wm. giorgis eklesiis mRvdelia. 1909 wlidan quTaisis sakaTed-

ro taZris mRvdel-dekanozi. 1909 wlis 6 dekembridan mowameTis monastris

arqimandritia, Semdeg SuamTis, alaverdis, TeTri giorgis da gelaTis

monastris arqimandriti. 1924 wlis 18 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis

locva-kurTxeviT ayvanil iqna baTum-Semoqmedel episkoposis xarisxSi. 1926

wlis noemberSi Wyondidis episkoposad gadaiyvanes, 1928 wlis 24 marts

cagerelad, 1929 wlis 19 noembers wilknelad, man 1930 wlis 30 ivniss Tavi

daaneba RvTismsaxurebas da gavida pensiaze. gardaicvala 1938 wlis 15 iv-

niss, dakrZalulia quTaisSi safiCxiis samebis eklesiis galavanSi. mis ka-

lams ekuTvnis wignebi: `saxelmZRvanelo saRmrTo sjulis saswavleblad~,

`Semoklebuli Zveli da axali aRTqmis istoria~. `axsniTi locvebi~, `aTi

mcneba da simbolo sarwmunoebisa~, `saidumloebis axsna~, `qristes eklesia

da pirveli qristianebis cxovreba~ da sxva.

episkoposi aleqsi gersamia. daibada 1865 wlis 14 aprils. Tbilisis sasu-

liero seminariis oTxi klasis damTavrebis Semdeg dainiSna mestiis samrev-

lo skolis maswavleblad. 1890 wels sof. lailaSis diakonia, 1891 wlidan

mRvdeli. 1893 wlidan cageris taZris winamZRvaria, keTilmowese, leCxum-

svaneTis samrevlo skolebis meTvalyure da imereTis saeparqio sabWos

leCxumis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare. 1906-1925 wlebSi quTaisis wm. giorgis

eklesiis winamZRvaria. 1925 wlis 8 noembers uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis

locva-kurTxeviT ayvanil iqna cageris episkoposis xarisxSi. 1928 wlis 2

martidan iyo Wyondideli da baTum-Semoqmedelbi, 1930 wlis 1 seqtembridan

wilknis eparqiis mmarTvelia. gardaicvala 1938 wlis 7 Tebervals. dakrZa-

lulia TbilisSi, sionis sapatriarqo taZris ezoSi.

episkoposi ieroTeoz aivazaSvili. daibada 1862 wlis 6 noembers, 1888

wels daamTavra Tbilisis seminaria. imave wlis 14 noembers amierkavkasiis

keTilSobil qalTa institutis eklesiis diakvnad akurTxes, xolo 1889

wlis 24 aprils dainiSna Telavis raionis Sildis eklesiis mRvdlad. 1901

wlis 19 marts gadaiyvanes Tbilisis wm. nikolozis eklesiaSi, 1903 wlis 3

marts gadaiyvanes wm. ekaterines eklesiaSi. 1907 wlis 20 seqtembers Tbili-

sis xarfuxis wm. nikolozis eklesiis winamZRvrad gadaiyvanes. 1916 wlidan

samebis eklesiis winamZRvaria. 1928 wlis 16 noembers akurTxes ninowmindis

episkoposad, 1929 wlis 20 noembridan bodbis episkoposia. gardaicvala 1942

wlis 28 oqtombers, dakrZalulia sionis sapatriarqo taZris ezoSi.

mitropoliti efrem sidamoniZe (SemdgomSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqi efrem II). daibada 1896 wels goris mazris sof. doesSi. go-

ris sasuliero saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg 1912 wels swavla ganagr-

Zo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. 1919 wels man swavla ganagrZo Tbili-

sis saxelmwifo universitetSi sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetze. 1921 wlis

21 dekembers gancxadebTi mimarTa uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosis: `Tqveno

uwmidesobav, bavSvobidanve maqvs miswrafeba da midrekileba beruli cxovre-

bisa... aw momwifebul asakSi miRweuli, sruli Wkua-gonebiT da saRi Segne-

biT aRWurvili kadnierebiT gTxovT, aRmkvecod berad da RirsmyoT

mRvdelmonazvnis xarisxze asayvanad.

me mwams, miuxedavad am Sav ukuRmarTi droisa da saeWvo wuTisoflisa

Tqveni uwmidesoba ndobis TvaliT da guliT Sexvdeba am Cems miswrafebas

da momcems saSualebas samRvdelmonazvno xarisxSi myofs SemeZlos winaSe

wm. trapezisa aRvavlino locva-vedreba RmrTisadmi, samSoblosadmi da Cveni

mravaltanjuli eklesiis bednierebisaTvis~.108

1921 wlis 14 ianvars bermonazoni efremi xeldasxmul iqna ierodiakvnad.

1923 wlidan igi iyo SiomRvimis monastris winamZRvari. 1925 wlis 22 oqtom-

bers ayvanil iqna arqimandritis xarisxSi da dainiSna borCalos mazris

mTavarxucesad. 1927 wlis 25 martidan mcxeTa-Tbilisis qorepiskoposia. 1927

wlis 26 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTve-

lis mitropolit qristefores mier ayvanil iqna mangleli episkoposis xa-

risxSi. `dae, mRvdelmTavroba Cemi maswavebdes Cemsa uRirsebaze, uZlureba-

ze... episkoposis movaleobaa iqadagos WeSmariteba, iyos brZeni, cxovrebiT

ubralo iyos mtkice, brwyinavdes saqmeni misni, dae, aRsruldes gangeba

RvTisa~ _ aRniSna arqimandritma efremma episkoposad kurTxevisas.

1927 wels episkoposi efremi cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelad dainiS-

na, 1927 wlis 17 oqtombridan alaverdelia, magram adgilobrivi partiuli

organoebis zewolis gamo iZulebuli gaxda daetovebina eparqia, erTxans

iyo Tbilisis wm. barbares eklesiis winamZRvari. 1930 wlis 24 oqtombridan

urbnisis eparqiis mmarTveli. 1936 wlidan igi quTaTel-gaenaTeli episkopo-

sia. 1937 w. antisabWoTa saqmianobis braldebiT episkoposi efremi daapatim-

res, 8 weli gaatara gadasaxlebaSi. 1944 wels uwmidesma kalistratem moa-

xerxa misi samSobloSi dabruneba. 1945 wels mas mieboZa mitropolitis pa-

tivi. 1953 wlamde iyo quTaisis eparqiaSi, xolo Semdeg sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevamde (1960 w.), baTum-Semoqmedisa da Wyondi-

dis eparqiebis mmarTveli.

episkoposi tarasi kandelaki. daibada 1871 w. gorsi mazris sof. koxtis-

xevSi. 1890 wels man daamTavra Tbilisis saTavadaznauro progimnazia. 1891

wlidan iyo qvaTaxevis monastris medaviTne. 1899 wlidan iyo saingiloSi.

1900 wlis 4 maiss akurTxa ierodiakvnad. 17 maiss mRvdlad da dainiSna Suam-

Tis monastris xazinadrad. 1902 wlidan xirsis monasterSia. 1903 wlidan ar-

qimandriti tarasi xersonisa da odesis eparqiebSia. 1904 wlidan arqimandri-

ti tarasi episkopos kirionTan aris oriolis eparqiis xazinadrad.

1904 wlidan SeTavsebiT iyo saeklesio muzeumis gamge. erTxans episkopos

kirionTan erTad iyo soxumis eparqiaSi.

1908 wlis 10 ivlisidan Tbilisis feriscvalebis eklesiaSia. igi gahyva

gadasaxlebaSi episkopos kirions. 1918 wlis 26 ivniss igi axlda martyofis

monasterSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs uwmides kirion II...

1925 wlis 25 oqtombers sof. saqobos wm. stefanes eklesiis winamZRvaria.

1930 w. iyo kukiis wm. ninos eklesiis winamZRvari, 1931 wlis 29 noembers

dainiSna vladikavkazis wm. ninos eklesiis winamZRvrad, sadac man monaTla

irakli SiolaSvili (sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II).

1938 wlis 27 marts uwmidesi kalistrates locva-kurTxeviT dainiSna

sveticxovlis monastris winamZRvris moadgiled. 1939 wlis 19 marts ayvanil

iqna wilkneli episkoposis xarisxSi. igi gardaicvala 1951 wels, dakrZalu-

lia mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis ezoSi.

episkoposi dimitri lazariSvili. daibada 1870 wlis 16 seqtembers,

swavlobda Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi, 1889-1897 wlebSi iyo sionis

sakaTedro taZris medaviTne da kerZo diakoni. 1894-1904 wlebSi qaSueTis wm.

giorgis eklesiis diakonia, 1904 wlis 29 Tebervlidan mRvdeli, 1919 wlidan

dekanozi, 1933 wels dajildovda mitriT. 1914-1917 wlebSi iyo Tbilisis sa-

moqalaqo eklesiaTa keTilmowese, 1906-1914 wlebSi mcxeTis sveticxovlis

taZris aRdgenis komitetis xazinadaria, 1914-1917 wlebSi samxedro-savele

lazareTis mRvdelia, 1943 wlis 23 maiss uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistra-

tem akurTxa ninowmindel episkoposad. 1945 wlis 6 maiss dajildovda bart-

yulaze jvris tarebis uflebiT.

gardaicvala 1947 wlis 8 noembers, dakrZalulia TbilisSi qaSueTis ek-

lesiaSi.

mitropoliti gabriel CaCaniZe. daibada 1901 w. 1 ianvars goris mazris

sof. erTawmindaSi. 1913 wels Cairicxa Tbilisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi,

romlis damTavrebis Semdeg Cairicxa Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. 1921

wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultet-

ze, romlis damTavrebis Semdeg rogorc warCinebuli kursmosmenili dato-

vebul iqna Zveli msoflio istoriis kaTedris aspirantad, misi maswavleb-

lebi iyvnen prof. iv. javaxiSvili, prof. gr. wereTeli, prof. al namoraZe,

prof. gr. naTaZe. 1930 wlidan leqciebs kiTxulobda quTaisis pedagogiur

institutSi, 1935 wlidan SeTavsebiT aswavlida Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetSi Zveli aRmosavleTisa da antikuri qveynebis istoriis kur-

sebs.

1936 wlidan goris pedagogiuri institutis msoflio istoriis kaTedris

gamgea. 1939-1942 wlebSi Telavis pedagogiuri institutis msoflio istoriis

kaTedris gamgea. 1942 wels daicva sakandidato disertacia.

1948 w. 15 agvistos uwmidesi kalistrates locva-kurTxeviT xeldasxmul

iqna diakvnad. 19 agvistos mRvdlad. imave wels dainiSna soxumis sakaTedro

taZris winamZRvrad.

1949 wlis 7 ianvars ayvanil iqna dekanozis xarisxSi.

1949 wlis 20 dekembers aRikveca berad.

1951 wels uwmidesma kalistratem akurTxa alaverdis episkoposad.

1953 wlidan baTum-Semoqmedisa da Wyondidis episkoposia.

1953 welsave uwmidesi melqisedek III locva-kurTxeviT gadayvanil iqna

quTaTel-gaenaTel mitropolitad.

1956 wlis 3 ivliss mitropoliti gabrieli gardaicvala. dakrZalulia

sionis sapatriarqo taZris ezoSi.

mitropoliti antoni gigineiSvili. daibada 1882 wels soxumSi. pirveli

dawyebiTi ganaTleba miiRo soxumis skolaSi, Semdeg daamTavra quTaisis

sasuliero saswavlebeli, xolo 1905 wels dainiSna pedagogad gudauTis

skolaSi.

1914 wels xelodasxmul iqna mRvdlad. pirveli msoflio omis dros

RvTismsaxurebas eweoda stavropolis eparqiaSi. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis mowodebiT dabrunda saqarTveloSi da

dainiSna soxumis taZris winamZRvrad. 1952 wels aRikveca berad da imave

wels uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

kalistrates locva-kurTxeviT xeldasxmul iqna cxum-afxazeTis

episkoposad.

1954 wels ayvanil iqna mitropolitis xarisxSi. igi gardaicvala 1956

wlis 24 noembers. dakrZalulia soxumSi.

9. XX saukunis 20-50-ani wlebis

saeklesio dokumentebi

sityva

grigol orbelianis gardacvalebiTgan

ocdaxuTi wlis Sesrulebis gamo

Tqmuli dek. kalistrate cincaZis mier

ukeTu Ziri igi wmida ars,-

rtonica misni (rom. II,17)

-ityvis wmida mociquli pavle da am sityvaTa WeSmaritebas cxadad

aCvenebs cxovreba da piradoba Cvenis sasiqadulo mgosnis grigol

orbelianisa, vinaiTgan is sulis simtkice, grZnobaTa sinaze, msoflio

mxedvelobis sivrce, Cveulebis sifaqize, moqmedebis siqvele, miswrafebis

sicxovele, lxinTa Sveba, WirTa daTmena da feradferadTa saTnoebaTa

siuxve da TviT sibere-sikvdilamde SenarCuneba, _ nayofi iyo im saRis

sarwmunoebirvis grZnobisa, romelic STaenerga mis gulSi mSobels dedas,

sulmnaT xoreSans, im xoreSans, romelic `roca patara grigols eZina, mis

Tavzed loculobda da wmida aiazmas asxurebda mZinares...~

`WeSmaritad Tayvanismcemeli RvTisa, ambobs mgosani, ara iqadis

bednierebasa Tvissa da ara kargavs sasoebasa, rodesac mswrafl warmavlis

cxovrebis gzaze ubedureba rom SeemTxveva. am cru qveyanaSi yovelive

warmavali da momakvdavia. daSTebian mxolod keTilni saqmeni, romlebiTac

mosavi RvTisa unda warudges bolos yovlisSemZlebelisa samarTalsa. da

vai imas, vinc yovelive ese uwyoda da ar Seasrula! xolo dideba

ukvdavebisa mas, vinc mtkiced da Seuryevlad adga xsnis gzasa...

cxadia, rom amgvarad mazrovnebeli mgosani arodes gadauxvevda RvTis

mier naCvenebs cxovrebis gzasa da mTels Tavis ZalRones moaxmarebda

moZmeTaTvis Sromasa da mecadineobasa. da aki amisTvis iyo, roca mgosanma

miiRo iseTi didi adgili, romelic nakleb Sromas da zrunvas moiTxovda

misgan, - Cioda: `Tanamdeboba Cemi aris mSvidobiani, uSfoTveli, uzrunveli,

savse amaoebis cxovrebiTa, romelsac ver SevCvevivar aqamomdis da iqneba

verc sikvdilamdis SeveCvio-o~. im SemTxvevaSi, roca Sroma ar

daugvirgvindeboda Sesaferisad, guls ar itexda da kvalad ganagrZobda

muSaobas: `maqvs sasoeba da imedi RvTisa, swers igi Tavis dRiurSi,

mfarveloba misi cxadad vigrZen ramdenjerme. da amisaTvis ar vwuxvar, gina

sada gadamagdos me borotman mxedrman Cemman~.

`dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa, romlisa nebiTa brunavs sofeli ese da

yoveli mas Sina msoflio midis daniSnul misganve gzaze~, - swers igi

ruseTis jaris osmaloze gamrjvebis Semdeg.

ufro cxadad da mkafiod es RvTisa mimarT sasoeba mgosnisa gamoCnda

maSin, roca Samilma daatyveva misi axlo naTesavebi. es naTesavTa tyved

wasxma man CasTvala RvTisa mier movlenil sasjelad. Tumca yvela Rone

miiRo maT gasaTavisufleblad, magram datyvevebulTa bediRbali mainc

ufals miando: `sasjeli ese RvTisgan momergo, swerda igi Samils, da mec

ar vdrtvinav, miss wmida nebas vemorCilebi...~ da ufalmac ar daagdo

sasoeba misi!

ganicada ra mgosanma, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda saR sarwmunoebriv

grZnobas mis pirad cxovrebaSi, moindoma am grZnobis ganvrcoba-ganviTareba

mozard Taobis gulSiac. `me minda, _ swers igi Tavis rZals, _ rom Seni

vaJis norCi guli sarwmunoebiT iyo ganmsWvaluli, romlis gareSe kaci am

qveynad ubeduria. msurs, rom Cemi Zmiswuli marTlmadidebeli

(sarwmunoebiTa) da evropis mecnierebiT ganaTlebuli, safrangeTis axal

filosofiis biwierebis ideebiT wauryvneli qarTveli iyos...~ Cans, poetis

azriT, qarTveloba, evropis mecnierebiT ganaTleba da marTlmadidebeli

sarwmunoeba - ganuyrelni unda iyvnen urTierT Soris...

da vinaTgan amas ver xedavda igi samocian wlebSi samoRvawod

axalgamosulTa wreSi, ieremiasebr godebda da aRSfoTebiT werda, rom

axal moRvaweTa meoxebiT,

`yrmani sawyalni,

ubiwo gulni,

swavlad mosulni, waxdnen zneobiT!..

usasoeba,

urwmunoeba

umanko gulSi Rrmad Caunerges;

`locva rad gvinda?

RmerTi rad gvinda?

Cveni goneba ars Cveni RmerTi...~,- eubneba mgosani uaryofiTi filosofiis

mimdevar moRvaweT,

`da Tqveni sibrZnis nayofi - Sxami!..

RmerTi ar aris?

SenTvis nu aris!

Sen ra gawuxebs.

rom sufevs sxvisTvis?!..~

amis gamo poeti Tavisi tkbili leqsebiT xSirad ganmartebs qristeanulis

sarwmunoebis mniSvnelobas da gveubneba, rom WeSmariti sarwmunoeba:

1. aRafrTovanebs adamianis gonebas:

`RmerTo, vin miswvdes Sengan qmnils,

mis feruTvalavs Svenebas?

sibneles aqrob naTeliT,

sikvdiliT hbadav cxovrebas!...~

2. uCvenebs adamians gzas cxovrebisas da aRZravs qmnad keTilisa da

devnad borotisa:

`ra aris Cveni sicocxle,

Tu ara saqme keTili?

Tu ar aRvadgenT dacemuls,

ar veqmneT nugeSmcemeli?

Tu ara vsdevniT borotsa,

marTlis ara varT mfarveli?!

sxvis kvneba Tu ar gvawuxebs,

sxvisa ar gvesmis tkivili?!

am azris gulsa danergviT

vsdevnideT sulmokleobas!

vsdevnideT Zalas damCagvrels

da missa usamarTlobas!

vsdevnideT kacis wambilwvels,

uwmindur angaarebas!

vsdevnideT yovels, rac uSlis

kacisa sulis maRlobas!...

3. mianiWebs Svebas tvirTmZimeTa da maSvralT, ganaspetakebs maT sulsa da

guls, da uRviZebs adamianur grZnobebs. saxarebis sityvebio, ambobs

grigolis muSa boqulaZe,

`zogjer Tumca ar mesmis,

magram guls ki uxaria mis smena!

suls mimagrebs Zali nugeScemisa,

zeciuris madliT ganaTebuli!

gulSi hqreba Relva borotebisa...

vgrZnob simSvides... locvebsa vigoneb...

magondeba dReni ymawvilobisa,

xma dedisa, misi tkbili alersi...

Tvalwin vxedav didxans daviwyebulTa

da aRar vswyev Cems Sobis dRes, Cems bedsa...

maSin Sromac didad miadvildeba,

da mas Rames mZinavs ise mSvidobiT,

TiTqos Cems qoxs dahfrinven angelozni~...~

amas gvaswavlida, amas gviqadagebda Cveni sayvareli mgosani, magram

sazogadoebam imas sul sxvagvari maswavlebloba miawera: CvenSi miRebulia

is azri, rom grigol orbeliani mqadagebelia Sveba-lxenis kultisa,

maRmerTebelia wuTieris siamovnebisa...

zemonaTqvamis Semdeg nuTu es dasajerebelia, anda marTalia?! marTali

da dasajerebeli aq is aris, rom gr. orbeliani siamovnebas, Svebas da

lxenas saWirod sTvlis adamianisTavis da ar uaryofs maT. magram, Tu

siamovnebaTa gancda codvaa, maS rad eZiebs mas mTeli kacobrioba, rad

eswrafeba mas didica da patarac, mecnierica da umecaric, mdidaric da

Raribic? saidan Cans, rom ama qveyniur siamovnebaTa gancda codva iyves?

gana TviT saRmrTo werili, romelic safuZvlianad hqonda Seswavlili da

SeTvisebuli grigols, ar gveubneba: Rvino axarebs gulsa kacisasa (fsal.

103,15) da: sicilsa hyofen puri, Rvino da zeTi, da rom igi Svebulhyofs

cocxalTa-o (ekles. 10,20)? igive saRmrTo werili ar ityvis: ixarebdi,

Wabuko, siWabukesa Sensa... magram vidodi gzaTa Sina uflisa SenisaTa

ubiwod (iqve 10,10)? da kvalad: mieciT TafluWi myofTa mwuxarebasa Sina, da

Rvino smad myofTa tkivneulebaTa Sina, raTa daiviwyon siglaxake da

tkivili ara moixsenon mermeRa (igavni solom. 91,5-70? gana TviT macxovarma

ar ineba mislva qorwilsa wylis Rvinod SecvliT (ioan. 2,I-II)? gana man ar

gvibrZana: eZiebdiT pirvelad sasufevelsa RmrTisasa da simarTlesa misasa

da ese yoveli (qveyniuri saSvebelni) SegeZinos Tqven (matT. 6,33)?

Cans, siamovnebaTa gancda ar aris codva, Tu igi ar daimorCilebs

adamians, ar daatyvevebs mis Tavisufals sulsa da ar Selaxavs mis

aznaurebas! yovelive jer ars Cemda, ityvis wmida mociquli pavle, aramed

ara yoveli umjobes ars; yovelive jer ars Cemda, aramed me aravissa

xelmwifebasa davemorCilo-o (I kor. 6,12). Cveni mgosanic xom upirveles

yovlisa gvaswavebs da aRgvZravs Zebnad sasufevelisa, qmnad keTilisa,

devnad borotisa da aRrCevad umjobesisa?!...

maS, sayvarelno, avxadoT Cvens sasiqadulo mgosans es ciliswameba,

gadavafaroT zewari daviwyebisa nebsiTa da uneblieTTa SecodebaTa misTa,

SevavedroT igi iesos tkbilsa da aRvibeWdoT gulis ficarze Semdegi

sityvebi, romelSidac Caqsovilia am didebuli qarTvelis

msoflmxedveloba:

`mieciT niWsa gza farTo,

Tayvaniscema Rirsebas;

niWs aZlevs zena mxolod kacs

da ara gvariSvilobas.

kaci is aris, vinc aris

zegardmo madliT cxebuli;

mis mxolod Rvawli ars keTili,

miT mxare damSvenebuli...~

da mermed:

`igi aRvides mas mTasa wmidasa,

RvTisa didebiT galobiTa naTelmosili,

vinc am soflis didebasa, mzeebr mnaTobsa,

monebr ar gasdevs, scnobs ra miss Suqs

fuW-warmavalsa,

vinc Zlierebas xmiTa maRliT amcno simarTle,

da Zmas dacemuls misca xeli da aRadgina...~

amin.

(warmoiTqva qvaSveTSi, sadac grigol orbeliani asaflavia, 1908, III.23).

sityva

giorgi daviTis Ze qarTveliSvilis

gardacvalebis gamo

Tqmuli mRvd. kalistrate cincaZis mier*

netar ars gza ege, romelsa warmarTebul xar Sen dRes,

rameTu adgili gansasvenebeli mogelis Sen.

samwuxaroa sikvdili yoveli adamianisa, magram ufro samwuxaroa igi

masin, roca micvalebuli Cveni keTili da maxlobelia. amisTvis, gavigebT

ra sikvdils Cvenis moZmisas da sayvarel adamianisas, mivecemiT xolme dids

mwuxarebas da glovas, viSsa da vaebasa. xandisxan Cveni mwuxareba imdenad

didia, rom orSi erTsa vrCeobT da wrfelis guliT vityviT xolme: an es

rad mokvda, an Cven raRad davrCiTo; umjobesi iqneboda, Cvenc amasTan

erTad davxociliyaviTo, anda; netavi Cven movmkvdariyaviT da es cocxali

yofiliyo. amas gvalaparakebs ara farisevluri angariSi raime, aramed

Wesmariti siyvaruli micvalebulisa...

erTi sityviT: sikvdili sayvarelis da maxlobelis arsebisa imdenad

TavSesazaria, rom Cven TiTqos gvaviwydeba kidevac, vina varT an rani varT?!

gvaviwydeba, rom varT kacni, sikvdilis Svilni, miwiTgan Seqmnilni da

miwadve miqcevadni! SeiZleba iTqvas vinmem: es asec unda iyoso, sikvdils

sixaruliT xom ar unda mivegebneTo, maS sikvdili saSiSari aRar yofilao?!

Tu gamovarkvevT sagans, Tu angariSs mivcemT Cvens Wkuasa da gonebas, maSin

marTlac davrwmundebiT, rom sikvdili samxiarulo Tu ar aris, arc Tu

saSiSaria!...

ra aris sikvdili, saiTgan an rogor warmodga igi? am Svidi aTasis wlis

winad RmerTma Seqmna kaci xatad Tvisad, xolo msgavseba RvTisa TiTon kacs

unda moepovebina da, Tu igi moipovebda msgavsebas RvTisas, maSin

Seiqmneboda xorcieladac ukvdavi. magram kacma ar ineba TaviTganve

Sesdgomoda im gzas, romelic miiyvanda mas RvTis msgavsebadmde, - ar ineba

sulieri SromiTa da RvawliT moepovebina xorcielebrivi ukvdaveba! man

moindoma pirdapir gaRmerTeba; moindoma is, rac misTvis miuwvdomeli iyo,

da amisTvis sawadels verad miwvda, dakarga ki mSvidoba sulisa da

simrTele sxeulisa, daavadmyofda, dasneulda. amis Semdeg, raRa saWiro iyo

sneulisa da avadmyofis kacis xorcielebrivi ukvdaveba, an am pirobebSi

ukvdaveba emjobineboda ki sikvdils?! diaxac, rom ara da amisTvis

yovladmowyale RmerTma kvalad mouvlina kacs mowyaleba Tvisi da ubrZana:

vinaiTgan Seni xorcielebrivi ukvdaveba sulieri da xorcieli tanjva

iqmneba SenTvisao, amisTvis - miwa xar da miwadve miiqecio. ai dRe,

romliTganac sikvdili flobs yovelTa kacTa zeda da yoveli da yovelive

emorCileba mas...

rogorc xedavT, sayvarelno, sikvdili aramc Tu savaldebulo yofila

kacisaTvis, aramed saWiro da sanatrelic. maS raRad vtiriT da raRad

vgodebT? iqmneba vtiriT da vglovobT misTvis, rom gveSinia: vai Tu

saukunod davkargeT Cveni Zvirfasi da sayvarelio, vai Tu veRar gveRirsos

misi naxvao? diax! yvelaze saSiSari da Sesazari swored rom es SiSia! Tu

moyvasi da Zvirfasi Cveni gvSordeba saukunod, Tu imas verasodes veRar

vixilavT, Tu is daikarga CvenTvis samaradisod, Tu is SeuerTda miwas ise,

rogorc kvamli SeuerTdeba xolme haersa da iq qreba, maSin sikvdilzed

usaSinelesi da kaczed uubeduresi aRara yofila ra qveyanazed. magram, ara,

amis winaaRmdegia TviT Wkua da goneba kacisa, romelnic ver urigdebian am

azrsa, amisive winaaRmdegia TviT ena, romelic sikvdils uwodebs

gansvenebas, miZinebas, amis winaaRmdegia TviT saRmrTo werili, romelic

hbrZanebs: ara gvnebavs umecreba Tqveni, Zmano, SesvenebulTa maTTvis, raTa

ara swuxdeT, viTarca igi sxvani, romelTa ara aqvT sasoeba; rameTu ukeTu

gvrwams, viTarca ieso mokvda da aRdga, egreca RmerTman Sesvenebulni igi

iesis mier moiyvannes misTana (I Tesal. 4,13-14) da kvalad: amin, amin getyvi

Tqven, rameTu romelman sityvanni Cemni isminnes da hrwmenes momavlinebeli

Cemi, aqvndes mas cxovreba saukuno, da sasjelsa igi ara Sevides, aramed

gardaicvalos igi sikvdilisagan cxovrebad (ioan. 5,24). aqeTgan cxadad Cans,

rom es SiSic usafuZvlo yofila; kaci ki ar kvdeba, ki ar ispoba, aramed

gardaicvleba sikvdilisagan cxovrebad; e.i. sikvdilis saSualebiT

gardasaxldeba sacxovreblad sasufevelsa RvTisasa, da amisi Tavmdebi

aris TviT macxovari Cveni, ufali ieso qriste, romelic mokvda da aRdga

da aRadgens yovelsave morwmunesa missa...

kvalad ityvis vinme: vici, kargad vici, sikvdili TviT imisTvis, vinc

mokvda, gansvenebaa Sromisa da mwuxarebisagan, vnebisa da borotebisagan,

sasiamovno miZinebaa, isic viciT, rom ZaliTa RvTisaTa igi kvalad aRdgeba

Tvisive sxeuliT da moyvasni da maxlobelni vixilavT erTmaneTs da

mivecemiT Svebasa da maxlobelni vixilavT erTmaneTs da mivecemiT Svebasa

da sixaruls ganusazRvrelsa, magram gulsa da suls gviwuxebs is, rom

adre iyo sikvdili misi, jer kidev saWiro iyo igi moyvasisa da

ojaxisaTvis. xSirad gvesmis xolme amgvari sayveduri da TiTqos

safuZvlianic aris is, vin ar icis, magaliTad, Tu ramdenad sasargeblo

adamiani iyo aw gansvenebuli giorgi daviTis Ze: RvTisa da eklesiis

moyvare, mamulisa da samSoblos erTguli, ojaxisa da colSvilisaTvis

Tavdadebuli, ganaTlebisa da mwignobrobis motrfiale, mRvdelTa da

monazonTa pativismcemeli, qvrivTa da obolTa ganmkiTxveli, patiosnebiT

aRsavse, dauRalavi muSaki da saeklesio warmomadgeneli Zvelis qarTvelis

darbaiselis mamakacisa, vis guls ar moxvda civad ambavi amis sikvdilisa,

vis ar uecxova gardacvaleba amisi? yovelive es WeSmaritebaa, magram vina

xar Sen, adamiano, rom iyvedrebi da ukmayofilebas acxadeb winaaRmdeg misa,

romelmanac ganaCinna dawesebuli Jamni da sazRvarisdadebani damkvidrebisa

pirsa zeda qveyanisasa yovelTa naTesavTa kacTasa (saq. moc. 17,26) da

romelic flobs cxovelTa da mkvdarTa zeda. nuTu ggonia Sen, adamiano,

rom is pirni, romelnic saWiroeben aw gansvenebulis siyvarulsa da

trfialebasa, SenTvis ufro maxlobelni arian, vinem misTvis, vinc gaacina

da dahbada igini, nuTu daoblebulisa da Sewuxebulis ojaxis Semwe da

nugeSismcemeli xar Sen da ara is, vinc mfrinvelTa cisaTa, romelni aras

sTesven, arca mkian, arca Seikreben saunjeTa, zrdis (matT. 6,26)?! maSasadame,

dReTa cxovrebisa CvenisaTa mflobeli, qvrivTa da obolTa patroni da

Semwe RmerTia da man, mamaman Cvenman zecaTaman, icis rai gvixms amaT

yovelTagan (mat. 6,32); uwyis, ra umjobesia CvenTvis, sikvdili Tu sicocxle,

obloba Tu dedmamianoba, siqvrive Tu colosnoba-qmrianoba. amisTvis,

mwuxareba da tirili, viSi da godeba aris saWiro ara micvalebulTaTvis,

romelTa qristes mier miiZines da ganisvenes, aramed CvenTvis da codvaTa

CvenTaTvis, romelTa simravle aRdgeba winaSe Cvensa da ver SesaZlebelad

hyofs Cvenda SemTxvevad wmidaTa Soris gansvenebulTa moyvasTa da

maxlobelTa CvenTa. ai es aris da unda iyos kidevac CvenTvis samwuxaro da

satirali da sxva ki ara ra.

maS, sayvarelno, mivmarToT mxurvale locviT mowyalesa RmerTsa, raTa

man, saxierman, aRxocos yovelni codvani da usjuloebani aw Sesvenebulisa

monisa Tvisisa giorgisa da daawesos suli misi wiaRTa Sina abraam, isaak

da iakobisaTa; xolo Cven, daSTomilni sawuTosa amas sofelsa, gvixsnas

yovlisagan Wirisa, risxvisa da iwroebisa, samarTlad Cven zeda

mowevnulisa. amin.

(warmoiTqva didubeSi 1901.09.30)

* Jurn. `mwyemsi~ 1901 w. #20

sityva

qarTuli Teatris Senobis ganaxlebis gamo

Tqmuli dek. kalistrate cincaZis mier

sayvarelno! qveynis Semoqmedma adamiani bednierebisaTvis gaaCina da am

miznis misaRwev saSualebad sulierTa da xorcielTa ZalTa varjiSoba anu

muSaoba dauniSna. magram, SuriTa eSmakisaTa, adamiani scTa da misi buneba

dauZlurda, ris gamoc muSaobis dros igi iRleba da, mis gansagrZnobad

sawiroebs ZalTa mokrebas, mosvenebisa da Seqceva-garTobis SemweobiT. da

ai, am saWiroebis dakmayofileba Tavs udvia xelovnebas sazogadod da

Teatrsa kerZod. xolo, samwuxarod, xelovneba xSirad am movaleobis

aRsrulebas gaurbis da adamians, cxovrebis ganmakeTilSobilebel-

ganmaviTarebel gasarTobis nacvlad, gareganis simSvenieriT Semkobils

Zlieris sawamlaviT savse fialas awvdis da Tavs marTlulobs miT, rom igi

cxovrebis sarkea...

xelovnebam unda dagvisuraTxatos namdvili cxovreba da misi maxinji

mxare, qvena grZnobaTa boboqroba da mravalgvarTa vnebaTa Relva, magram

man ar unda daiviwyos umaRlesi zneobrivi moTxovnileba: avs uwodos avi

da kargs - kargi, raTa xelovnebis taZriTgan ar warvideT saxid Cvenda

wambilwvel-gamaTaxsirebel ocneba-warmodgenebiT aRvsilni, aramed

ganmxnevebulni, aRfrTovanebulni da ganmzadebulni brZolad borotisa da

Sedgoomad keTilisa...

maS, SevevedroT zeciur mamas, rom ganaxlebuli ese taZari xelovnebisa

hyos man buded ubiwoebisa da sayofelad siwmidisa, xolo muSakTa misTa

misces Zali da simxne aRZrvad da aRzrdad CvenSi siyvarulisa misdami,

raodeni ars WeSmarit, raodeni patiosan, raodeni marTal, raodeni wmida,

raodeni sayvarel, raodeni saTno da raodeni qebul (filip. 4,8)...

amin.

sityva

ilias gardacvalebis gamo Tqmuli dek. kalistrate cincaZis mier qvaSveTis taZarSi 1907

wlis 1 seqtembers*

moixseneniT winamZRvarni igi

Tqvenni... da baZevdiT sarwmunoebasa

maTsa (ebr. 13.7)

gvamcnobs mociquli pavle da Cvenc, aRmsrulebelni am mcnebisa,

SevkrebilvarT dRes ilias sulis mosaxsenebelad. winadac mravaljer

SevkrebilvarT am taZarSi ama Tu im pativcemulis piris sulis

mosaxsenebelad, magram aseTi mwuxareba ver SegvimCnevia: dRes, dids Tu

pataras, qalsa Tu vaJs, ganusazRvrelis mwuxarebis niSani aRbeWdvia

saxezed. dRes TiTqmis yvelas daviwyebia sakuTari Wiri da varami da yvela

ilias dakargvas glovobs; ilia aRara gvyavs, ilia mogvikleso, _ gesmis

yovelmxriv...

am movlenis mizezi cxadia: yvela qarTvels ilia migvaCnda ara Tu marto

didebul mwerlad, anu fasdaudebel mgosnad, gina Tu gamoCenil da

sasiqadulo sazogado moRvawed, aramed da umTavresad, gzis maCvenebelad,

Wkuis maswavlebelad, anu sityvisaebr saRmrTo werilisa, - winamZRvrad.

WeSmaritad, `Wmunvasa da sixarulSi~ igi iyo Cveni nugeSis `STamgonebeli~

da Svebis momcemi, xolo `fiqris, saqmis, Sromis drosa~ xom imas badalic

ara hyavda: misi rCeva da darigeba usasodqmnils imeds Caunergavda gulSi

da bedisagan ganlaRebuls gansacdelisa da safrTxisagan daixsnida...

magram dRes ilia aRara gvyavs, ilia mogvikles, ilia mogvaSores da

mogvaSores swored maSin, roca misi qveloba da gamocdileba friad saWiro

iyo im mamulisaTvis, romlis ayvaveba _ aRorZinebazed igi ocnebobda

siyrmidam moxucebulebamde, mogvaSores uecriv da moulodnelad: dRes

`is aRar hyvavis am bnel qveyanad,

exla is aris mcxovrebi cisa...~

ra dagvSTenia daoblebulT? nuTu marto tirili da godeba, sulTqma da

wuxili? ara! marTalia, ilia mogvikles, ilia mogvtaces, magram mokles

ilias xorci da ara suli: `kacia - adamianis~, `glaxis naambobis~,

`aCrdilis~, `dimitri Tavdadebulis~ da mraval sxvaTa Semqmneli ver

mokvdeba qarTveli eris xsovnaSi; qarTvelTa eri ver daiviwyebs mas, vinc

muxlmodrekili da lmobierad evedreboda mamazeciers:

`msurs ganminaTldes ciT Cemi suli

Sengan mamcnebis sixaruliT amenTos guli~.

ver mokvdeba Cvens goneba-mexsierebaSi is, vinc

`wminda sityvas uSiSrad mohfenda xalxSi~

mudam dauviwyari iqneba is, vinc mozard Taobis aRmzrdelebs daJinebiT

uqadagebda:

`sazrdod xmarobde qristesa mcnebasa,

STaagonebde kacTa siyvaruls,

Zmobas, erTobas, Tavisuflebas,-

rom sikeTisTvis guli uTrTodes

da momavlisTvis bedTana brZodes~

saukunod saxsenebeli iqneba is, vinc gamudmebiT gikarnaxebda:

`vaJkac igia, vinc marTals

etyvis qveyanas mcdomsao,

vinc ar Seudrka mravalsa, xSiraT

marTlisTvis mwyromsao,

vinc kravs umankos ekrZalvis da pirSi

udga lomsao~

Cveni gonebidan ver amoiSleba saxeli misi, vinc dRemudam gveubneboda;

`kacad maSin xar sargebi,

Tu es wesi wesad darge

yovel dResa Sens Tavs hkiTxo,-

aba me dRes vis ra varge?~

samaradisod ukvdavi iqneba xsovna misi, visac

èris wyluli uCnda wylulad,

ewoda mis tanjviT suli,

mis bediT Tu ubedobiT

dadagvia mtkice guli...~

Cveni valia, ilias naTqvam _ naanderZevi saqmed vaqcioT, cxovrebaSi

ganvaxorcieloT da miT ilias sulic gavaxaroT da Cvens Tavsac

sargebloba movutanoT, vinaiTgan sarwmunoeba Tvinier saqmeTasa mkvdar ars

(iakob. 2,20). anu rogorc TviT ilia ambobs:

`cxovrebas aciskrovnebs suli saqmiT metyveli...

xolo am Savsa da ubedur dRes ki vanugeSoT Tavi miT, rom

àr aris mkvdari, vinc mohkvdes,

da xalxs Seswiros dRenia,

mkvdrad igi Tqmula, visac aq saxeli

ar darCenia...~.

amin!

* gaz. ìsari~ 1907 w. #193

kalistrate cincaZis mier Sedgenili

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis, uwmidesi leonides epistole mosko-

visa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, uwmindesi

tixonis mimarT*

mdabali leonide, wyalobiTa RvTisaTa da kaTolikoz-patriarqi sruliad

saqarTveloisa, sayvarel meufesa da qristes mier upatiosnessa Zmasa da

Tanamsaxursa, uwmides tixons, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs.

gamxsenebeli piruTvnelisa sarwmunoebisa Senisa (II tim. 1,5) da siyvaruli-

sa wmidiTa guliTa da keTiliTa sindisiTa (I tim. 1,5) WeSmaritebisadmi, ive-

riis eklesia ixarebda sixaruliTa didiTa, raJams iuwya aRsvla Seni ekle-

siazeda ruseTisasa da amrigad aRdgena masSi kanonikuri wesisa. garna 29

qristeSobisTvis 1917 wlis TariRis mesame nomriT aRnusxuli Seni episto-

lis miRebam es Cveni didi sixaruli Rrma mwuxarebTi Sescvala, vinaidgan

am epistoleSi Cven vera vpoveT Seni saTviso `mSvidobisa da siyvarulis

sityvani~, aramed mxolod braldeba qarTveli episkopozebisa masSi, rom maT

kanonikuri mimarTeba marTlmadidebel rusul eklesiasTan daarRvies da ar

daiyovnes droebiT mTavrobisagan gamoeajaT dadgenileba (27 marti, 1917).

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis, xolo amiTi sarwmunoe-

bisa da siyvarulis erToba daarRvies marTlmadidebel rusul eklesiasTan

da Seswyvites masTan, winaaRmdeg kanonikur wesdebaTa, yovelive urTierTo-

ba, maSin rodesac (ase sjis Seni saxiereba):

1) èrTmorwmune saqarTvelo as welze metia, rac SeuerTda ruseTs erTi

saeklesio mTavrobis qveS da im droTagan umaRlesi saeklesio mmarTveloba

saqarTveloSi miniWebuli hqonda udavoT ruseTis uwmindes sinods~.

2) amgvari wesi `saukunis stadionze ar iwvevda araviTar winaaRmdegobas~

da

3) `roca 1905 wels gamoirkva saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdge-

nis cda, uwmidesma sinodma 1906 wels ganaCina aRniSnuli sakiTxi gadacemu-

liyo gansaxilvelad ruseTis eklesiis momaval adgilobriv krebaze,

romlis samsjavroze Cven TanamdebviyaviT wargvedgina Cveni saeklesio sur-

vilebi da zraxvebi da unda gvelodna misi ar gadawyvetilebisaTvis.

naTqvamidan sCans, rom uwmidesoba Seni kmasayofelaT ver garkveula WeS-

maritebaSi, amisa gamo valaT miviCnie Tqvens saxierebas iveriis eklesiis

Taobaze winadaudo sityva simarTlisa wmidisa.

I

erTmorwmune saqarTvelo (amtkicebs Seni unetaresoba) SeuerTda ruseTs

saerTo saeklesio xelisuflebis qveS da amis Semdgom umaRlesi eklesiuri

gamgebloba saqarTveloSi ùciloblaT ekuTvnoda ruseTis uwmides sinod-

sao~.

as welze metia, rogorc Senma uwmidesobamac uwyis, rac mowamebrivi sa-

qarTvelo marTlac SeuerTda erTmorwmune ruseTs erTi sazogado samoqa-

laqo xelisuflebis qveS, garna amave dros mas srulebiT arafriT ganucxa-

debia Tvisi survili masTan eklesiuradac SeerTebuliyo.

amgvari hazrebi SesaZlebelia aRZrulan ama Tu im samoqalaqo mmarTvelo-

baSi, xolo eklesiis uflebamosil mesveurTa krebuli, Sesaxeb am sagnisa,

idga garkveul gardawyvetilebaze: samoqalaqo cxovrebis axals pirobeb-

Siac dacul yofiliyo misi eklesiuri damoukidebloba.

Tavdapirvelad TviT ruseTis uwmidesi sinodic ki ar iCenda survils

qarTul saeklesio saqmeebSi Careuliyo; aseT hazris mimcemni pirvel xaneb-

Si savsebiT iyvnen ùfrosni ama qveynisani~ mis imperatorobiT udidebule-

sobis saxels rom efarebodnen. sisworisaTvis movisminoT movlenaTa sarw-

muno aRmnusxvelis _ istoriis xma: uwmidesi sinodis oberprokurorma Ta-

vadma golicinma rom miiRo saqarTvelos mTavarmarTebelis general torma-

sovis mimarTva `saeklesio mamulTa Sesaxeb (##94, 99)~, man isargebla am

sabuTebiT da imperators Sesabami moxseneba warudgina, xolo Semdgom (28

enkenisTve, 1810) ase uTvlida tormasovs: àm SemTxvevisa gamo, imperatorma

miaqcia yuradReba imas, rom uwmides sinods gavlenac ara hqonia da arc

cnobebi moepoveba qarTul samRvdeloebis saqmeTa Taobaze; imperatori ava-

lebs Tqvens maRalaRmatebulebas: raTa umjobesad mosazrebuli iqmnen am

saqmeTaTvis ganzraxuli dadgenilebani, saWiro aris mihmarToT saqarTvelo-

Si myof mTavarepiskopos varlams (yofili axTaleli, Tavad erisTavTa gva-

risa) da adgilobriv garemoebaTa mixedviT warmodgenil iqmnes moxseneba:

ra saxiTa da ragvar safuZvelze moewyos qarTvel samRvdeloebis mmarTve-

loba, rom is daeqvemdebaros uwmides sinods~ (kavkas. arqeol. komis. aqtebi,

t. IV, gv.: 157, 158, 161).

generalma tormasovma, romelmac Tav. golicinis miuTiTeblaTac mihyo

saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmeebSi xelis Carevas (1809 wlis 6 TibaTvidan) da

romelmac 1810 wlis 3 giorgobisTves ruseTSi gadaasaxla kaTolikozi an-

ton II, - warudgina Tav. golicins (10 Tebervals 1811 wels, #28) `saqarTve-

los eklesiis mmarTvelobis proeqti~ SorsuWvret da pativmoyvare mTavare-

piskopoz varlaamTan SeTanxmebiT gamomuSavebuli. am proeqtiT saqarTvelos

eklesiis saTaveSi unda mdgariyo mcxeTisa da qarTlis mRvdelmTavari, vi-

Tarca ufrosi qarTveli samRvdeloebisa da romelsac mieniWeboda ufleba

wodebuliyo mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropolitad da sinodis eqsarxosad

saqarTveloSi; is unda Caricxuliyo uwm. sinodis uwyebaSi, romlis saxel-

ze valdebuliyo sagangebo da sxva saWiro SemTxvevaSi egzavna patakebi, ag-

reTve ewarmoebina sazogado miwer-mowerac (iqve gv. 162).

imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma 1811 wels, 1 aprils ubrZana uwmides sinods

ganexila proeqti da sinodic ìZulebuli Seiqmna~ Careuliyo saqarTvelos

eklesiis saqmeebSi. am saqmisaTvis man daamzada uqveSevrdomilesi moxseneba

da 21 TibaTvis 1811 wels warudgina mefes; es moxseneba ukan dabrunebul

iqmna mefis sakuTari xelmowerili rezoluciiT: ìqmnes amisaebr~ (aqtebi,

tomi IV, gv. 166-169).

amrigad, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba aris ara nebayof-

lobiTi SeerTeba erTmorwmune ruseTTan, aramed namoqmedari àmaqveynis uf-

rosTa~. xolo Tqvens uwmidesobas kargaT moexseneba, rom saeklesio saqmeeb-

Si `sofliur ufrosTa~ Carevas RvTaebrivi kanonebi ar eguebian (mociqul-

Ta kan. 30; meoTxe msoflio kreba, 12; meSvide msoflio kreba, 3), isini

mxolod iZulebulni arian aitanon aseTi Careva, rodesac xelmwifebai mefi-

sa hkvecs `namdvili mitropolitis~ olqs axali qalaqis daarsebiT da isic

imgvarad, rom Zveli mitropolia ar ganicdides Seviwroebas. es àtanac~

mxolod imiT aixsneba, rom kanonebis Semomqmed mamaTa àra aqvT SesaZleb-

loba mefis xelisuflebis winaaRmdegobisa~ (IV ms. kreba, 12 da 17; IV ms.

kreba, 38; zonaris ganmarteba IV krebis me-17 kanonisa). uwmidesma sinodma ki,

romelic TiTqos gaurboda saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobas da

romelsac misdami Tavi eWira rusis eklesiis istorikosisaTvis gaugebari

delikatobiT (butkeviCi), Tanac am urTierTobisagan (saqarTvelos eklesias-

Tan) arafers gamoeloda, Tvinier usiamovnebisa (butkeviCi _ 16, 19), _ amisda

miuxedavaT, man erTi sityvac ar gaimeta saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeebSi

general tormasovis Carevis winaaRmdeg; piriqiT, isargebla SemTxveviT, rom

imis SemweobiT mieRo brZanebloba saqarTvelos eklesiaze da amrigad

daarRvia Semdegi kanonebi:

1) arc erTma episkoposma ar unda ikadros erTi eparqiidan meoreSi ga-

dasvla, arc sxva eparqiis taZrebSi visime xeldasxma RvTismsaxurebis

SesrulebisaTvis, arc Tu visime miyvana mun, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca

mowveul iqmneba mitropolitisa da masTan myof episkopozebis sigelebiT,

romelTa olqebs gasasvleli aqvs. ukeTu aravisagan hqonia mopatiJeba da

uwesoT Seva vieTnimeTa xeldasasxmelad da misdami ukuTvnil saeklesio

saqmeTa mosawesrigeblad, yovelive misgan Cadenili iyos Zaludebi, TviTon

ki uwesobisa da umarTebulo saqcielisaTvis jerars Sesabamisi sasjelis

miRebad _ wmida krebis mier Tanamdebobidan dauyovnebliv gandevniT

(antioq. kan. 13).

2) saolqo episkopozebi nurca avrceleben Tviss uflebas olqis gareSe

mdebare eklesiebze da nurca aRreven eklesiebs. miupatiJeblad episkopozi

nu gardava Tvis olqis sazRvrebs xeldasasxmelad, an raime sxva saeklesio

gankargulebis mosaxdenad. xolo zemoaRniSnul kanonis dacviT, saeklesio

olqTaTvis cxad ars, rom TviToeuli olqis saqmeT keTil awesebs imave

olqis kreba, viTarca ganmartebul ars nikeaSi (II msof. kreba, 2).

3) ...aRsasruleblad yovels eparqiaTa Sina: nuravin RvTis sayvarel epis-

kopozTagani ganavrcelebs uflebas sxvaTa eparqiaze, romelnic winadac da

pirvelidganve ara yofila mis winamoadgilis xelqveiT; ukeTu vinmem ga-

navrcela da romelime eparqia ZaldatanebiT daimorCila, misces ukanve; nu

gadailaxeba mamaTa kanonebi, nu Semoipareba RvTiur moqmedebis saxiT

msofliur xelmwifis medidureba da nu davkargavT TandaTanobiT, SeumCnev-

lad im Tavisuflebas, romelic yovelTa adamianTa ganmaTavisuflebelma

ufalma Cvenma ieso qristem sisxliTa TvisiTa mogvaniWa Cven. da ase, wmida

da msoflio krebas enebeba, raTa yovelma eparqiam daicvas siwmindiT da

Seuiwroeblad Tavidanve mikuTvnili uflebebi, Zvelad damkvidrebul Cveu-

lebisamebr... ukeTu vinmem winadasdo aw ganmartebuli da wmida da msoflio

krebis mier nebuli dadgenilebis sawinaaRmdego raime, iqmnes igi Zalumosi-

li (III msof. kreba, 8).

uwmidesma sinodma ugulebelhyo aRniSnuli wmida kanonebi, is umaRlesi

brZanebis `abjarSi Seimosa~ (ef. 6, 14) da `umwikvlod~ (butkeviCi, gv. 26) See-

cada imas, rom 10 TibaTves 1811 w. imperatorma aleqsandre pavloviCma

`Seiwynara saqarTvelos kaTalikozis antonis arza da umowyalesad daiT-

xova is sasuliero saqmeTa gamgeblobisagan saqarTveloSi~. saqarTvelos

eklesia misi ierarqiis krebis dadgenilebis gareSe daqvemdebarebul iqmna

sruliad ruseTis sinodisadmi, xolo am eklesiis saTaveSi aRiyvaneben

pativmoyvare varlams, im dros ukve mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropolits, _

sinodis wevrisa da saqarTveolSi misi eqsarqosis tituliT (Христианское чтение, 1905, t,I, gv. 105-111).

ase moxda, wmidao meufeo, saqarTvelos SeerTeba ruseTTan erT sazogado

saeklesio xelisuflebis qveS, da aseTs SeerTebas uwmidesoba Seni kano-

niur moqmedebaTa sTvlis `simarTlisa da siyvarulis sityvasTan~ Sezavebu-

lad.

II

saxiereba Seni amtkicebs: `saqarTvelos SeerTeba ruseTTan erTis sazoga-

do saeklesio mmarTeblobis qveS mTelis saukunis stadionze araviTar

winaaRmdegobas ar iwvevda~, piriqiT, `uwmidesi~ sinodis gankargulebaSi im-

yofeba mravali sabuTi, TviT qarTveli xalxisaganac gamomdinare amierkav-

kasiis eparqiebSi mis mmarTeblobis keTilnayofierebis dasamtkiceblad.

qarTveli samRvdeloebisganac ki, yovladsamRvdelo kirionis, aw saqarTve-

los kaTolikozis saxiT mis wignSi: `saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoria

XIX saukuneSi~ damowmebuli aris, rom saqarTvelos SeerTebas ruseTTan

mohyva daqveiTebaSi myof qarTvelTa saeklesio cxovrebis aRorZineba~. uwmi-

deso meufeo! `sulsa ara RvTisasa~ (I ioane, 4,1) mxolod Zaledo Sens

smenamdis moewodebina, rom mTel saukunis sivrceze am mierTebas araviTari

winaaRmdegoba gamouwvevia! nuTu ar uwyi Sen, rom saqarTvelos mcxovrebni

ver urigdebodnen maTi eklesiis TviTmyofobis mospobas da mis daqvemdeba-

rebas uwmides sinodze~, rom eqsarqos Teofilaqtis sityviT `qarTul ekle-

siebSi uwmides sinods mxolod maSin ixseniebdnen, roca amCnevdnen saydarSi

rusis moxeleebs da rom swored am eklesiuri TviTarsebobis dakargvaSi

unda veZioT umTavresi mizezi am mxareSi momxdar yvela periodul mRelva-

rebaTa~ (Христ. чтение, 1905, t. II, 543). gana Sens saxierebas ar moexseneba `sityvis migeba~ imereTis xalxisa da

samRvdeloebisa mitropolitebis dosiTeos quTaTelisa da eqvTime genaTe-

lis meTaurobiT, romelnic ai, am sityvis migebisaTvis `braldebul iqmnen

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg amboxebaSi da usamarTloTa da

gamouZieblaT dapatimrebulni da mravalricxovan darajebiT garSemorty-

mulni gadayvanil iqmnen tfilisSi da Semdgom ruseTSi?! raoden ZlieraT

iqmna mimCneuli dasaxelebul mRvdelmTavrebis `sityvis migeba~, sCans im

sisastikidan, raica marTlmadidebel ruseTis mTavrobam saqarTvelos ekle-

siis am ierarqebisadmi gamoiCina: `raTa natyvenni ufro wynaraT iyvnen _

swers general-leitenant veliaminovs polkovniki puzirevski _ ver SesZlon

gaqceva, ar icodnen urTierTis vinaoba da ar iqmnen cnobilni mcxovrebTa-

gan maT gatarebis dros, maT zed davacvam tilos tomrebs bagesTan sasunT-

qi, kiserTan da welTan ki avakram, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi ganzraxuli

maqvs davxoco, gvamebi ki wyals mivce~ (arq. kom. aqtebi, t. VI, naw. I, gv. 579).

aseTi zomebis miReba `mimgeglebisadmi~ general-leitenant veliaminovs sak-

mao frTxilad ar eCvena, amitom Tavis xelqveiTs is urCevs: `yvelaze metad

unda hSiSobdeT, raTa mitropolitebi sikvdiliT ar daisajnen, maT

mkvlelobas SeuZlian mTlad aaRelvos samRvdeloebisa da Tavadebisagan

waqezebuli xalxi, es agreTve savsebiT karg STabeWdilebas ar moaxdens

Cvens jariskacebzedac, romelTac, maTi rwmenis mixedviT, Zlieri sasoeba

unda hqondeT samRvdeloebisadmi... magram ukeTu saWiro gaxda moxuc

mRvdelmTavrebis amoxocva (brZaneba generalma 1820 w. 23 Tebervals gamos-

ca), aramc da aramc arc erTi gvami ar iqmnes datovebuli imereTSi, arc

dasaflavdes, arc gadaigdos mdinareSi; vinaiTgan, swrafi denisa gamo, Se-

saZlebelia mdinarem gvamebi Caaqanos da moklulni aRmoanaxvinos crumorw-

mune xalxs. TviToeuli maTgani unda gadayvanil iqmnas mozdokamdis, ar

daitovos saqarTveloSiac ki, `anda miyvanil iqmnen kaiSauramdis mainc da

iq SesaZlebelia maTi misamareba (iqve, gv. 582). ufrosis brZaneba Sesrulda

zedmiwevniT da erTi `sityvis mimgebelTagani~ _ quTaTeli _ amoaRrCves to-

maraSi gzaTmimavalT suramidan gorSi. didxans ar icodnen, ra eqnaT

mowamemRvdelmTavris cxedrisaTvis, mimyol jariskacTaTvis ar gaumxeliaT

es ambavi ananuramdis, sadac bolos movida brZaneba saqarTvelos sinoda-

lur eqsarqosisagan mRvdelmTavris dasaflavebisaTvis `yovlad martivaTa

da uceremnioT~ (v. potto: Кавкасская война, t. II, gv. 699, Seadare aqtebi IV, I, gv. 586).

vgoneb, uwmideso meufeo, rom es monaweri oficialuri wyaroebidan

sakmaod naTlad amowmeben siZlieres im `sityva migebisas~, raica Sens uwmi-

desobas saqarTvelos eklesiis sinodaluri periodis istoriidan ar mohx-

senebia. ara msurs aRvrio moZmis moyvarebai Seni sxva `sityvis migebaTa~

dawvrilebiTi CamoTvliT, vityvi Ra, rom `sityvis SeZraxas~ ruseTis mTav-

roba ise saSiSoT sTvlida, rom aSkaraT ambobda: `dro ars bolo moeRos

imereTis samRvdeloebis gadaWarbebul gavlenas xalxis gonebaze~ (aqtebi,

t. VI, naw. I, gv. 574). amitom mTavroba mihmarTavda yvela zomas am gavlenis

mosaspobaT, da erT-erT aseT RonisZiebaTa dasaxuliyo gadasaxleba ruseT-

Si yvela imaTi, vinc ar egueboda sinodalur mmarTvelobas saqarTveloSi

(iqve, gv. 575, 576, 678, 686). eklesiuri damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli

samRvdeloebis aseTi ganukiTxaobis mxedveli qarTveli Tavadaznauroba da

glexoba ai ra saxis moTqmiT afrqvevda Tavis gulis nadebs: eklesiis

TviTarsebobis ZaldatanebiTi dakargviT, saqarTveloSi `mravali taZari

daiqceva, patiosansa da yovladqebul xatebsa da jvrebs gaitaceben, sayd-

rebs moakldebaT maTganve aRzrdili da maTTvis Semavedrebeli moZRvarni,

qarTvelebi ganSorebul iqmnebian Tvis mRvdelmTavarTa kurTxevisagan~ da

amitom avqsonni ekiTxebodnen: `ukeTu ar Sexebula rjuli brmaTmyof

ebraelTa, rjuli somexTa da kaTolikeTa, risTvis Cven unda SevadgendeT

gamonakliss? Tu im droTa Sina, rodesac Cven aRaronelTa xelqveiT vimyo-

febodiT, arvin exeboda Cvens mtkice rwmenas, da arc amgvar mwuxarebas

gvayenebdnen, maS raRa davaSaveT am Jamad, rom gvtaceben SeCveul

mRvdelmTavrebs, taZrebsa da mRvdlebs?~ (aqtebi, t. VI, naw. I, gv. 391).

`pirisSembrunebelTa~ winaaRmdeg mimarTulma aRniSnulma zomebma da ise-

Tebis winaaRmdeg, romelnic TviT general tormasovis sityviT ruseTis

erTgulni iyvnen, raica `mravali magaliTebiT~ daamtkices (aqtebi, IV. 230,

232, 250, 366, 369), SiSsa da ZrwolaSi STaagdes wevrni da msaxurni qristes

eklesiisa; amitom axdil sawinaaRmdego gamosvlebs amis Semdeg iSviaTad Tu

ganizraxavda vinme, garda antikanonikuri wesebis winaaRmdeg. saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi yru ukmayofileba mudam gaismoda da es aSkara gamoiTqmoda, ro-

gorc literaturaSi, aseve uflebamosil pirebTan kerZo baasSi. amis maga-

liTebi mravalia, xolo me siyvarulsa Sensa mxolod zograms vauwyeb: 8

giorgobisTves 1841 w. sinodis moxsenebaze saqarTveloSi vikar-episkopozis

ganwesebisaTvis, imperatorma nikoloz pirvelma ase daawera: `Tanaxma var,

magram iq adgilobrivi enis codna TiTqmis aucilebelia, rom dacul iqmnes

Sesabamisi gavlena xalxze; amisaTvis sasurvelia aRirCivnen enismcodne pi-

rebi, Tund ise ganaTlebulnic ar iyvnen, rogorc es saWiroa am SemTxvevaSi

(sinodaluri kantoris saqme, 1841, #6240). aseTi mzrunveloba ruseTis impe-

ratorisa qarTul samwysoisaTvis gana ar aris nikoloz pavlesZis smenam-

dis miRweul `sityvismigebaTa Sedegi? me aRaras vambob yovladsamRvdelo

imereTis episkopoz gabrielis gamosvlaTa Taobaze gasuli saukunis 70-sa

da 80-ian wlebSi eqsarqos evsevisa da samoqalaqo pirTa (ivanovskisa, za-

vadskisa, verskisa da sxvaTa) winaaRmdeg. maTi politikis gakicxviT ekle-

siis rusifikatorul zraxvaTa iaraRaT gardaqcevisaTvis, sasuliero

skolebSi qarTvelebis devnisaTvis, siwmideTa da darbevisaTvis, iseTi ru-

sis mRvdelmTavrebisa da moZRvrebis daniSvnisaTvis, romelTac ar esmodaT

samwysois ena, zne-Cveulebani da xalxis suli da xasiaTi (Tonkmelis -

Правда об автокепалии грузинской церкви. 161-180). raRa iTqmis im ukmayofilebaze

presaSi da sazogadoebaSi, raica gamowveul iqmna taZrebisa da monastrebis

CamorTmevisa gamo, rogorc magaliTad: biWvinTisa, simon kananelisa, drandi-

sa, moqvisa, safarisa, aRtalisa da umetesad ki bodbisa, sadac ganisvenebs

wmida mociqulTa sworis ninos neSTi. gana yvela es `sityvis migeba~ ar

aris ruseTis umaRles saeklesio xelisuflebisa da misi adeptebis winaaRm-

deg saqarTveloSi?

TviT sinodis egsarqosebmac uwyodnen es `sityvis migeba~, hsmeniaT aseTe-

bi Tavisi yuriT, magram yvela amas hxsnidnen qarTvelebis `msjelobisadmi

uniWobiTa~, `siClungiTa~, `qarTveli xalxis sicofiTa da kacTmklelobi-

sadmi midrekilebiT~. ase esmoda qarTvelebis `sityvis migeba~ ruseTis

eklesiis gamoCenil mRvdelmTavars, uwmides sinodis Tavmjdomares,

maRalyovladusamRvdeloes ioannikes _ yofil eqsarqoss saqarTveloSi

(аписки присутствующих члена Св. Синода архиеп. Никанора, 35, 36).

maRalyovladusamRvdeloes iannikes moadgile saeqsarqosoSi mTavarepisko-

pozi pavle _ ki tveris mTavarepiskopoz sabasTan miwer-moweraSi (t. 8, 102)

Tvis samwyesos axasiaTebda rogorc `velurs~, xolo sakuTar xeldaweril

werilSi _ (iqve, 349) saqarTvelos hsaxavs `velur da mxecur qveynad~. garna

ramdenad qarTvelni Clungebi, cofianebi, velurebi da mxecebi arian, Sens

uwmidesobas SeuZlian gansajos movlenaTa Tunda ukanaskneli _ am saerTo

ngrevisa da darbevis epoqis _ ori wlis mimoxilvidanac: yofil ruseTis

imperiaSi saqarTvelo erTaderTi kuTxea, sadac ellinebica da iudelebic,

skviTebica da barbarosebic mSvidaTa cxovroben da arc Tu SiSi aqvT Tavis

sicocxlisa da rwmenisaTvis.

aq usafuZvloa, Rirspativcemulo meufeo, Seni mtkiceba, rom mTeli sauku-

nis stadionze saqarTvelos eklesiis daqvemdebareba sinodisadmi ar iwvevda

davas qarTvelebis mxriT; amisdamiuxedavaT, me mainc mjera Seni, rom sino-

dis gankargulebaSi inaxebian qarTvelebis mier wardgenili masalebi. sa-

qarTveloSi sinodaluri mmarTvelobis keTilnayofierebis aRniSvniT,

magram merwmune Senc me, rom es masalebi gamomdinareoben riTime daintere-

sebul pirTagan da imave Rirsebas Seicaven, rogorc Seni uwmidesobis mier

aRniSnuli citata netarxsenebul kaTalikoz kirionis Txzulebidan, xolo

maRal avtors zemodasaxelebul wignakSi gamoTqmuli hazrebi Semdgom ara

erTgziT uaruyvia (Журнал заседаний пребссогорнаго присутствия, 1906, t. III, naw. II, gv. 35). Cveni cxovrebis pirobebi TiTqmis SeuZleblaTa hxdidnen simarTlis

weras. amasTanave, unda gvaxsovdes, rom yovladsamRvdelo kirionis zemonaC-

veneb wignakSi gamoTqmuli Sexeduleba srulebiT ara hgulisxmobs mTeli

qarTveli samRvdeloebis hazrsac, rogorc Sens uwmidesobas hgonia; es

srulebiT SeuZlebelia, radganac netarxsenebuli avtoris Sexeduleba mu-

dam dagmobili iyo qarTveli samRvdeloebis mier. saqarTvelos eqsarqose-

bic ki ar iziarebdnen xsenebul avtoris hazrs; rodesac mTavarepiskopozi

platoni gaecno saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareobas, pirdapir CasTvala

igi tragizmiT aRsavseT da ganadgurebisaken mimavalaT (Придавление к церковным ведомостям, 1906, #21, gv. 502). rusis erT-erTi uganaTlebulesi

mRvdelmTavris es sityvebi didmniSvnelovania: sCans ukanasknelma eqsarqos-

ma Sefaseba mouxdina mis winamoadgileTa moRvaweobas saqarTvelos kaTed-

raze sinodaluri batonobis reJimis ganmavlobaSi CvenSi.

arqiepiskopozi platoni sinodaluri eqsarqosebis saqarTveloSi moRva-

weobis Taobaze aseTi msjavris Semdeg, vimedovneb, uwmidesoba Seni aRar

miiCnevs simaRlesTan Sefardebulad mtkicebas, TiTqos sinodis mmarTvelo-

ba saqarTveloSi keTilnayofieri yofiliyos!

III

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoekafliis aRdgenis cdani rom gamoirkva 1905

wels _ swers Seni uwmidesoba _ uwmidesma sinodma 1906 wels daadgina: `aR-

niSnuli sakiTxi gadatanil iqmnas ruseTis eklesiis momaval adgilobriv

krebaze gansaxilvelaT~ da am krebis samsjavros winaSe Cven `gvmarTebda

wargvedgina Cveni eklesiuri survilebi da zraxvani da dagvecada mis

ganaCenisaTvis~. wina rubrikaSi (II) moyvanil faqtebidan Seni uwmidesoba

mihxvdeboda, ra mizezisa gamo mxolod 1905 wels gamoaSkaravebul iqmnen

`cdani saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis~. mxolod am

wels ar iyo gana oficialurad nebadarTuli marTlis Tqma?! da Cvenc

gamovTqviT es. ara Tu mxolod Cven Soris aRiZra 1905 wels cda kanonikuri

wyobilebis aRsadgenad: TviT ruseTis eklesia romelic saqarTvelos

eklesiasTan SedarebiT ukeTes pirobebSi imyofeboda, magram or saukunis

met manZilze emoneboda `...frakosansa da mundirosan patriarqebs, `urmwu-

noebsa~ da `rjulisagan aSkaraT gadamdgar pirebs~ (~Всерос. церковно-обществ. вестник~ 1917. #156. `Дежание Собора~ _ 25 RvinobisTve), gana imave 1905 wels ar

ametyvelda patriarqobis aRdgenisaTvis? uwmidesobas Sensas albaT ardaviw-

yebuli ar eqneba is garemoeba, Tu rogor mrisxaneT SeubRvira pobedonos-

cevma rusis eklesiis saukeTeso mRvdelmTavrebs ruseTis saeklesio mmarT-

velobaSi normaluri wyobilebis dafuZnebis cdisaTvis da razom didi iyo

mRvdelmTavarTa darcxvena uZlieresi veziris am Setevisa gamo. amis garda,

uwmidesoba Seni aqac scodebs WeSmaritebis winaaRmdeg: saqarTvelos ekle-

siis avtokefaliis sakiTxi gadacemul iqmna sruliad ruseTis momaval kre-

baze gasarCevaT ara uwmidesi sinodis dadgenilebiT, aramed imperator

nikoloz II-is nebiT, viTarca pasuxi qarTvel episkopozTa mimarTvaze

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebebSi aRdgenisaTvis. uwmidesma

sinodma martivi gankargulebac ki ar gasca, raTa umaRlesi neba Tavis ofi-

cial organo _ Церковноя ведомость - ebSi gamoqveynebuli da es umaRlesad ga-

moTqmuli survili qarTvel episkopozebs kavkasiis mefisnacvlis saSuale-

biT euwyaT. xolo arsebiTaT, 1906 wels gamoTqmuli es dadgenileba, anu ne-

ba, saqarTvelos eklesias umzadebda ufro uares mdgomareobas. saqme imaSia,

rom ganzraxul krebas ar SeeZlo sisworiT gadaeWra mis msjelobaze gada-

cemuli sakiTxi, _ amisi Tavdebi iyo dagzavnil SekiTxvebze pasuxi im

mRvdelmTavrebisa, romlebic krebis sruluflebian wevrebad unda yofi-

liyvnen: yovlad samRvdelo meufeni Tavis pasuxSi an ar exebodnen am

sakiTxs, an mas uarsayofelad swyvetdnen, zogierTni ki moiTxovdnen Cvens

micemas sasjelSi (tulis mRvdelmTavari lavrenti: Отзивы эпархиальнных архиериев - naw. 3, gv. 387).

ukeTesi mimarTuleba ar miuRia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

sakiTxs krebis winaswar TaTbirzedac (Предсоборное присутствие): am TaTbirma

sakiTxi uaryofiTad gardaswyvita da eklesiur saqmeTa mogvarebas amierkav-

kasiaSi Seudga mis saxelze dekanoz vostorgovis mier wardgenili ori

proeqtidan erTis miRebiT. xolo es proeqti prof. p. glubovskis sityviTac

ki `kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT ar iyo mTlad umwikvlo~, vinaidgan erTsa da

imave teritoriaze ganzraxuli iyo `ori urTierTSoris moqiSpe saeklesio

xelisuflebis daarseba, romelTa Soris mosalodneli iyo mtruli ganwyo-

bileba (krebis winasw. TaTbiri Jurnalebi da protokolebi, t. III, naw. II, gv.

277). ganzraxuli krebis momavali wevrebisa da maTi damqaSebis aseTi su-

liskveTebisa gamo, gana SeiZleboda Cveni survilebi da miswrafebani damou-

kideblobisadmi sruliad ruseTis saeklesio krebis samsjavroze wargved-

gina?

magram Sens uwmidesobas iqneba hgonia, rom `Cvens survilebs damoukideb-

lobisadmi~ SeeZlo samarTlis mxriv damcvelebi SeeZina 1906 wels gamoTq-

muli umaRlesi keTilsurvilis Semdgom saqarTvelos eklesiis bedis uax-

loes xelmZRvanelTa saxiT?

didaTa vwuxvar, rom Cven xelTa gvaqvs erTob mcire oficiali masala

Sesaxeb imisa, Tu rogor aSuqebdnen am sakiTxs umaRlesi saeklesio mTavro-

bis winaSe saqarTvelos eqsarqosebi, garna is mtkicebanic, raica Cvens

gankargulebaSi aris, sakmao naTlad axasiaTebs egreTwodebul saqarTve-

los eqsarqosebs. umaRlesi gankargulebis da keTilsurvilebis Semdgom

movlinebuli pirvelive eqsarqosi arqiepiskopozi nikoni ai ras swerda

20ianvars 1908 wels uw. sinodis Tavmjdomares mitropolit antons: _

`samRvdeloebam (saqarTveloisam) daadgina seminariaSi da sasuliero

saswavleblebSi saRvTismetyvelo sagnebis swavleba SemoiRos qarTul ena-

ze, magram es araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba. xolo Tu maT maincdamainc

miecemodaT nebarTva qarTul RvTismetyvelebaSi evarjiSnaT, maSin am saqmes

bolomdis unda mivyveT da arafriT ar unda gadavuxvioT saxelmwifoebriv

safuZvlebs da SeiZleba, rogorc vwer uw. sinodisadmi moxsenebaSi, waerT-

vas seminarias Semweoba saxelmwifo xazinidan, raki masSi swavlebas nacio-

nalur enaze SemoiReben da CamoerTvas is uflebebic, rasac igi Tavis mowa-

feT aniWebda am xnobamdis, vidre iyo savsebiT rusuli. maSin qarTvelebi Ca-

denili saqcielis monaniebiT da cremlTa deniT SewyalebisaTvis, uars

ganacxadeben Tavis erovnul pretenziebze da xverwniT mogvmarTaven davub-

runoT is, raca hqondaT. Tavazianoba maTTan ara Rirs (~Закавказие~, 16 apri-li, 1917 w.). nuTu SesaZlebeli iyo, Rirsqebulo Zmao, aseTi striqonebis

avtorisagan daxmarebis molodini saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefal ufle-

baTa sakiTxis dadebiTad gardawyvetisaTvis?..

mTavarepiskopoz nikonis moadgilem maRalyovladusamRvdelo innokentim

imereTis samRvdeloebis milocvaze misi eqsarqosad daniSvnis gamo da ime-

dis gamoTqmaze, raTa iveriis eklesiis sakiTxi keTilmiTvlilad gardawyve-

tiliyo, ase SeuTvala: me vcnob mxolod ruseTis eklesias, xolo ara

vcnob iveriis eklesias. eqsarqos inokentis moadgile arkiepisokpozi aleq-

si 7 qristeSobisTves 1913 w. xelmwife imperatorisadmi mirTmeul mimarTva-

Si, qarTvelebis cdas eklesiuri TviTarsebobisaTvis uwodebs `qarTvel av-

tokefalist inteligentebis fantastiur bodvas~ (uw. sinodis brZaneba,

#6167, 11 aprili, 1914 weli, sind. kantoris saqme, 1914 w. #300). axla arqie-

piskopoz platonis saqcieli: saqarTvelos eklesiis samRvdeloebis krebas

man CamoarTva pataki didi mTavris nikoloz nikolozisadmi gadasacemaT,

romelSiac gamoTqmuli iyo Suamdgomloba avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis,

namdvilad ki arza TviTon daitova, xolo samRvdeloebas arwmunebda, rom

igi ukve gadaeca daniSnulebisamebr.

rac iTqva, uwmideso meufeo, sakmarisia imis gasagebaT, Tu rogor amza-

debdnen ruseTis eklesiis krebas mis gansaxilvelaT gadacemul saqarTve-

los eklesiis sakiTxis gardawyvetisaTvis da ragvari dadgenilebis miReba

SeeZlo krebas am sakiTxze. ruseTis eklesiis krebis mier avtokefaliis

sakiTxis uaryofiT ganCinebas ki SeeZlo warmoeSva ganyofa da mtroba-

konfliqti ukve or eklesias Soris _ qarTulisa da rusulisa, raica Cven

arasdrosa gvsurda da arc axla gvsurs. eklesiur saqmisaTvis mecadine

qarTvelebi amitom daufaravad acxadebdnen, rom ruseTis saeklesio krebas

1906 wlis 11 mariamobisTvis umaRlesi brZanebis Semdegac neba ara aqvs

gardaswyvitos qarTuli saeklesio sakiTxi da rCevas iZleodnen yovelive

Ronis misaRebad, raTa ganzraxuli sruliad ruseTis krebaze masze

gansaxilvelaT gadacemuli sakiTis gansjaSi ar Sesuliyo (Тифлис, N16, 12 RvinobisTve, 1906 w. Мнение группы священиков).

Semdgom yovelive amisa, saWiro Seiqmna an daSTena sinodalur xelisuf-

lebis qveS da cda misgan mmarTvelobis nawilobrivi reformebis gamoRebi-

saTvis avtokefaliis sakiTxis aRuZvrelad, an ara da, saWiro iyo lodini

xelisSemwyob garemoebisa, raTa TviT saqarTvelos eklesias SesZleboda

Tvisi aRdgena avtokefalur, TviTgamge eklesiis uflebebSi. ufalma ineba

iseTi agremoebis Seqmna, romelTa meoxebiT saqarTvelos eklesiam meore

mzis arCeva SesZlo da, viTarca Sedegi, mogvca 1917 wlis 12 martis TviTga-

morkvevis didi aqti da amis gamo gvkicxav Sen, siyvaruliT aRsavsev?!

IV

magram Sen, unetareso, ganagrZob Cvens braldebas da ambob, rom Cven

`davarRvieT (sworeT 1917 wlis 12 martis aqtiT) kanonikuri mimarTuleba

marTlmadidebel rusis eklesiasTan da avCqardiT gamogveajna droebiTi

mTavrobisagan 27 martis dadgenileba Sesaxeb saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliisa.

uwmideso meufeo, RvTaebriv gangebas eneba, raTa mocilebuliyo is, raica

1917 wlamdis abrkolebda rusuli saeklesio krebis mowvevas da ramac mos-

po qarTuli eklesiis avtoekalia, _ TviTmpyrobelurma mTavrobam adgili

dauTmo saxalxo warmomadgenlobas. amgvari cvlilebisa gamo, saqarTve-

los episkopozebma da samRvdeloebisa da eriskacTa warmomadgenlebma

keTildroulad miiTvales Serkebiliyvnen 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTis aTor-

metTa mociqulTa taZarSi da erTxmaTa da erTsulovnebiT daedginaT: amie-

ridgan saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaluri mmarTveloba aRdgenilad CaiT-

valos da amis Sesaxeb ecnobos droebiT mTavrobas, romelmac Sescvala

xelisufleba, 1811 wels rom mospo es mmarTveloba, xolo 1906 wels Txovna

miiRo igive mmarTvelobis aRsadgenaT. droebiTma mTavrobam dadgenileba

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis gamosca sruliad damoukideblad

da ara qarTveli episkopozebis mxriT raime cdisa gamo, rogorc amas uwmi-

desoba Seni SemcdaraT hgonebs (~Вестник временого правительства~1 1917, #18;

Seadare: `Церковные ведомости~, 1917, #9-15). am dadgenilebaSi droebiTi mTav-

roba Tumca SehniSnavs, rom is saqarTvelos Zveli marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis aRdgenis kanoniur mxares ar exeba, mainc sworeT am mxriv Seexo mas,

amitomac sakiTxi antikanonikurad gadasWra, vinaidgan saqarTvelos avtoke-

fal eklesias miukuTvna erovnuli qarTuli xasiaTi da ar SezRuda igi

gansazRvrul teritoriiT, rogorc amas kanonebi aweseben; imav kanonTa

sawinaaRmdegoT, man `yvela marTlmadidebeli samrevloebi _ rusulni da

sxva araqarTulni _ marTlmadidebeli rusuli eklesiis uwyebaSi dastova.

sakiTxis amgvari Setrialeba saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTma mmarTveol-

bam scno antikanonikurad da imave dros, roca miiRo depeSiT es dadgenile-

ba- 28 marts _ gamoacxada aseTi Sinaarsis protesti: `saqarTvelos ekle-

siis cnobas nacional eklesiad da ara teritorial avtokefaliad istoria-

Si precedenti ara aqvs da savsebiT ewinaRmdegeba marTlmadideblebisaTvis

savaldebulo eklesiur yvela kanons. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia

unda iyos cnbili teritriul safuZvlebze Zveli drois qarTul sakaTali-

kozo sazRvrebSi~. saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier

protesti Setanili iqmna im proeqtSiac, romelic xelmowerili yo droebi-

Ti mTavrobis wevrebisagan da misi droebiTi rwmunebulis saqarTvelos

saqmeTaTvis profesor v. beneSeviCisagan: `mTavari safuZvlebi saqarTvelos

eklesiis uflebrivi mdgmoareobisa ruseTis saxelmwifoSi~. magram droe-

biTma mTavrobam uarhyo es samarTliani protesti, ar CasTvala SesaZleb-

lad angariSi gaewia saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebisaTvis da, am rigad,

daakanona eklesiis mier dagmobili filetizmi. amis gamo, droebiTi mTavro-

bis mier damtkicebul `ruseTis saxelmwifoSi saqarTvelos eklesiis uf-

lebrivi mdgomareobis proeqtis~ miRebisTanave (~Вестник временого правительства, N140 (180), 1917), saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobisa

da mis yvela eparqiul ganyofilebaTa sagangebo krebam gaugzavna a. karta-

Sevs friad mkacri Sinaarsis protesti.

naTqvamidan cxadi unda iyos Seni saTnoebisaTvis,rom raki uwmidesi sino-

di XIX saukunis dasawyisSi gaeria saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmeebSi ara Ta-

vis iniciativiT, aramed Sezasferoebis gavleniTa da iZulebiT (butkeviC,

gv.16, 19), saqarTvelos eklesias safuZveli hqonda daimedebuliyo, rom ruse-

Tis marTlmadidebeli eklesia, uwmidesi sinodis saxiT, 1917 wels sixaru-

liT miegebeboda Tavis ganTavisuflebas masze iZulebiT moxveul saqarTve-

los eklesiisaTvis garjisa da mzrunvelobisagan da amiT gamoasworebda

droebiTi mTavrobis mier Cadenil Secdomas. es mainc ar moxda: uwmidesi

sinodis wevrma mTavarepiskopozma platonma Cvengan cnoba rom miiRo

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebaTa aRdgenis Taobaze, ris

Semdeg mas bunebrivaT unda ahyroda ufleba qarTlisa da kaxeTis mTavare-

piskopozTa da saqarTvelos eqsarqosaT daSTeniliyo, Zmuri salamis magier,

rusis saldaTebis xiStebiT dagvemuqra. uwmidesma sinodma ki ar daayovna

damdgariyo Tqven mier samarTlianad wodebul bulgarul sqizmis Tvalsaz-

risze da 1917 wlis 14 mkaTaTves gamoica `droebiTi wesebi kavkasiaSi rusu-

li marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mowyobisaTvis~ (~Церковные ведомости~, 1917,

#30) rusuli samitropolito kaTedris dawesebiT, iq, sadac V saukunidan

moyolebuli arsebobs qarTuli tfileli mitropolitis kaTedra, raica

ewinaaRmdegeba I msoflio krebis me-8 kanons: `raTa ar iyvnen orni episko-

pozni erTsa qalaqsa Sina~.

moTxrobilis Semdgom, vimedovneb, uwmidesoba Seni SesZlebs sTqvas

`RrmiTa SegnebiTa TvisiT~, rom saqarTvelos episkopozni mudam icavdnen

kanonikur wesebs im dros, rodesac isini, vinc Tavis Tavs ruseTis eklesiis

warmomadgenlebaT hsaxavdnen, RvTaebriv kanonTa winaaRmdeg vidodnen.

V

uwmidesoba Seni gvisayvedurebs Cven kidev ruseTis marTlmadidebel

eklesiis mimarT sarwmunoebisa da siyvarulis erTobis darRvevas da masTan,

winaaRmdeg yovelive kanonikuri wesebisa, urTierTobis Sewyvetas. garna arc

es sayveduri dagvimsaxurebia, amitom esec usafuZvloa. marTalia Cven 1917

wlis 12 martidan _ gansakuTrebiT 27-dan _ ara vcnobdiT Cvenze uwmidesi

sinodis isedac ukanono mTavrobas, magram sulac ar gvifiqria davSTenili-

yaviT `ruseTis eklesiasTan yovelive urTierTobis gareSe.~ Cven mier 1917

wels, 14 marts arqiepiskopoz platonisaTvis gadacemul sabuTebSi garkveu-

laT iyo naTqvami, rom mas `erTmeva ufleba gamgeblobisa saeqsarqosos -

mxolod

qarTul eparqiebze, samrevloebze, sasuliero saswavleblebze da saeklesio

dawesebulebebze saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sazRvrebSi~ ganurCevlad

imisa, Tu rogori iyo da aris erovnebaTa Semadgenloba, rogorc sakaTali-

kozo, agreTve saqarTvelois yofil saeqsarqosos danaSTen nawilebSi. amg-

vari kanonikuri moTxovnileba miuReblad moeCvena arqiepiskopoz platon-

Tan Semdgar qalaq tfilisis samRvdeloebisa da eriskacTa komitets,

romelSiac Tavmoyriliyvnen umTavresad dekanoz vostorgovis yofili Tana-

moRvaweni. am komitetma 27 marts daadgina _ ecnobos uwmides sinods Semde-

gi: `radganac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadeba Sesrulebu-

li faqtia, xolo CvenTvis SeuZlebeli aris saqarTvelos sakaTalikozoSi

Sesvla, vSuamdgomlobT uwmidesi sinodis winaSe, daarsdes amierkavkasiis

saeqsarqoso, uwmidesi sinodisadmi daqvemdebarebuli, romlis Semadgenlo-

baSi unda iyvnen yvela rusuli samrevloebi, agreTve sxva erovnebaTa

marTlmadideblebic, ukeTu isini amas moisurveben~.

am momentidan qalaq tfilisis rus samRvdeloebisa da eriskacTa komi-

tets or eklesiaTa urTierTobaSi Seaqvs arakanonikuri elementi da Cven

tfilisis komitetis am moqmedebas vracxdiT Zaladobad rusis eklesiis

Svilebze, romelnic sakaTolikozos teritoriis gareSe cxovroben, amito-

mac arqiepiskopoz platons, da exlac mis moadgiles, mudama vcnobT ruse-

Tis eklesiis mRvdelmTavrad kavkasiaSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriis

gareSe, xolo Cven rom ar gvsurda da arc axla gvsurs marTlmadidebel

rusul eklesiasTan sarwmunoebisa da siyvarulsi erTobis darRveva da

masTan urTierTobis Sewyveta, es uwmidesobas Sensas SeuZlian naTlad dai-

naxos Semdgomi faqtebidan: roca qalaq tfilisSi 1917 wlis maisSi gaixsna

kavkasiaSi mosaxle rusebis saeklesio kreba, Cven mivgzavneT am krebis wevr-

Ta misasalmeblad Cveni warmomagenlebi erTi mRvdelmTavrisa da saqarTve-

los eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobis erTi wevris saxiT. imave wels TibaT-

veSi gavamgzavreT specialuri delegacia uwmidesi sinodisaTvis Zmuri

salamis gadasacemaT. 28 TibaTves delegaciam werilobiT mihmarTa oberpro-

kuror v.n. lvovs nebarTva gamoeTxova uwmidesi sinodisagan mis misaRebad

da aseT dReT uwmidesma sinodma 1917 wlis 1 mariamobisTvis daniSvna ineba.

delegacia uwmidesma sinodma, mTelis SedgenilobiT Tavmoyrilma miiRo,

xolo delegaciis meTaurma yovladsamRvdelo antonma mihmarTa uwmides si-

nods Semdegi misasalmebeli sityvebiT: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, RvTivbrZenno

mwyemsTavarno da mamano! kurTxeul iveriis ZeT, romelTac jer kiedv wmida

mociqulTa sworis ninos droidan epyraT Tvali didfasiani- marTlmadide-

beli sarwmunoebisaken da mis dacvisaTvis mraval saukuneTa manZilze

sisxliT icvlebodnen, _ XVIII saukunis damlevs gadaswyvites ubiwo tredis

dacva ruseTis Zlierebis safarvelis qveSe epovaT. saqarTvelos SeerTebis

Semdgom erTmorwmune ruseTTan eklesia gamokeTda Zveli, mtrisxelisagan

miRebul Wrilobisagan da Seudga Tvis SvilTa Tavmoyras _ Tavisufali

TviT arsi daedo Cvens iveriis eklesias! garna TviTmpyrobel mTavrobis

warmomadgenlebis daJinebisa gamo, TavmokveTil da ZaliT damorCilebul

iqmna Tavisi umcrosi dis _ sruliad ruseTis eklesiisadmi. raodeni mudara

da vedreba gaismoda braldebebi tyvis ganTavisuflebisaTvis, garna yoveli-

ve es ixSeboda da ikveTeboda, xlo rodesac ama wlis 3 marts ruseTSi

gamocxadda moqalaqobrivi Tavisuflebani, eklesiurma xalxma saqarTvelo-

sam moiwadina da 12 marts aRadgina Tavisi mSobliuri eklesia mis avtoke-

fal uflebebSi da es TviTgamorkvevis aqti iqmna damtkicebuli ama wlis 27

marts droebiTi mTavrobis mier da did aqtad wodebuli. iveriis avtokefa-

luri marTlmadidebeli kaTolike eklesia auwyebs amas qristes mier sayva-

rel Tavis das _ sruliad ruseTis marTlmadidebel kaTolike eklesias,

Tqveni uwmidesobis saxiT, da uZRvnis marTlmadideblobis Sina myof rus

moZme xalxs qristianul wrfelsa da mxurvale ambors. qristes mier am

siyvarulis cxovel grZnobiT jvarosani eklesia iveriisa iTvaliswinebs

ganvlil JamTa Sina saukunoTa stadionze oriv eklesiaTa mier marTlmadi-

debel sarwmunoebis wmida dogmaTa Tanxmobliv dacvas da gamosTqvams mtki-

ce rwmenas imaSi, rom amieridan orive monaTesave sarwmunoebiTaca da

sulier miswrafebiT eklesiani icxovreben keTilTanxmobiT, mWidro kavSiri-

sa da urTierTisadmi siyvaruliT, raTa erTi guliTa, Tumca ara erTiTa

eniTa, adidebdnen yovladpatiosansa da didaT Sveniersa saxelsa mamisa da

Zisa da wmidisa sulisa. qriste ars Cven Soris~.

Cveni delegaciis misalmebaze upasuxa uwmidesi sinodis saxeliT sinodis

Tavmjdomarem filnlandiis arqiepiskopozma sergim Semdegi sityvebiT: `uw-

midesi sinodi evedreba RmerTs (da mtkiceT sasoebs amas), raTa erTmorwmu-

ne qarTvelma xalxma Tavis religiur-politikuri cxovrebis axal piro-

bebSi hpovos wyaroi axali Ronisa Tvis sulieri ganviTarebisa da qristes

WeSmaritebis dRemudam dacvisaTvis. ar aris saWiro mogagonoT, rom rusul

eklesiur Segnebas arodes eucxoeboda hazri, raTa saqarTvelos eklesias

dahbruneboda misi winandeli wyobileba. da Tu es hazri amxnobamdis vera

hpoulobda ganaarsebas, es miewereba sxvagvar, Cvengan damoukidebel mize-

zebs. miT ufro didi sixaruliT axla, saerTo Tavisuflebis gazafxulis

dReebSi rusuli saeklesio Segneba mzad aris miesalmos Tqveni didi xnis

natvris aRsrulebas da uwmidesi sinodic mTelis suliT miuerTdeboda am

misalmebas; samwuxarod, yvela es moxda raRac uCveulod da sinodis gare-

Se... garna vimedovnebT Cven, rom RmerTi yovelas sikeTiT aRagebs, rom

zogierTi gaugebroba am saqmeSi mogvardeba, rom winamdebare saeklesio kre-

baze Cven erTmaneTs ZmuraT SevxvdebiT da saerTo gansjiT _ qristes siyva-

rulisa da erTobis sulisdagvarad _ SevZlebT gamovnaxoT gza urTierTis

gagebisaTvis, raTa momavalSi Cvenma orma erTmorwmune, saeklesio aRTqmaTa

Sina sarwmuno xalxma SesZlos mSvidobiani cxovreba mxarismxar micemiT da

TviToeuli Seudges Tavisi daniSnulebis Sesrulebas Cven yovelTa

sacxovreblaT da RvTis sadideblad~ (~Петроградские ведомости~, 1917, #103).

Cven exlac vimedovnebT, uwmideso meufeo, `rom RmerTi yovelas aRagebs

keTilad, rom am saqmis zogierTi gaugebroba mowesrigdeba~, da Tu Cven

Zmurad ver SevxvdiT ruseTis eklesiis adgilobriv krebaze, amaSi uwmideso

meufeo, brali Cven ar migviZRvis: am krebaze Cven aravis dauZaxivarT

`ZmuraT~, rogorc daZaxil iyvnen konstantinopolis, elladis, serbiis da

sxv. eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi, TumcaRa amas dapirebuli iyo oberproku-

rori b-ni a.v. kartaSevi. mainc Cveni dauswrebloba krebaze Senma uwmideso-

bam ar unda dasaxos, viTarca survili `ruseTis eklesiasTan yovelive

erTobis gareSe daSTenisa~, vinaidgan sruliad ruseTis saeklesio krebaze

1917 wels, 19 mariamobisTves mosmenil Cven mier wargzavnil depeSaSi Cven

mivesalmeniT krebis gaxsnas da vTxoveT sinodis oberprokurorsa da droe-

biTi mTavrobis wevrs kartaSevs gadaeca aRniSnul krebisaTvis saqarTve-

los eklesiis saxeliT Zmuri, qristes mier salami da survili nayofierebi-

sa mis winamdebare udides saaRmSeneblo muSaobaSi (~Всерос. церковно-обществ. вестник~ #99, 1917).

yovelive naambobis Semdeg, Seni uwmidesobis mier Cveni mipatiJeba, raTa

warvsdgeT sruliad ruseTis saRmrTo krebaze da Cveni Secodebani aRvia-

roT, uadgiloc aris da Tanac uSedego: Cvens saqmeTa Sina cTomebs ar aqvs

adgili _ xolo ukeTu aseTebi SegveniSna, maTi aRkveTisaTvis yovel ekle-

sias moepoveba. saSualeba, Seni uwmidesobis mierac, cnobili: dauSreteli

`madli sulisa wmidisa, romlisa meoxebiTa qristes mier mRvdelTagan si-

marTle dainaxvis gonebiT da Seinaxvis mtkiceT~. amitom nu inebeb, Zmao,

zogierTa TxovniT Cvens mipatiJebas sruliad ruseTis krebis samsjavroze,

`raTa ara gamosCnde winaSe pirisa wmidisa eklesiisa, viTarca Semtani ampar-

tavnobisa soflisa qristes eklesiasa Sina, romelic RvTisa xilvis mosur-

neT miuvlens sinaTles simartivisasa da dResa simdablisa~ (afrikis epis-

kopozTa krebis epistole romis papis mimarT). raica Seexeba im gaugebrobas,

romlis Taobaze ambobs uw. sinodis Tavmjdomare yovladsamRvdelo sergi

da rasac marTla hqonda adgili CvenSic da TqvenSic, aseTebi gamowveuli

iyvnen saero ufrosTa CareviT saeklesio saqmeebSi asi wlis winaT da kidev

imiT, rom saero mTavrobis mier dadgenili umarTebelesi sinodi mowadine-

buli iyo morCilebaSi hyoloda qarTuli eklesia. garna Sen uwyi,unetare-

so, rom yovelive es `moxda ara eklesiuri wesiT, aramed adamianTa sxvagva-

ri zraxvebiT~, da amitom, raki aRvadgineT kanoniuri wyobileba qarTulsa

da rusuls eklesiaSic, mtkiceT unda vuTvalyuroT, `raTa SemdgomSi aravi-

Tari esegvari ar iqmnes~ (I ms. kreba, kan. 2). xolo es miT ufro SesaZlebe-

lic aris da saWiroc, rom `wyalobiTa RvTisaTa Zveli gardavida, aw yove-

live axal ars~ (2 korinT. 5,17). saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis

ganaxlebisas Cvenca gvmarTebs ganvaxldeT Cvens grZnobebSi urTierTisad

`raTa am Cvenma orma erTmorwmune xalxma, Tvis eklesiur aRTqmaTa erTgu-

lad damcvelebma, SesZlon mSvidobiani cxovreba da TviToeulma aRasru-

los mowodebani Tvisi Cven yovelTa sacxovneblad da sadideblad RvTisa~.

* Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1990 w. #3, gv. 64-74.

1922 wlis ivnisis 20 dRes me saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis saidumlo

rwmunebulis TanaSemwem qavTaraZem ganvixile ra saqarTvelos patriarq

ambrosis mier gagzavnili mowodeba genuis konferenciaze da Cveneba misi

vpove masSi borotmoqmedeba mimarTuli arsebuli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg,

romelic gamoixata provokaciaSi, kontrrevoluciaSi da sabWoTa xelisuf-

lebis gabiabruebaSi.

* suicsa f. 516. aRw. 2. saqme 1. gv. 119.

saqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa komisars*

ukve mesame kvira gadis, rac dapatimrebulni arian sakaTalikoso

sabWos wevrebi, mec akrZaluli maqvs binidan gasvla, mTxovnelebis miReba

da maSasadame Cemi movaleobis aRsruleba. iqneba uxerxuli mdgomareoba.

gTxovT daaCqaroT gamoZieba, rom rac SeiZleba male bolo moeRos gaurkve-

vel da arasasurvel mdgomareobas.

kaTalikos-patriarqi ambrosi.

1922 w. 20 ianvari

* suicsa f. 516, aRw. 2. saqme-1, gv. 131.

saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomares*

Cemi patimruli cxovrebis pirobebSi sionis taZris ezoSi gadasaxleb-

Ti ramdenadme gamoicvala. sakaTalikoso saxlSi mqonda karis eklesia, sa-

dac SemeZlo wirva-locvis Sesruleba, axla ki karis eklesia ara maqvs da

amisaTvis gTxovT rac SeiZleba daCqarebTi momceT ganmarteba, maqvs Tu ara

ufleba kvira uqme dReebSi Sevasrulo wirva-locva sionis sakaTedro ta-

ZarSi.

kaTalikos-patriarqi ambrosi

1923 w. 8 ivlisi

* suicsa 521. aRw. 2. saqme 1. gv. 18.

saqarTvelos socialisturi respublikis uzenaes sasamarTlos

Tavmjdomares dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis gancxadeba 1924 wlis 1 ianvars

Cambarda uzenaesi sasamarTlos gamomZieblis mier Sedgenili daskvniTi

dadgenilebis piri. rogorc `komunistis~ ama wlis #26-dan Cans, saqmis

garCeva ganzraxulia Tebervlis Sua ricxvebSi. amis gamo gTxovT ineboT

gankarguleba raTa a) dameniSnos damcveli, b) momeces neba gavecno saqmes

da amoviRo CemTvis saWiro cnobebi, g) momeces sasualeba movnaxo sabuTebi

sakaTolikoso sabWos kancelariaSi gasabaTileblad braldebisa, e) mieces

Cems Svilebs neba Cemi naxvisa, roca es sawiro iqneba CemTvis, saqmis

mimdinareobis mixedviT.~

1924 w. 3 Tebervali.

* suicsa f. jer. aRw. 2. saqme 3. gv. 24.

saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis saxkomsabWos

Tavmjdomares

dapatimrebul sasuliero pirTa, dekanozebis k. cincaZis, a. ToTibaZis, d.

lazariSvilis

gancxadeba

Cven gamogvicxades ruseTSi gadasaxleba, gTxovT gaiTvaliswinoT, rom

Cven Cvens moqmedebaSi arasodes ar vxelmZRvanelobdiT politikuri

mosazrebebiT. ar gagvagzavnoT ruseTSi.

1924 w. f. asx. gv. 119

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiebis eparqiebs

sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos kancelaria pativiscemiT

gacnobebT, rom 1925 wlis 10 oqtombris ganCinebiT eparqiebis mRvdelmTavar-

Ta krebulis TandaswrebiT aRdgenilia cagerisa da bodbis eparqiebi, xolo

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiidan gamoyofilia ninowmindisa da wilknis eparqiebi.

mRvdelmTavrebad damtkicebulni brZandebian: ninowmindelad mitropoliti

kalistrate, cageris episkoposi aleqsi, bodbisa _ episkoposi stefane,

wilknisa episkoposi pavle.

* xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi #28.

saqarTvelos ssr ganaTlebis komisars*

pativiscemiT gTxovT ineboT gankarguleba, raTa rwmunebuli Cemdami

ninowmidis eparqiis saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad gadmomeces yofil rea-

lur da wm. ninos sax. saswavlebelTa eklesiebis kondakebi, xatebi, Sandle-

bi, Sesamoslebi, wignebi, WurWeli da RvTismsaxurebis sagnebi, romelTac ar

aqvT samecniero mniSvneloba.

ninowmindeli mitropoliti kalistrate

1926 w. 22 aprili

* xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis f. #35.

mitropolit kalistrates*

didad pativcemulo meufeo da Zmao kalistrate

saqmis gamo soxumSi mivdivar da SeiZleba erT-or kviras damagviandes.

gTxovT bzobas, did xuTSabaTs da Tu manamde ver davbrundi aRdgomis

pirvel dResac swiroT sionSi.

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTlikos-patriarqi qristefore

1927 w. 7 aprili


sruliad saqarTvelos ssr caks*

damatebiT 1932 wlis dekembris momarTvisa pativiscemiT gacnobebT, rom

erTi kviris winaT siZveleTa, xelovnebisa da bunebis ZeglTa dacvis ganyo-

filebis mier aRricxvaze aRebul beTaniis monasters da mis meTvalyure be-

rebs ioane maisuraZes da giorgi mxeiZes Rame dacemian SeiaraRebuli

borotmoqmedni, wauRiaT xaliCa, safenebi, tansacmeli, sakeravi manqana.

safiqrebelia, isini arian vinc gaZarcves SiomRvimis monasteri da mokles

berebi kvipriane da mose sumbaZe da sasikvdilod daWres neofite varduaS-

vili.

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate.

1933 w. 31 ianvari

* sucsa f. 284, aRw.1. saqme 220.

saqarTvelos respublikis miliciis ufross amx. S. wereTels*

gegzavnebaT kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates momarTva jvris, qvaTaxevis,

SiomRvimis eklesiebSi mRvdelm-monazonTa daxocvis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos

ssr cakis Tavmjdomaris amx. f. maxaraZis Semdegi rezoluciiT _ gevalebaT

dauyovnebliv miiRoT zomebi damnaSaveTa aRmosaCenad da Sedegebi macnobeT.

f. maxaraZe

Sio-mRvimis monastris winamZRvris, arqimandrit ises (suxiSvili) Canaweri

sqemmRvdelmonazon moses (mcire sqemaSi kvipriane (sumbaZe)) mkvlelobasTan

dakavSirebiT, 1932 wlis 15 dekemberi: `SabaTs, 3 dekembers saRamos, Cemi

piradi saqmis gamo wamovedi Sio-mRvimis monastridan da davutove Cems

megobars, aw gansvenebul didsqema mRvdelmonazon moses eklesiis da

sawinamZRvro saxlis gasaRebi. aseve 10 Tumani. Tan davubare, Tu Cemi

diswuli Camovidodes (exlac velodebi) da Camoitana urmiT Cemi sazamTro

sazrdo, gadaeca urmis qira 10 Tumani da Tu ar eyofoda, Tavisi

daematebina Cems mosvlamde da mieca Cemi saxlis gasaRebi, rom Rame gareT

ar darCeniliyo. aseve morCil daTikos (CitiSvili - SemdgomSi mRvdel-

monazoni) davubare, rom igi gadasuliyo sofel sxaltbaSi gadmosatanad

gamomcxvari purisa, sadac datovebuli mqonda fqvili da amis Semdeg

gavemarTe mcxeTis gavliT Tbilisisaken. 4 dekembers TbilisSi davrCi, 5-Si

diliT gavedi Tbilisidan safosto matarebliT, gavuare mcxeTaSi kbilis

eqims. naSuadRevs gavedi mcxeTidan da 4 saaTi iqneboda, mivedi monasterSi.

roca Sevedi monastris galavanSi, hoi saSinelebav! kata erTi mxridan

momegeba saSineli kiviliT da ZaRli meore mxridan, romelic

araCveulebrivad wkmutunebda, melaquceboda da fexqveS migordeboda.

miuaxlovdi Cemi megobris mose sumbaZis binas. SevniSne, rom mis

sacxovrebel binas klite edo mxolod. meore, romelic sakuWnaod hqonda

da aravis Tavis dReSi ar uSvebda Sig, Ria iyo. Sevexmaure orjer da

vTxove, Cemi binis gasaRebi moeca, magram Signidan xma aravin gamca. vifiqre

SeiZleba ar scalia meTqi da wavedi Cemi saxlisaken. avedi ra kibeze,

SevniSne, Sesavali kari Ria iyo da fanjara Camtvreuli. Sevedi ra aivanSi,

Cemi sawolis oTaxis kari fexiT iyo Selewili, agreTve samzareulosi da

didi darbazisa. Sevedi saxlSi, magidis ujrebi gamoRebuli da areuli iyo.

qveSagebi gadmoyrili, zogi tanisamosi da sacvlebi waRebuli. gavedi

sakuWnao oTaxSi, vixile iqedan waeRoT xuTi Tonis puri da sami Tevze.

amave dros SevniSne, rom magidaze ewyo eklesiis gasaRebi. kvlav davbrundi

dabla gansvenebulis oTaxisaken. SevaRe kari, Sig aravin damxvda.

gamovbrundi ukan ezoSi. vipovne klite gadagdebuli moses sakuWnaosi.

gamovedi wina balkonisken, daviZaxe, ZaxiliT veZaxdi xan moses, xan

daTikos, magram Cems xmas bans aZlevda gamoZaxili buebisa da Wotebisa.

vifiqre, SeiZleba ubedurebas gaeqcnen, wavidnen mcxeTaSi an ZegvSi

miliciaSi gansacxadeblad. ukve bindma moaRwia da movida Cemi morCili

daTikoc, roca saxlSi Semovida CemTan, gakvirvebuli SemekiTxa, rad aris

fanjrebi damtvreulio. me vkiTxe: Sen ar ici, ra moxda aq meTqi. miTxra -

arao. vuTxar, roca sofelSi waxvedi, sad iyo mama mose meTqi. miTxra: aq

iyoo da mTxova Cqara modio, mcxeTaSi minda wasvlao. is Rame gavatareT

mwuxarebaSi, meore diliT adre kvlav SeudeqiT daTvalierebas, ra iyo

wamxdari da ra waRebuli. eklesiaSi ar Sesulan da arc ara dakargula.

daTiko wavida wyalze, sadac SeamCnia XI s-is Zvel saZmos satrapezosTan

auarebeli sisxli daRvrili da zed agurebi da kramitebi dafarebuli.

amovida da Sematyobina. maSinve gaviqeci da vixile saSineleba. iqve

agurebTan SevniSne gaTreuli kaci, romelsac misdevda sisxlis kvali.

eyara orive yurebi moWrili da Tmebi. mkvdari gadaegdoT xevSi. gamoeWraT

yeli, daeWraT orive xelis savarcxlebi da TiTebi iqve egdo. Tvalebi

CaWyletili hqonda. rogorc eqimma Seamowma da Tqva, aRmoCnda 26 Wriloba

sxvadasxva adgilas wels zemoT. iqve egdo tyavis qamari, romelic zidilis

dros gaewyvitaT. saxlSi dabrunebisTanave davwere werili, Sevatyobine

mcxeTaSi episkoposs da milicias. milicia movida, moiyvana meore dRes

eqimi, romelmac Seadgina oqmi da mogvces neba damarxvisa, rasac simdabliT

mogaxsenebT.~

amave wlis seqtemberSi sastikad cemes da sasikvdilo Wriloba miayenes

qvaTaxevis monastris winamZRvars mRvdel-monazon neofites (vardosaniZe),

romelic ramdenime TveSi gardaicvala kidec.

1933 wlis 27 oqtombers wilknis episkoposi aleqsi (gersamia) swers

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs kalistrates: `miviRe cnoba,

rom sami dris win mouklavT sofel Zegvis yovladwminda samebis saxelobis

monastris mRvdel-monazoni rafaeli (kurdovi). miliciis TanxlebiT

wavediT SemTxvevis adgilze. eklesia daketili dagvxda. fanjridan Cans,

rom xatebi da wignebi gadmoyrilia. sacxovrebeli bina berisa daketilia,

Sig yvelaperi xeluxlebelia, ezo da karmidamo ki saSinlad areul-

dareulia. SesasvlelSi bevri sisxlia da iq unaxavT mama rafaelic. masac

yeli aqvs gamoWrili. ramdenime didi da Rrma Wriloba aqvs miyenebuli

tanze didi daniT. kaba Semomwvari aqvs. sxeuli da wveri cotaTi damwvari.

rogorc sCans, borotmzraxvelebs uwamebiaT. mama rafaeli ukve daemarxaT.

me amovaTxrevine, gavbaneT rogorc, wesi iyo, gavapatiosneT micvalebuli,

wesi augeT da axlidan davasaflaveT. SabaTs-uwiravT kidec. gamoCnda erTi

msurvelic aq dasaxlebis. es aris ierodiakoni parTeni (afciaiuri), Tu

nebas damrTavT, mas Cavabareb aRniSnul monasters.~

magaliTad mogvyavs sofel dilikauris samrevlos wevrebis 1934 wlis 25

TebervliT daTariRebuli Txovna: `Cven varT marTlmadidebelni

qristianeni. gvyavs sulieri moZRvari. miuxedavad amisa, soflis aRmaskomis

Tavmjdomarem da sabWos wevrebma dagvixures dilikauris yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis eklesia da mRvdel spiridon WipaSvils

aukrZales wirva-locvis Catareba da am mokle xanSi CamogvarTves

dilikauris wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiac da xsnian SigniT klubs,

Cven ki Soridan cremlmoreulni vuyurebT maT. amisTvis umorCilesad

gTxovT, ineboT gankarguleba da gaTavisuflebul iqnas erTi eklesia mainc,

raTa saSualeba mieces mRvdels Caataros RvTismsaxureba. xels awers 200

kaci~. iqve mimarTavs TxovniT mRvdeli spiridonic saeparqio sabWos: `Tumca

wamerTva ukanonod, Cemi siymawvilidan naSovni saxl-kari, uZrav-moZravi

qonebis saxiT, adgilobrivi mTavrobisagan da damtoves gasawylebuli,

magram sarwmunoebis dacvis gulisaTvis, romelic Sevswire zeciur mamas,

barem xorcielad unda Sevewiro. amitom, umorCilesad gTxovT,

gamomigzavnoT nebarTva, raTa uklebliv Sevasrulo yvela mRvdelmoqmedeba

morwmuneTa Soris, romelic damWirdeba.~

`Tqvenma uwmindesobam uwyis, rom Cems eparqiaSi, mxolod oTxiode

mRvdelia, romlebic emsaxurebian morwmuneT moTxovnilebis dros.

saguramos da mis garSemo mcxovrebT emsaxureba zedaznis monastris

winamZRvari arqimandriti miqaeli (mandaria), pirovneba yovlad-patiosani,

uangaro da xalxisgan pativdebuli, Cemgan micemuli aqvsmandati, rom

emsaxuros sofels. am ori kviris win adgilobriv xelisuflebas Tu sxvas,

ar vici, aukrZalavT misTvis sofelSi wasvla da iq samsaxuri. sofel

saguramos mcxovreblebma gamomigzavnes gancxadeba da mTxoven mivsce neba

arqimandrit miqaels emsaxuros maT. warmovadgen ra Tqvens uwmidesobasTan

morwmuneTa Txovnas, umdablesad gTxovT, rogorme gamoarkvioT da

iSuamdgomlod visTanac jer ars, rom arqimandriti miqaeli emsaxuros im

soflis mcxovrebT, romelnic Cabarebuli aqvs. aqve moviyvanT saguramoelTa

gancxadebas _ Cven qvemoT amis xelis momwerni gTxovT neba misceT

zedazenis arqimandrits miqaels da mis TanaSemwes iRumen eqvTimes

kereseliZes maszed, rom gvemsaxuron saWiroebis dros, mRvdelmoqmedebis

wesebis SesrulebiT. vinaidan Cven sakuTari mRvdeli ar gvyavs. xels aweren:

isaak undilaSvili, abraam qurcikiZe, Saqro Cilauri, svimon CinaSvili,

giorgi bedukiZe, ivane bedukiZe, sandro undilaSvili, ivane undilaSvili,

saba biCnigauri, tato SonTiSvili, solomon moZRvriSvili.~

`Tqveno uwmindesobav da unetaresobav, sruliad saqarTvelos

mamamTavaro, uwinares yovlisa viTxov Tqveni uwmidesobis locva-kurTxevas

da muxlmodrekiT geamborebiT marjvenasa zeda. me bodiSs viTxov Tqveni

uwmidesobis SewuxebisaTvis, magram saqmis viTarebam amiZula momemarTa

piradad TqvenTvis. Tqvens uwmidesobas moexseneba, rom Cveni aragvis xeobis

eklesia-samlocveloebi mTlianad ganadgurebulia borotmzraxvelTagan da

am mizeziT iZulebuli viyavi fasanauris eklesiis vercxleuli (inventari)

mainc rogorme migvemala sadme da asec moviqeciT, romelic es meore

weliwadia damaluli gvaqvs. am sami kviris winaT adgilobrivi `gepeus~

ufrosma momTxova fasanauris eklesiis vercxleulis siis naxva da me

kategoriulad uari uTxari im mizeziT, rom mTlad damaluli gvaqvs SiSi

gamo meTqi da bolos momTxoves sia vercxleulobisa, romelic maSinve

amovwere da gadaveci. axla am aprilis pirvels adgilobrivi sabWos

Tavjdomaris TanaSemwe da viRac raionidan amosuli movidnen da mTxoves

eklesiis gaReba da aRwera da me isev im mizniT, rom damaluli gvaqvs

meTqi, ar avawerine da uTxari, rom eklesiis sabWos da molares

daukiTxavad me ar ZalmiZs meTqi. moviwvie molare da SigadaSig ramdenime

piric Segrovdnen da imaTi TandaswrebiT gavuRe eklesia. roca ixiles, rom

iq vercxleuli zeze ar moipoveboda, imaTac mTxoves vercxleulis sia. me

moviTxove oficialuri gankarguleba Tu visi brZanebiT Txoulobdnen

eklesiis qonebis sias. Tumca ki, rodesac eklesiebi registraciaSi iqna

gatarebuli, erTi piri am siisa raionSi moipoveboda, meore ki eklesiaSi.

meore dRes miTxres, rom unda SevafasoT, Tu ra Rirebulebisa aris

vercxleulio da axla ar vici Zalas ixmaren Tu ara. am ori kviris win

adgilobrivi sabWos prezidiums daudgenia zaris Camoxsna da fasanauris

centrSi dakideba saaTis samagierod, razedac adgilobrivi mkvidrnic xels

awerdnen da ra gavige es, maSinve me da molare partkomis mdivanTan SevediT

da auxseniT, Tu aqvT ufleba daukiTxavad saeklesio sabWosi Camoxsnan

zari? partkomis mdivanma Tqva, yovlad SeuZlebelia daukiTxavad saeklesio

sabWosi misi Camoxsnao da jer-jerobiT isev Tavis adgilze hkidia zari da

iqidan dReSi samjer rekaven Cvenis nebarTviT. axla vTxov, Tqvens

uwmidesobas rCeva-darigebas Tu rogor moviqceT. eklesia Tu saxelmwifos

CamoSorda, maSin raRa suyvelanairad gviSlian xels? me yovel kiTxvaze da

moTxovnaze vpasuxob xolme, rom eg Cems qonebas ar Seadgens, samrevlos

SeekiTxeT da rogorc isurveben, me winaaRmdegoba ar ZalmiZs meTqi. Zalian

cudi TvaliT micqeren da riT dabolovdeba Cemi saqme ar vici. amaTi

mizania rogorme xelT igdon es vercxleuli. orjer gamitexes eklesia,

saidanac gaitanes pirvelad fulis yuTi 130 maneTiT da meored saukeTeso

xaliCa da ori kilogrami wmida sanTeli. axla Tqvens gankargulebas veli.

me mindoda wilknis episkoposisaTvis mimemarTna Suamdgomlobis

aRsaZvrelad, magram nagvianebi iqneboda, radgan aqve fasanaurSi arian is

pirebi da amis gamo gavkadnierdi Tqveni uwmidesobis Sewuxebas.~ fasanauris

wm. petresa da pavles saxelobis eklesiis winamZRvari Sio kaiSauri

1937 wlis 7 ivliss mitropoliti varlaami (maxaraZe) dainiSna quTais-

gaenaTis eparqiis mmarTvelad da quTaisis mwvaneyvavilas mTavarangelozTa

saxelobis eklesiis winamZRvrad. masve daevala Wyondidis, margveTis,

cagerisa da nikorwmindis eparqiebis marTvac. eparqiaSi axlad Casul

meufes quTaisis samRvdeloebam TxovniT mimarTa, devnisa da Seviwroebis

gamo, rodesac saSiSi iyo quCaSi samRvdelo SesamoseliT siarulic ki,

eSuamdgomla kaTolikosTan, raTa neba daerTo samoqalaqo tansacmliT

siarulisa. gancxadebas xels awerdnen Semdegi samRvdeloeba _ dekanozi

konstantine SaniZe, dekanozi ambrosi fofxaZe, dekanozi silovan SublaZe,

dekanozi aleqsandre SaniZe, dekanozi naum SavianiZe, dekanozi ilarion

gordulaZe, dekanozi parmen ebanoiZe, dekanozi filimon cincaZe, dekanozi

svimon xvadagiani, dekanozi isidore svaniZe, mRvdeli nikoloz WiraqaZe.

1936 wlis 1 aprils TbilisSi gardaicvala pensiaze myofi episkoposi

stefane (karbelaSvili). igi dasaflavebulia kukiis wminda ninos saxelobis

eklesiis sasaflaoze.l 1938 wlis 7 Tebervals TbilisSi #1 saavadmyofoSi

operaciis dros gardaicvala wilkneli episkoposi aleqsi (gersamia). am

droisaTvis wilknis eparqiaSi, kerZod mTiuleTSi sami moqmedi mRvdeliRa

iyo darCenili: dekanozi Sio kaiSauri, mRvdeli grigol Coxeli da

mRvdeli ioane beqauri, xolo xevSi erTi _ sofel kobSi _ mRvdeli mixeil

iToniSvili.

1939 wlis 19 marts kaTolikos-patriarqma kalistratem sveticxovlis

sapatriarqo taZris arqimandrit tarasis (kandelaki) episkoposad daasxa

xelni da wilknis eparqia Caabara. misi marTvelobis dasawyisSi wilknis

eparqiis oTxive olqi oficialurad ukve daxurulad iTvleboda, mxolod

zogierT sofelSi agrZelebdnen Cum-Cumad mRvdlebi saeklesio wesebis

Sesrulebas.

saqarTveloSi eklesiisa da saxelmwifos Soris aseTi mdgomareoba

gagrZelda 1943 wlamde. am wels saxelmwifom eklesias misca ufleba

gaexsnaT daketili taZrebi da samRvdeloebasac oficialurad darTes neba

aResrulebinaT wirva-locva da saeklesio wesebi morwmuneTaTvis. im Jamad

moqmedi yvela eparqiis episkoposs daevala SeedginaT siebi im sasuliero

pirTa Sesaxeb, romelTac gamosTqves survili gaegrZelebinaT

mRvdelmoqmedeba da eklesiaSi samsaxuri. amasTan dakavSirebiT, 1944 wlis 30

agvistos, wilkneli episkoposi tarasi werils ugzavnis sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs kalistrates: mRvdlebi, romlebic

Tqvendamo gamogzavnil siaSi ar iyvnen da namdvilad ki msaxuroben, arian

Semdegni: mRvdeli aleqsandre wiklauri, romelic msaxurobs da ar

Seuwyvetia mas samsaxuri, aris erwoSi Tavis sofelSi meliasxevSi da

eklesia hqonda sofel saydrionSi. exla aqvs Tu ara wirva-locva ar vici

zustad. sadac ki miswvdeba erwoSi, yvelgan is asrulebs wesebs. radgan

Tqven ar gcodniaT am mRvdlis yofna iq, maSasadame arc mironi eqneba

Tqvengan waRebuli. me rac mcxeTaSi vmsaxurob 7 welia da maT Soris eqvsi

welia wilknis episkoposad, arc CemTan gamocxadebula arc mironisaTvis da

arc arafrisaTvis. sainteresoa, riT naTlavs bavSvebs? aseve msaxurobs

mRvdel-monazoni danieli (gilaSvili), esec erwoSi, oRond ar vici romel

sofelSi. mRvdelma wiklaurma icis misi misamarTi. SarSan iyo CemTan,

mandats Tu adgils Txoulobda, me TqvenTan gamovgzavne da ra vici iyo Tu

ara. Semdegia mRvdeli nikoloz JiJiaSvili, romelic ukurTxebia mRvdlad

kaTolikos-patriarqs leonides (oqropiriZe). medaviTneoba uswavlia

feriscvalebis mamaTa monasterSi, msaxurobda medaviTned jer kobSi, Semdeg

ki Tavis sofelSi xorxSi da amave soflis wm. giorgis eklesiis saxelzed

kurTxeulia 1920 wels, sadac dRemde msaxurobda. aris 67 wlis.

kidev erTi xevsuri mRvdeli ioseb oCiauri msaxurobs xevsureTSi,

duSeTis raionis soflebSi: barisaxoSi da axielSi. es mRvdeli gavicani

kavkavSi. iq Camoiyvana Tavisi ori Svili, qali da vaJi da saswavlebelSi

misca. aqedan vkiTxulob mas da miTxres isev msaxurobso. amboben kidev

arian xevsureTSi mRvdlebio, oRond sad da vin arian ar vici namdvilad.

mRvdel iosebisaTvis ar gamigzavnia miweriloba, radgan misamarTi

dakarguli mqonda. exla vipovne da imasac ugzavni. jer aravisgan pasuxi ar

aris mosuli. yvelas dazRveuli werilebi gaugzavne da jer marto iRumeni

arCil TaraSvili movida CemTan. amasTan mogarTmevT Tqvens leqsikons,

rogorc gadavavle Tvali saCqarod. es marto qiziyelebs ar ekuTvniT,

aramed mTel saqarTvelos.~

uamravi werili Semovida kaTolikos-patriarqis saxelze quTais-gaenaTisa

da Wyondidis eparqiebidan, sadac morwmuneebi iTxovdnen eklesiebis gaxsnas

da moZRvrebis daniSvnas. sujunis wminda giorgis eklesiis mrevlis Txovna,

1944 wlis 25 Tebervali: `dRemde xsenebul eklesiaSi binadroben mezRvaurni

da dRes ki eklesia gaclilia imaTgan, amisTvis umorCilesad gTxovT,

radgan nebadarTulia yovelive mRvdelmoqmedeba, gTxovT dagvibrunoT

eklesia da sanam igi moewyoba da gamSvendeba, manamdis, dReidan ubrZanoT

mTavaruxucess Cvens mRvdels petre kucias Segvisrulos Cven da visac

dasWirdeba yovelive mRvdelmoqmedeba, iq sadac saWiroeba moiTxovs.~

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo centralur arqivSi, uaxloesi istoriis

fondSi, erTi metad saitereso cnobaa daculi, romelsac kaTolikos-

patriarqi kalistrate 1945 wlis 28 marts ugzavnis sabWoTa socialisturi

respublikis kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan arsebul marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sabWos rwmunebuls saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikaSi baton

konstantine qadagiSvils:

`sanam saqarTvelos sakaTolikozos eklesiur mdgomareobas gagacnobdeT,

sawirod mimaCnia waumZRvaro Semdegi: 1917 welSi sakaTolikozoSi iyo 1500

eklesia, 1600 mRvdeli da amdenive diakon-wignis mkiTxveli.

1937 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis ki: eklesia 187, mRvdeli 203 da diakon-wignis

mkiTxveli: 43. 1937 welSi mravali eklesia daiketa, samRvdeloni nebsiT Tu

uneblieT CamoSordnen eklesias. zogi ki samrevlom ar gauSva _ darCiT

CvenTan da utaZroT gagviwieT moZRvrobao. mRvdlebic darCnen da

asrulebdnen TavianT movaleobas mrevlisa, Tu saxelmwifos winaSe, _

ixdidnen gadasaxds, iZendnen obligaciebs da sxva.

saeparqio mTavrobebs (ukeT kaTolikoz-patriarqs) ueklesiod darCenil

mRvdlebis mdgomareoba miaCnda ara kanonierad, ris gamo kaTolikozi

SeeTaTbira saTanado samoqalaqo xelisuflebas, romelTanac SeTanxmebiT

mRvdlebi kaTolikozis mier ayvanil iqmnen aRricxvaze, da maT eZleodaT

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTan erTad gamomuSavebuli, Semdegi formis

mowmoba: `xelis moweriTa da beWdis dasmiT dasturdeba, rom amis

warmomadgeneli mRvdeli ## ufleba mosilia Seusrulos yovelgvari

qristeanuli RvTis msaxureba da wesebi Tavis mrevlsa da gareSeTac,

rodesac isini mimarTaven am gvar TxovniT. Tu ukanasknelni iseT adgilidan

arian, sadac mRvdeli ar aris da mama ##-s iq miiwveven, amis Sesaxeb unda

ecnobos xelisuflebis adgilobriv warmomadgenels.~

am rigad mRvdlebi registrirebul iqmnen da mrevls mieca saSvaleba

daekmayofilebina Tavis sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebis nawili, magram igi

ueklesiod rCeboda uziarebeli, rac mTavari sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebaa

qristeaneTaTvis.

1943 wlis oqtombris 8 daarsda s.s.r. kavSiris sax. komsabWosTan

marTlmadidebel eklesiis saqmeTa gamo calke sabWo. marTalia es sabWo

daniSnuli iyo ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiisaTvis, magram, vinaidan

igi daarsebuli iyo kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan, amisaTvis, morwmuneebis

azriT, misi gavlena unda gavrcelebuliyo mTel kavSiris

marTlmadideblebze. amisTvis kaTolikoz-patriarqs samrevloebma moarTves

Txovnebi eklesiebis gaxnisaTvis. es Txovnebi 1944 wlis ianvris 10 da

Tebervlis 17, #1222, 1261 da 1262, gadaegzavna saqarTvelos s.s.r.

saxkomsabWos Tavjdomares dasakmayofileblad. Txovnebi imave wlis

aprilSi gadaeca kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan arsebul marTlmadidebel

eklesiis sabWos rwmunebuls Cvens respublikaSi, k. i. qadagiSvils.

saqmeebTan gacnobis Semdeg, konstantine ilarionis Zem aRZra saTanado

Suamdgomloba visdamic jer ars, magram jer jerobiT gaxsnilia sami

eklesia, _ manglisSi, stalinirSi da sasaflaosi _ baTumSi, samebis

saxelobisa. am Jamad sakaTolikozoSi moqmedobs 29 eklesia, romelSidac

moRvaweoben 5 mRvdelmTavari, 41 ZiriTadad momuSave mRvdeli, 2

protodiakoni da 3 wignis mkiTxveli, da zed miwerilni: mRvdelni 77 da

medaviTne 2. amaT garda mxolod aRricxvaze aris ayvanili 4, savsebiT

sakaTolikozoSi iricxeba 135 eklesiis msaxuri. SesaZleblad mimaCnia,

mTebSi kidev iyvnen CarCenilni mRvdlebi.

samRvdeloebis moqmedeba gamoixateboda wirva-locva, wesebis

SesrulebaSi, SeZlebisa da gvarisa qadageba _ darigebis warmoebaSi,

sarwmunoeba-zneobiT adamianis saxis micemaSi morwmuneTaTvis, samamulo

omis warmoebis Jams Tavdacvis fondis dagrovebaSi, rogorc piradi

wvliliT, ise morwmuneTa Soris SekrebiliT: 1944 wlis ianvridan

dRevandlamde Sekrebilia 102-274 maneTi*.

*xelnawerTa erovnuli centri kalistrate cincaZis fondi #77, #79.

saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari 2009 w. gv. 221-236.

wyalobiTa RmrTisaiTa,

mdabali kalistrate,

kaTolikos-patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa*

sayvarelTa SvilTa saqarTvelos eklesiisaTa:

qriste aRdga!

Cvenamde moaRwia cnobam, rom zogierT yofil mRvdlebs uCumrad dauwyiaT

qristianuli wesebis Sesruleba, SeutaniaT arevdareva saeklesio

cxovrebaSi da ganuzraxavT ndoba daukargon kanonierad dadginebul

mRvdelmsaxurT.

am cxovarTa samosliT movlinebul, xolo Sinagan mtacebel mgelTa (maT.

VII,15) magaliTiT usargebliaT zogierT saero pirebs da Sedgomian

saeklesio wesebis Taviseburi gagebiT Sesrulebas. zogierT TqvenTagans,

sayvarelno, es cru moZRvarni (2 pet. II,I), romleni ara hmoneben (msaxureben)

ufalsa Cvensa ieso qristes, aramed mucelsa Tvissa (rom. XVI.18), romel ars

RmerTi maTi (filip. III.19), Segviwynarebies viTarca msaxurni qristesni.

crumoZRvrebTan erTad Tavi uCeniaT cruwinaswarmetyvelTa (mat. VII.15) da

qadagTa, romelnic TiTqos zegardmo STagonebisa gamo muqariT

gafrTxileben: Tu bavSvebis monaTvlas daayovnebT, ueWvelad daixocebiano.

bavSvebs rom monaTvla unda, es qristeanTaTvis WeSmaritebaa, magram

Svilebs unda vnaTlavdeT ara sikvdilis SiSiT (ebr. II.15) (sikvdili ar

arCevs monaTluls mounaTlavisagan), aramed qriste macxovris mcnebaze

dafuZnebul Sinagani SegnebiT: romelsa hrwmenes da naTeliRos, igi

cxovndes (mark. XVI.16 Sead. ioan. III.3).

TavianTi gafrTxileba-qadagebiT misan-mezRapreT (I mef. XXVIII.9) miznad

dausaxavT cTunebis Setana Tqven Soris, WeSmarit ars sityva uflisa:

aRdgnen cru winaswarmetyvelni, raTa acTunon, ukeTumca SeuZles,

rCeulnica (mark. XIII.22).

igive misan-qadagni Caagoneben morwmuneT, TiTqos wmindanebi ganrisxebul

iyvnen maTze da risxvis Tavidan asacileblad da wmindanebis

lmobiersayofelad saWiro iyos zvarakebis dakvla.

sayvarelno! sisxlian msxverplis Sewirva ganwesebuli iyo Zvel aRTqmaSi,

magram igi moaswavebda qriste macxovris mier jvarzed sisxlis danTxevas,

gamosaxsnelad Cvenda codvisa, wyevisa da sikvdilisagan (ebr. IX.1-12; efes.

I.7; gal. III,13; ebr. II.14-15); Tavis Tavad ki msxverplni da Sesawiravni ver

SemZlebel iyvnen codviT Sepyrobil SemwirvelTa guliTad srulyofad

(sinidisis damSvidebad) (ebr. IX.9), igini mxolod ganamtkicebdnen

SemwirvelTa Soris rwmenasa da sasoebas momaval macxovrisadmi. amisTvis

vacTa da zvarakTa (ebr. IX.12) msxverplad Sewirvis am Jamad mqadagebelni

auqmeben qristes mier gaRebul msxverplis mniSvnelobas, anu, rogorc

ityvis wm. mociquli, calieryofen jvarsa qristessa (I kor. I.17) da

gvtoveben Cven codvisa qveSe (rom. III.9). nu iyofin: qriste erTgzis

(msxverplad) Seiwira CvenTvis da mogvaniWa saukuno gamoxsna (ebr. IX.12,28),

gangviwesa usisxlo msxverplis - puris da Rvinis Sewirva, brZana ra: amas

hyofdiT mosaxsenebelad Cemda (luk. XII.17-20; mat. XXVI.28; I kor. XI.23-25).

glocavT Tqven, Svilno Cemno sayvarelno!

ekrZaleniT, nu vinme RvTismgalobelTa da qristes uarismyofelTa

gacTunnes Tqven (mat. XXIV.4); ganaSoreniT Tavni Tqvenni crumoZRvarTa,

cruwinaswarmetyvelTa, misan-mezRapreTa da qadagTagan; miiqeciT

sarwmunoebriv moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad kanonierad dadginebul

moZRvarTa mimarT, romelnic ganageben qristes saidumloTa da romelTac

boZebuli aqvT adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTa an Cven mier xelmowerili

sigeli, raTa maTgan Sesrulebul RvTismsaxurebiT moiRebdeT madlsa da

wyalobasa uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristessa. amin.

1936 w. aprilis 28

#347

tfilisi

i. stalins

neba miboZeT, Tqveni dabadebidan samoci wlis Sesrulebul zatikobaSi,

davido wili saqarTvelos mwyemsmTavarTa uxucesma da gangicxadoT zraxva-

ni gulisa Cemisani.

Tqven, siWabukiTganve ara scani Zili TvalTa, ruli wamTa da gansveneba

xorcTa tvirTmZimeTa da maSvralTa cremlTa mosaspobad.

amisaTvis madlierma erma dagsvaT ZlierTa TvisTa Soris da SegmosaT

dauWknobeli didebiT.

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate

1939, 14 dekemberi

saqarTvelos kp(1) centraluri komitetis mdivans k. Carkvians

didad pativcemulo moqalaqe kandid nestorisZev, revoluciamde

saqarTveloSi moqmedi iyo 1500-ze meti eklesia. amJamad moqmed eklesiaTa

raodenoba aris 15... daxurul eklesiaTa Soris aris msoflioSi

saxelganTqmuli mcxeTis `sveticxovelic~, romelic cnobilia ara marto

imiT, rom iSviaTi istoriuli Zeglia, aramed umTavresad miT, rom is aris

qarTveli eris akvani da embazi. Cveni xalxisa da eklesiis uryevi

tradiciiT. saqarTvelos eklesiis mamadmTavris, kaTolikos-aptriarqis

kurTxeva ueWvelad unda moxdes sveticxovelSi. amis gamo xsenebuli taZris

aramoqmed eklesiad gadaqceva pirdapiri nabijia aTasxuTaswlovani

saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis gauqmebisaTvis, rac erTis mxriT

sababs miscems Cvens mter-moyvrebs axmaurdnen axalgazrda axalgazrda

respublikis winaaRmdeg, xolo meore arasasiamovnod darCeba Cvens xalxsac,

miuxedavad misi Svilebis rwmenis sxvaobisa, Tu urwmunoebisa, eklesiis

damoukidebloba erT-erTi mTavari boZia TviT eris damoukideblobisa. es

Segneba iyo mizezi imisa, rom didmpyrobelurma ruseTis sinodma asi wlis

ganmavlobaSi mravalferovani ZaladobiT erTi wuTiTac ver dagvaviwya

kaTolikos-patriarqis funqciebis SeCereba. axla Cveni eklesiis

avtokefaloba Cvenve gavauqmoT misTvis, rom mcxeTis raionis mesveurobiT

dasWirdaT episkoposis bedSavi oTaxi?.. vfiqrobT, sanam sabWoTa kavSirSi

moqmedebs didi stalinis brwyinvale konstitucia da arsebobs rwmenisa da

RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis Tavisufleba qarTvelobaSic unda darCes

mSobeli eklesiis mier gamomuSavebuli Tavisebureba, maT Soris

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauris, kaTolikos-patriarqis sveticxovelSi

kurTxevis wesic. naTqvamidan cxadia, rom sveticxovlis moqmed Tu

aramoqmed taZrad gamocxadebas aqvs politikuri mniSvnelobac da sakiTxi

amis Sesaxeb, Tu dResdReobiT yvelasTvis ar aris sagrZnobi mwvaved

wamoiWreba moxuc (75 w.) kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg. aseT

uxerxul mdgomareobaSi rom ar CavardeT saWiroa, rom sanam sveticxovlis

daxurvis ambavi ar gaxmaurebula, misi gaxsna, miT umetes, rom igi daixura

administraciuli wesiT. 1941 wlis 13 ivniss daibares sveticxovlis

winamZRvris moadgile, episkoposi tarasi kandelaki da ubrZanes 48 saaTis

ganmavlobaSi bina gaaTavisufle da taZris gasaRebi Cagvabareo, rac iseTi

sisastikiT iqna Sesrulebuli, rom gamoZevebulma taZridan sakuTari

nivTebis gamotanis nebarTvac ver miiRo. SesaZlebelia adgilobrivma

xelisuflebam taZris daxurvis mizezad exla daasaxelos gadasaxadis

Seutanloba, magram es swori ar iqneba, sanam mcxeTa Tbilisis gareubnis

raionSi Sedioda arc sveticxovels da arc mis RvTismsaxurebiT ar

begravdnen iTvaliswinebdnen ra sveticxovlis mniSvnelobas, mis ukidures

siRaribes da im garemoebas, rom am didmniSvnelovan Zeglisa da mis farTo

ezos usasyidlod uvlida eklesiis krebuli, ris gamoc mcxeTis raisabWos

ar uxdeboda wliurad 600-700 maneTis gaReba. wels ki datoves ra

yuradRebis gareSe sveticxovlis mniSvneloba da mis msaxurTa Rvawli

taZris mimarT, isini dabegres da wina wlebis gadasaxadebic zed miamates.

TavisTavad cxadia samas Tumnian Semosavlidan sveticxoveli wliurad 9741

maneTs verasodes ver gadaixdis. saqmis aseTi viTarebis gamo mivmarTe

piradi TxovniT da saTanado ganmartebiT saqarTvelos ssr finsaxkoms,

romelmac momismina ra guldasmiT brZana: `moiTmineT, movifiqroTo.~ amis

Semdeg adgilobriv fininspeqcias sveticxovlisaTvis gadasaxadi aRar

mouTxovnia. magram axla mcxeTis administraciis aCqarebulma moqmedebam

xeli SeuSala finsaxkomis dapirebis ganxorcielebas. mogaxsenebT ra

zemoaRniSnuls mokrZalebiT gTxovT ineboT, gamonaklisis saxiT Semdegi

gankarguleba: 1. CaiTvalos sveticxovlis Sroma da Rvawli taZris movla-

patronobisaTvis Seweril gadasaxadis angariSSi; 2. miRebul iqnas amis

damatebad, rasac ki eklesia SeZlebs 1000-1200 maneTi wliurad; 3.

dauyovnebliv gaxsnil iqnas sveticxoveli; 4. daubrundes episkopos tarasis

misi yofili bina. sveticxovlis ezoSi, raTa is sasyidlis miuReblad

Seudges upatronod darCenil WaRaraTSemosil Zeglisa da mis avladidebis

Cveulebrivi gulmodginebiT movlas; 5. Camoeweros mas (tarasi episkoposs)

1939 da 1940 wlis gadasaxadebi.

sruliad saqarTvelos


1941 w. 15 ivnisi.

* xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. kalistrate cincaZis f. #77.

wyalobiTa RvTisaTa*

mdabali kalistrate, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

ra mohyva germanelTa am veragul SemoWras? pirvel yovlisa normaluri

cxovrebis mimdinareobis Seferxeba, auarebel moqalaqeTa sicocxlis mospo-

ba Tu daWra-dasaxiCreba da welTa ganmavlobaSi dagrovil nivTier saSua-

lebaTa ganiaveba.

Tavdamsxmelebs ganuzraxavT CvenTvis orgvagi ZRveni _ sikvdili fiziku-

ri da sikvdili zneobriv-gonebrivi. miviRebT Cven am zRvars?

nu iyofin!

maS, sayvarelno, am imediT mtkiced vdgeT Tavisuflebasa mas, romelTac

qristeman gangvaTavisufla Cven da nu kualad uRelsa mas monebisasa Tavs

videbT. aRviWurvoT Seuryeveli rwmeniT, rom ampartavanTa Semmusvreli mos-

cems mxedrobasa Cvensa Zalas wardevnos Cvengan yovelni mterni!

1941 w. 24 ivnisi


Tbilisi, kaTolikos kalistrates

gTxovT gadasceT saqarTvelos sakaTolikosos samRvdeloebas da morwmu-

neT, romelTac ori aTasi maneTi Seagroves saCuqrad gmiri wiTeli armii-

saTvis Cemi xalxi da wiTeli armiis madloba.

i. stalini

1942 w.

moskovi, kremli, i. stalins

saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso morwmuneni samRvdeloeba, romelTac es es

aris ganaaxles eklesiur-kanonikuri urTierToba moskovis patriarqTan.

mogesalmebian Tqven oqtombris revoluciis 26-e wlisaTvis gamo. gilocaven

kievis ruseTis qalaqTa dedis ganTavisuflebas faSisturi monobisagan,

evedrebian uzenaess ganagrZos dReni Tqvenni mravalsa welsa sayvarel

samSoblos sakeTildReod da male wiTel armiass, romelsac Tqven

xelmZRvanelobT sruliad ganewmindos mterTagan Cveni wmida samSoblo.

1943 w. 13.XI.

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. kalistrate cincaZis f. #144.

nawyvetebi sadResaswaulo qadagebebidan*

wyalobiTa RvTisaTa kalistrate sruliad saqarTvelos kaToliokos-

patriarqi mogilocavT Tqven sayvarelno axal weliwads da dResaswaulebs

qristeSobisas da naTlisRebisas imyofeba ra Tqvens Soris suliTa da gu-

liT aRavlens mxurvale vedrebas beTlemSi Sobilis RvTisa Zlierebisadmi,

mianiWos diadsa samSoblosa Cvensa gamarjveba verag mterzed da misi

sruliad gandevnis Semdeg Cveni samSoblos wmida sazRvrebidan, dagvibru-

nos janmrTelad dRes frontzed moRvaweni Cveni Svilebi, Zmebi da meuRle-

ni, aRavsos qveyana Ceni, saxlni Cvenni da gulni Cvenni siyvaruliTa da sixa-

ruliTa da keTilmsaxurTa, raTa mSvidobiT aRsavse guliT SevRavadoT.

dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa da qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba da kacTa Soris

saTnoeba.

1943 w.


i. stalins

kacTa Soris rCeulo dido qarTvelo, mogarTmevT ra saqarTvelos

eklesiis kalendars 1948 wlisaTvis, mokrZalebiT gTxovT, SehracxoT igi

saaxalwlo ZRvnad da dafaroT gaparuli Secdomebi TqvenTvis Cveuli

sulgrZelobiT.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate

1948. 17 noemberi

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis*

(mcire SeniSvna)

saqarTvelos eklesia daarsda meoTxe saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. igi

pirdapir antioqiis sapatriarqos: antioqiaSi xeldasxmidan mis

episkoposebad berZnebs. es garemoeba did dabrkolebas warmoadgenda

rogorc saqarTvelos eklesia, ise saqarTvelos saxelmwifosaTvisac. sapat-

riarqoze damokidebuli mRvdelTmTavrebi _ berZnebi TavianT moRvaweobas

uTanxmebdnen bizantiis imperatoris politikas. amisTvis iyo, rom bizantiis

mezoblad mdebare mcire saxelmwifoebis meTaurebi cdilobdnen TavianT

sabrZanebelSi eklesiis saTaveSi daeyenebinaT kaTolikozebi (kaTolikozi

SeniSnavs: marTlmadidebel eklesiis meTauri bizantiis gareSe

aRmosavleTSi); eseni, Tundac berZnebi yofiliyvnen, angariSs uwevdnen

TavianT xelmwifeebs da sakuTar eklesiis saWiroebas.

Sors mWvretelma vaxtang gorgasalma (446-499) isargebla kargi

ganwyobilebiT bizantielebTan, _ TvalsaCino daxmareba aRmouCina

sparselebTan brZolaSi, da gamoiTxova kaTolikozi da 12 episkopozi: es

ukve sakmaod damoukidebeli da Zlieri organizacia iyo, miuxedavad imisa,

rom yvelani STamomavlobiT berZnebi iyvnen.

iustine imperatoris dros (527-565) qarTvelebma am saqmeSi erTi nabijiT

waiwies win, _ miiRes ufleba mRvdelTmTavarTa dadginebisa qarTvelTagan,

Tumca isinic xeldasxmisaTvis unda antioqiaSi wasuliyvnen.

meSvide saukunis dasawyisSi TviT istoriulma garemocvam moumarTa xeli

qarTvelebs, kidev waedgaT erTi nabiji mSoblio eklesiis avtokefalobis

gzaze dayenebisaTvis: arabebi damkvidrnen mcire aziaSi da Sekres gza

antioqiisa da saqarTvelos Soris. qarTvelebi faqtiurad damoukidebelni

gaxdnen, _ episkopozebsa da kaTalikozebs TviT xeldasxmidnen.

roca merve saukunis Sua wlebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda kavSirgabmuloba

antioqiasTan, Cvenma winaprebma moindomes kanonikurad (iuridiulad)

gaeformebinaT Tavisi damoukidebloba: gagzavnes antioqiaSi 12 kacisagan

Semdgari delegacia, _ maTgan mxolod orma miaRwia asureTis deda-

qalaqamde, danarCenebi gzaSi daxoces yaCaRebma. Teofilaqte patriarqma

(744-751), moismina ra qarTvelebis Txovna da aTi kacis daxocvis ambavi,

moiwvia kreba, romelmac ganaCina: _ kaTolikozebi da episkopozebi

xeldasxmuli yofiliyvnen saqarTveloSi, im pirobiT, xom damoukideblobis

niSnad kaTolikozs (mxolod mas) wirva-locvis dros moexseniebia

antioqiis patriarqi.

es ukve ukanaskneli nabiji iyo sruli avtokefaliobis mosapoveblad. es

nabijic gadaidga. bizantiaSi ganmtkicebuli iyo aseTi Tvalsazrisi:

dAmoukidebeli mefis gverdiT ueWvelad unda yofiliyo damoukidebeli

ierarqi _ patriarqi. rodesac saqarTvelo gaerTianda da bagrat mesame (975-

1014) gamefda, saqarTveloSic fexi moikida bizantiurma ideologiam. amis

gamo simon kaTolikozis (1002-1012) gardacvalebis Semdeg, bagratma

kaTolikozad dasva didebuli gvaris Svili, Tavisi naTesavi da mis mier

aRzrdili, energiiT savse melqisedeqi (1012) man, bizantiuri ideologiiT

ganmsWvalulma pirdapir gamoacxada Tavisi Tavi (rasakvirvelia bagratTan

SeTaxmebiT) kaTolikoz-patriarqad da ara kaTolikoz-arqiepiskopozad. (am

tituls atarebdnen misi winamorbedni), da Seswyvita antioqiis patriarqis

(rogorc Tavisi ufrosis) moxseneba. am revolucionurma nabijma didi

miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia antioqiaSi, magram giorgi mTawmindelis (1057)

CareviT, saqme keTilad damTavrda: antioqiis patriarqis petre mesamis mier

mowveulma krebam saqarTvelos eklesia gaaTavisufla antioqiis

sapatriarqos damokidebulebisagan, 1060 welSi.

sxva patriarqebTan erTad saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobas

cnobda ruseTis eklesiac da saqmes iWerda masTan, rogorc

sworuflebianTan: didi sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros iwvevda mis

warmomadgenlebs, magaliTad nikon patriarqs gasamarTlebisas (1660 w.)

miwveuli iyo moskovis krebaze mTavarepiskopozi ioseb saakaZe.

saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis (1801) Semdegi TviTmpyrobeli

biurokratia ver Seurigda saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobas, gaiwvia

(1811 w.) ruseTSi anton kaTolikozi (meore) da samudamod dastova iq,

saqarTveloSi ki gamogzavna uwmidesi mmarTebeli sinodis warmomadgeneli,

egsarxosis saxelwodebiT. egsarxosobis dros imdenad airia saqarTvelos

eklesiis mdgomareoba, rom mTeli saukunis manZilze ar Sewyvetila maT

ukuRmarTobaze moxsenebebis mirTmeva, visdamic jer iyo, magram

saqarTvelos avtokefaliis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sityva ar daZrula, _ am

sityvis warmoTqmas gaurbodnen qarTvelebic da rusebic, _ Turme saSiSi

iyo. dasaxasiaTeblad moviyvan Semdeg faqts: swored naxevari saukunis win,

1894 welSi, dekanozma daviT RambaSiZem dastamba Tavis orkvireul Пастырь-Si axalgazrduri kadnierebiT gatacebuli mRvdlis k. cincaZis

mecnierulad damuSavebuli werili Автокефалия грузинской церкви (1905 w. es werili gamocemuli iyo calke wignakad); jer werili naxevradac ar iyo

dabeWdili, rom vladimer eqsarxosma daibara mama daviTi da daemuqra: Tu

werili ar damTavrdeba imiT, rom saqarTvelos eklesia arasodes ar

yofila damokidebuli, Jurnalsac dagixurav da Senc saqarTvelodan

gadagasaxlebo. SeZrwunebuli moxuci movida CemTan da SemomCivla Tavisi

mdgomareoba. urCie, dabrunebuliyo eqsarxosTan da moexsenebia, _ werili

nawilia vrceli Txzulebisa, romelic kritikulad ganxiluli aqvT or

damsaxurebul profesors, TviT eqsarxosis yofil maswavleblebs, _ i.

maliSevskisa da a. olesnickis, da kievis sasuliero akademiis konferenciis

mier cnobilia politikurad ara saSiSad. maliSevskisa da olesnickis

saxelebma daamSvides ganrisxebuli mRvdelmTavari, gadaarCines xifaTs

redaqtor-gamomcemeli, risxva ki avtorze iqna gadatanili, _ ra dros avto-

kefaliaze laparakiao...

zemo dasaxelebuli werili daedva safuZvlad 1905 welSi aRZrul

sakiTxs, _ saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis aRdgenisaTvis, magram

sakiTxi, rogorc (viTom) separatiuli saSiSroebis Semcveli, gadauWreli

darCa. 1917 w. martis 12 saqarTvelos samRvdeloebisa da morwmune eris mier

saqarTvelos eklesia gamocxadebul iqmna avtokefalur uflebebSi

aRdgenilad, Zmurisa da megobrulis kavSiris Seuwyvetlad ruseTis

eklesiasTan.

mmarTebeli sinodi gawyra, keTilmezobluri urTierToba CvenTan, daiwyo

sawinaaRmdego epistoleebis gagzavna CvenSi da rusebis morwmune

sazogadoebaSi: ar miiwvioT qarTveli mRvdlebi araviTar wesis

Sesasruleblad. ar miiRoT qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebisagan locva-kurTxeva,

ar SexvideT qarTul eklesiebSi Torem ueWvelad �� -o.

es garemoeba mZulvarebas sTesda (da ara savsebiT unayofos) Cvensa da

rusebs Soris...

aseTi mdgomareoba gagrZelda 25 weliwads. 1943 wlis seqtembris 14,

kaTolikoz-patriarqma gaugzavna ruseTis axlad arCeul sergi patriarqs

Semdegi depeSa: Грузинская церковь, обединяющая православных всех национальностей Грузии и её

автономных республик и области, с любовью приветствует единоверную Русскую церковь, Её возглавление патриархом Московским и всея Русии и избранием святенного при нём синода, и надеется, что цкркви сестры заживут в добром согласии, духовном единении и взаимной люви, испоняя каждое своё призвание, во славу божию и ко благу великого отечества. Возглашая вашему святейществу испола эти, остаюсь с бротскою во Христе любовью католикос-патриарх всея Грузии Калистрат.

seqtembris 21 movida Semdegi pasuxi. Радуюсь, слыша голос Грузинской церкви, разделяю надежды, желания. Бдогадорю ваше

святейшество, за поздравление. Русскому епископу Анатонию Ставропольскомубиты у вас, выяснить подробности. Патриарх Сергий.

1943 wlis oqtombris 28 TbilisSi Camovida moskovisa da sruliad

ruseTis patriarqis sergis warmomadgeneli stavropolis mTavarepiskopozi

antoni. kaTolikoz-patriarqTan molaparakebis Semdeg, oqtombris 31 sionis

taZarSi moxda or eklesiaTa Serigeba, kaTolikoz-patriarqsa da mTavar-

episkopozis antonis mier wirvis erTad SesrulebiT, saTanado sityvebis

warmoTqmiT da samadlobeli paraklisis gadaxdiT.

imave wlis noembris 19 serg. patriarqis da misi samRvdelo sinodis #12

dadgenilebiT gaformebulia sworuflebian da erTmaneTisgan damokidebul

saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiebis kanonikuri da evqaristiuli kavSiri,

rac gansakuTrebuli epistoleebiT ecnoba kaTolikoz-patriarqs,

aRmosavleTis patriarqebs, aleutskis mitropolits da ruseTis morwmune

ers. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli vrclad aris aRwerili da moTavsebulia

mimdinare wlis moskovis sapatriarqo Jurnalis mesame nomerSi.

am gvarad, 1943 w. oqtombris 31 aqtiT, saqarTvelos morwmune (da vfiqrob

ara morwmune) ersa da misdami winad ara megobrulad ganwyobil didsa da

mZlavr organizacias Soris damyarda Zmuri kavSiri.

k.p.k. 1944.5.25.

* xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. kalistrate cincaZis f. #114

saqarTvelos s.s.r. komunistur partiis centralur komitetis pirvel mdivans,

moqalaqe kandid nestoris Ze Carkvians

mogexsenebaT saxli, romelSidac am Jamad cxovrobs saqarTvelos

kaTolikoz-patriarqi (sionis taZris ezoSi, aRmosavleTiT) Tbilisis

rekonstruqciis 45 wliani gegmiT unda aRebul iqmnes. vinaidan igi

Tavisufladac ver akmayofilebs kaTolikoz-patriarqis binasa da masTan

dakavsirebul dawesebulebaTa moTxovnilebas, cxadia unda aSendes sxva

saxli.

aRniSnulis gamo axali binis ageba ganvizraxe _ sionis Crdilo mxareze,

mis yofil ezoSi; saxli daSorebul iqneba taZarze 30 metriT, xolo ezo

gamwvanebuli.

amasTan erTad saWirod vTvli mogaxsenoT, rom mRvdel-mTavris bina unda

iyos an taZris axlo, an Tavis saxeSi Seicavdes karis eklesias; eklesia ki

rom, moTavsdes TviT saxlSi, _ moiTxovs met farTobs da did Zal fuls,

Cven ki mxolod 700.000 maneTi gvaqvs, da isic nasesxebi. Tbilisis sxva

taZrebTan saxlisaTvis sawiro farTobi ar arsebobs, an Tu arsebobs, _

iqidan dagvWirdeba aTeuli ojaxis gamosaxleba, rac metad Zneli saqmea.

amisTvis erTad erTi adgilia zemod dasaxlebuli: aq aris metad

daZvelebuli saxli, romelSidac cxovrobs oTxi sulisagan Semdgari

ojaxi; misi gasaxleba Tqveni daxmarebiT ar iqneba CvenTvis samZimo.

am saxed sionis ubanic damSvendeba (dRes am miwis naWerze sanagve yuTebi

dgas) sionisTvis Sesaferisi lamazi saxliT, saqarTvelos kaTolikozsac

miecema SesaZlebloba masTan stumrad Camosul sabWoTa kavSiridan

pativsacem pirTa miRebisa Tavis binaSi da ara sastumroSi.

am sakiTxis gamo Tqveni Sewuxeba ar mindoda, magram saTanado qvemdgom

organoebSi ver cnoben mosaxerxeblad sakaTalikozo saxlis adgilze

dadgmisaTvis .

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi kalistrate

1949 w. agvistos 18. Tbilisi

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates mimarTva aleqsandre ilarionis-Zisadmi

ulacavs Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets k. kekeliZis samecniero moRvaweobis 40 wlis

iubiles

1945 III. 31 Tbilisi

Rrmad pativcemulo batoni aleqsandre ilarionisZev!

stalinis saxelobis tfilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebuli

krebuli dRes ormoci wlis samecniero moRvaweobis zeims ixdis

universitetis erT-erT fuZemdeblis akademikos korneli samsonis Ze

kekeliZisas. ormoci wlis dauRalav kvleva-ZiebiT man ramdenime aTeuli

CvenTvis aqamomde ucnobi ganaTleba mecnierebis moRvaweni aRmoaCina Cveni

eris xangrZliv arsebobis manZilze da saTanado gamoamzeura, xolo

cnobilTa namoRvawari mecnieruli sinaTliTa da brwyinvalebiT Semosa.

viziareb ra siamovnebiT universitetis ganaTlebiT krebulis mier

jerovnad Sefasebas Tavis saamayo wevrisas, wrfeli guliT usurveb

qarTvel eris codna-ganaTlebis mTavar keras mravlad SeeZinos (da

gamoezardos) dRevandeli iubilaris msgavsi mecnierni, xolo TviT

korneli samsonis Zes ar dascxromodes, welTa simZimis qveSe, aRtyinebuli

siyvaruli samecniero moRvaweobisadmi da axal-axal naSromTa gamocema, mis

pativismcemelTa sasixarulod da mSoblio eris sadideblad.


1945 w. martis 31. Tbilisi

k. cincaZis gancxadeba s.s.s.r. komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis pirvel mdivans

kandid nestoris Ze Carkvianis saxelze sionis taZris SekeTebis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos s.s.r. komunistur partiis centralur ko-

mitetis pirvel mdivans, moqalaqe kandid nestoris Ze

Carkvians

Tbilisis nagebonaTa siamaye da `margaliti~ _ sionis taZari did

gansacdelSia: mecxramete saukunis dasawyisSi Casmuli gumbaTis fanjrebis

CarCoebi dalpa imdenad, rom maTi SekeTeba, miuxedavad Cemi ara erTgzis

cdisa, aRar SeiZleba, ris gamo wvimis dros wyali Tavisuflad Camodis da

taZris Zvirfasi mxatvroba ziandeba: saWiroa gaukeTdes fanjrebs rkinis

CarCoebi.

dasavleTis mxridan niadagis qveSeTa wyali asvelebs taZrisa da

samreklos saZirkvels da Semdeg kedlebs ramdenime metrze: kedlis

lesuleba iJRinTeba wyliT, ibereba da cildeba kedlebs da amnairad

mxatvroba qvemodanac ziandeba.

inJiner koJevnikovis azriT, saWiroa sionis quCaze drenaJis gakeTeba

taZris saZirkvelis donis qvemod da wylis milebiT mtkvarSi gaSveba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom moqmedi eklesia TviT unda awarmoebdes taZris

remonts, gTxovT miiRoT mxedvelobaSi sionis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

_ qalaqSi momsvlelT amas ueWvelad aCveneben xolme. gasceT gankarguleba

am istoriuli Zeglis SekeTebisaTvis.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriariq kalistrate

1949 w. agvistos 18. Tbilisi

saqarTvelos s.s.r. komunistur partiis centralur komitetis

pirvel mdivans kandidad

nestoris Ze Carkvians

Zvelad dastambuli sayoveldlReo locvani aRar moipoveba,

moTxovnileba ki metad didia. amis gamo 1948 wlis maisis 31 aRvZari

Suamdgomloba k. i. qadagiSvilis winaSe locvanis dastambsi nebarTvisaTvis

pasuxi jerac ar mimiRia, moxuci xalxi ki mosvenebas ar maZlevs, _

mogvawodeTo.

pativiscemiT gTxovT brZanebas locvanis dastambisaTvis.


* saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #3998.

dekanoz d. lazariSvils da mix. maxaTaZes*

gTxovT da gavalebT Cemi gardacvalebis Semdeg Cem SvilebTan erTad

moiyvaneT wesrigSi Cemi sakuTari wignebi da gadaeciT visac vuanderZeb.

irodion sonRulaSvils gadaecTi rkonis RvTismSobeli, didubis

RvTismSoblis piri, zedaznidan Camotanili RvTismSoblis xati da Cemi

portreti.


1942-20 dekemberi

* xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis f. 75.

brZaneba #105

sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqosadmi. 1979 w. 30 noemberi

Seiqmnas sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq uwmidesi kalistra-

tes cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Semswavleli komisia Semdegi Semadgenlo-

biT:

mTavarepiskoposebi Sio (avaliSvili), Tadeozi (ioramaSvili), episkopozi

daviTi (Wkadua), dekanozebi: m. didenko, a. Sengelia, iRumeni a. guliaSvili,

mRv. p. beriSvili.

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebi

(damtkicebuli 1945 wlis marTva-gamgeobis debulebiT)

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:

1) mcxeTa-Tbilisisa, romlis mwyemsT-mTavari aris mTavarepiskopozi

mcxeTisa da Tbilisisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi.

samwyso: saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. deda qalaqi mcxeTa, Tbilisi da gare

kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: kawareTisa, mcxeTisa, ninowmidisa,

rusTavisa da Tbilisisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli raionebi TianeTisa,

mcxeTisa, sagarejosi da yaraiazisa da nawili Tbilisisa. kaTedra eparqiisa

aris mcxeTaSi (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidencia TbilisSi.

SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens saqarTvelos

eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT qveynebSi, sadac

marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris.

SeniSvna 2. rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gardaicvleba, an mZime

avadmyofobisa da sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqneba saSvalebas gauwios

xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio marTva-gamgeobas, mis adgils iWers is

mRvdelmTavari, mosaydris wodebiT, romlis Sesaxeb kaTolikoz-patriarqis

mdivanTan inaxeba misi uwindesobis da unetaresobis werilobiTi

gankarguleba; mosaydreoba uqmdeba, rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis

adgilzea. kaTolikozis gardacvalebis Semdeg kreba unda iyos mowveuli

ara ugvianes sami Tvisa.

SeniSvna 3. qorepiskopozi SeiZleba hyavdes mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs.

2) agarak-walkisa, anu axtala penteliTarisa (beStaSenis) (teritoria

Zveli eparqiebisa: agarakisa, bolnisisa, dmanisisa da walkisa), rasac

Seicavs raionebi baSkiCeTisa, bolnisisa, borCalosi da walkisa, da lori-

bambakis mxare. kaTedra axtalaSi (agaraki), rezidencia TbilisSi, pativi

mRvdelmTavrisa `axtala-penteliTaris (beStaSenis) episkopozi.~

3) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa:

alaverdisa, nekresisa da xarWaSenisa), rasac Seicavs Telavisa da yvarlis

raionebi da TianeTis raionis nawili xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT

garda didoeT-durZukeTi, miwerili Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze.

kaTedra _ alaverdSi, rezidencia qalaq TelavSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa:

`alaverdeli episkopozi~ (anu abba alaverdeli).

4) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe-javaxeTi da zemo somxeTi (teritoria Zveli

eparqiebisa: alaSkertisa, anisisa, awyurisa, dadaSenisa, eruSeTisa, karisa,

kumurdosi, wurwyabisa da wyarosTavisa), rasac Seadgens raionebi adigenisa,

aspinZisa da axalqalaqisa, axalcixisa da bogdanovkasi, da alaSkerti,

artaanis olqi, basiani, gumbris mxare, yarsis olqi da yaRzevanis olqi.

kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa _ awyverSi, rezidencia qalaq axalcixeSi.

mRvdelT-mTavris pativi _ `mawyvereli episkopozi.~

5) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, taoklarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria

Zveli eparqiebisa: anCisa, banisa, iSxanisa, satrafelasi, tbeTisa, jumaTisa,

xinowmindisa _ imave baTumisa, Semoqmedisa), rasac Seicavs saqarTvelos

respublikis sazRvrebSi _ exlandeli raionebi baTomisa, maxaraZisa, qedisa,

qobuleTisa, Coxotaurisa da xelosi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi:

aTinasi, arTvinisa, TorTomisa, kiskimisa, ispirisa, olTisisa, rizesi da

xofasi. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa baTomSi da rezidencia iqve. pativi

mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi.~

6) bodbisa. samwyso: rani, Saqi, wukeTi da hereTi (teritoria Zveli

eparqiebisa: bodbisa, giSisa, Weremisa da xornabujisa), rasac Seicavs

raionebi gujaanisa, kaWreTisa, lagodexisa, signaxisa da wiTelwyarosi, da

olqebi areSisa, ganjisa, zaqaTlisa, nuxisa, samurisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra _

bodbeSi. rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa qalaq siRnaRSi, pativi

mRvdelTmTavris: `bodbeli episkopozi.~

7) margveTisa. samwyso: zemo imereTi (teritoria _ nawili gaenaTis Zveli

eparqiisa), _ exlandeli raionebi zestafonisa, orjonikiZisa, saCxerisa,

Cxarisa da WiaTurisa. kaTedra mRvdelT-mTavrisa _ argveTSi, rezidencia

saCxereSi. mRvdelT-mTavris pativi: `margveli episkoposi.~

8) manglisisa. samwyso: sabaraTiano (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa:

manglisisa da winwyarosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Tbilisis raionis

dasavleTis nawili: wyneTi-TeleTis xazidan _ TeTriwyaros raioni.

kaTedra manglisSi, rezidencia TbilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa _

`mangleli episkoposi.~

9) nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa),

exlandeli raionebi ambrolaurisa da onisa. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi,

rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa _ onSi. pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa:

`nikorwmindeli episkopozi.~

10) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: nawili

samTavisisa, niqozisa, ruisisa, samTavrosi da urbnisisa), rasac Seicavs

exlandeli raionebi borjomisa, gorisa, znaurisa, kaspisa, leningorisa,

stalinirisa, qarelisa, xaSurisa da javasi da amas garda dvaleTi,

miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra _ urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-

mTavrisa qal. gorSi. mRvdelTmTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi.~

11) quTais-gaenaTisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi da okriba (teritoria Zveli

eparqiebisa: quTaisisa, xonisa da nawili gaenaTisa), rasac Seadgens raionebi

vanisa, maiakovskisa (baRdaTisa), samtrediisa, tyibulisa, quTaisisa,

wulukiZisa (xonisa) da wyaltubosi. kaTedra _ quTaisSi da mwyemsTmTavris

rezidencia iqve. mwyemsTmTavris pativi aris `quTaTel-genaTeli episkopozi.~

12) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria _ cageris Zveli

eparqiisa), _ exlandeli raionebi zemo svaneTisa, qvemo svaneTisa da

cagerisa. kaTedra cagerSi. mRvdelmTavris rezidencia iqve. pativi

mRvdelmTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.

13) cxum-afxazeTisasa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: drandisa _ imave

cxumisa, bediisa, biWvinTisa da moqvisa), exlandeli afxazeTis sabWoTa

avtonomiuri respublikis raionebi gagrisa, galisa, gudauTisa, gulripSisa,

oCamCiresi, qluxorisa da cxumisa da zugdidis raionis nawili mdinare

inguris dasavleTiT. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia

_ iqve, mRvdelmTavris pativi aris _ `cxum-afxazeTis episkopozi.~

14) wilknisa. samwyso: orisave aragvis, qsan-lexuris xeoba, gare qarTli,

saguramo da fSavxevsureTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa samTavrosi,

nawili samTavisisa da wilknisa), rasac Seicavs raionebi duSeTisa da

yazbegisa da nawili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqisa. kaTedra

mRvdelmTavrisa wilkanSi, rezidencia droebiT sveticxovelTan, pativi

mRvdelmTavrisa `wilkneli episkopozi.~

15) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: caiSisa,

walenjixisa da Wyondidisa), exlandeli raionebi abaSisa, gegeWkorisa,

zugdidisa, foTisa, Cxorowyuisa, cxakaiasi, walenjixisa da xobisa. kaTedra

mwyemsT-mTavrisa _ martvilSi, rezidencia q. foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa

aris _ `Wyondideli episkopozi.~

SeniSvna: am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis

krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis

damowmebuli literatura

1. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi. 70, gv. 4.

2. a. nikoleiSvili, gabriel episkoposi. quTaisis 1990 w. gv. 21

3. k. cincaZe, Cemi mogonebebidan, Tb. 2001, gv. 27.

4. iqve... gv. 27-28.

5. n. papuaSvili, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate.

ix. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari 1982 w. gv. 145.

6. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi 70. gv. 37.

7. iqve. gv. 38.

8. n. papuaSvili... gv. 146.

9. k. cincaZe, Cemi mogonebebidan. Tb. 2001, gv. 16.

10. k. cincaZe, gv. 20.

11. iqve. gv. 29

12. iqve. gv. 29

13. iqve, gv. 38.

14. iqve, gv. 44.

15. iqve, gv. 90

16. iqve, gv. 131

17. iqve, gv. 145

18. iqve, gv. 160

19. iqve, gv. 169

20. iqve, gv. 170

21. iqve,g v. 172

22. iqve, gv. 47

23 iqve, gv. 82

24. s. vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadiebeli samociqulo avtokefa-

luri eklesia 1917-1952 w.w. Tb., 2001, gv. 18.

25. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi, 102, gv. 104

26. s. vardosaniZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 203

27. iqve, gv. 203.

28. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi, 102, gv. 118-119.

29. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi #228.

30. s. vardosaniZe... gv. 211.

31. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, #613.

32. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, #6480.

33. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi #102, gv. 420-444.

34. iqve... gv. 376.

35. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis, f. #20.

36. Jurn. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli 1987 #3, gv. 116-168.



39. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi #102. gv. 444.

40. s. vardosaniZe... gv. 131

41. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis f. #55

42. Jur. `mebrZoli aTeisti~ 1939, #7, gv. 1

43. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis f. #102, gv. 354

44. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis gv. f. #49.

45. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis f. #52.


47. k. cincaZe, qvaSveTis wm. giorgis eklesia TbilisSi, Tb. 1994, gv. 37.

48. k. cincaZe, qvaSveTis wmieTis giorgis eklesia TbilisSi. Tb. 1994. gv.

39. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, k. cincaZis fondi #91.

49. iqve. gv. 73

50. l. gudiaSvili, mogonebebi. Tb. 1979, gv. 87.

51. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, f. #3998.

52. Jurn. `saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~. 1987 w. #3, gv. 16.

53. m. bendeliani, saqarTvelos marTlmdaidebeli eklesia XX s. 30-40_ian

wlebSi. Tb. 2002, gv. 69.

54. s. vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadiebeli samociqulo eklesia

1917-1952 w.w. Tb., 2001, gv. 179.


56. iqve. gv. 71.

57. iqve. gv. 72.

58. iqve. gv. 72.

59. iqve. gv. 73.

60. iqve. gv. 73.

61. iqve. gv. 130-133.

62. iqve. gv. 133.

63. iqve. gv. 13.

64. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. f. #3998.

65. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. mitropolit efremis saqme #1664.

66. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. mitropolit efremis saqme #1664.

67. s. vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadiebeli samociqulo eklesia

1917-1957 w.w. Tb., 2001, gv. 188.

68. m. bendelian... gv. 69.

69. k. Carkviani, gancdili da naazrevi, Tb. 1985, gv. 151-152.

70. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, fondi #3998


72. gaz. `komunisti~ 1945 weli, 14 dekemberi.

73. gaz. `komunisti~ 1946 w. 5 ianvari.



76. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, k. cincaZis f. #155.

77. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, k. cincaZis f. #93.

78. saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri arqivi (suicsa) f. 1879,

saq. 1. aRw. 8.

79. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. wilknis eparqia, #1646.


81. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. `sxvadasxva~, #324

82. Jurn. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli. 1987, #3, gv. 187-188.

83. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis fondi #70 gv. 136.

84. iqve, gv. 141

85. Jurn. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #3, gv. 173.

86. iqve, gv. 180-182

87. iqve, gv. 189.


89. Jurn. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli 1987, #3, gv. 50.

90. Jurn. `saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~, Tb. 1987, #3, gv. 63-131. kalistrate

cincaZis mecnierul memkvidreobas eZRvneab n. papuaSvilis naSromi `k.m.

cincaZis cxovreba da mecnieruli memkvidreoba, mravalTavi #XIII, 1987.

91. Jur. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli. 1987 w. #3, gv. 68.

92. Jurn. mwyemsi. 1892, #3.

93. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. cincaZis f. #113, gv. 4.

94. iqve, gv. 5.

95. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari 1982, gv. 160-161.

96. iqve. gv. 154.

97. b. arvelaZe, leon meliqseT-begi Tb. 2002 w. gv. 266.

98. iqve, gv. 267.


100. k. cincaZe qvaSveTis wmidis giorgis eklesia tfilisSi, Tb. 1994, gv. 17.

101. iqve... gv. 263.

102. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1982, gv. 160.

103. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi. f. 26760.


105. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. v. karbelaSvilis f. #272, gv. 30.

106. iqve, gv. 34.

107. s. vardosaniZe, gv. 258.

108. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. mitropolit efremis fondi, saqme

#617.

Серго Вардосанидзе.

Католикос-Патриарх всея Грузии Святейший и Блаженнейший Каллистрат (1932-1952 гг.). Католикос-Патриарх всея Грузии Святейший и Блаженнейший Каллистрат прошел долгий

и интересный путь в своей жизни. Родился он 12 апреля 1866 года в селе Тобаниери Ванского района. Закончил Тбилисскую духовную семинарию и Киевскую духовную академию. С 1893 года служил в Тбилисской дидубийской церкви Пресвятой Богородицы, 1903-1932 годы в кашветской церкви Святого Георгия. Он активно боролся за восстановление автокефалии Грузинской Православной Церкви. Был одним из первых, кто подписал 12 (25) марта 1917 года акт о восстановлении автокефалии Грузинской Церкви. Был членом Католикосского совета (синода) с 1917 по 1927 годы. С 1923 по 1924 гг. находился в заключении с Патриархом Амвросием. 31 октября 1925 года был рукоположен во епископа Ниноцминдского, в тот же день посвящен в митрополиты и назначен патриаршим местоблюстителем. 1932-1952 годы был Католикос-Патриархом всея Грузии.

Его деятельность проходила в тяжелейший период, когда один необдуманный шаг мог быть роковым, как для него самого, так и для всей Грузинской Церкви. Практически вся его жизнь прошла без единого дня отдыха и ему удалось обеспечить физическое сохранение Грузинской Православной Церкви.

sruliad saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi

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