J. Marshall, 2011J. Marshall, 2011

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

• 1919 Paris Peace Talks – Versailles Treaty• 1922 Chanak Crisis• 1923 Halibut Treaty• 1926 King-Byng Affair• 1926 Balfour Declaration/Imperial Conference• 1931 Statute of Westminster

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

References:

Falk’s Workbook pp 71 – 74

Counterpoints text pp 55 - 56

1. Treaty of Versailles Canada gave dearly:

• Casualties: 8 million pop.– 600,000 served – 66,000 died – 150,000 wounded = the lost generation

• Cost: $1.7 billion

• Social unrest : conscription crisis

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

British AcknowledgementBritish Acknowledgement

• Imperial War Cabinet

• Gen. Arthur Currie –

Corps commander treated like more

• Cdn Corps’ “star status”

BUT…..BUT…..

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

Borden at Versailles table

Borden argued:

1. The Canadian Corps’ exceptional war record as storm

troopers had brought Canada international recognition.

2. Names like Vimy and Passchendaele had cemented our

place in history.

3. Our great SACRIFICE warranted a

separate seat.

2. Chanak Crisis, 1922

2. Chanak Crisis, 1922

Greek defeat put Turks near British and French garrison in DMZ = call for war against Turkey

WE NEED HELP…

Canada!

Mustafa Kemal AtaturkDavid

Lloyd George

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

2. Chanak Crisis2. Chanak Crisis

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

Mackenzie King insisted that

the issue be debated and by the

time it was, the crisis was over.

How is this lack of unconditional

support different than other “calls to

arms” for Canada?

Mackenzie King insisted that

the issue be debated and by the

time it was, the crisis was over.

How is this lack of unconditional

support different than other “calls to

arms” for Canada?

3. Halibut Treaty3. Halibut Treaty• Past boundary disputes:

– Maine/New Brunswick – Alaska/B.C. – San Juan Islands (Washington/B.C.)

• 1923 USA/Canada negotiate a joint management model to address declining halibut stocks

• International Pacific Halibut Commission (4 members: 2 Cdn/2 US)

• 1st international treaty negotiated independent of Britain (but not ratified by US Senate)

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

…I’ll establish my own ambassador in Washington if the Brits continue to meddle in our affairs!

4. The King-Byng Affair4. The King-Byng Affair

See pp. 54 (cartoon) and 55 of Global Forces text

• 1925 election

• King refuses to resign as P.M., and with Progressive support, formed a minority govt (he had even lost his seat!)

• Progressives pull support in 1926 after excise/liquor scandal and Tories call for vote of censure.

• King asks Byng to call election, instead.• Byng refuses/asks Meighen to form gov’t – soon loses vote in HC.• Meighen asks for election and one is granted.• King campaigns vs. “undemocratic process” and wins MAJORITY !

Liberals 101

Conservatives 116

Progressives 24

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

Hero of

Vimy

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

• Byng was following precedent in fulfilling role as both rep of British + Cdn govt

• First time a GG had refused the PM• By winning, King showed the will of the nation

and this became a landmark event.

• Precedent changedPrecedent changed to give primacy to the PM = de facto head of Cda

So What?So What?Poor

Bungo

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

• Byng was following precedent in fulfilling role as both rep of British + Cdn govt

• By winning, King showed the will of the nation and this became a landmark event.

• Precedent changed to give primacy to the P.M. = de facto head of Cda

So What?So What?

5. 1926 Balfour Declaration/Report5. 1926 Balfour Declaration/Report( the second one )

• 1926 Imperial Conference, London• Former British P.M. recommends: give the

Dominions their independence.• “A colony became a nation”

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

The UK and the dominions “are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to the other in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations.”

6. Statute of Westminster 6. Statute of Westminster

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

• 1931 British act of parliament – enacts Balfour

• did not affect any element of the BNA Act since the provinces couldn’t agree on change until 1982!

= de facto and immediate independence of Canada

“No Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed after the commencement of this Act shall extend or be deemed to extend, to a Dominion as part of the law of that Dominion, unless it is expressly declared in that Act that that Dominion has requested, and consented to, the enactment thereof.”

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

1919

1922

1923

1926

1926

1931

AA

CC

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FF7. Conclusion

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

1919

1922

1923

1926

1926

1931

AA

CC

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FF

7. Conclusion

Writing a “So-what” paragraph response:

Identify the topic and add interest through mystery.

Deal with the supporting points one at a time but ensure to give the so-what (significance) of each.

Reemphasize the main argument and add a creative closing statement.

To

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In the dozen years that followed the fighting of the First World War, a series of national and international events resulted in Britain making Canada an independent country.

To

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Example response:

In the dozen years that followed the fighting of the First World War, a series of national and international events resulted in Britain making Canada an independent country.

To

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Example response:

First, because of Canada’s war record and significant sacrifices in France and Belgium, P.M. Borden insisted on a separate seat at the Paris Peace Talks and a signature on the Versailles Treaty. In addition to international prestige, this signaled increased recognition by Britain of Canada’s growing maturity as a nation state.

Wha

tS

o-W

hat

Example response:

First, because of Canada’s war record and significant sacrifices in France and Belgium, P.M. Borden insisted on a separate seat at the Paris Peace Talks and a signature on the Versailles Treaty. In addition to international prestige, this signaled increased recognition by Britain of Canada’s growing maturity as a nation state.

Wha

tS

o-W

hat

Example response:

Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.

Clo

ser

Example response:

Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.

Clo

ser

Example response:

Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.

Clo

ser

Example response:

In the dozen years that followed the fighting of the First World War, a series of national and international events resulted in Britain making Canada an independent country. First, because of Canada’s war record and significant sacrifices in France and Belgium, P.M. Borden insisted on a separate seat at the Paris Peace Talks and a signature on the Versailles Treaty. In addition to international prestige, this signaled increased recognition by Britain of Canada’s growing maturity as a nation state.

Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.

To

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Companion on-line flash cards and test practice activities via

Quizlet:

http://bit.ly/vxNbW0

end

1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion

1919

1922

1923

1926

1926

1931

AA

CC

BB

DD

EE

FF7. Conclusion

Versailles

Chanak

Halibut

King-Byng

Balfour

Westminster